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单词 pure
释义

pureadj.adv.n.

Brit. /pjʊə/, /pjɔː/, U.S. /pjʊ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English perrour (comparative, transmission error), Middle English peure, Middle English poere, Middle English por (south-west midlands), Middle English pore, Middle English poure, Middle English powre, Middle English puȝr, Middle English puir, Middle English puire, Middle English pur, Middle English puyr, Middle English puyre, Middle English–1500s peur, Middle English–1500s pewre, Middle English–1500s (1800s– in sense C. 6) puer, Middle English– pure, 1500s–1600s pewr, 1600s pvre, 1800s pewer (in sense C. 6); English regional (Cornwall) 1800s– pewer, 1800s– puer, 1800s– pur; U.S. regional (chiefly south Midland and southern) 1800s– puore, 1900s– pyo' (chiefly in African-American usage), 1900s– pyore; Scottish pre-1700 peure, pre-1700 poore, pre-1700 poure, pre-1700 power, pre-1700 puir, pre-1700 puire, pre-1700 pur, pre-1700 purre, pre-1700 puyr, pre-1700 puyre, pre-1700 pwre, pre-1700 1700s– pure. N.E.D. (1909) also records a form late Middle English pewr.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pur; Latin pūrus.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman peur, pure, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French pur (French pur; feminine pure) (adjective) unmixed (c1000 as pura, feminine, used figuratively with reference to faith), unstained, chaste (c1135), sole, mere, simple (c1170), without aesthetic fault (c1176), real, genuine (second quarter of the 13th cent.), independent, unconditional (late 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), complete, entire (c1292 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (adverb) completely (c1292 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (noun) person or thing that is not mixed (c1170), person or thing that has no faults (c1174) and its etymon classical Latin pūrus clean, unmixed, unadulterated, (of celestial objects) clear, (of the voice) clear, taken by itself, complete, genuine, morally undefiled, chaste, ritually clean, unconditional, absolute < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit pū- to purify, and perhaps also Old High German fouwen to sift (also fewen; Middle High German vewen). Compare Old Occitan pur (second half of the 11th cent.; Occitan pur), Catalan pur (late 13th cent.), Spanish puro (early 13th cent.), Portuguese puro (13th cent.), Italian puro (12th cent.); also ( < Latin, in some cases partly via French) Dutch puur, pure (Dutch puur), Middle Low German pūr, Middle High German pūr (German pur), Old Swedish pur (Swedish pur), Early Irish púr (Irish †púr), Welsh pur (13th cent.).Apparently attested earlier as a surname: Aluredus Pur (1178), although it is unclear whether this is to be interpreted as reflecting currency of the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word. It is possible that the Middle English forms por , pore could in some instances instead show poor adj. With pure (and perpetual) alms at sense A. 2b compare post-classical Latin eleemosyna pura , also eleemosyna pura et perpetua (from 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources), Anglo-Norman pure et perpetuele almoigne (late 13th cent.). In pure widowhood at sense A. 2c after post-classical Latin pura viduitas pure widowhood (from c1315 British source), Anglo-Norman pure vedveté (late 13th cent.). In sense A. 2f after ancient Greek καθαρός pure (see catharsis n.), in Hellenistic Greek also ‘preceded by a vowel’. With pure and simple at sense A. 3c compare French pur et simple (see pur et simple adj.). With sense A. 8c compare earlier purely adj. With sense C. 3 compare earlier pured n., purray n. With sense C. 6 compare pure v. 3.
A. adj.
I. In physical senses.
1.
a. Not mixed or adulterated; clean, clear, refined; spec. (a) not mixed with any other substance or material; free from admixture or adulteration; unmixed, unalloyed (often qualifying names of colours; see also sense B. 2); (b) free from contamination or physical impurity; not mixed with anything that corrupts or impairs; untainted, clean; (c) visibly or optically clear; spotless, stainless (in quots. 1481, 1652: transparent).The quotations here represent a range of uses within these senses, often with no clear lines of division, and some unite more than one shade of meaning.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > [adjective]
fairOE
unfiledc1200
purec1300
undefouled13..
unfouledc1380
fresha1393
finec1440
filthless1532
taintless1590
virgin1596
untainted1609
indevirginate?1624
unpolluted1771
germless1869
Diana1870
sterile1877
aseptic1883
pristine1910
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > pure or clear
purec1300
freshc1405
fair1663
serene1751
the world > matter > liquid > water > [adjective] > properties or characteristics of water > pure or clear
livingeOE
fairOE
purec1300
cleara1400
skirea1400
crystalc1425
lucent1820
the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > [adjective]
shireOE
brightOE
through-shineOE
cleanc1040
cleara1400
transparent1413
crystalc1425
crystallinec1425
crystal-clear?a1439
pure1481
perspicuatea1500
beryl1508
through-shining1526
diaphane1561
thorough-seeable1562
pellucid1563
sheer1565
translucent1568
liquid1590
tralucent?1592
perspicuous1599
thorough light1601
diaphanic1614
diaphanous1614
perspicable1615
translucid1615
diaphanal1616
lucid1620
diaphaned1626
transpicuous1638
perlucid1647
dioptrical1760
dioptric1801
unconcealing1804
see-through1851
pellucent1886
pool-clear1924
c1300 St. John Evangelist (Laud) 272 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 410 (MED) So clene gold ne so puyr huy ne seiȝen neuere with eiȝen.
a1325 St. Brendan (Corpus Cambr.) 314 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 191 Calis and crues [read cruets], pur cler cristal.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 29 (MED) Of pure wete hyt [sc. the sacrament] mot be, And eke of pure wyne.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 153 To make put watir clene and pure.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 227 So watz hit clene and cler and pure, Þat precios perle þer hit watz pyȝt.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. vi. 140 The mone is not so pure that the sonne may shyne..thurgh her as thurgh an other sterre.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 369 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 106 Of pure gold was ye ground.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S3 At the well head the purest streames arise.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 42 To have his minde..like unto a pure, bright looking-glasse.
1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 7 One reads them with the pure glass of Gods word? the other by his own false and fallacious perspicils.
1751 T. Gray Elegy xiv. 8 Full many a gem of purest ray serene, The dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 508 To filter off a crystal draught Pure from the lees.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 33/1 There can be but one proper species of red;..all other shades being adulterations of that pure colour, with yellow, brown, &c.
1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 308 If alcohol be re-distilled, and reduced to two-thirds, you will obtain it very pure. This is what is called Rectified Alcohol.
1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 4 The morning air pure from the city's smoke.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 414 A mixture of prussian blue and cochineal pink..in preference to a pure blue.
1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 74 In consequence of the great solvent power of water, it is never found pure in nature.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxv. 187 The snow was of the purest white.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xliii. 857 (note) The number of carats shows the proportion of pure gold in 24 parts, 24 carat gold being the pure metal.
1987 R. Carver Elephant (1988) 114 The air was pure and invigorating.
1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) x. 276 Once it reached Newark, a two-pound bag of pure heroin might be ‘cut’..with some other chemical.
2003 S. Brown Free Gift Inside! 29 Real food, pure water, fresh air, natural cosmetics, organic farming..are the order of the day.
b. Intact, unbroken, perfect, entire. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > whole or intact
yholec1000
wholeOE
all wholec1175
hale1357
haila1400
intactc1450
undeflowereda1533
dintless1558
pure1607
undinteda1616
entirea1631
neat1715
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 716 Twenty of these hornes pure, and so many broken.
c. Of sound: not discordant or harsh, perfectly in tune, clear and even in tone; (Music and Acoustics) produced by a vibration of a single frequency, with no overtones or harmonics; chiefly in pure tone (cf. simple tone n. at simple adj., n., adv., and int. Compounds 3).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [adjective] > timbre or quality > pure or clear
brightOE
silver1526
silvered1642
purea1791
silvery1824
pellucid1952
the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [noun] > simple tone
simple tone1864
partial1873
pure tone1902
tone1919
sine tone1962
the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [adjective] > of single frequency
pure tone1961
a1791 F. Hopkinson Misc. Ess. & Occas. Writings (1792) I. 289 A substance..sufficiently elastic for the purpose..shall draw a full and pure tone from the string [of a harpsichord].
1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 104 She has a beautiful voice—neither strong nor weak, but very pure and good in the intonation.
1870 Nature 3 Mar. 458/2 This interval should, therefore, give no beats, and an impure octave be as harmonious as a pure one.
1889 J. Lecky in G. Grove Dict. Music IV. 70/2 If..all the consonant intervals are made perfectly smooth and pure, so as to give no beats, the tuning is then called Just Intonation.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 751/2 Considerable difference of opinion exists as to whether beats can blend so as to give a sensation of tone; but König, by using very pure tones of high pitch, appears to have settled the question.
1961 Lancet 22 July 197/2 Pure-tone audiometry is only one item in a whole range of tests that are needed to build up a complete picture of the condition of a patient who has a hearing-loss.
1976 L. H. Schaudinischky Sound, Man & Building i. 30 The beat grows progressively lower and vanishes altogether when f1 = f2. This gives rise to a method of extremely accurately determining the unknown frequency of a pure tone.
2005 Independent (Nexis) 12 Aug. (Features) 5 What you often get with these northern orchestras is a weighty, pure bass sound.
d. Of a group of plants, esp. trees: consisting of only one species.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [adjective] > containing trees of same or different age or species
even-aged1889
pure1889
all-aged1905
uneven-aged1905
1889 W. Schlich Man. Forestry I. ii. iii. 177 Such woods may be composed of one species only, or they may contain a mixture of two or more species; in the former case they are called ‘pure woods’, and in the latter ‘mixed woods’.
1902 J. C. Gifford Pract. Forestry viii. 198 In Europe.., where large quantities of spruce are raised for this purpose, it grows in dense, pure stands.
1948 Misc. Publ. Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool. 68 16 The creosote bush, usually in pure stands, covers great expanses of the broad desert basins.
1991 Forestry 64 360 The sampling strategy was aimed at pure crops of Sitka spruce in eastern and southern Scotland.
II. In non-physical or extended senses.
2.
a. Free from anything not properly belonging to it; without any added, extraneous, or unnecessary elements; simple, homogeneous, unmixed, unadulterated (sometimes merging with sense A. 6). pure naturals: see natural n.1 3a.
ΚΠ
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 451 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 119 (MED) Euere þe herre heore ordre is, me þinchez bi puyr [a1325 Corpus Cambr. pur] lawe þe strengore scholde heore dom beo.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9724 (MED) Me ssolde him uerst desordeini & suþþe, þoru pur lawe & þoru Iugement of þe lond, honge him.
c1450 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Rawl.) (1869) B. xiii. 166 (MED) Þere nys neyther..Pope ne patriarch þat puyre reson ne schal make Þe meyster of alle þo men.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bvv For pure sorow of that sight thai sighit vnsound.
1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) i. ix. 47 In the time of Elisa or Dido, the Phænicean or Punike, which she carried into Africa, was pure Hebrew, as were also their letters.
