putrefyv.

Brit.

/ˈpjuːtrᵻfʌɪ/, U.S.

/ˈpjutrəˌfaɪ/

Forms: Middle English–1500s putrefye, Middle English–1600s putrifie, Middle English– putrefy, late Middle English–1500s putrifye, late Middle English–1500s putryfye, late Middle English–1600s putrefie, 1500s–1600s putryfie, 1500s– putrify (now nonstandard); Scottish pre-1700 putrefe, pre-1700 putrefie, 1700s– putrefy, 1700s– putrify (now nonstandard).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French putrefier.

Etymology: < Middle French putrefier, putrifier (1314 in Old French; French putréfier , †putrifier ) < classical Latin putrefacere putrefact v.; compare -fy suffix. Compare Italian putrefare (1481). Compare putrification n.

†a. transitive. To make putrid; to cause to decompose with a foul smell. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > make corrupt or putrid [verb (transitive)]

corrump1340

corruptc1384

putrefya1400

fadec1400

rotc1405

corrup1483

rotten1569

attaint1573

carrionize1593

putrefact1598

ranken1599

decay1626

wrox1649

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > cause bad condition in [verb (transitive)] > cause to rot or putrefy

corrump1340

corruptc1384

putrefya1400

fadec1400

rotc1405

rotten1569

carrionize1593

putrefact1598

ranken1599

decay1626

wrox1649

ret1846

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 72 (MED) Water putrifieth [v.r. putrefyeþ; L. putrefacit] lymes þat ben woundid.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 363 Also there is an other yle in whom the bodies of dedde men may not be putrefiede [Trevisa roty; L. putrescere].

1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe Epist. sig. a iiij^v For one rotten apple lytell and lytell putrifieth an whole heape.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. vii. 90 They would but stinke, and putrifie the ayre.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Creed (1662) iv. 242 The bodies were often left upon the Crosse till the sun and rain had putrified and consumed them.

1727 P. Shaw & E. Chambers tr. H. Boerhaave New Method Chem. ii. 197 The natural heat of our bodies will turn vegetables acid, and putrefy animal substances.

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 184 God..bids a plague Kindle a fiery boil upon the skin, And putrefy the breath of blooming health.

1863 tr. Pasteur's Researches in Intellectual Observer IV. 103 Let us putrefy lactate of lime sheltered from air.

b. transitive. figurative. To make corrupt, esp. morally; to destroy or impair the quality, purity, or soundness of.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > corrupt

corrumpa1340

corrupt1382

perisha1400

cankera1450

gangrenate1532

putrefy?1548

cankerfret1585

debauch1603

fly-blow1605

bebauch1607

perjurea1616

ulcer1642

dross1648

deboise1654

gangrene1658

?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature v. sig. Fvj We charge ye nomore, thys lawe to putryfye.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 288 Priuate Sutes doe Putrifie the Publique Good.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. v. 13 The World is putrified with the corruption of all sin.

1765 Govt. Tongue (new ed.) in R. Allestree Wks. IV. 396 The divine Law written in the Heart, drives thence all those Swarms of noisome Lusts, which, like the Egyptian Frogs, over-run and putrify the Soul.

1880 B. Solymos Desert Life ii. 221 To putrefy the language into several thieves' lingoes, to babelize literally.

1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 17 Aug. b1 Newspapers got to write all about the invasion of Elvis..putrefying our brains, taking our parents' children away, turning them into sex-crazed rebels.

2004 G. Greenberg in K. Kwiet & J. Matthäus Contemp. Responses to Holocaust ii. v. 106 These claimants, Hagiz wrote, were rotten to the core, they putrefied the scent of the holy of holies and prostituted the mind.

†c. transitive. Chiefly Alchemy. To decompose (an inorganic substance) by chemical action; to corrode, to oxidize. Cf. putrefaction n. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [verb (transitive)] > to decompose chemically

putrefya1550

unalchemy1661

a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 55 I haue the taughte howe thow thye bodyes muste putrefye.

1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 118 Putrefie them together in Balneo the space of three dayes.

