| 释义 |
puckn.1 Origin: Probably a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Probably cognate with Old Icelandic púki mischievous demon, the Devil, Faroese púki , Norwegian (originally and chiefly regional) puke devil, evil spirit, mischievous person, Old Swedish puke devil, evil spirit (Swedish (now chiefly regional) puke evil spirit, devil, goblin), Old Danish puge evil spirit (Danish puge goblin (now regional, and almost exclusively in the compound nissepuge , in the same sense)), further etymology uncertain; a connection ultimately with the Germanic base of poke n.1 has frequently been suggested. The Old Icelandic word has frequently been considered a loan from English, but the wide distribution of cognate forms in other Scandinavian languages and the range of meanings they show make this unlikely. Compare Welsh pwca , pwci (1773; < English), Irish púca (1676 or earlier; 16th cent. or earlier in place names; < a Scandinavian language or English; compare pooka n.). Compare puckle n., and perhaps also later poker n.3, pug n.2 6, pixie n.: see discussion at those entries. It is unclear if there is any connection with bug n.1, bog n.2, bogy n.1, all of which are first attested later.The β. forms show shortening of the vowel. Frequently attested in place names, chiefly in southern England, as Pucanwylle (now lost; c1175 in a late copy of a grant of land at Weston, Somerset, made in 946), Pokefeld (c1190; now Pock Field, Cambridgeshire), Pucehole (a1200; near Bodiam, Sussex; now lost), Pucanwylle (now lost; a1300 in a late copy of grant of land at Bexhill, Sussex, made in 772), Pukpole (1232; Wiltshire, now lost), Pucherugge (1294; now Puckeridge, Hertfordshire), Poukemede (a1300; Devon; now lost), Pokshudde (1332; now Puckshot Farm, Surrey), etc. It seems that to the Anglo-Saxons, streams, springs, pools, hollows, fields, hills—in fact topographical features of any kind—might be seen as the home of evil spirits. The relative frequency of such names in Sussex (admittedly, based on evidence that is not available for all parts of southern England) led A. Mawer and F. M. Stenton to comment that the county ‘was goblin-haunted to an extent without parallel elsewhere’ ( Place-names Sussex (1930) II. 562); and it was reputedly a hill visible from Kipling's house near Burwash, Sussex, that inspired the title of Puck of Pook's Hill (1906). The word is also attested early in surnames, as Alfredus le puca (c1200), Galfridus Puke (1224), Godiva Puck (1280), Thome Pouk (1313), etc. 1. the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin OE Prudentius Glosses (Boulogne 189) in H. D. Meritt (1959) 6 Uagantes demonas : wandrigende pucan. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Cambr. Gg.5.35) in A. S. Napier (1900) 191/1 Larbula [sc. larvula]: puca. a1400 in R. H. Robbins (1952) 105 (MED) & þow sire robert, with his cloke, Wold þe helpe & be þi ppoke, þe werre þu schust fare. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. 161 (MED) Miȝte neuere pouerte, Miseise..Ne noither hete ne haille ne non helle pouke..Tene þe eny tyme. a1450 (?a1300) (Caius) (1810) 566 I wis, sere kyng—quod Ser Fouke—I wene that knyght was a pouke. a1450–1509 (?a1300) (A-version) (1913) 4354 (MED) He is no man; he is a pouke þat out off helle is jstole! c1565 Bugbears iii. iii, in (1897) 99 29 Some [sprites are] fawny, some satiri some Nymphes, hamadiyades, & dryades that are slye puckes, puckerels, hob howlard, bygorn, & Robin Good felow. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid (new ed.) ix. f. 120v The countrie where Chymæra that same pooke Hath Goatish body, Lions head and brist, and Dragons tayle. 1613 H. Austin tr. Ovid sig. C3 And that they may perceiue the heauens frown, The Poukes & Goblins pul the couerings down. 1624 R. Burton (ed. 2) i. ii. i. ii. 43 Those which Mizaldus cals Ambulones, that walke about midnight on great Heaths and desart places, which..draw men out of the way, and leade them all night a by way,..we commonly call them Pucks. 1824 J. Macculloch II. 350 They are here, water spirits, and pucks, and witches. 1883 W. H. Cope (at cited word) Puck, a New Forest sprite. the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] a1300 in R. Morris (1872) 76 (MED) Hwen deþ schal cume, Al hit wurþ heom bi-nume, And he bitauht þe puke [rhyme bruke]. c1350 (Cleo.) (1914) l. 243 (MED) Ȝeo mad þe croiz uppon his brest fforte hit saue fram þe pouke. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. x. 62 (MED) Thanne haþ þe pouk [v.r. fende] power, sire princeps huius mundi, Ouer suche maner of men. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. xi. 161 Ȝet arn þere..Nigromancie & permansie, þe pouke [v.r. deuyl] to reisen. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. 264 (MED) Oute of þe poukes pondfolde, no meynprise may vs fecche. 1595 E. Spenser Epithalamion in xix. sig. H5 Ne let the Pouke [printed Ponke], nor other euill sprights,..Fray vs. 1746 W. Thompson xxxiii. 19 Ne let Hobgoblin, ne the Pouk [printed Ponk], profane With shadowy glare the light. 1910 P. W. Joyce xiii. 308 To play the puck with anything, a softened equivalent of playing the devil. 1996 S. Moylan 207 The rats played puck with my cap. the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin > as unique being 1572 i. f. 5 But for the resemblance of his propertie and qualitie with that spirit or pooke that we cal Robin Goodfellow, or Hobgoblin.] 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 40 You are that shrewde and knauish sprite, Call'd Robin goodfellow... Those, that Hobgoblin call you, and sweete Puck, You doe their worke, and they shall haue good luck. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Epil. 9 As I am an honest Puck..We will make amends, ere long: Else, the Puck a lyer call... And Robin shall restore amends. View more context for this quotation 1627 M. Drayton Nimphidia in 124 He meeteth Pucke, which most men call Hobgoblin. a1635 R. Corbet Iter Boreale in (1647) 11 Turne your clokes Quoth he, for Pucke is busie in these Oakes:..Then turne your Cloakes, for this is Fairie ground. 1640 in B. Jonson Sad Shepherd Dram. Pers., in III Puck-hairy, Or Robin-Goodfellow. 1681 S. Colvil 61 He doth so punctually tell The whole oeconomy of Hell, That some affirm he is Puck Hary, Some, he hath walked with the Fairy. a1771 T. Gray Characters Christ Cross Row in (1843) 220 Pleased with his Pranks, the Pisgys call him Puck. 1831 J. Ritson 44 Puck, alias Robin Goodfellow, is the most active and extraordinary fellow of a fairy that we anywhere meet with. 1834 M. Howitt 13 Monkey, little merry fellow,..Full of fun, as Puck could be; Harlequin might learn of thee! 1866 W. R. Alger iii. 152 Our familiar is..a nimble and tricksy spirit, like Puck. 1917 R. Graves 15 Lob and Puck, poor frantic elves, Drag their treasures from the shelves. 1946 Oct. 152/2 It was as if I had turned suddenly and caught a faun or Puck himself watching me out of the thicket of sassafras along the fencerow. 1992 Feb. 22/1 The figure of Puck, a baby boy with bat wings and a thatch of curly hair made famous in A Midsummer Night's Dream, perches on a toadstool. 2. In extended use. the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > evil person > [noun] society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [noun] > wicked person a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1921 (MED) If a deceyuour yeue a man to sowke Wordes plesant, in hony al by-wrappid, Good is a man eschew swich a powke. the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > playful mischievousness > mischievous person > [noun] > young the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > [noun] > practitioner 1823 I. D'Israeli 2nd Ser. III. 82 That witty and malicious ‘Puck’, so capable himself of inventing mischief, easily suspected others. 1852 G. C. Mundy III. ii. 40 Sharp and intelligent, but terribly spoilt, nothing could be done..without the interposition of this little meddlesome Puck. 1901 10 July 1/3 How much longer is a political Puck to be allowed to play the very mischief with a national interest of such present magnitude? 1930 9 Oct. 15/4 His tobacco, his face, his treatment of Dr Watson are imperishable attributes, entitling this airy being, this Puck of Baker-street, to make a laughing-stock of..