1642 R. Burney Answer Observ. v. 23 'Tis Adams pure naturalls, impure nature that makes a Subject covet to be a King.
1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 81 The Sadducees profess'd to follow the pure text of Scripture, or to interpret it according to the literal sense.
1864 F. C. Bowen Logic (1870) vi. 148 I know at once, or by Immediate Inference,—that is, by an act of Pure Thought.
1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 130 The strain at a point is said to be pure strain if the principal axes (axes of the strain ellipse) are not rotated by the strain.
1912 D. C. Macintosh Probl. Knowl. i. 63 The innocent enough looking ‘dualistic’ doctrine that all true knowledge is the elaboration of pure experience by thought.
1942 G. M. Trevelyan Eng. Social Hist. xi. 363 The foundation of hospitals and the improvement of medical service and infant welfare were pure gain.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Oct. 15/4 Osama bin Laden rejects..the entire history of interpretation of the Qur'an..in order to return to the unadulterated, original wording, pure, naked scripture.
b. Law. Without any condition attached; absolute, unconditional. Frequently in pure (and perpetual) alms (cf. frankalmoign n., perpetual alms n. at perpetual adj., adv., and n. Compounds 1). Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [adjective] > free from conditions
purea1393
absolutec1475
unreserved1538
unconditioneda1631
unconditionable1642
unconditionate1642
inconditionate1654
respectlessa1660
unconditional1667
unconditionated1836
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 742 (MED) The richesse Which to Silvestre in pure almesse The ferste Constantinus lefte, Fro holy cherche thei berefte.
1438 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 265 For quhy that I..has..confermyt a charter of pur sellyng of my landys.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 34 (MED) Huge, Abbot of Abendon..grauntyd to the Mynchons of Godstow..in-to pur & perpetual almys, fowre burdyns of thornys.
1584 Burgh Court Perth 4 May Sufficient charter of puir venditioun contenyng clausis of warrandice.
c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1922) II. 31 In puir and perpetuall almouse.
1713 Act 13 Anne c. 6 §8 To have and to hold the said Canonship or Prebend to the said Colwell Brickenden..and his Successors..in pure and perpetual Alms.
1818 H. T. Colebrooke Treat. Obligations & Contracts 151 [If] one be conditional or deferred for a term, while the other is a pure and simple engagement.
1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes ii. 159 Sabinus and Cassius think that a conditional legacy to him is valid, but not a pure one.
1997 J. Hudson Land, Law & Lordship in Anglo-Norman Eng. 191 Ralph Carbunel gave the canons of Easby two carucates to hold of him and his heirs in pure and perpetual alms.
c. Law. Chiefly in pure widowhood. Designating the status of a widow who has not remarried and is regarded as an independent legal personality, able to hold and dispose of property, land, etc., in her own right. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow
pure widowhood1427
vowess1506
king's widow1540
widow1561
Merry Widowc1567
widow mother1582
virgin widowa1644
war widow1866
1427 in W. Fraser Melvilles & Leslies (1890) III. 21 Condicyonys..quhilkis scho is bundyne..to fulfile in hir pur wyduyte.
1448 in B. Sundby Stud. Middle Eng. Dial. Material Worcs. Rec. (1963) 256 (MED) Ef..the seid Jahne ouer luve the seid Thomas Corbet, then the seid Jahne in hure pure weduhod shal relese..alle hure right and titel.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 147 (MED) Agnes þe wyfe sumtyme of Iohn perschore..beyng in pure wydewhode..grauntyd..to þe religiouse women..alle here ryȝht..in oon Mese.
1624 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1862) IV. 256 The pretendit chartour... Dame Issobell is alledgit in hir puire vidowitie to have gevin.
1666 W. Dugdale Origines Juridiciales xiii. 28 I have seen an original deed..by Alice the daughter of William de Wrottesle..in her pure Widowhood, of all that land which her father gave in frank marriage with her.
1731 Magna Britannia VI. 413/1 She survived Baldwin, and in her pure Widowhood gave to the Canons of Bolton..her Mills at this Place.
1991 Past & Present May 30 There are two particularly interesting features of this transaction. The first concerns the issue of ‘pure widowhood’. In theory a widow was entitled to freebench rights only during her ‘pure’ (that is, un-remarried) widowhood.
d. In reference to breeding or lineage: of unmixed origin or descent; pure-bred.Originally of persons; now often of domesticated animals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > descent from common ancestor
pure1569
truly1650
thoroughbred1719
thorough-blood1774
monogeneous1857
genetic1860
monogenous1866
homogenetic1870
homogenetical1870
homogenous1870
monophyletic1874
clean-bred1882
homodemic1883
homophylic1883
homosystemic1883
line-bred1891
synepigonic1904
cladistic1960
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 286 To people the towne with pure Englishe men.
a1675 J. Lightfoot Wks. (1684) II. 799 In Persia there are very many not of pure blood, and a few that are pure.
1729 E. Fenton Observ. Waller's Poems in E. Waller Wks. p. xix/2 Her blood is kept pure, by often alliance with great and Princely families.
1836 in H. Strang Pioneers in Canada (1935) 80 Thomas Hassel, a pure Indian, who had been educated at Red River, and engaged by me as an interpreter.
1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks i. ii. 28 I consider Attila to have been a pure Hun.
1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood xxvii That horse..is very nearly a pure Arab.
1983 K. Hulme Bone People 64 My father's father was English so I'm not yer 100% pure. But I'm Maori. And that's the way I feel too.
2002 J. Cunliffe Encycl. Dog Breeds (new ed.) 190/2 [The modern English setter was] greatly influenced by Edward Laverack who acquired two pure English setters in 1825 and began his breeding programme.
e. Of a subject of study or practice: restricted to the essential matter; not concerned with related subjects or topics; spec. dealing with the theory or abstract understanding of a subject as distinct from its practical application (cf. pure mathematics n.); frequently opposed to applied adj. 3a, mixed adj.2 5. Also: designating a student or practitioner of the theory or essentials of a subject or sphere of activity; (of music, painting, poetry, etc.) designating a work or form considered absolute, essential, or abstract, rather than representational, didactic, or commercial; (hence) of or relating to an artist whose work is of this type.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > [adjective]
musica1382
musical1447
rural1488
harmonic1570
harmonical1603
pure1605
tuneful1697
melophonic1843
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > systematic knowledge, science > [adjective] > kinds of
philosophical?a1513
mixed1605
pure1605
occulta1652
applied1832
statistical1885
marine scientific1937
soft1966
the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > confirmation of hypothesis, theory > [adjective] > characterized by theory
pure1605
theorized1826
theory-laden1886
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > specialist > [adjective]
pure1858
society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective]
pure1941
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Hh3 The mathematicks are either pure, or mixt... Mixt hath for subiect some Axiomes or parts of Naturall Philosop[h] ie. View more context for this quotation
1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. ii. 12 Mathematicks..is usually divided into pure and mixed.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 14. ⁋5 The difference between pure science, which has to do only with ideas, and the application of its laws to the use of life.
1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1045/2 In England..the profession is ostensibly divided into three distinct branches, viz. pure physicians, or those who profess to act only in medical cases; pure surgeons, or those who practise surgery alone; and surgeon-apothecaries, or general practitioners.
1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 752/2 Pure Mechanism, or Applied Kinematics: being the theory of machines considered simply as modifying motion.
1903 Carnegie Inst. Yearbk. 1902 27 The applications of pure physics and pure chemistry from the minutest parts of the earth to the mass of the earth as a whole.
1924 Econ. Jrnl. 34 346 Meanwhile I got a good deal interested in the semi-mathematical side of pure Economics.
1941 ‘G. Orwell’ in Listener 29 May 768/1 James Joyce, was..about as near to being a ‘pure’ artist as a writer can be.
1955 Times 9 May 5/1 The exhibition would attract considerable attention and must help to break down the barrier which existed between commercial and pure art.
1978 P. Griffiths Conc. Hist. Mod. Music iv. 47 His [sc. Debussy's] creative energies were directed..into works of pure music.
2002 Guardian (Nexis) 29 July (Media section) 2 The pure economist would say free trade is good whether or not you have reciprocity.
f. Linguistics. (a) In ancient Greek: (of a stem) ending in a vowel; (of an ending) following a vowel. (b) In Arabic, etc.: (of a syllable) ending in a vowel, open. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [adjective] > ending in a vowel
pure1650
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [adjective] > syllable > type of
pure1776
open1845
checked1943
1650 E. Reeve Introd. Greeke Tongue 24 Nounes ending in δα, θα, ρα, or pure α, do make the Genitive in ας.
1650 E. Reeve Introd. Greeke Tongue 24 Adjectives in ις, having ος not pure [e.g. εύπατρις, ευπάτριδος].
1776 J. Richardson Gram. Arabick Lang. v. 14 [Syllables] are divided into pure and mixed; the pure consisting only of one consonant and one vowel,..the mixed of two consonants joined by a vowel.
1818 E. V. Blomfield tr. A. H. Matthiæ Copious Greek Gram. I. 218 Verbs pure, whose final syllable -ω is preceded by a diphthong.
1870 E. Abbott tr. Curtius Elucid. Student's Gr. Gram. i. vi. 57 In the formation of the acc. sing. of Masc. and Fem., the true vowel-nature of the stem declares itself, πόλι-ν, πολύ-ν; and the voc. sing...contains the pure vowel stem.
g. Logic. Designating or relating to a predicate which is affirmed or denied of the subject without a qualification (opposed to modal adj.1 1); (of a syllogism) containing such a proposition as its premise. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [adjective] > of types of propositions
causalc1530
subalternate1599
equipollent1642
reduplicative1671
subalternating1671
pure1697
poristic1704
desitive1725
inceptive1725
contrary1739
exponible1788
analytic1797
analytical1797
poristical1828
oristica1832
oristicosemeiotica1832
balanced1849
plurative1849
molecular1892
dyadic1897
monadic1897
dispositional1909
non-atomic1934
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [adjective] > of types of syllogism
modal1569
hypothetical1588
prosyllogistical1588
contract1605
prosyllogistic1652
monstrative1653
enthymematic1654
epicheirematic1656
hypothetica1680
pure1697
indirect1728
dialectal1767
tollent1770
conjunctivea1856
hypothetico-disjunctivea1856
schematica1856
unfigureda1856
subsumptive1884
episyllogistic1886
1654 Z. Coke Logick 114 Propositions of the manner necessary are converted so as the pure simply, when they are universal negatives.]
1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xxviii. 112 A Pure Enunciation is [L. Enunciatio pura est] that in which it is not express'd how the Parts cohere... Modal, in which it is.
1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. xiv. 60 A Pure [Syllogism] is that which consists of Propositions pure... Modal either of one or both Modal.
1725 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. §4 When a proposition merely expresses that the predicate is connected with the subject, it is called a pure proposition; as, every true christian is an honest man: But when it includes also the way and manner wherein the predicate is connected with the subject, it is called a modal proposition; as, when I say, it is necessary that a true christian should be an honest man.
