pullulatev.

Brit.

/ˈpʌljᵿleɪt/, U.S.

/ˈpəljəˌleɪt/

Forms: 1600s pullulat, 1600s– pullulate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pullulāt-, pullulāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin pullulāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of pullulāre to send forth new growth, to sprout, to sprout out, spring forth < pullulus young nestling or chick, young shoot or sprout < pullus young of any animal, chick (see pull n.²) + -ulus -ulus suffix. Compare French pulluler (c1350 in Middle French in sense 2a, first half of the 15th cent. in sense 3b, end of the 15th cent. in sense 2b; the transitive use in sense 1 is apparently not paralleled in French before 1764), Italian pullulare (1313).

1. transitive. To engender, bring into existence; to cause to spring up abundantly or multiply. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)]

kenc825

begeteOE

strenec893

raisec1175

breeda1250

kenec1275

felefolda1300

engendera1325

tiddera1325

multiplyc1350

genderc1384

producea1513

procreatea1525

propagate1535

generate1552

product1577

kind1596

traduce1599

pullulate1602

traduct1604

progenerate1611

store1611

spawna1616

spawna1617

reproduce1650

propage1695

to make a baby1911

1602 A. Copley Another Let. to Dis-iesuited Kinseman 18 It being the nature of persecution, rather to pullulate more and more spiritual errors, then to retrench them.

1839 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Jan. 102 Common law abhors and annuls perpetuities. The common practice of American legislature pullulates them.

1855 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Apr. 392/2 Instead of spawning a respectable quarto, [he] pullulates his two muscular octavos.

1954 W. Stevens Coll. Poems 224 I..for whom The bells of the chapel pullulate sounds at Heart.

a. intransitive. To be developed or produced as offspring; to spring up abundantly, multiply.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth

spriteOE

wrideOE

brodc1175

comea1225

spirec1325

chicka1400

sprouta1400

germin?1440

germ1483

chip?a1500

spurgea1500

to put forth1530

shootc1560

spear1570

stock1574

chit1601

breward1609

pullulate1618

ysproutc1620

egerminate1623

put1623

germinate1626

sprent1647

fruticate1657

stalk1666

tiller1677

breerc1700

fork1707

to put out1731

stool1770

sucker1802

stir1843

push1855

braird1865

fibre1869

flush1877

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (intransitive)]

teemOE

tidderOE

breedc1200

felefolda1300

fructifya1325

creasec1380

multiplyc1390

engendera1400

fawn1481

procreate1576

propagate1601

generate1605

spawn1607

pullulate1618

populate1625

reproduce1650

prolify1660

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth > of bud, etc.

to put forth1594

to put out1603

pullulate1618

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (intransitive)] > be reproduced

pullulate1618

1618 Owles Almanacke 49 Young beards shall pullulate and multiply like a willow, if worme barke them not.

1659 R. Fitz-Brian Good Old Cause 6 Superstition..would in time have pullulated, and budded forth afresh.

1714 B. Mandeville Fable Bees i. 89 [They] may..see good spring up and pullulate from evil, as naturally as chickens do from eggs.

1794 A. Jones State of Country in Nov., 1794 8 Polluting the sources of liberty, morality, and public virtue, wherever its succours reached, and its scyons pullulated.

1890 Times 6 Oct. 9/4 One of those lower forms of Christianity which pullulate so freely in the religious soil of the United States.

c1904 R. S. Bridges Demeter iii, in Poet. Wks. (1936) 81 The hideous sins Of all the world..have become Rooted like plants into the griping clefts: And there they pullulate.

2002 N. Tosches In Hand of Dante 346 The Commedia at this time had barely yet pullulated within her husband.

b. intransitive. To teem, swarm. Frequently with with.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)]

flowc1000

flower1340

abounda1350

redounda1382

swarm1399

walm1399

bound1568

pour1574

gush1577

exuberate1623

pullulate1641

hotter1860

resonate1955

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > abound in or with > swarm with

wallc1000

to swarm in1482

wamble1485

scrawl1530

to swarm with1548

exceed1624

pullulate1641

sny1674

teem1710

spawn1818

1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 10 A banke of weedes pullulating too abundantly with rugged nettles, ulcerous trash, and poysoning flowers.