‘the Yard.’ 1968 114 660/1 The Piltdown skull was just a belly-laugh from a life-long hoaxer: it made me realize that a falsifier of scientific fact need not be an Iago—he might be a Puck. 1999 May 10/1 He was an East End Puck let loose in a company of world-weary Oberons and Titanias. the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > referring to the devil or hell 1864 J. S. Le Fanu II. vi. 88 And why the puck don't you let her out? a1903 W. W. Skeat in (1903) IV. 635/2 What the puck are you doing? Compounds the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil iii. 61 That night in forrest to vs pouke bugs [L. immania monstra] gastlye be tendred. 1852 J. Allies (ed. 2) xii. 418 The peasantry in Alfrick [Worcs.], and those parts, say that they are sometimes what they call Poake ledden; that is, that they are occasionally waylaid in the night by a mischievous sprite whom they call Poake. 1889 A. Gissing I. xii. 246 To be a-puckledden by fancy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † puckn.2Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: puckfist n. Etymology: Shortened < puckfist n. Obsolete. rare. the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > puff-ball 1766 at Bee Cut off a piece of the puck, as large as a hen's egg, and fix it in the end of a small stick,..which place so that the puck may hang near the middle of an empty hive. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2018). puckn.3 Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain: see discussion at puckeridge n. English regional ( southern). Now rare. the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > bacterial disorders 1834 W. Youatt 362 In some parts of Surrey, under the name of the puck, the fore-quarter, or the side, is the part mostly affected. 1885 C. Swainson 97 In many places..it is considered that animals either become blind or are infected with disease after being sucked [by the nightjar]. The country-people in West Sussex call this complaint ‘puck’ or ‘puckeridge’—perhaps from Puck, a malignant spirit. 1893 H. Dalziel (ed. 3) 14 Anthrax..a disease of cattle, known in the vernacular as..‘quarter ill’, ‘joint ill’, ‘hasty’, ‘puck’, ‘shoot of blood’, &c. the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Caprimulgiformes (nightjars, etc.) > [noun] > family Caprimulgidae > member of genus Caprimulgus > caprimulgus europaeus (nightjar) 1878 1 ii. 18 The fern-owl (Strix caprimulgus) is in the west of Sussex called the puck bird, or puck, which was an old Gothic word for Satan; and it probably received the name from a belief..that it is a mischievous sprite, which inflicts on calves and heifers a disease here called the ‘puck complaint’, and in some parts of England the ‘puckeridge’. 1883 Sawyer ii. 8 The ‘puck’ would fly before her, and she did not dare to cross its path. 1885 C. Swainson 97 In many places..it is considered that animals either become blind or are infected with disease after being sucked [by the nightjar]. The country-people in West Sussex call..the bird itself ‘puck bird’. 1993 3 June 7/7 Country folk still use the name goat-sucker among many others, including eve-jar, jar-owl, puck bird. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). puckn.4 Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish poc. Etymology: < Irish poc butt, blow, stroke in a game of hurling, either of imitative origin or perhaps < poke n.5 (compare poke n.5 1). Compare slightly later puck v. Chiefly Irish English. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > hockey > hurling > [noun] > type of stroke 1855 ‘H. Whitney’ vii. 196 A puckawn..giving an odd puck now and then to the musicianers..to quicken the tune a bit. 1890 6 Mar. When the ball is driven over the goal line outside the ‘points’ a free ‘puck’ is allowed. 1900 M. MacDonagh in Aug. 306 The rival hurlers..meet together in wild rivalry for a puck at the ever flying ball. 1906 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ 95 I gave William a puck in the chest. 1910 P. W. Joyce xiii. 308 The cow gave him a puck (or pucked him) with her horns and knocked him down. 1922 J. Joyce ii. x. [Wandering Rocks] 241 One puck in the wind..would knock you into the middle of next week. 1934 J. O'Hara (1935) iii. 80 What he should of done was give you a puck in the mouth when you threw the drink at him. 1961 ‘F. O'Brien’ ii. 18 Many a good puck I had myself in the quondam days of my nonage. 1979 N. Smythe in E. Berman 120 I'll give you a puck in the gob in short order, mate. 2006 (Nexis) 13 Feb. 57 Ballygalget threw everything at a replay bid, just falling short as long pucks inside the 20 metre zone were repelled. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). puckn.5Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: puck v. Etymology: Probably < puck v. 1. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [noun] > equipment 1886 28 Feb. 2/5 In hockey a flat piece of rubber, say four inches long by three wide and about an inch thick, called a ‘puck’, is used. 1894 23 409/2 These men handle the little innocent rubber puck as Paderewski handles the black keys of a piano. 1912 255 With the advent of cold weather..come forth a formidable band of hockey players who..have chased the puck over many of the lakes and rivers on the chilly side of Mason and Dixon's line. 1930 20 Mar. 7/2 A little later..Bencchi put the puck over his body into the net. 1951 7 Jan. 16/2 His old speciality, taking the puck at full speed and boring through to the net, is working overtime. 1974 13 Oct. c. 1/2 Toronto jumped to a 2–0 lead in the first period when Featherstone streaked in for an unassisted goal at 1:35 and Dillon rammed the puck home at 18:48. 2006 30 Jan. 21 I remember after the face-off getting the puck behind our own net. 1931 18 Jan. 11/6 The creek was frozen over solidly and a fast game of shinny was enjoyed. Makeshift clubs and pucks were fashioned from driftwood along the banks of the frozen stream. 1939 2 July s4/7 Hopscotch... A flat stone or a rubber heel may be used as a puck. 1962 3 Oct. 17/2 The steering gear is isolated from the underbody with three laminated steel and rubber ‘pucks’ to absorb high-frequency vibrations in the steering system. 1993 S. Kuriscak 43 Puck, a marker used to indicate the point number and whether odds are on or off on the come-out roll. 1999 A. Pyper iv. 42 The sting of chemicals wafting out from the stack of deodorizing pucks that sit at the bottom of the men's room urinals. 1970 P. M. Girard (Rutherford High Energy Lab.) 1 This is done with the assistance of Rough Digitising machines, which project an enlarged image of the film onto a white table and allow the operator to record measurements automatically by means of a ‘puck’ placed in turn at the points to be digitised. 1989 J. Gatenby ii. 21 The drawing is traced using a hand-controlled device known as a puck. The puck has a fine cross-wire to enable the drawing to be traced with great accuracy. 2006 (Nexis) Jan. 40 While there are many veteran digitizers who still prefer using board and puck systems..most of today's digitizers employ on-screen digitizing. Compounds C1. General attributive, in senses relating to ice hockey (chiefly North American). 1901 6 Feb. 7/3 In the new events many noted amateur skaters appeared... The puck dribbling contest was won by H. Bullen. 1947 15 Mar. 8/4 Joswiak has driven his charges hard all week on passing, checking and puck-dribbling to put them in shape. 1974 28 Jan. s. 2/7 He also gave a few exhibitions of puck dribbling with his skates, the only NHL defenceman who has this unique skill. 1925 15 Mar. (Sports section) 4/5 A speedy skater and clever puck-handler. 2001 J. Atkinson (2002) iii. 37 I'm nowhere near any of these kids as a skater or puckhandler. 1921 12 Mar. 6 (headline) Dazzling puck handling by the visitors, but college men break up swift attacks. 1965 15 May 9/6 Flyers dominated the game with superior skating, checking, passing and puck-handling. 1999 2 Aug. 59/2 People talk about skating, puck-handling, and shooting. C2. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [noun] > player > player in possession of puck 1909 9 Feb. iii. 3/6 When the..puck carriers did get past all the men but the goal tender, Donnelly, the latter would stop the shot easily. 1957 28 Sept. 1/2 The top scorers in the League are the best puck carriers. 1993 D. Irvin ix. 168 Glenn was the only goalie I can remember who wanted the defence to rush the puck-carrier because he thought that way it diminished his chance to make a perfect play. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [noun] > player 1902 21 Dec. 12/6 Unless a cold wave soon makes its appearance the puck chasers will not be able to start any sooner than last season. 1921 24 Mar. 11/3 Calgary puckchasers take all the honors. 1993 (Nexis) 30 Oct. (Sports Final ed.) 71 It is the story of all but a handful: the puck carrier becomes the puck chaser, the shooter the blocker, the checker the fighter, the reluctant to change the quickly replaced. 