1827 R. Whately Elements Logic (ed. 2) iii. ii. 106 A Modal Proposition may be stated as a pure one, by attaching the Mode to one of the Terms.
1870 W. S. Jevons Elem. Lessons Logic vii. 69 It has long been usual to distinguish propositions as they are pure or modal.
1993 R. B. Marcus Modalities 56 The early taxonomy of preformal logic distinguished between pure and modal propositions.
h. Originally Economics. Of a surplus or deficit, esp. of money: remaining after all deductions; reckoned independently of other gains, losses, or holdings. Frequently in pure profit, pure earnings.
ΚΠ
1749 T. W. Brit. Sleepers II. 57 The Things being exported being more than we can consume, in respect to our Necessities, they are superfluous, and their whole Produce is a pure Profit.
1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire II. 537 If we deduct from this the waste in the coinage, the wages of workmen, and the expence of transport, the remainder is pure profit.
1887 Polit Sci. Q. 2 606 In selling the product for more than this sum total lies the employer's chance of ultimate gain. Pure profit is the return of simple ownership.
1903 C. F. Bastable Public Finance IV. iv. 472 The aim of taxing permanent incomes at a higher rate is accomplished by a tax that does not touch pure earnings.
1964 Jrnl. Finance 19 27 We can now define pure earnings as earnings minus implicit interest, and pure earnings then account for all capital costs.
1992 Observer 2 Feb. 28/4 Soundings from managing agents..indicate that ‘pure’ losses in 1990 will amount to just £390 million.
i. Medicine and Psychology. Of a disease or condition: uncomplicated by any other disease or pathological process. Also (of a patient): suffering from such a disease or condition.
ΚΠ
1771 J. Hill Managem. Gout (ed. 8) ii. 11 The celebrated Englishman who establishes this distinction..supposes the hereditary taint may often be a mixture of scurvy, pox, and stone; as well as a pure gout.
1812 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Rev. 8 365 The frequent paroxysms of difficulty of breathing, not usual in pure phthisis.
1859 J. Bigelow Nature in Dis. (ed. 2) i. 22 Also if inflammatory, or other morbid affections, supervene upon the pure disease, they may become subjects for medical treatment.
1900 Lancet 8 Dec. 1633/2 It is very remarkable..how very rarely in the course of a case of pure tuberculosis this sign appears.
1945 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 58 283 Twenty were chosen that represented the ‘pure’ form of maternal overprotection, of which Dr. Levy distinguishes five varieties in all; pure, compensatory for rejection-impulses, mixed pure-and-compensatory, mild, and non-material.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 7 Oct. (Abstracts) 8/2 It is most unlikely that normal feminization at puberty will occur, and testicular removal at any age is generally indicated as in the case of pure gonadal dysgenesis already mentioned.
1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 2/1 Atypical manic patients, such as schizo-affective patients, do not respond so well to lithium therapy as do ‘pure’ depressive patients.
2002 BusinessWeek 5 Aug. 117/1 An anemia drug..attracted scrutiny after being linked to 141 cases of pure red-cell aplasia, a life-threatening anemia.
j. Phonetics. Of a vowel: not joined with another to form a diphthong.
ΚΠ
1922 Mod. Philol. 20 273 This slow changing movement renders the production of a pure vowel impossible.
1932 D. Jones Outl. Eng. Phonetics (ed. 3) xiv. 63 The term ‘pure’ vowel is used in this book to designate a vowel (during which the organs of speech remain approximately stationary) in contradistinction to a diphthong (during which the organs of speech perform a clearly perceptible movement).
1960 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 81 210 High frequency of ‘pure vowels’ in initial position..is by no means a general distributional property of all languages.
1996 R. L. Trask Dict. Phonetics & Phonol. 202 A form of monophthongization in which a diphthong is reduced to a pure vowel lying phonetically about halfway between the start point and end point of the original diphthong.
3. Chiefly attributive.
a. That is the thing itself, not something else; true, real, genuine; very. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > [adjective] > in its natural state, unsophisticated
purec1300
right1466
sincere1557
in grain?1577
genuine1607
unsophisticate1607
honesta1616
undistracted1656
unsophisticated1664
inartful1714
unabsurd1744
in the raw1785
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 555 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 315 Man schal in puyr somer selde þondre i-huyre, For þer is þanne selde wete to maken quenchingue of fuyre.; Ne in puyr winter no-þe-mo, for þanne nis non hete.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2308 He..sede he was purost [v.r. purest; a1400 Trin. Cambr. puirest] eyr to be icrouned to kinge.
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1279 The pure fettres of his shynes grete Were of his bittre salte teres wete.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 704 (MED) Wel nyȝe pure paradys moȝt preve no better.
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 6656 (MED) He..persed his Armure..That it come to his fflesche pure.
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. xviii. sig. D.viii Tyll the pure panges of death pulled theyr harte fro theyr play.
b. Used emphatically or as an intensifier: nothing but (the thing specified); sheer, utter, complete, total, unmitigated.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > pure or flawless
lutter971
unwemmedc1000
fair?c1225
upright?c1225
purec1300
without lackc1300
completec1380
defaultlessa1425
flush?1550
undefective1599
impeccable1620
indefectivea1641
defectless1651
virginala1659
flawless1659
unflawed1665
indefectuous1685
unblighted1785
immaculate1791
indefectible1833
shadeless1894
flukeless1895
intacta1941
pedicured1988
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > utter or absolute
shirea1225
purec1300
properc1380
plainc1395
cleana1400
fine?a1400
entirec1400
veryc1400
starka1425
utterc1430
utterlyc1440
merec1443
absolute1531
outright1532
cleara1535
bloodyc1540
unproachable1544
flat1553
downright1577
sheer1583
right-down?1586
single1590
peremptory1601
perfecta1616
downa1625
implicit1625
every way1628
blank1637
out-and-outa1642
errant1644
inaccessional1651
thorough-paced1651
even down1654
dead1660
double-dyed1667
through stitch1681
through-stitched1682
total1702
thoroughgoing1719
thorough-sped1730
regular1740
plumb1748
hollow1751
unextenuated1765
unmitigated1783
stick, stock, stone dead1796
positive1802
rank1809
heart-whole1823
skire1825
solid1830
fair1835
teetotal1840
bodacious1845
raw1856
literal1857
resounding1873
roaring1884
all out1893
fucking1893
pink1896
twenty-four carat1900
grand slam1915
stone1928
diabolical1933
fricking1937
righteous1940
fecking1952
raving1954
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 693 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 319 (MED) Euerech of þeos foure elemenz en-tempriez oþur..So þat vnneþe In any Man any riȝ[t] puyr maister is.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 3325 (MED) Wiþ pure strengþe of swerdes dint, King Lot he feld, verrament, & was about him to slen.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1247 (MED) I were glad..At saȝe oþer at seruyce þat I sette myȝt To þe plesaunce of your prys; hit were a pure ioye.
a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 379 (MED) He forsok cristindome & becom al pure heþin.
c1550 Clariodus (1830) v. 2303 Melancholike he brunt of pure invy.
1611 G. Chapman May-day v. 73 His Master hath such a pure beleefe in his wife, that hee's apt to beleeue any good of her.
1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 69 They are denyed the reading of such wanton Books, only out of pure envy.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 31 The Ale-Wives tickle him..with the Title of Captain, which makes him ofttimes stay to get Drunk in their Houses, out of pure Joy and Gratitude.
1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams II. xi. 218 I believed that misery, more pure than that which I now endured, had never fallen to the lot of a human being.
1863 H. Morford Sprees & Splashes i. 12 All play~goers will remember..a piece of pure nonsense by Brougham, in which an old hunks is intruded upon by his daughter's lover in disguise.
1870 J. Ruskin Let. in Athenæum 30 Sept. (1905) 428/3 Dickens was a pure modernist—a leader of the steam-whistle party par excellence.
1915 J. Turner Let. July in C. Warren Somewhere in France (2019) 16 The Plainsong was pure joy to me—by far the best music yet.
1941 K. A. Porter Let. 7 Jan. (1990) iv. 186 Marriage for me has meant pure disaster, and a strange cruel starvation of the heart.
1967 Times 29 May 6/4 Glissandos on the microtonal harp were pure magic.
1991 F. F. Centore Being & Becoming i. 30 In this light he attacks Hegel's Pure Spirit as pure stupidity.
c. Taken by itself, with nothing added; that is the thing specified, and nothing else; no more than; mere, simple.Often in pure and simple (usually following the noun).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adjective] > without addition or qualification > bare or mere
mereeOE
nakedOE
barec1200
purec1325
singlec1421
very1548
nude1551
absolute?1570
blank1596
female1602
clear1606
the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adjective]
shirec888
unmengedeOE
mereeOE
perfecta1393
unmeddleda1425
impermixta1475
unmingled1545
unpermixedc1545
sincere1546
unintermixed1595
immixt1622
untinct1646
single-fold1651
meracious1657
beaten1670
simple1818
pure1831
straight1856
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 794 (MED) He isei þat he moste attenende Vor pur meseise vorfare.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 144 (MED) Many of þaim diez for pure elde withouten sekeness.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 1026 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 58 For pure pytte & Ioy þai gret.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cvii. f. xlviiiv The .ii. sonnes of Mordred were constrayned of pure force to seche stronge holdes for theyr Refuge.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) ii. i. 159 Alas Sir, we did it for pure need. View more context for this quotation
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. xix. 202 Knowing no more how to sway a sceptre then a pure clown to manage a sword.
1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 79 This distinction is the pure invention of those who make the objection.
1831 Star 31 Jan. Partisans who wish for a re-union pure and simple.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 7 June (1954) III. 302 But the most ignorant journalist in England would hardly think of calling me a rival of Miss Mulock—a writer who is read only by novel readers, pure and simple, never by people of high culture.
1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 408 His delay in setting out was due to pure procrastination and dilatoriness.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 27 That of which we are speaking is knowledge pure and simple.
1904 J. Conrad Nostromo i. viii. 110 ‘Sir,’ he used to say afterwards, ‘that was no mistake. It was a fatality. A misfortune, pure and simple, sir.’