1668 L. Colson Philosophia Maturata 34 Having this white Earth, thou may'st putrifie and alter it, or the Calxes of other Metals,..into a new Whiteness or Redness, by means of our Lune or Mercury.

a. intransitive. Of organic matter, esp. of animal origin: to become putrid; to rot, go bad; to undergo bacterial decomposition with the production of simpler and often foul-smelling compounds (cf. putrefaction n. 1). Also: (of living tissue) to suppurate, to fester (now rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)]

whealc1000

rank?a1300

ranklec1330

festera1400

putrefya1400

quittera1400

suppure?a1425

to come to a head1566

undercot1591

suppurate1615

youster1691

digest1722

maturate1726

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > become corrupt or putrid [verb (intransitive)]

forrota900

foulOE

rotOE

rank?a1300

corrumpc1374

to-rota1382

putrefya1400

mourkenc1400

corruptc1405

festerc1475

decay1574

rankle1612

tainta1616

decompose1793

wrox1847

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > rot or putrefy

forrota900

foulOE

rotOE

rank?a1300

corrumpc1374

to-rota1382

putrefya1400

mourkenc1400

corruptc1405

festerc1475

rottena1500

decay1574

rankle1612

tainta1616

moth1624

ret1846

wrox1847

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > of tissue: become diseased [verb (intransitive)] > decompose

meltc1300

putrefya1400

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 52 (MED) If al þe mater mai not be defendid from putrifaccioun, but sum partie þerof putrifieþ [L. putrefit], opene þe place & exclude þe quytture.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 5588 (MED) Aboue þe grounde ȝif þe body lie..of resoun it mvt putrefie.

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 95 (MED) Humouris..if þei putrefien not, þei bryngen yn oonlyche þe spasme of replecioun, But if þei putrefien, þei bryngen in þe spasme of ynnanyscioun.

1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 37 Suche is the nature of hony, that it suffreth not the bodies to putrifie.

a1554 J. Croke tr. Thirteen Psalms (1844) xxxviii. 11 Myne old sores do breake out agayn, And are corrupte and putrefie.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 170 in Justice Vindicated No Physitian can rightly cure any disease or wound until the venemous matter which putrifies inwardly be drawn out.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. iv. 28 He suffer'd those things to putrefie in Hermetically sealed Glasses.

1744 E. R. Seehl New Improvem. Art of making Sulphur 59 Dead Carcasses of Men, Horses, or Cattle slain, and putrifying above Ground by Heat and Moisture.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 314 In the cold arctic regions, animal substances, during their winter, are never known to putrefy.

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 1010 Albumen and fibrin putrefy very quickly.

1876 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 5) i. v. 169 The blood would putrefy and become fetid.

1955 K. Hutton & A. Swallow Chem. for Gen. Sci. p. ix When they [sc. proteins] putrefy, the nitrogenous and sulphurous gases released produce the characteristic odour of decay.

1994 D. Healy Goat's Song (1995) 338 When he opened the pages he had written in Belfast it was like opening the lid of a coffin. Inside a body was putrefying.

2002 Organic Life May–June 16/1 Meat..stagnates and putrefies in the bowel, leading to constipation and autointoxication.

b. intransitive. figurative. To become morally corrupt; to decline in quality, purity, or power. Also: †to promote corruption or impurity (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degenerate [verb (intransitive)] > become corrupt

rot?c1225

pervertc1475

putrefya1500

corrupt1598

gangrene1618

deprave1655

stink1934

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Famylyer Dyaloge Freende & Felaw (Sion Coll. London) (1989) 32 The synners somtyme He taketh hem owt of the worlde yn contrycion of her synnes lest and they lyued lenger schulde putrefye and falle agayn ynto corrupcion.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Pet. i. 4 An inheritaunce immortall and vndefiled, and that putrifieth not.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 47 Out-vpon ranke, & lothsome ribaldry, that putrifieth where it should purify, and presumeth to deflowre the moste florishinge wittes.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvi. 223 The name of vnrighteous persons shall putrifie.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E4^v It is the propertie of good and sound knowledge, to putrifie and dissolue into a number of subtile, idle, vnholesome, and..vermiculate questions.

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 29 Raising up some persons thereby to be like salt among corrupted men, least all should putrifie and perish.

1720 T. Boston Human Nature ii. 124 We putrified in Adam, as out [read our] Root.

1840 N. Hawthorne Canterbury Pilgrims 51 I could have given existence to a thousand bright creations. I crush them into my heart, and there let them putrefy!