1737 tr. F. Rabelais Wks. V. xxiii. 101 Let 'em [sc. memains and parazons] pullulate and super-abound on the Tables.

1835 R. Southey Doctor III. 153 The Egyptian mind seems always to have pullulated with superstition.

1883 W. H. Russell in 19th Cent. Sept. 490 As to the beggars, they pullulate in the place.

1929 F. B. Young Black Roses I. i. 9 Under the swinging arc-lamps the live mass of tourists pullulated.

1992 F. McLynn Hearts of Darkness iii. xiii. 275 The African plains and grasslands teemed and pullulated with game in 1850.

†3.

a. intransitive. Of a seed, plant, etc.: to germinate, to put out shoots or buds. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > be a seed [verb (intransitive)] > germinate or grow

acrospirec1430

chit1601

fluster1650

pullulate1657

plant1849

1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ xi. 130 Seed doth not pullulate but after some little time.

1745 tr. L. J. M. Columella Of Husbandry ii. xii. 86 When the corn has given over pullulating, if you cover it with earth, it will rot.

1800 E. Darwin Phytologia i. ii. 16 If a branch of a tree is brought into a warm room, it will in general pullulate in the winter.

b. intransitive. Of a bud, shoot, propagule, etc.: to appear; to sprout, grow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > develop growth or excrescence [verb (intransitive)]

pullulate1682

present1897

1682 tr. J. Goedaert Of Insects iii. 40 This also holds good in the Hornes of Animalls..which when they are at their full growth are deprived of all further nourishment, become hard, and are suceeded by others which pullulate.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 253 Beneath the bark of a tree they pullulate into branches.

1842 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 51 723 Others whose pinions are but just beginning to pullulate.

1862 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 152 808 The term gemmule should be restricted to the isolated bodies which pullulate from the internal or external surfaces of the parent.

1872 Pop. Sci. Rev. 11 339 The sexual buds of the zoophyte..sometimes..pullulate from a portion of the common substance.

†4. intransitive. Medicine. To develop growths; to proliferate. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [verb (intransitive)] > others

pullulate1777

swarm1864

proliferate1890

1777 Philos. Trans. 1776 (Royal Soc.) 66 438 The surface of the intestines..began to pullulate, throwing up small grains of flesh from every point.

1797 B. Bell Treat. Gonorrhœa Virulenta I. xiii. iii. 414 A disposition in the small blood vessels of the part to sprout or pullulate, by which these warty productions appear to be formed.

5. intransitive. Of a cell or animal, esp. a pathogenic organism: to breed, multiply; to reproduce prolifically.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (intransitive)] > breed

pullulate1891

1891 G. Du Maurier Peter Ibbetson 14 Those rampant, many-footed things that pullulate in damp and darkness under big flat stones.

1929 Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Pathol. 10 386 They pullulate wildly in the serum, with the result that cocci..are disseminated into the surrounding tissues.

1976 Time 16 Aug. 47/2 Four years of war had left much of the world ripe for all sorts of epidemics, and many varieties of pneumonia-causing bacteria were pullulating.

Derivatives

ˈpullulating adj. budding, sprouting, flourishing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > bud > [adjective] > budding or having buds

gemmedc1420

embudded1523

budded1552

pullulant1558

budding1561

buddy1598

knotted1626

pullulating1666

in (the) knota1670

proliferous1674

prolified1866

proligerous1890

1666 G. Thomson Λοιμοτομια vi. 141 Remedies made use of for seasonable prevention to keep down and strangle this still pullulating poyson.

1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. ii. vi. 277 Religious liberty which would have stifled this pullulating Evil in the Seed.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 208 In the fresh pullulating grains of the glume.

1963 Daily Tel. 27 Sept. 16 It was no wanton muck-raking that uncovered the pullulating corruption of the Ward circle and illuminated the Profumo Affair.