1993 Nature 21 Oct. 703/3 The discovery of bacteriophage was pure luck.
2005 When Sat. Comes Dec. 32/2 No hype or promises, just pure facts.
III. Free from corruption or defilement.
4.
a. Free from moral corruption; of unblemished character or nature; morally untainted; guiltless, innocent, guileless. Formerly also with of, from.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective]
cleanlyc888
unwemmedc950
clean971
lightOE
whiteOE
unfiledc1200
shire?c1225
sheenc1275
wemlessc1275
undefouled13..
undefoileda1325
purec1330
unbleckedc1380
unfouledc1380
clear1382
impollutec1384
unblemishedc1400
undefiledc1400
unspottedc1400
virginc1400
spotless?a1430
immaculate1441
uncorruptc1450
unpollushed1490
intemeratea1492
incorrupted1529
unmaculate1535
impolluted1548
crystallinec1550
incorrupt1550
uncorrupted1565
undistained1565
unstained1573
entire1587
taintless1590
untainted1590
stainless1599
unsmirched1604
intemerated1608
indepravate1609
chastea1616
uncurseda1628
undishonested1631
untaint1638
Adamical1649
sincere1649
undebaucheda1656
unaccurseda1674
amiantal1674
unsoiled1699
unpolluted1732
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 7514 (MED) Þo þat ware ded of our, To heuen brouȝt soule pure, And þe slawen Sarrazine Went into helle pine.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. x. 463 (MED) Souteres..passen..In-to þe blisse of paradys for her pure byleue.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xiv. 48 To saue his sowle whiche God hath lent to hym pure and clene to thende that he shold rendre it such agayn.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxiii. 4 He..that is pure in werkis and clen in thoghtis.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. v. f. v Blessed are the pure in herte.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xx. 26 I am pure from the bloud of all men.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 20 In point thay war to parische, thay proudest men and pure.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 506 Nature her self, though pure of sinful thought. View more context for this quotation
1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici Pref. sig. a2v Their Descendants lost by little and little the Primitive and Purer Rites.
1719 I. Watts Hymns i. lxxxvi How should the sons of Adam's race Be pure before their God?
1742 W. Law Appeal to All that Doubt iii. 211 Those Mysteries that are only to be approached by those that are of a pure Heart, and who worship God in Spirit and in Truth.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ Concl. His morality is everywhere calm, pure, and rational.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 171 A friendship as warm and pure as any that ancient or modern history records.
1851 Ld. Tennyson To Queen vii Her court was pure; her life serene.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 265 He protested..that his hands were pure from the blood of the persecuted Covenanters.
1922 S. Lewis Babbitt xviii. 225 Outlining the plots of films about pure prostitutes and kind-hearted train-robbers.
1935 E. Bowen House in Paris ii. iv. 128 Karen and Max, two people, were her objects; even with them she did not pursue anything; she was pure in heart.
1990 R. Baker There's Country in my Cellar ii. vii. 55 He brings you the finest gift it is possible to present to a university—a pure mind, unused, untouched and unscarred by the education production line.
b. Applied mockingly to Puritans or Quakers. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Puritanism > [adjective]
precise1560
Puritant1580
puritan1588
disciplinarian1591
disciplinary1591
pure1598
puritanical1598
puritanian1601
puritanic1606
kneeless1631
prick-eared1641
precisianicala1652
Catharistic1838
perfectionistic1884
hot-gospelling1891
Patarene1902
wowserish1933
1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. i. sig. B8 Lucilla, new set thy ruffe, tut thou art pure, Canst thou not lispe, (good brather) looke demure?
1602 B. Jonson Poetaster iv. i. sig. G To helpe 'hem to some pure Landresses, out of the City. View more context for this quotation
1729 H. Carey Poems (ed. 3) 94 The Pure Ones will, I know, with out-stretch'd Voice, Arraign my Judgment, and condemn my Choice.
1785 G. A. Bellamy Apol. Life II. 45 My mother, from being one of the pure ones, had changed her religion to that of a methodist.
5. Sexually undefiled; chaste; virgin.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > purity > chastity > [adjective] > chaste
sedefulc1000
chaste?c1225
purec1380
continenta1398
castc1430
chastful1497
unwanton1606
moral1803
c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 48 Thow virgyne wemmelees Bar of thy body, and dweltest mayde pure.
?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 636 Alle cladde in white, in tokne off clennesse, Lyche pure virgynes.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 358 (MED) Heyl, excellent prynces, mary most pure!
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 101 This haly lady, nete and pure without ony syn.
1588 A. King tr. St. Peter Canisius Catech. in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 209 That blissit Marie remaines still puir virgine.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 83 And yet forsooth she is a Virgin pure . View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 134 The Virgin pure In Galilee. View more context for this quotation
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 210. ⁋6 I have lived a pure and undefiled Virgin these Twenty seven Years.
1771 tr. J. M. Horstius Paradise of Soul (ed. 2) App. 21 Hail you, the Sea's bright Star, Who God's pure Mother are.
1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 14 A virgin purest lipp'd.
1878 W. E. Barnes Serpent & Dove iii. i. 19 She is as pure as an angel.
1904 Hymns Anc. & Mod. No. 55 A maiden pure and undefiled Is by the Spirit great with child.
2002 NFT Programme Booklet June 25/1 Brigitte Helm's enduring iconic status is based on her extraordinary debut as the pure, virginal Maria.
6. Free from admixture of anything debasing or deteriorating; unadulterated, uncorrupted, uncontaminated; conforming accurately to a standard of quality or style; faultless, correct.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adjective] > unadulterated or undiluted
clean883
purea1393
uncorrumpeda1400
uncorrupted1541
sincere1557
stark naked?1594
undelayed1600
unsophisticated1630
entire1640
inadulterate1648
dephlegmated1651
neat1651
unalloyeda1672
intaminateda1695
undrossy1708
net1713
unadulterate1716
unsophistical1736
uncauponateda1752
undiluted1756
absolute1810
undefecated1812
unadulterated1823
undilute1876
undoctored1882
uncut1967
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2604 (MED) Sche is the pure hed and welle And Mirour and ensample of goode.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 84 Jn pure [a1425 Linc. Inn puyr] manere of bataile.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3990 (MED) Of þe pure thewis Þat lurkis with-in þis lede, full litill he kennes.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) James i. 27 Pure devocion and undefiled.
1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus Ep. to King sig. Aiijv In suche places of your realme as the pureste englyshe is spoken.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 182 At Geneua many French Gentlemen and Students comming thither..did speake pure French.
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. i. i. §4. 5 After the Captivity the pure Hebrew ceased to be Vulgar, remaining onely amongst learned men.
1749 B. Franklin Proposals Educ. Youth Pensilvania in Papers (1961) III. 402 That the Rector be..a correct pure Speaker and Writer of the English Tongue.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1838) V. l. 21 The purest disciples of Zoroaster escaped from the contagion of idolatry.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 165 They had been oppressed, and oppression had kept them a pure body.
1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xvi. 124 His taste, if severe, was pure.
1999 Independent (Nexis) 4 Apr. (Features section) 5 He tells me proudly that Tuscans speak the ‘purest’ Italian.
7. Free from ceremonial defilement; ritually clean; fit for sacred use. rare after 17th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > [adjective]
cleanlyc888
cleanc1000
pure1611
1611 Bible (King James) Ezra vi. 20 The Priestes and the Leuites were purified together, all of them were pure, and killed the Passeouer. View more context for this quotation
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage ii. xvi. 165 His [sc. a Jew's] wife hath prepared his dinner, pure meates purely dressed.
2002 J. Magness Archaeol. Qumran & Dead Sea Scrolls v. 87 Pure food and drink stored in sealed vessels in a house or building that became impure would have been rendered impure.
IV. As a general term of appreciation.
8.
a. slang. Fine, good, excellent, nice. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective]
faireOE
bremea1000
goodlyOE
goodfulc1275
noblec1300
pricec1300
specialc1325
gentlec1330
fine?c1335
singulara1340
thrivena1350
thriven and throa1350
gaya1375
properc1380
before-passinga1382
daintiful1393
principala1398
gradelya1400
burlyc1400
daintyc1400
thrivingc1400
voundec1400
virtuousc1425
hathelc1440
curiousc1475
singlerc1500
beautiful1502
rare?a1534
gallant1539
eximious1547
jolly1548
egregious?c1550
jellyc1560
goodlike1562
brawc1565
of worth1576
brave?1577
surprising1580
finger-licking1584
admirablea1586
excellinga1586
ambrosial1598
sublimated1603
excellent1604
valiant1604
fabulous1609
pure1609
starryc1610
topgallant1613
lovely1614
soaringa1616
twanging1616
preclarent1623
primea1637
prestantious1638
splendid1644
sterling1647
licking1648
spankinga1666
rattling1690
tearing1693
famous1695
capital1713
yrare1737
pure and —1742
daisy1757
immense1762
elegant1764
super-extra1774
trimming1778
grand1781
gallows1789
budgeree1793
crack1793
dandy1794
first rate1799
smick-smack1802
severe1805
neat1806
swell1810
stamming1814
divine1818
great1818
slap-up1823
slapping1825
high-grade1826
supernacular1828
heavenly1831
jam-up1832
slick1833
rip-roaring1834
boss1836
lummy1838
flash1840
slap1840
tall1840
high-graded1841
awful1843
way up1843
exalting1844
hot1845
ripsnorting1846
clipping1848
stupendous1848
stunning1849
raving1850
shrewd1851
jammy1853
slashing1854
rip-staving1856
ripping1858
screaming1859
up to dick1863
nifty1865
premier cru1866
slap-bang1866
clinking1868
marvellous1868
rorty1868
terrific1871
spiffing1872
all wool and a yard wide1882
gorgeous1883
nailing1883
stellar1883
gaudy1884
fizzing1885
réussi1885
ding-dong1887
jim-dandy1888
extra-special1889
yum-yum1890
out of sight1891
outasight1893
smooth1893
corking1895
large1895
super1895
hot dog1896
to die for1898
yummy1899
deevy1900
peachy1900
hi1901
v.g.1901
v.h.c.1901
divvy1903
doozy1903
game ball1905
goodo1905
bosker1906
crackerjack1910
smashinga1911
jake1914
keen1914
posh1914
bobby-dazzling1915
juicy1916
pie on1916
jakeloo1919
snodger1919
whizz-bang1920
wicked1920
four-star1921
wow1921
Rolls-Royce1922
whizz-bang1922
wizard1922
barry1923
nummy1923
ripe1923
shrieking1926
crazy1927
righteous1930
marvy1932
cool1933
plenty1933
brahmaa1935
smoking1934
solid1935
mellow1936
groovy1937
tough1937
bottler1938
fantastic1938
readyc1938
ridge1938
super-duper1938
extraordinaire1940
rumpty1940
sharp1940
dodger1941
grouse1941
perfecto1941
pipperoo1945
real gone1946
bosting1947
supersonic1947
whizzo1948
neato1951
peachy-keen1951
ridgey-dite1953
ridgy-didge1953
top1953
whizzing1953
badass1955
wild1955
belting1956
magic1956
bitching1957
swinging1958
ridiculous1959
a treat1959
fab1961
bad-assed1962
uptight1962
diggish1963
cracker1964
marv1964
radical1964
bakgat1965
unreal1965
pearly1966
together1968
safe1970
bad1971
brilliant1971
fabby1971
schmick1972
butt-kicking1973
ripper1973
Tiffany1973
bodacious1976
rad1976
kif1978
awesome1979
death1979
killer1979
fly1980
shiok1980
stonking1980
brill1981
dope1981
to die1982
mint1982
epic1983
kicking1983
fabbo1984
mega1985
ill1986
posho1989
pukka1991
lovely jubbly1992
awesomesauce2001
nang2002
bess2006
amazeballs2009
boasty2009
daebak2009
beaut2013
1609 B. Jonson Case is Alterd iii. sig. I2v Is not this pure ? View more context for this quotation
1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iii. 32 I was quiet enough, till my Husband told me, what pure lives, the London Ladies live abroad, with their dancing, meeting and junketings.