2006 (Nexis) 28 Mar. 12 Fort Ware's young puck chasers don't often get the chance to play hockey in climate-controlled conditions. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [noun] 1911 5 Dec. 7 (headline) Pigskin kickers now turn their attention to puck chasing. 1950 24 Mar. 13/4 His family later moved to Fort William, in which town he did most of his puck chasing. 2004 (Nexis) 6 Feb. d4 He got caught up in a lot of puck chasing and just a lot of work but less getting accomplished. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [noun] > championship 1930 6 Apr. (Sports section) 8/7 Visitors out to collect second puck crown. 1955 17 Mar. 5/3 There is no doubt in my mind—the Vees will bring this puck crown back to Canada. 1973 23 Mar. 10 (headline) Waterville intends to keep puck crown. 2003 (Nexis) 2 Mar. b7 (headline) It's a first as Alberta snares back-to-back puck crowns. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [noun] > player 1897 25 Feb. 1/5 We have a club which can hold its own with the puck pushers from almost anywhere. 1982 M. Torgov viii. 72 This funny looking guy might as well know right now that he's not dealing with some ordinary puck-pusher. 2001 (Nexis) 10 Sept. b2 Because underwater hockey exercises lungs and gives aqua-lovers a chance for more water play, slews of puck-pushers are also divers. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [noun] > skill in 1961 8 Jan. d5/3 Kelly has good puck sense and made the right moves. 1966 1 Jan. 13/2 An intangible part of Melnyk's all-round prowess is something called ‘puck sense’. 2003 15 Sept. d3/5 [He] is going to be a decent hockey player... His puck sense is getting better. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [adjective] > characteristics of team or player 1957 31 Oct. 43/1 Some New York fans had hoped that Sawchuck would be puck-shy and would be unable to play the position in the big-league fashion that he did in the past. 1965 29 Dec. 24/2 I think the new rule could cause a goalie to become puck shy. 2003 S. Fischler 83 Jack Adams became skeptical of Hall's play after the injury and soon believed that Glenn was puck-shy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). puckv.Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: puck n.4 Etymology: Apparently < puck n.4It seems unlikely that the following much earlier quotation (not from an Irish source) is related (and it is also uncertain whether it shows a noun or a verb: the syntax is unclear):a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 12 Hee also would to the threshing of the cock, pucke with hens, blindfold, and the like. Chiefly Irish English. the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (transitive)] > with the head 1861 ‘A. H. Clington’ 57 The ball was struck here and there, often pucked up in the air, then let again before it reached the ground. 1870 P. Kennedy 37 (E.D.D.) The ram and the cow pucked her with their horns. 1910 P. W. Joyce xiii. 308 The cow gave him a puck (or pucked him) with her horns and knocked him down. 1944 F. O'Connor Mad Lomasneys in 202 ‘Do you like cricket’? ‘A lot of old sissies pucking a ball,’ she said shortly. ‘I do not.’ 1977 14 Feb. 21/8 He continually pucked out the ball sometimes as far as 90 yards. 1987 J. A. McArdle 124 I was accustomed to lads pucking each other at street corners. 1996 C. I. Macafee 262/2 Puck..of an animal butt with the horns. 2001 M. Breheny & D. Keenan 181/3 The ball shall not be pucked until the referee has whistled. Derivatives 1911 L. Robinson 7 Maurice have a black heifer that's a divil at pucking. 1922 J. Joyce ii. x. [Wandering Rocks] 241 Myler Keogh, Dublin's pet lamb, will meet sergeant major Bennett, the Portobello bruiser... Gob, that'd be a good pucking match to see. 1979 F. Kelly 19 The account of the aforegoing happenings was passed..to the accompaniment of sniggers and sharp little pucks in the ribs, which are known as ‘puckin'’. the world > movement > impact > striking > [adjective] > that strikes 1922 J. Joyce ii. xii. [Cyclops] 305 The referee twice cautioned Pucking Percy for holding. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1OE n.21766 n.31834 n.41855n.51886v.1861 |