1992 G. Swift Ever After xi. 127 As sticky, as fertile, as any pullulating little patch of ground that Matthew would have stooped over with his magnifying glass and collecting bottle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pullulate
释义	pullulatev. Brit. /ˈpʌljᵿleɪt/, U.S. /ˈpəljəˌleɪt/ Forms: 1600s pullulat, 1600s– pullulate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pullulāt-, pullulāre. Etymology: < classical Latin pullulāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of pullulāre to send forth new growth, to sprout, to sprout out, spring forth < pullulus young nestling or chick, young shoot or sprout < pullus young of any animal, chick (see pull n.²) + -ulus -ulus suffix. Compare French pulluler (c1350 in Middle French in sense 2a, first half of the 15th cent. in sense 3b, end of the 15th cent. in sense 2b; the transitive use in sense 1 is apparently not paralleled in French before 1764), Italian pullulare (1313). 1. transitive. To engender, bring into existence; to cause to spring up abundantly or multiply. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] kenc825 begeteOE strenec893 raisec1175 breeda1250 kenec1275 felefolda1300 engendera1325 tiddera1325 multiplyc1350 genderc1384 producea1513 procreatea1525 propagate1535 generate1552 product1577 kind1596 traduce1599 pullulate1602 traduct1604 progenerate1611 store1611 spawna1616 spawna1617 reproduce1650 propage1695 to make a baby1911 1602 A. Copley Another Let. to Dis-iesuited Kinseman 18 It being the nature of persecution, rather to pullulate more and more spiritual errors, then to retrench them. 1839 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Jan. 102 Common law abhors and annuls perpetuities. The common practice of American legislature pullulates them. 1855 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Apr. 392/2 Instead of spawning a respectable quarto, [he] pullulates his two muscular octavos. 1954 W. Stevens Coll. Poems 224 I..for whom The bells of the chapel pullulate sounds at Heart. 2. a. intransitive. To be developed or produced as offspring; to spring up abundantly, multiply. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth spriteOE wrideOE brodc1175 comea1225 spirec1325 chicka1400 sprouta1400 germin?1440 germ1483 chip?a1500 spurgea1500 to put forth1530 shootc1560 spear1570 stock1574 chit1601 breward1609 pullulate1618 ysproutc1620 egerminate1623 put1623 germinate1626 sprent1647 fruticate1657 stalk1666 tiller1677 breerc1700 fork1707 to put out1731 stool1770 sucker1802 stir1843 push1855 braird1865 fibre1869 flush1877 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (intransitive)] teemOE tidderOE breedc1200 felefolda1300 fructifya1325 creasec1380 multiplyc1390 engendera1400 fawn1481 procreate1576 propagate1601 generate1605 spawn1607 pullulate1618 populate1625 reproduce1650 prolify1660 the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth > of bud, etc. to put forth1594 to put out1603 pullulate1618 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (intransitive)] > be reproduced pullulate1618 1618 Owles Almanacke 49 Young beards shall pullulate and multiply like a willow, if worme barke them not. 1659 R. Fitz-Brian Good Old Cause 6 Superstition..would in time have pullulated, and budded forth afresh. 1714 B. Mandeville Fable Bees i. 89 [They] may..see good spring up and pullulate from evil, as naturally as chickens do from eggs. 1794 A. Jones State of Country in Nov., 1794 8 Polluting the sources of liberty, morality, and public virtue, wherever its succours reached, and its scyons pullulated. 1890 Times 6 Oct. 9/4 One of those lower forms of Christianity which pullulate so freely in the religious soil of the United States. c1904 R. S. Bridges Demeter iii, in Poet. Wks. (1936) 81 The hideous sins Of all the world..have become Rooted like plants into the griping clefts: And there they pullulate. 2002 N. Tosches In Hand of Dante 346 The Commedia at this time had barely yet pullulated within her husband. b. intransitive. To teem, swarm. Frequently with with. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)] flowc1000 flower1340 abounda1350 redounda1382 swarm1399 walm1399 bound1568 pour1574 gush1577 exuberate1623 pullulate1641 hotter1860 resonate1955 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > abound in or with > swarm with wallc1000 to swarm in1482 wamble1485 scrawl1530 to swarm with1548 exceed1624 pullulate1641 sny1674 teem1710 spawn1818 1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 10 A banke of weedes pullulating too abundantly with rugged nettles, ulcerous trash, and poysoning flowers. 1737 tr. F. Rabelais Wks. V. xxiii. 