1695 W. Congreve Love for Love v. i. 81 O I have pure News, I can tell you pure News.
a1726 J. Vanbrugh Journey to London (1728) i. ii. 14 A slice of it [sc. goose pie] before Supper to-night would have been pure.
1747 D. Garrick Miss in her Teens ii. 18 The Door's double-lock'd, and I have the Key in my Pocket. Biddy. That's pure.
1888 W. E. Henley & R. L. Stevenson Deacon Brodie (rev. ed.) i. iii. 28 Oh, such manners are pure, pure, pure.
b. pure and —: very, truly; entirely, utterly. Cf. and conj.1 5. See also sense B. 1. Obsolete (regional in later use).With pure and well cf. sense A. 8c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective]
faireOE
bremea1000
goodlyOE
goodfulc1275
noblec1300
pricec1300
specialc1325
gentlec1330
fine?c1335
singulara1340
thrivena1350
thriven and throa1350
gaya1375
properc1380
before-passinga1382
daintiful1393
principala1398
gradelya1400
burlyc1400
daintyc1400
thrivingc1400
voundec1400
virtuousc1425
hathelc1440
curiousc1475
singlerc1500
beautiful1502
rare?a1534
gallant1539
eximious1547
jolly1548
egregious?c1550
jellyc1560
goodlike1562
brawc1565
of worth1576
brave?1577
surprising1580
finger-licking1584
admirablea1586
excellinga1586
ambrosial1598
sublimated1603
excellent1604
valiant1604
fabulous1609
pure1609
starryc1610
topgallant1613
lovely1614
soaringa1616
twanging1616
preclarent1623
primea1637
prestantious1638
splendid1644
sterling1647
licking1648
spankinga1666
rattling1690
tearing1693
famous1695
capital1713
yrare1737
pure and —1742
daisy1757
immense1762
elegant1764
super-extra1774
trimming1778
grand1781
gallows1789
budgeree1793
crack1793
dandy1794
first rate1799
smick-smack1802
severe1805
neat1806
swell1810
stamming1814
divine1818
great1818
slap-up1823
slapping1825
high-grade1826
supernacular1828
heavenly1831
jam-up1832
slick1833
rip-roaring1834
boss1836
lummy1838
flash1840
slap1840
tall1840
high-graded1841
awful1843
way up1843
exalting1844
hot1845
ripsnorting1846
clipping1848
stupendous1848
stunning1849
raving1850
shrewd1851
jammy1853
slashing1854
rip-staving1856
ripping1858
screaming1859
up to dick1863
nifty1865
premier cru1866
slap-bang1866
clinking1868
marvellous1868
rorty1868
terrific1871
spiffing1872
all wool and a yard wide1882
gorgeous1883
nailing1883
stellar1883
gaudy1884
fizzing1885
réussi1885
ding-dong1887
jim-dandy1888
extra-special1889
yum-yum1890
out of sight1891
outasight1893
smooth1893
corking1895
large1895
super1895
hot dog1896
to die for1898
yummy1899
deevy1900
peachy1900
hi1901
v.g.1901
v.h.c.1901
divvy1903
doozy1903
game ball1905
goodo1905
bosker1906
crackerjack1910
smashinga1911
jake1914
keen1914
posh1914
bobby-dazzling1915
juicy1916
pie on1916
jakeloo1919
snodger1919
whizz-bang1920
wicked1920
four-star1921
wow1921
Rolls-Royce1922
whizz-bang1922
wizard1922
barry1923
nummy1923
ripe1923
shrieking1926
crazy1927
righteous1930
marvy1932
cool1933
plenty1933
brahmaa1935
smoking1934
solid1935
mellow1936
groovy1937
tough1937
bottler1938
fantastic1938
readyc1938
ridge1938
super-duper1938
extraordinaire1940
rumpty1940
sharp1940
dodger1941
grouse1941
perfecto1941
pipperoo1945
real gone1946
bosting1947
supersonic1947
whizzo1948
neato1951
peachy-keen1951
ridgey-dite1953
ridgy-didge1953
top1953
whizzing1953
badass1955
wild1955
belting1956
magic1956
bitching1957
swinging1958
ridiculous1959
a treat1959
fab1961
bad-assed1962
uptight1962
diggish1963
cracker1964
marv1964
radical1964
bakgat1965
unreal1965
pearly1966
together1968
safe1970
bad1971
brilliant1971
fabby1971
schmick1972
butt-kicking1973
ripper1973
Tiffany1973
bodacious1976
rad1976
kif1978
awesome1979
death1979
killer1979
fly1980
shiok1980
stonking1980
brill1981
dope1981
to die1982
mint1982
epic1983
kicking1983
fabbo1984
mega1985
ill1986
posho1989
pukka1991
lovely jubbly1992
awesomesauce2001
nang2002
bess2006
amazeballs2009
boasty2009
daebak2009
beaut2013
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. xiv. 268 They [sc. hogs] were all pure and fat. View more context for this quotation
1769 W. Romaine Let. 27 Oct. (1795) xxvii. 122 I saw Lady H—— ——, who was pure and well.
1788 C. Smith Emmeline IV. xiv. 340 You would have been pure and happy, to drive about in a one horse chaise.
1838 W. Holloway Gen. Dict. Provincialisms 134/1 Pure, in good health; as ‘I am pure and well.’
1864 J. S. Le Fanu Uncle Silas II. viii. 127 Here's a stone that's pure and flat to sit upon.
1873 Timothy Towser 5 He wor puer an proud ovver ut, too.
c. Chiefly English regional. Well; in good health. Cf. purely adj.
ΚΠ
1839 G. C. Lewis Gloss. Words Herefordshire in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 650/1 My mistress gives her service to you and she is pure.
1854 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 9 527/1 The word pure is commonly used in Gloucestershire to express being in good health... ‘I hope, Zur, the ladies be all pure.’
a1903 W. F. Rose in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 650/1 [Somerset] ‘How b'ye?’ ‘Pure, thenkye.’
1988 J. Lavers Dict. Isle of Wight Dial. 66 Pure..well.
B. adv.See also Compounds 2.
1. Absolutely, entirely, thoroughly; very; just, really, truly. Now regional (chiefly U.S. and Scottish).Chiefly from sense A. 3b, but in 18th cent. colloquial use with admixture of sense A. 8b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb]
mid or with (‥) soothc888
soothfastlya890
soothfastc950
rightOE
yeaOE
soothlyOE
soothOE
trulyc1225
soothrightc1275
purec1300
verament1303
verily1303
purelyc1325
verimentc1325
indeedc1330
veirec1330
soothfully1340
faithlyc1350
of very (due) right?a1366
leallya1375
amenc1384
in soothnessc1386
verya1387
in certaina1400
truea1400
without(en) wougha1400
in veirec1400
in deedc1405
without famec1430
in veramentc1450
utterlyc1460
veritably1481
veritable1490
voirably1501
seriously1644
quite1736
quite1881
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > utterly
allOE
allOE
outlyOE
thwert-outc1175
skerea1225
thoroughc1225
downrightc1275
purec1300
purelyc1300
faira1325
finelyc1330
quitec1330
quitelyc1330
utterlyc1374
outerlya1382
plainlya1382
straighta1387
allutterly1389
starkc1390
oultrelya1393
plata1393
barec1400
outrightc1400
incomparablyc1422
absolutely?a1425
simpliciter?a1425
staringa1425
quitementa1450
properlyc1450
directly1455
merec1475
incomparable1482
preciselyc1503
clean?1515
cleara1522
plain1535
merely1546
stark1553
perfectly1555
right-down1566
simply1574
flat1577
flatly1577
skire1581
plumb1588
dead?1589
rankly1590
stark1593
sheera1600
start1599
handsmooth1600
peremptory1601
sheerly1601
rank1602
utter1619
point-blank1624
proofa1625
peremptorily1626
downrightly1632
right-down1646
solid1651
clever1664
just1668
hollow1671
entirely1673
blank1677
even down1677
cleverly1696
uncomparatively1702
subtly1733
point1762
cussed1779
regularly1789
unqualifiedly1789
irredeemably1790
positively1800
cussedly1802
heart1812
proper1816
slick1818
blankly1822
bang1828
smack1828
pluperfectly1831
unmitigatedly1832
bodaciously1833
unredeemedly1835
out of sight1839
bodacious1845
regular1846
thoroughly1846
ingrainedly1869
muckinga1880
fucking1893
motherless1898
self1907
stone1928
sideways1956
terminally1974
c1300 St. Kenelm (Laud) 259 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 352 (MED) Þat writ was puyr on Englisch i-write.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 3093 (MED) I wold socour hire..& pult hire out of þis peril in pure litel while.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 2499 (MED) Our ille dedys er pur ille wroght, Bot our gud dedis pur gud er noght.
1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) sig. Hi/1 It is pure easy..to folow god and serue hym in tyme of tranquylite.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxvij This yere [1522] departed Reucline, a pure aged man [L. aetate gravis].
1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 23 Sept. (1948) I. 28 Ballygall will be a pure good place for air.
1750 L. Bushe in M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 548 Your amiable and worthy sister is pure well.
1810 Splendid Follies I. 78 The course will be pure swampy in some parts.
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 183Pure well’ is very well.
1901 ‘M. E. Francis’ Pastorals of Dorset 269 I be pure sorry they Boers haven't a-done it for en.
1928 J. M. Peterkin Scarlet Sister Mary iii. 27 My jaws pure leak water just to look at em.
1932 W. Faulkner Light in August xv. 332 He was pure crazy by now, standing on the corner and yelling at whoever would pass.
1967 N. Mailer Why are we in Vietnam? v. 83 He inquires after Big Ollie's second gun, knowing pure well there is only the Remington 721.
1993 I. Welsh Trainspotting 71 Lizzy tells us that she pure fancies going to the pictures to see The Accused.
2. Qualifying an adjective of colour (chiefly white): purely, with no admixture of any other colour. Not always clearly distinguishable from the adjective when pure white is used attributively and the adjective might easily modify the noun, as pure white rose, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adverb] > pure or clear
purec1325
purely1509
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 182 So clene & vair & pur ȝwit [v.r. purwyt] among oþere men hit [read hij; v.r. heo; a1400 Trin. Cambr. hij] beþ.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 259/2 Pure white sylke, soye bissine.
1594 R. Barnfield Affectionate Shepheard ii. xxxix. sig. Di For pure white the Lilly beares the Bell.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. iii. 21 In pure white Robes Like very sanctity she did approach. View more context for this quotation
a1618 J. Sylvester New-polished Spectacles in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 1183 The Lilly (first) pure-whitest Flowr of any.