1854 R. Montgomery Poet. Wks. 274 Soul itself in sin would putrify, Or wither down to senselessness and shame.

1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 18 Apr. e3/5 Our water and other services will putrefy and become far too expensive.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	putrefy
释义	putrefyv. Brit. /ˈpjuːtrᵻfʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈpjutrəˌfaɪ/ Forms: Middle English–1500s putrefye, Middle English–1600s putrifie, Middle English– putrefy, late Middle English–1500s putrifye, late Middle English–1500s putryfye, late Middle English–1600s putrefie, 1500s–1600s putryfie, 1500s– putrify (now nonstandard); Scottish pre-1700 putrefe, pre-1700 putrefie, 1700s– putrefy, 1700s– putrify (now nonstandard). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French putrefier. Etymology: < Middle French putrefier, putrifier (1314 in Old French; French putréfier , †putrifier ) < classical Latin putrefacere putrefact v.; compare -fy suffix. Compare Italian putrefare (1481). Compare putrification n. 1. †a. transitive. To make putrid; to cause to decompose with a foul smell. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > make corrupt or putrid [verb (transitive)] corrump1340 corruptc1384 putrefya1400 fadec1400 rotc1405 corrup1483 rotten1569 attaint1573 carrionize1593 putrefact1598 ranken1599 decay1626 wrox1649 the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > cause bad condition in [verb (transitive)] > cause to rot or putrefy corrump1340 corruptc1384 putrefya1400 fadec1400 rotc1405 rotten1569 carrionize1593 putrefact1598 ranken1599 decay1626 wrox1649 ret1846 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 72 (MED) Water putrifieth [v.r. putrefyeþ; L. putrefacit] lymes þat ben woundid. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 363 Also there is an other yle in whom the bodies of dedde men may not be putrefiede [Trevisa roty; L. putrescere]. 1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe Epist. sig. a iiij^v For one rotten apple lytell and lytell putrifieth an whole heape. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. vii. 90 They would but stinke, and putrifie the ayre. View more context for this quotation 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Creed (1662) iv. 242 The bodies were often left upon the Crosse till the sun and rain had putrified and consumed them. 1727 P. Shaw & E. Chambers tr. H. Boerhaave New Method Chem. ii. 197 The natural heat of our bodies will turn vegetables acid, and putrefy animal substances. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 184 God..bids a plague Kindle a fiery boil upon the skin, And putrefy the breath of blooming health. 1863 tr. Pasteur's Researches in Intellectual Observer IV. 103 Let us putrefy lactate of lime sheltered from air. b. transitive. figurative. To make corrupt, esp. morally; to destroy or impair the quality, purity, or soundness of. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > corrupt corrumpa1340 corrupt1382 perisha1400 cankera1450 gangrenate1532 putrefy?1548 cankerfret1585 debauch1603 fly-blow1605 bebauch1607 perjurea1616 ulcer1642 dross1648 deboise1654 gangrene1658 ?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature v. sig. Fvj We charge ye nomore, thys lawe to putryfye. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 288 Priuate Sutes doe Putrifie the Publique Good. 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. v. 13 The World is putrified with the corruption of all sin. 1765 Govt. Tongue (new ed.) in R. Allestree Wks. IV. 396 The divine Law written in the Heart, drives thence all those Swarms of noisome Lusts, which, like the Egyptian Frogs, over-run and putrify the Soul. 1880 B. Solymos Desert Life ii. 221 To putrefy the language into several thieves' lingoes, to babelize literally. 1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 17 Aug. b1 Newspapers got to write all about the invasion of Elvis..putrefying our brains, taking our parents' children away, turning them into sex-crazed rebels. 2004 G. Greenberg in K. Kwiet & J. Matthäus Contemp. Responses to Holocaust ii. v. 106 These claimants, Hagiz wrote, were rotten to the core, they putrefied the scent of the holy of holies and prostituted the mind. †c. transitive. Chiefly Alchemy. To decompose (an inorganic substance) by chemical action; to corrode, to oxidize. Cf. putrefaction n. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [verb (transitive)] > to decompose chemically putrefya1550 unalchemy1661 a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 55 I haue the taughte howe thow thye bodyes muste putrefye. 1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 118 Putrefie them together in Balneo the space of three dayes. 1668 L. Colson Philosophia Maturata 34 Having this white Earth, thou may'st putrifie and alter it, or the Calxes of other Metals,..into a new Whiteness or Redness, by means of our Lune or Mercury. 2. a. intransitive. Of organic matter, esp. of animal origin: to become putrid; to rot, go bad; to undergo bacterial decomposition with the production of simpler and often foul-smelling compounds (cf. putrefaction n. 1). Also: (of living tissue) to suppurate, to fester (now rare). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)] whealc1000 rank?a1300 ranklec1330 festera1400 putrefya1400 quittera1400 suppure?a1425 to come to a head1566 undercot1591 suppurate1615 youster1691 digest1722 maturate1726 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > become corrupt or putrid [verb (intransitive)] forrota900 foulOE rotOE rank?a1300 corrumpc1374 to-rota1382 putrefya1400 mourkenc1400 corruptc1405 festerc1475 decay1574 rankle1612 tainta1616 decompose1793 wrox1847 the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > rot or putrefy forrota900 foulOE rotOE rank?a1300 corrumpc1374 to-rota1382 putrefya1400 mourkenc1400 corruptc1405 festerc1475 rottena1500 decay1574 rankle1612 tainta1616 moth1624 ret1846 wrox1847 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > of tissue: become diseased [verb (intransitive)] > decompose meltc1300 putrefya1400 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 52 (MED) If al þe mater mai not be defendid from putrifaccioun, but sum partie þerof putrifieþ [L. putrefit], opene þe place & exclude þe quytture. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 5588 (MED) Aboue þe grounde ȝif þe body lie..of resoun it mvt putrefie. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 95 (MED) Humouris..if þei putrefien not, þei bryngen yn oonlyche þe spasme of replecioun, But if þei putrefien, þei bryngen in þe spasme of ynnanyscioun. 1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 37 Suche is the nature of hony, that it suffreth not the bodies to putrifie. a1554 J. Croke tr. Thirteen Psalms (1844) xxxviii. 11 Myne old sores do breake out agayn, And are corrupte and putrefie. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 170 in Justice Vindicated No Physitian can rightly cure any disease or wound until the venemous matter which putrifies inwardly be drawn out. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. iv. 28 He suffer'd those things to putrefie in Hermetically sealed Glasses. 1744 E. R. Seehl New Improvem. Art of making Sulphur 59 Dead Carcasses of Men, Horses, or Cattle slain, and putrifying above Ground by Heat and Moisture. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 314 In the cold arctic regions, animal substances, during their winter, are never known to putrefy. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 1010 Albumen and fibrin putrefy very quickly. 1876 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 5) i. v. 169 The blood would putrefy and become fetid. 1955 K. Hutton & A. Swallow Chem. for Gen. Sci. p. ix When they [sc. proteins] putrefy, the nitrogenous and sulphurous gases released produce the characteristic odour of decay. 1994 D. Healy Goat's Song (1995) 338 When he opened the pages he had written in Belfast it was like opening the lid of a coffin. Inside a body was putrefying. 2002 Organic Life May–June 16/1 Meat..stagnates and putrefies in the bowel, leading to constipation and autointoxication. b. intransitive. figurative. To become morally corrupt; to decline in quality, purity, or power. Also: †to promote corruption or impurity (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degenerate [verb (intransitive)] > become corrupt rot?c1225 pervertc1475 putrefya1500 corrupt1598 gangrene1618 deprave1655 stink1934 a1500 tr. A. Chartier Famylyer Dyaloge Freende & Felaw (Sion Coll. London) (1989) 32 The synners somtyme He taketh hem owt of the worlde yn contrycion of her synnes lest and they lyued lenger schulde putrefye and falle agayn ynto corrupcion. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Pet. i. 4 An inheritaunce immortall and vndefiled, and that putrifieth not. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 47 Out-vpon ranke, & lothsome ribaldry, that putrifieth where it should purify, and presumeth to deflowre the moste florishinge wittes. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvi. 223 The name of vnrighteous persons shall putrifie. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E4^v It is the propertie of good and sound knowledge, to putrifie and dissolue into a number of subtile, idle, vnholesome, and..vermiculate questions. View more context for this quotation a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 29 Raising up some persons thereby to be like salt among corrupted men, least all should putrifie and perish. 1720 T. Boston Human Nature ii. 124 We putrified in Adam, as out [read our] Root. 1840 N. Hawthorne Canterbury Pilgrims 51 I could have given existence to a thousand bright creations. I crush them into my heart, and there let them putrefy! 1854 R. Montgomery Poet. Wks. 274 Soul itself in sin would putrify, Or wither down to senselessness and shame. 1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 18 Apr. e3/5 Our water and other services will putrefy and become far too expensive. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.a1400
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