| 释义 |
pucellen. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French puscele, pusele, pucelle. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman puscele, pusel, pusele, Anglo-Norman and Middle French pucele, Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French pucelle (late 9th cent. in Old French as pulcella ) girl, maiden, virgin (late 9th cent. in Old French), prostitute (c1240 in Anglo-Norman), denoting Joan of Arc (1429 in Anglo-Norman in a Latin context: see note), further etymology uncertain and disputed; perhaps < an unattested post-classical Latin form *pullicella young girl (compare post-classical Latin pulicella (a511 Capitul. Chlodwig, in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum (1837) II. 5), perhaps a transmission error for this; also (apparently with suffix substitution: compare -ula -ule suffix) pullicula (a730 Lex Alamannorum)), apparently < pulla chicken, pullet (feminine form corresponding to pullus young animal, chicken: see pull n.2) + -cella , diminutive suffix (see -ella suffix). See further Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch s.v. *pullicella, Trésor de la langue française at that entry. However, for an alternative suggestion (which involves an unattested post-classical Latin form *puellicella < classical Latin puella girl (see puellarity n.) + -cella, diminutive suffix), see J. Corominas Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (1981) s.v. poncella.Compare Old Occitan puncela (second half of the 12th cent.; also punzella ), piucela , piuzela (both late 12th cent.), pulcella (c1250; Occitan piucèla ), Catalan †poncella (late 13th cent.; also as puncella , punceyla , pucela , etc.), Spanish †poncella (c1200; also as puncella , pucella , etc.; < Catalan), Portuguese †pucela (16th cent. as †pucella ; < French), Italian pulcella (first half of the 13th cent. as pulzella ; also as †polcella , †poncella , †pucella ; < French), Romansh (Sursilvan) purṣchala , and post-classical Latin pucella (1418 in a British source). The Romance forms in pun- and pur- show dissimilation, while those in pon- are influenced by the partially synonymous words for ‘young lady, maiden’ cited at damsel n. Compare the following examples of Anglo-Norman and Middle French pucelle in sense 1a, in Latin and French contexts (compare also Old Occitan la Pieuzela in same sense (1429)):1429 in H. T. Riley Chronica Monasterii S. Albani (1870) V. i. 42 Fœmina malisiosa Franciæ, ‘la Puselle’ dicta.c1431 King Henry VI in Monstrelet Chron. IV. ii. cv. 442 Celle femme, qui se faisoit nommer Jehenne la Pucelle.a1490 Will. Worcester in Wars Eng. in Fr. (Rolls) II. ii. 760 Quædam mulier, vocata Pucelle de Dieu, capta est ab Anglis. The position of the stress apparently varied in early use. The following may show a revived use of the form pusil , apparently in sense 1b, but is ambiguous, and could perhaps alternatively be taken as showing pusill n. 2:1930 R. Frost Let. 1 Oct. in Lett. to L. Untermeyer (1964) 206 A man, and not a pusil, not alas. 1. 1434 in H. Nicolas (1835) IV. 223 (MED) A disciple and leme of þe fende callde þe Pucelle þat used fals enchantementes and sorcerie. c1450 (c1430) (Galba) (1908) 439 (MED) At that same Journey was take the wicche of Fraunce that was callid th[e] ‘Pusshell’. c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner (1876) 172 (MED) The xxiij day of May, the Pusylle was brent at Rone. 1548 f. cix Hauyng in his company Ione the Puzel, whom he vsed as an oracle. 1597 T. Beard i. xxii. 111 The hypocrisie of two counterfait holy maids, one of Kent in England, called Elizabeth Barton, the other of France, called Ioane la Pucelle. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. vi. 85 Puzel or Pussel, Dolphin or Dog-fish, Your hearts Ile stampe out with my Horses heeles. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iv. 3 Pucell that Witch, that damned Sorceresse. View more context for this quotation 1678 S. Butler Ladies Answer to Knight in 280 Or Jone the Pucel's Braver Name. 1702 (ed. 2) I. iii. 261 [In 1429] King Henry..was with great solemnity Crown'd at Westminster;..and at the same time appear'd La Pucelle, a Maid called Joan of Arc. 1874 J. Gairdner (1875) vii. 133 The Pucelle..threw herself into the town [of Compiègne]. 1896 A. Lang v. 62 All men..mocked the Pucelle for a bold vamp, with a bee in her bonnet. 1909 25 Jan. 7 The process of the beatification of Joan of Arc was completed today [when]..the Pope..personally read a decree formally approving La Pucelle among the blessed. 1969 G. Greene i. i. 13 It is not every day one sees a sister consigned to the flames. Like the Pucelle..Joan of Arc. 2004 (Nexis) 24 Oct. (Travel section) 3 I am still spellbound by the extraordinary power of la Pucelle. Uneducated and illiterate, but claiming to hear the word of God, she cut her hair and wore men's clothes, led armies fearlessly, [etc.]. the world > people > person > child > girl > [noun] 1439 in (1827) 21 36 In yat oon partie ys an aungel..and in that other partie ys a pusell knelyng wt a lambe. c1450 J. Lydgate Ballade Our Lady (Sloane) 54 in (1911) i. 257 (MED) Medicyne to myscheuous, pucelle withoute pere. 1490 W. Caxton tr. (1885) vi. 144 Whan the pucell vnderstode this worde she was right glad. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. (?1560) ciiii. sig. E*iii A gentil pusel make good chere. a1535 T. More (1553) ii. xiiii. sig. H.iii Thys gyrle is a metely good pussel in a house, neuer idle, but euer occupied and busy. 1575 T. Churchyard f. 94 v Lyke pucell puer, a perll in peace and warrs. ?1578 W. Patten 28 Three prety puzels az bright az a brest of bacon. ?1610 B. Jonson in J. Fletcher sig. A4 Lady, or Pusil, that weares maske, or fan. 1625 T. Middleton i. i. 282 To invite the like obedience In other pusills by our meek example. 1814 Ld. Byron 4 May (1975) IV. 114 My passion can wait, till the pucelle is more harmonious. a1835 W. Motherwell (1849) 287 What recke I now of comely dame? What care I now for fair pucelle? 1852 G. Daniel xii. 118 As Bow's merry bell hailed the pious Pucelle, Deep toll'd in her ear Mary's last dying knell! society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > sexual indulgence > unchaste behaviour of woman > unchaste or loose woman 1578 A. Golding tr. Seneca iii. xvi. 35 The world is come to that poynt, that fewe take a Husband but too cloke their Whoredome... Where shall a man fynde so very a Wretche or so very a Puzzle, that one payre of Adulterers may suffyze hir? 1583 P. Stubbes sig. Fviiiv Yee shall not haue any Gentlewoman almost, no nor yet any droye or pussle in the Cuntrey, but they will carye in their hands, nosegayes. 1607 tr. 98 Some filthy queans, especially our puzzles of Paris. 1617 J. Minsheu A Pusle, trull, or stinking wench. 1699 B. E. A dirty Quean, a very Puzzel or Slut. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1434 |