1688 H. Walker tr. C. Gallus in J. Barker Poet. Recreations ii. 220 Her pure white Hair around her shoulders spread.
1710 A. Philips Pastorals i. 5 A Lambkin too, pure white.
1777 H. Mackenzie Julia de Roubigné I. xvi. 167 Her bosom looked as pure white as the driven snow.
1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 8 July in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 367 The spaces between..is marked by ranges of pure white circular spots.
1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 256 Gold is distinguished by its pure yellow colour.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 780/1 Others are pure white or of varying shades of yellow or green.
1922 Endocrinology 6 222 A litter of eight pure black rats.
2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory v. 389 The Holy Ghost, depicted as a pure white dove in many medieval paintings.
3. Purely (in various senses); simply, merely; rightly; chastely. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adverb] > without flaw, corruption, damage, etc.
scathelya1375
purea1500
inviolatelya1513
purely1537
with (the) safety of?1560
untaintedly1611
immaculately1620
pluperfectly1831
scathelessly1844
faultlessly1856
unaccusably1859
specklessly1862
impeccably1874
flawlessly1884
flecklessly1891
society > morality > virtue > purity > [adverb]
cleanlyc1200
shirelyc1230
purely?a1425
undefiledly1548
sincerely1578
unspottedly1598
purea1616
immaculately1620
intemeratelya1631
spotlesslya1671
stainlessly1882
the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adverb] > simply, only, or merely
butOE
onlya1325
alone?c1335
purelya1375
alonelya1400
nobbuta1400
simplya1400
plain1535
barely1577
merelyc1580
purea1616
singly1655
just1668
sommer1835
maara1931
a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum 590 in Poems (1899) 69 (MED) A kynge shude be right besy and studious To gouerne his Roiaulme & his people pure.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 79 For his sake, Did I expose my selfe (pure for his loue) Into the danger. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Hamlet (1623) iii. iv. 149 O throw away the worser part of it, And liue the purer with the other halfe.
C. n.
1. That which is pure; purity. Obsolete (poetic in later use). [In quots. a13821 and a13822 rendering post-classical Latin ad purum purely (4th cent.), lit. ‘to the pure’ (classical Latin pūrum, use as noun of neuter of pūrus, is only attested denoting a clear, unclouded sky).]
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > that which is pure
purea1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings xiv. 10 I schal clensen þe relikes of þe hous of Jeroboam, as is wont to ben clensyd muc vn to þe pure [a1425 L.V. til to the purete, ether clennesse; L. usque ad purum].
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. i. 25 I shal sethen out to þe pure [a1425 L.V. to the cleene; L. ad purum] þi dros.
1593 T. Lodge in R. S. Phœnix Nest 50 Hir eies shrowd pitie, pietie, and pure.
1662 K. Evans & S. Chevers Short Relation Cruel Sufferings 60 That is the Enemies opportunity to step in..and to vail the pure, and darken the understanding.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 627 Union of Pure with Pure. View more context for this quotation
1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country ii. 117 How heaven's own pure may seem To blush.
1874 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien (new ed.) in Wks. VI. 10 The mask of pure Worn by this court.
1898 G. Meredith Odes French Hist. 6 Earth's warrior Best To win Heaven's Pure.
2.
a. With the. Pure people as a class; those people considered or considering themselves to be untainted by immorality.
ΚΠ
c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 31 (MED) Þe gude folke þat are in religion..are sothefastly pure, and þairs es þe Ioye of heuen, For þat es the benyson of þe pure.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Titus i. 15 Unto the pure are all thynges pure.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Psalms xviii Pure to the pure, thou deal'st with the crooked crookedly.
a1627 (a1598) A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) lxiii. 103 Quhat Justice sauld! vhat pilling of the pure!
1721 R. Blackmore New Version Psalms i. 2 The Wicked cannot..enter..Th' Assembly of the Pure.
?1805 S. T. Coleridge Ad Vilmum Axiologum in Poems No. 189. 392 List! the Hearts of the Pure, like caves in the ancient mountains.
1895 G. Allen Woman who Did vii. 80 Herminia, for her part, never discovered she was talked about. To the pure all things are pure.
1914 B. Tarkington Penrod v. 31 I am the purest of the pure. I have but kindest thoughts each day.
1992 Economist 22 Feb. 64/1 Sikhs want an independent homeland called Khalistan, or land of the Pure.
b. A genuine person. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > sincerity, freedom from deceit > [noun] > sincere person
Honest John1855
straight goods1892
pure1924
straight arrow1969
1924 W. M. Raine Troubled Waters xix. 201 You-all are losing a better man than Missie ever had. He's a pure, Mac is.
3. ‘Pured’ fur: see pured n., purray n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of squirrel
strandlingc1299
vaira1300
miniverc1300
calaber1362
pured miniver1379
purray1429
pured?1435
squirrel1436
pople1493
pure1512
amice1548
squirrel1827
1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 215 For lyning of the said Tanne weluus goune within with puyr.
4. slang. A kept mistress. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > illicit intimacy > person > a mistress
chevesea700
wifeOE
bed-sister1297
concubine1297
leman1297
file1303
speciala1400
womanc1400
chamberer?a1425
mistress?a1439
cousin1470
doxy?1515
doll1560
pinnacea1568
nobsya1575
lier-by1583
sweetheart1589
she-friend1600
miss1606
underput1607
concupy1609
lig-by1610
factoress1611
leveret1617
night-piece1621
belly-piece1632
dolly1648
lie-bya1656
madamc1660
small girl1671
natural1674
convenient1676
lady of the lake1678
pure1688
tackle1688
sultana1703
kind girl1712
bosom-slave1728
pop1785
chère amie1792
fancy-woman1819
hetaera1820
fancy-piece1821
poplolly1821
secondary wife1847
other woman1855
fancy-girl1892
querida1902
wifelet1983
1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia ii. i. 32 Where's..the Blowing, that is to be my Natural, my Convenient, my Pure.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Pure, a Mistress.
5. Medicine. Originally: a surgeon or physician who does not dispense medication. In later use: a hospital surgeon; a consultant surgeon. Cf. sense A. 2e. Obsolete (historical in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > specialist > [noun]
pure1827
specialist1839
1827 Lancet 15 Dec. 434/2 Do the Pures profess a kind of surgery in the abstract?
1843 J. Paget Let. 19 Dec. in Mem. & Lett. (1901) vi. 148 The election of the pures in London was not I am told general. [Editor's note, 1901] The ‘pures’ were the surgeons in consulting practice.
1881 Lancet 10 Dec. 1021/1 The ‘pure’ foreseeing that in paying much attention to one organ there would be a natural tendency to forget the rest of the body,..did not fail to point this out... It was a mixture of these two feelings which led the older ‘pures’ to exclaim..against special practice and to cause them to treat all special practitioners as ‘specialists’.
6. Also pewer, puer. Tanning. Canine or other faeces used as an alkaline lye in which to steep hides. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > other leather-making materials
sabrasc1480
stuff1812
pure1842
bran-drench1883
moellon1897
sig1897
plumper1903
1842 Penny Mag. May 212/1 A solution called the ‘pure’ or the ‘pewer’ (having never seen the word written.., we must spell it as pronounced) is prepared in a large vessel, and into this the skins are immersed.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 142/1 Dogs'-dung is called ‘Pure’, from its cleansing and purifying properties.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xxviii. 775 In the case of soft pliable leathers, another process is also used, before passing on to the tanning. This is known as the Puer or Bates Process, and consists in soaking, in a warm mixture of water and dog's or bird's dung, for two or three days.
1946 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VII. 264/2 Modern artificial bates have replaced almost completely the older ‘dung bate’ or puer, an infusion of dog- or, less often, pigeon-dung.
7. slang (originally U.S.). Unadulterated or uncut heroin or (sometimes) cocaine.
ΚΠ
1955 in Illicit Narcotics Traffic (U.S. Senate Comm. on Judiciary) (1956) vii. 2409 I think an ounce of pure cost about a hundred dollars then.
1967 ‘Iceberg Slim’ Pimp iv. 79 Musta' shot some ‘pure’, cause a lookout on the sidewalk heard him mumble before he croaked. ‘Well kiss my dead mammy's ass if this ain't the best “smack” I ever shot.’
1986 ‘E. McBain’ Cinderella v. 68 Two kilos of pure, that was a bit more than seventy ounces.
1992 Guardian 28 Mar. (Weekend Suppl.) 10/4 I am re-packaging six ounces of Columbian pure for the scousers who are due any minute.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the adjective.
a.
pure-bosomed adj.
ΚΠ
1800 W. Cowper Poems (new ed.) I. 315 Blessing and blest where'er she goes, Pure-bosom'd as that wat'ry glass, And heav'n reflected in her face.
1852 Ladies Repository Jan. 40/2 She who does otherwise, does that which no high-aiming, pure-bosomed female could do—she pollutes her marriage vow.
2004 Jrnl. Ecumenical Stud. (Nexis) 1 Jan. Mary became selfless, and in this selflessness she said, ‘I will leap into God's protection’, because that pure-bosomed one could take herself to the Unseen.
pure-coloured adj.
ΚΠ
1721 C. K. Art's Master-piece (ed. 5) ii. i. 88 When 'tis pure colour'd work it as you please.
1891 W. Morris News from Nowhere xxi. 158 I looked around my little sleeping chamber and saw the pale but pure-coloured figures painted on the plaster of the wall.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 509/1 When one of these albinoes is bred with a pure coloured individual, a mixed offspring will appear in the first generation.
1993 Metrop. Mus. Jrnl. 28 188 The young artist also turned to bolder pure-colored wet-wash practices as a model.
pure-eyed adj.
ΚΠ
1637 J. Milton Comus 8 O welcome pure-ey'd Faith, white-handed Hope..And thou unblemish't forme of Chastitie.
1793 W. Kendall Poems 47 Lo! pure-eyed virtue lends her aid To celebrate a spotless maid.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. x. 202 The tall pure-eyed girl before him, was, young though she was, already in the fight with evil.
1931 Weekly Kansas City (Missouri) Star 10 June 6/3 ‘I believe you’, said Belinda, pure-eyed and trustful, ‘yet there is something, something that you are keeping from me’.
1997 Guardian (Nexis) 19 June 19 The pure-eyed battles these people couldn't refrain from fighting.
pure-mannered adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1863 W. M. Thackeray Miscellanies (1877) IV. 530/1 The most spotless, pure-mannered darling of a princess that ever married a heartless debauchee of a Prince Royal.
pure-natured adj.
ΚΠ
1855 W. Bagehot Coll. Wks. (1965) I. 319 They are emphatically pure~natured and firm-natured. Instinctively casting aside the coarse temptations and crude excitements of a vulgar earth, [etc.].
1913 J. Masefield Daffodil Fields 12 Gentle she seemed, pure-natured, thoughtful, wise.
2002 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 5 May 14 [Vautrin's] sanctification of his women characters, be they tarts with hearts..[or] pure-natured factory girls ravished by the bourgeoisie.
pure-sighted adj.
ΚΠ
1596 E. Spenser Hymne Heauenly Loue in Fowre Hymnes 276 All earthes glorie..[will] Seeme durt and drosse in thy pure-sighted eye.