101 Let 'em [sc. memains and parazons] pullulate and super-abound on the Tables. 1835 R. Southey Doctor III. 153 The Egyptian mind seems always to have pullulated with superstition. 1883 W. H. Russell in 19th Cent. Sept. 490 As to the beggars, they pullulate in the place. 1929 F. B. Young Black Roses I. i. 9 Under the swinging arc-lamps the live mass of tourists pullulated. 1992 F. McLynn Hearts of Darkness iii. xiii. 275 The African plains and grasslands teemed and pullulated with game in 1850. †3. a. intransitive. Of a seed, plant, etc.: to germinate, to put out shoots or buds. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > be a seed [verb (intransitive)] > germinate or grow acrospirec1430 chit1601 fluster1650 pullulate1657 plant1849 1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ xi. 130 Seed doth not pullulate but after some little time. 1745 tr. L. J. M. Columella Of Husbandry ii. xii. 86 When the corn has given over pullulating, if you cover it with earth, it will rot. 1800 E. Darwin Phytologia i. ii. 16 If a branch of a tree is brought into a warm room, it will in general pullulate in the winter. b. intransitive. Of a bud, shoot, propagule, etc.: to appear; to sprout, grow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > develop growth or excrescence [verb (intransitive)] pullulate1682 present1897 1682 tr. J. Goedaert Of Insects iii. 40 This also holds good in the Hornes of Animalls..which when they are at their full growth are deprived of all further nourishment, become hard, and are suceeded by others which pullulate. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 253 Beneath the bark of a tree they pullulate into branches. 1842 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 51 723 Others whose pinions are but just beginning to pullulate. 1862 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 152 808 The term gemmule should be restricted to the isolated bodies which pullulate from the internal or external surfaces of the parent. 1872 Pop. Sci. Rev. 11 339 The sexual buds of the zoophyte..sometimes..pullulate from a portion of the common substance. †4. intransitive. Medicine. To develop growths; to proliferate. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [verb (intransitive)] > others pullulate1777 swarm1864 proliferate1890 1777 Philos. Trans. 1776 (Royal Soc.) 66 438 The surface of the intestines..began to pullulate, throwing up small grains of flesh from every point. 1797 B. Bell Treat. Gonorrhœa Virulenta I. xiii. iii. 414 A disposition in the small blood vessels of the part to sprout or pullulate, by which these warty productions appear to be formed. 5. intransitive. Of a cell or animal, esp. a pathogenic organism: to breed, multiply; to reproduce prolifically. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (intransitive)] > breed pullulate1891 1891 G. Du Maurier Peter Ibbetson 14 Those rampant, many-footed things that pullulate in damp and darkness under big flat stones. 1929 Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Pathol. 10 386 They pullulate wildly in the serum, with the result that cocci..are disseminated into the surrounding tissues. 1976 Time 16 Aug. 47/2 Four years of war had left much of the world ripe for all sorts of epidemics, and many varieties of pneumonia-causing bacteria were pullulating. Derivatives ˈpullulating adj. budding, sprouting, flourishing. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > bud > [adjective] > budding or having buds gemmedc1420 embudded1523 budded1552 pullulant1558 budding1561 buddy1598 knotted1626 pullulating1666 in (the) knota1670 proliferous1674 prolified1866 proligerous1890 1666 G. Thomson Λοιμοτομια vi. 141 Remedies made use of for seasonable prevention to keep down and strangle this still pullulating poyson. 1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. ii. vi. 277 Religious liberty which would have stifled this pullulating Evil in the Seed. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 208 In the fresh pullulating grains of the glume. 1963 Daily Tel. 27 Sept. 16 It was no wanton muck-raking that uncovered the pullulating corruption of the Ward circle and illuminated the Profumo Affair. 1992 G. Swift Ever After xi. 127 As sticky, as fertile, as any pullulating little patch of ground that Matthew would have stooped over with his magnifying glass and collecting bottle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1602
随便看	crucifiers crucifies crucifige crucifix crucifixer crucifixes crucifixion crucifixions cruciform cruciformity cruciformly cruciforms crucify crucifying crucifyingly crucigeran crucigeran fox crucigerous cruciverbalist cruciverbalists cruck cruckle crucks crud crud matrix