1638 R. Brathwait Psalmes of David 28 Just therefore, as my Justice stands, the Lord to mee supplies: Rewards the purenesse of my hands in his pure-sighted eies.
1898 Nebraska State Jrnl. 23 Jan. 13/1 We are made to see the world—that is, her world—through her eyes, which are perfectly pure-sighted... Her child-soul remains unsullied.
1997 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 19 Oct. 7 He became known as a recluse, his ‘appearance’ in poetry pure-sighted and merciless.
pure-souled adj.
ΚΠ
1830 E. Duros Derwentwater I. 155 Has thy pure souled loyalty led only to this reward?
1898 R. Kipling Day's Work 78 He ain't any high-toned, pure-souled child o' nature.
1910 F. M. Ford Let. 28 Oct. (1965) 45 When you—the unscrupulous villain and I, the pure-souled Idealist join forces how that dovecote will flutter!
2006 Guardian (Nexis) 7 Jan. (Review section) 7 There are few heroes in it,..none of Kafka's own pure-souled sufferers; everyone is stained, contaminated, implicated.
pure-toned adj.
ΚΠ
1831 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 91 She has the strong sense, the quiet energy, the pure-toned feeling, the absence of affectation,..which would secure the highest esteem and admiration in real life.
1927 Musical Times 68 269/2 This happy body of choralists has established a well-merited reputation for balanced and pure-toned singing.
1993 Classic CD Oct. 62/4 Surprisingly pure-toned for Debussy, her performance..is refreshing.
b.
pure-breeding n. and adj. (a) n. the production of genetically similar progeny (cf. pure-bred adj.); (b) adj. producing genetically similar progeny.
ΚΠ
1903 Biometrika 2 171 This does not help us to decide whether the relative inability to transmit whiteness is due to in-breeding or pure-breeding.
1922 R. C. Punnett Mendelism (ed. 6) ix. 88 The cock in a pure breeding strain of Plymouth Rocks is homozygous for the barring factor.
1964 D. Michie in G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. viii. 206 Griffith injected mice with living pneumococci of a pure-breeding strain lacking the polysaccharide capsule characteristic of most members of this species.
1990 Dogworld Aug. 109/2 Pure breeding is fine when things are going well, but disastrous when inbred faults such as weak hindquarters are being perpetuated.
pure-cone adj. Zoology (of an animal, or its eye or retina) having only cones as photoreceptors.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having an eye or eyes > having cones as photoreceptors
pure-cone1932
1932 Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer. 5 69/1 The pure-cone reptilian eye not being subject to dazzle at ordinary intensities is served quite well by a round pupil, while a rod-and-cone eye such as that of the rattlesnake must have an elliptical pupil.
1962 Science Survey 3 243 One of the American ground squirrels, one of the few mammalian species known to have a pure-cone retina and to be strongly diurnal.
1997 Vision Res. 37 1867 In the pure-cone American chameleon retina, all visual opsins including rod opsin are expressed.
pure culture n. Microbiology a culture in which only one strain or clone is present.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > culture or medium
culture1880
blood culture1881
cultivation1881
culture medium1883
pure culture1883
agar1885
broth1885
subculture1885
tube-culture1886
bouillon1887
stab-culture1889
streak culture1892
blood agar1893
microculture1893
shake culture1894
streak plate1895
broth culture1897
slant1899
plating1900
stock culture1903
touch preparation1908
tissue culture1912
plaque1924
slope1925
agar-agar1929
isolate1931
MacConkey1938
auxanogram1949
lawn1951
monolayer1952
replica plate1952
1883 Science 23 Nov. 677/1 A decision of the question..can only be settled experimentally by collecting the bacteria from the diseased tissue, breeding them by ‘pure culture’, and then reproducing the disease by infection experiments on animals.
1930 Forestry 4 66 It seemed possible..that pure culture experiments..might also yield some information..on the origin of the mycorrhizal habit in trees.
1997 Appl. & Environmental Microbiol. 63 4097/2 This is the first report on the isolation and characterization of a pure culture of bacteria capable of mineralizing TCP and using it as a sole source of carbon and energy.
pure ego n. Philosophy and Psychology (chiefly in phenomenological thought) the essential, transcendental self that exists prior to, and is unchanged by, experience.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > states of consciousness > superconsciousness > [noun] > transcendental self
pure ego1851
1851 J. J. G. Wilkinson Human Body 283 Those who attach themselves to the ‘pure Ego’ as having an independent life in itself.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. x. 296 By the Spiritual Self, so far as it belongs to the Empirical Me, I mean a man's inner or subjective being, his psychic faculties or dispositions, taken concretely; not the bare principle of personal Unity, or ‘pure’ Ego.
1931 W. R. B. Gibson tr. E. Husserl Ideas ii. ii. 145 The thesis of my pure Ego and its personal life which is ‘necessary’ and plainly indubitable, thus stands opposed to the thesis of the world which is contingent.
1961 G. W. Allport Devel. of Personality vi. 129 Kant argued that..the knowing self is just there, a transcendental or pure ego.
1974 G. L. Breckon tr. A. de Muralt Idea of Phenomenol. §52. 328 The pure ego is therefore the subject of transcendental constitution, the ego pole of intentionality, the centre and point of departure of every intentional function.
1998 Critical Inq. 25 29 No soul, no pure ego, no extrapolated physical presence that would testify to a person's unique, unreplicable identity.
pure food n. (also Pure Food) attributive of, relating to, or concerned with the promotion of food that is free from preservatives, colouring, or other additives, or cultivated without the use of chemical fertilizers (cf. organic adj. 8c).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > pure or organic
pure food1894
organic1960
1894 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Apr. 267 Senator Paddock, of Nebraska..after years of futile struggle, succeeded in having the Senate pass what is known as the Pure Food Bill.
1913 Collier's Weekly 16 Aug. 24/2 The clubwomen of Idaho are banded together to have their State known as a pure-food State.
1923 P. G. Wodehouse Inimitable Jeeves xvi. 214 I was feeling more or less like something the Pure Food Committee had rejected.
1969 ‘I. Drummond’ Man with Tiny Head xiv. 161 He was..a pure-food fanatic with a hatred of chemical fertilisers.
2000 A. Cooper & L. M. Holmes Bitter Harvest i. 15 A pure food law introduced to Congress in 1889 was virtually laughed off the floor.
pure-hearted adj. and n. (a) adj.pure of heart; (b) n.(with the) pure-hearted people as a class.
ΚΠ
1613 W. Leighton Teares or Lament. 155 All yee that are pure hearted men, in great [printed grear] Iehouah, still reioyce.
1702 L. Echard Gen. Eccl. Hist. i. iv. 67 To the Pure-hearted, who shou'd see God.
1813 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) III. 461 Two virtuous, pure-hearted..Women.
1832 J. G. Whittier in S. T. Pickard Life & Lett. J. G. Whittier (1894) I. iii. 108 Those who o'er our tarnished honor grieve..the pure-hearted and the gifted.
1927 V. Woolf To Lighthouse i. iv. 39 Praise would be an insult to you; generous, pure-hearted, heroic man!
1994 Film Comment Sept.–Oct. 63/1 Her independent, pally-aggressive, tarnished but purehearted heroine.
1996 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 1 Feb. 8/3 The simple-minded (as they used to be more accurately called) are also the pure-hearted.
pure-jet adj. and n. Aeronautics (a) adj. designating engines, aircraft, etc., in which all thrust is provided directly by the exhaust jet, without the assistance of fans or propellers; (b) n. a pure-jet engine or aircraft.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > having jet or turbo-jet engines
multi-jet1910
pure-jet1944
turbojet1945
twin-jet1946
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [adjective] > types of jet engine
ramjet1942
pure-jet1944
propeller turbine1945
turbojet1945
turbopropeller1947
fan-lift1961
reheated1961
1944 Times 26 May 2/1 There were three possible lines of development—the pure jet propulsion turbine unit, the combined jet and airscrew turbine unit, and the composite piston engine-turbine unit.
1951 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 Oct. 59/2 Certainly, the pure jet does land a little ‘hotter’ than the propeller plane.
1960 C. H. Gibbs-Smith Aeroplane xvi. 127 Turboprop engines are ideal for commercial airliners whose operations take them too far from the optimum conditions of altitude and speed necessary for the economic use of the pure jet.
1986 Aviation News July 177/1 As far back as 25 July 1949, more than a year before hopes of the pure-jet XF-88 were dashed, [etc.].
pure line n. and adj. [after German reine Linie ( W. Johannsen Ueber Erblichkeit in Populationen u. in reinen Linien (1903) 9)] Genetics and Agriculture (a) n. an inbred line of descent; (b) adj. belonging to such a line.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > descent from common ancestor > inbreeding > inbred line
pure line1903
1903 New Phytologist 2 236 These passages give the aim of Professor Johannsen's work, viz. the elucidation of the statistical laws of heredity for the race by the study of the corresponding laws for the ‘pure line’, i.e. the posterity of a single self-fertilised individual.
1932 Discovery Oct. 320/2 In the cotton industry we have the magnificent succession of ‘pure lines’ particularly in the Egyptian cottons.
1965 ‘Lauchmonen’ Old Thom's Harvest i. 5 When I get my credit-bank money to buy pure-line seeds them ricefields gwine be planted again.
2004 Jrnl. Animal Sci. 82 1902/1 The advantages of crossbred pigs over pure line pigs were substantial for all traits.
pure-minded adj. having a pure mind, pure of mind.
ΚΠ
1789 H. Mustafa tr. Ghulam Husain Khan Sëir Mutaqharin I. 452 The merits of my pure-minded [Persian pākīza-nafas] and immaculate bodied..ancestors.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III vi, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 245/1 The most sublime, religious, Pure-minded Poet.
1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker iii. 43 To be pure-minded, to be patriotic, to get culture and money with both hands and with the same irrational fervour.
1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 664/1 The pure-minded novice drove the temptress from his room.
2006 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 11 Feb. e1 The pure-minded do-gooder types who inhabit the colourful, idealized New York of Damon Runyon's short stories.
pure-mindedness n. the quality of being pure-minded; purity of mind.
ΚΠ
1799 tr. I. Kant Ess. & Treat. II. 385 Whoever possesses such a pure mindedness [Ger. lautere Gesinnung] as is required, is certain that he never can fall so low as to be once more in love with the bad.
1863 M. Arnold in Fraser's Mag. Jan. 49/2 Treasures..of pure-mindedness.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. vii. 135 He might have put a reluctant faith in the puremindedness of these aspirations, without reverting to her origin.
2000 Weekly Standard (Nexis) 7 Feb. 4 Where, after all, does one send a child to educate her in bravery and pure-mindedness?
pure play n. Stock Market and Business (chiefly U.S.) a company that focuses exclusively on one particular market or commodity; (now also) a company whose products are available only via the internet.
ΚΠ
1969 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 June 33 For more aggressive investors, Loeb-Rhoades choices in the field are Monroe Auto Equipment and Midas International (over-the-counter). These..companies are viewed as the ‘pure plays’ in the field.
1996 Computer Reseller News 1 July 31/2 We're the only large pure play on the Internet or intranet that actually has revenue profits.
2000 Wired Apr. (Special Advt. section) How many people can name more than a couple of ‘pure play’ ecommerce sites (businesses without a bricks-and-mortar component) that are actually turning a profit?
2003 D. L. Scott Wall St. Words (ed. 3) 295 An investor who believes that snowmobiles are the wave of the future will search for a pure play in snowmobiles.
pure-relational adj. Linguistics (now rare) designating an element that describes a relationship between objects which is part of the basic structure of the grammar of a language, e.g. a case of a noun; (also) designating a language rich in or characterized by such forms.
ΚΠ
1921 E. Sapir Lang. v. 107 Pure Relational Concepts (purely abstract): normally expressed by affixing non-radical elements to radical elements..or by their inner modification, by independent words, or by position; serve to relate the concrete elements of the proposition to each other, thus giving it definite syntactic form.
1921 E. Sapir Lang. vi. 145 Languages that keep the syntactic relations pure and that do not possess the power to modify the significance of their radical elements by means of affixes or internal changes. We may call these Pure-relational non~deriving languages or, more tersely, Simple Pure-relational languages. These are the languages that cut most to the bone of linguistic expression.
1944 R. A. Hall Hungarian Gram. (Language Monograph No. 21) 22 There are three fundamental types of suffixes which are added to substantives: derivational (the plural suffix), concrete-relational (the personal possessive suffixes, expressing ownership of the object denoted by the noun, on the part of the person indicated by the suffix), and pure-relational (twenty suffixes, including the accusative, whose addition gives the substantive adverbial function).
1963 N. N. Poppe Tatar Man. ii. 34 Pure-relational suffixes are added to the concrete-relational (possessive) suffixes... The pure-relational suffixes serve to denote the relations between an object and other objects or between an object and an action. The system of pure-relational forms is what is commonly called ‘declension’.
pure-rod adj. Zoology (of an animal, or its eye or retina) having only rods as photoreceptors.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having an eye or eyes > having rods as photoreceptors
pure-rod1932
1932 G. L. Walls in Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer. 5 69/1 The pure-rod eye sometimes has a pupil which is capable of absolute closure, as in many geckoes.
1962 Science Survey 3 242 In ‘pure-rod’ eyes the retinal structure is always the limiting factor for visual acuity and in these eyes it is always poor.
1992 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 6841 In spite of the pure-rod morphology of the photoreceptor cells, the biochemical properties of P521 and P467 resemble those of iodopsin (the chicken red-sensitive cone visual pigment) and rhodopsin.
pure villeinage n. [after post-classical Latin villenagium purum (from 13th cent. in British legal sources), Middle French pure vilenage (1496 or earlier in the passage translated in quot. c1523)] Medieval History a form of villeinage in which the terms of service were not specified or limited, as distinguished from privileged villeinage.
ΚΠ
c1523 J. Rastell tr. Tenuris sig. Aiiiv/2 To hold in pure villennage [Fr. en pure vilenage] is to do all that the lord wyll hym commaunde.
1787 W. Muchall in tr. C. Saint German Doctor & Student (ed. 17) ii. xviii. 157 (note) While they perform the services which that custom imposes upon them, (light and easy as they are compared with the drudgery of pure villeinage in its orginal state).
1857 Times 26 Dec. 9/2 The relation, which had orginally been that of ‘privileged villenage’, was thus soon converted here and there into ‘pure villenage’.
1991 R. J. Steinfeld Invention Free Labor iv. 120 Apprenticeship, the form of English service that involved binding for long years and that earlier commentators had described as most like pure villeinage.
C2. Combinations of the adverb with past participles.
pure-driven adj.
ΚΠ
1875 H. Ellison Stones from Quarry 311 Hiding all his failings as pure driven, Unsullied snow the stains on gravestones does.
1919 Ogden (Utah) Standard 24 June 5 It will eat away all stains and leave your tub as white as pure driven snow.
1988 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 7 Sept. a4 A wonderously woven sling [sc. sling-back shoe] in tan or pure driven white.
pure-living adj.
ΚΠ
a1869 R. Leighton Reuben & other Poems (1875) ii. ii. 59 The cock that crows up all pure-living things, Warns us, like guilty spectres, to our lairs.
1896 Abp. Benson in Nat. Church Feb. 51/2 Pray we for a temperate, a pure-living people.
2006 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 2 Apr. (You Mag.) 32 She's restrained enough only to smoke one and politely asks permission, first while sipping on an antioxidant green tea. Quite a yin-and-yang combination, albeit still not one that would meet with her pure-living parents' approval.
pure-washed adj.
ΚΠ
a1729 E. Taylor Poems (1960) 333 A flock of pure Washt Sheep more white.
1802 R. Bloomfield Rural Tales 76 On the pure-wash'd sand.
1993 Taste Aug.–Sept. 55/2 The espresso experts..warn against using pure washed arabicas in a blend.
C3. Objective compounds of the noun (in sense C. 6).
pure collector n.
ΚΠ
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 142/2 There are about 30 tanyards..and these all have their regular Pure collectors.
2006 Express (Nexis) 24 Apr. 43 We might never know the misery endured by the Pure Collector, who collected dog dirt from the streets and sold it to leather-makers.
pure-finder n.
ΚΠ
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 142/1 The name of ‘Pure-finders’..has been applied to the men engaged in collecting dogs'-dung from the..streets.
1961 Times 17 Aug. 11/2 There is perhaps some Schadenfreude involved in reading about all those orphans and mudlarks and pure-finders.
2005 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 30 Oct. h7 She is particularly informative about the working poor whose livelihood depended on the sewers—the ‘flushers’ and ‘gangers’, ‘toshers’ and ‘pure finders’, who survived by (literally) paddling through the leavings of others.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

purev.

Brit. /pjʊə/, /pjɔː/, U.S. /pjʊ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English ipurrid (past participle), Middle English powre, Middle English pury (south-eastern), Middle English puyr, Middle English–1600s 1800s– pure, 1900s– puer (in sense 3).
Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: pure adj.; French purer.
Etymology: Either < pure adj. or < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French purer to purify, cleanse (end of the 12th cent.; French purer , now regional) < classical Latin pūrāre to purify (with religious rites) < pūrus pure adj. Compare purify v.In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
1. transitive. To make pure, purify; to cleanse; to refine, remove impurities from. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > remove impurities from [verb (transitive)]
mereeOE
spurge1303
fine1340
sendre1340
purea1350
purgec1350
purifya1398
depurea1400
clarifyc1430
expurge1483
defecatec1487
subtiliate1551
refine?1572
neatify1581
distil1599
sublimate1601
sweeten1601
depurate1620
infresh1635
lustre1645
lustrate1653
freshen1710
chasten1715
epurate1799
enchastena1806
dispollute1862
a1350 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 65 Ȝef thin asure..nis noht fin, tac i-tempret gleyr ant cast therto..whan hit is wel i-puret ant the gleyr i-hald out clene, thenne cast therto thi gummet-water ant writ.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 135 Westerne wyndis beþ most holsom..in þe ende of þe day, ffor þanne þe sonne is in þe west and pureþ [L. depurat] & clensiþ þe wyndes.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 149 Pissemyres..pures [?a1425 Titus þei fynen] þe gold and disseuerez þe fyne gold fra þe vnfyne.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 25 (MED) Þe nutritif blood of þe Cristallyn humour passynge þoruȝ him, as watir þoruȝ a sponge, schulde be purid & clarified.
?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 44 Take the ius of tansy and hony y-puyryd, of ayþer y-lyche moche, and meld hym to-gedre.
1526 Grete Herball ccxxxvii. sig. Oiv/1 Also there is that of syluer, and there is lytarge that is commely vsed and that is of tynne, whiche whan tynne is pured, it is made of the same vayne that tynne is.
1581 T. Howell His Deuises sig. G.iij As fyre by heate the Golde doth fine and pure.
1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells v. 242 The Light, pur'd and refin'd.
1654 J. Mennes Recreation for Ingenious Head-peeces sig. T8 The Gold that's try'd from drosse is pur'd.
2. transitive. To make morally or spiritually pure; to purify or free (a person, oneself) from sin. Obsolete.In quot. c1350 apparently intransitive, but the syntax is unclear and the text probably corrupt.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > purity > become pure [verb (intransitive)]
purec1350
purify1852
society > morality > virtue > purity > make pure [verb (transitive)]
cleansec897
shire?c1225
clengea1300
purge1340
purec1350
purifya1393
whitena1400
sprinkle1526
refine1594
simplify1609
sublime1613
purgate1795
revirginize1852
bleach1868
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 3 (MED) Aldey he to senne falleþ, Her ne moȝe nauȝt pury Of serewnessche.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 291 (MED) Þe soule may not knowe þe cheef causes of þinges but whan he is pured [L. depurata].
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1116 (MED) Þou may schyne þurȝ schryfte..And pure þe with penaunce.
c1440 (?a1396) W. Hilton in G. G. Perry Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 18 Þat saule þat es purede in þe fyre of lufe of Godd.
a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum 90 in Poems (1899) 46 (MED) Ye must pure youre selfe fyrst withoute blame.
?1542 E. Gosynhyll Prayse of all Women sig. Biiiv God the woman create Of thynge thus pured.
1608 T. Middleton Familie of Love (new ed.) iii. sig. D4 Jf you be vncleane..you may pure your selfe.
3. transitive. Tanning. To soak (hide) in a suspension of canine or other faeces. Cf. pure n. 6. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > steep hides
lime1561
sumac1792
master1841
pure1842
bate1875
1842 Penny Mag. May 212/1 After being ‘pured’ for some time, the skins are taken out and scraped well.
1883 Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 366/2 They [sc. calf-skins] are then unhaired and fleshed in the usual manner, pured with a bate of dog's dung.
1913 D. J. Law in G. Martin Industr. & Manuf. Chem.: Organic xix. 580 The goods are then ‘puered’, which operation consists in paddling in a weak warm infusion of fermented dog-dung.
1930 H. F. Smith & W. L. Obold Industr. Microbiol. xv. 127 The skins are washed and then bated or pured.

Derivatives

ˈpuring n. Tanning (now historical) the action or process of puring hide.
ΚΠ
1885 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather xvii. 335 The operation of immersing hides and skins intended for the manufacture of..pliable leathers, in an alkaline solution consisting of the dung of chickens, pigeons, dogs, or in bran water..is termed either ‘bating,’ ‘abating,’ ‘grainering,’ ‘reducing,’ ‘drenching,’ or ‘puring.’
1907 Cambr. Mod. Hist. Prospectus 100 Bating or puring as it is called, is a process by which all but a very small amount of the natural grease is removed from the skin.
1972 Materials & Technol. V. xii. 401 Puering and bating assist in the removal of short hairs, lime soaps, and cementing substances in the skin.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.adv.n.c1300v.a1350
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