| 释义 |
psaltern. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin psaltērium; French saltier, psaltier. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin psaltērium (see below); subsequently reinforced by Old French saltier, sauter, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French sautier, psautier, psaltier (Middle French psaultier , French psautier ) book containing psalms (c1119), Book of Psalms (c1130), stringed instrument, psaltery (first half of the 12th cent.), the rosary (c1349 in ton sautier ‘your psalter’, addressed to the Virgin Mary), set of psalms for recital (1377) < classical Latin psaltērium (see psalterium n.).Compare Middle Dutch souter , solter , salter , selter , psalter , pselter biblical Book of Psalms, book containing psalms, psaltery (Dutch psalter ), Middle Low German salter biblical Book of Psalms, book containing psalms, hymn book, psalm reading, Old High German saltāri , saltāre , salteri , saltere , psalteri biblical Book of Psalms, book containing psalms (Middle High German salter , psalter , German Psalter , now also in sense ‘psaltery’), Old Icelandic psaltari psalter, Swedish saltare , psaltare biblical Book of Psalms, book containing psalms, psalm reading, psaltery (Swedish psaltare ), Danish psalter , †salter biblical Book of Psalms, hymn book, psaltery (1496 or earlier); also Early Irish saltair biblical Book of Psalms, book containing psalms, book in general (compare sense 4), Welsh sallwyr biblical Book of Psalms, book containing psalms, psaltery (13th cent.; also as llaswyr , with metathesis (c1370)); also Old Occitan sautier (a1168), salteri (c1200), psalteri , sauteri (both c1250), saltiri (2nd half of 13th cent.), sauteri (c1300) psalter, psaltery (Occitan psaltèri ), Catalan salteri , saltiri biblical Book of Psalms, book containing psalms, rosary, psaltery (late 13th cent.; also psaltiri (early 15th cent.)), Spanish salterio , psalterio psalter, psaltery (early 13th cent.), Italian salterio psaltery, biblical Book of Psalms (first half of the 12th cent.), Portuguese saltério biblical Book of Psalms, psaltery (1438 as psalterio ). See also psaltery n. The initial /ps/ was simplified to /s/ in spoken post-classical Latin and hence in its Romance decendants as well as borrowings into Germanic and Celtic, resulting in spellings with initial s- . In many of these languages, spellings with initial ps- were sporadically reintroduced by analogy with written Latin, e.g. the Old English β forms (where the p- was not pronounced), and similarly (under classicizing influence) the β. and δ. forms from the late Middle English period onwards. In some languages spelling pronunciations with initial /ps/ have developed (e.g. in French, German, or Dutch). The p- remains mute in English. The -l- was preserved in Old English (following Latin); in Middle English the γ. and δ. forms with au (after French, in which -l- was vocalized) are usual. The α. or β. forms with -l- are rare in Middle English before the 15th cent., and remain less common than the γ. and δ. forms until the end of the Middle English period; they probably reflect classicizing reintroduction of -l- in γ. and δ. forms, or respelling after words showing diphthongization of a before l plus consonant in late Middle English which show subsequent loss of l in pronunciation before m (compare especially psalm n.). Even in the 16th and 17th centuries, pronunciations both with and without /l/ are attested, even though spellings with -l- were usual in this period. Compare e.g. falcon n., fault n. The usual modern pronunciation shows the normal development of the reflex of Middle English au (unlike psalm n., which shows monophthongization of au to /aː/ before m ). With the late Old English form spaltere compare post-classical Latin spalterium (a1025 in a British source). Middle English forms ending in -tre are frequently ambiguous; such forms have here generally been taken as showing psalter n. except where metrical evidence suggests that a particular example should be taken as showing psaltery n. With sense 3 compare post-classical Latin psalterium beate Marie rosary of 150 Ave Marias (1430 in a British source); also Middle Dutch Marien souter , Middle Low German Mariensalter , Old Swedish Jungfru Marias psaltare , vår frus psaltare (Swedish Jungfru Marie psaltare , vår frus psaltare ), Danish jomfru Marie psalter (1496). With sense 4 compare e.g. Early Irish Saltair Temrach the Psalter of Tara (Irish Saltair na Teamhrach (17th cent.)), Irish Saltair Chaisil the Psalter of Cashel (17th cent.). I. A collection of psalms. 1. society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Testament > Old Testament > divisions of Old Testament > [noun] > Psalms eOE tr. Bede (Tanner) iii. xxvii. 242 He eac gehat geheht..þæt [he] æghwelce dæge alne saltere in gemynd þære godcundan herenesse asunge. OE Ælfric (Laud) 36 Se Saltere ys an boc, þe he [sc. David] gesette þurh god betwux oðrum bocum on þære bibliothecan. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 7 Dauid þe þe salm scop in þe saltere. c1300 St. Wulstan (Laud) 44 in C. Horstmann (1887) 72 (MED) Þou art a louerd þat wonderes dest, ase seith þe sauter. 1340 (1866) 27 (MED) Huerof spekþ dauiþ ine þe sautere. c1440 (?a1400) 3421 (MED) Golyas..endittede..all the dere psalmes Þat in þe sawtire ere sette. a1500 Legend of Cross in (1965) 34 219 (MED) Therfor so al the psautier don, he bigan to edifie the Temple of the Lord. 1549 (STC 16267) Ordre Psalter sig. A.iv The Psalter shalbe red through, once euery Moneth. 1651 T. Hobbes iii. xxxiii. 202 The Psalter was compiled, and put into the form it now hath, after the return of the Jews. 1669 T. Gale iii. i. 2 We find not..in the Psalter, or Lamentations any Cantic bound up by Laws of Metre. 1712 A. W. Boehm tr. J. Arndt I. i. xxiv. 218 Should such a one [sc. a person who does not love God] recite the whole Psalter over every Day,..all this would be but a mere Abomination before God. 1782 J. Priestley II. ix. 152 [Pay] by twenty repetitions of the psalter. 1864 11 June 740 We put ourselves in a right position towards the Psalter by regarding it as the national Hymn-book of the Jewish people. 1892 H. E. Ryle vi. 127 The Psalter is the most important book of the ‘Kethubim’. 1937 2 Dec. 8/1 She called the Psalter the heart of the Old Testament because it is the center of its emotion. 1978 J. Senior xi. 167 The Psalter [was] learned by heart in the first year of the novitiate and finally the whole of the Old and New Testaments in St. Jerome's vulgar Latin. 2004 24 Sept. 18/5 The Psalter lacks any idea of evil as a person in the form of the Devil. society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > [noun] > translation or version of OE Rec. Gifts of Bp. Leofric to Exeter Cathedral (Bodl.) in A. J. Robertson (1956) 228 Nu þær sind.. i tropere & ii salteras & se þriddan saltere swa man singð on Rome. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 183 (MED) Ierom..amended also þe sauter of þe seventy..and þat psauter was eft appeyred, and he translated it newe aȝen..þat sauter [is] i-cleped þe Frensche sawter, psalterium Gallicanum. a1425 Comm. in H. R. Bramley (1884) 1 (MED) Therfore a worthy holy man cald Rychard Hampole..Glosed the sauter that sues here in englysch tong sykerly. 1549 (title) The Psalter or Psalmes of Dauid after the translacion of the great Bible, poynted as it shall be songe in churches. a1593 C. Marlowe (1604) sig. A4v Then haste thee to some solitary groue, And beare wise Bacons and Albanus workes, The Hebrew Psalter, and new Testament. 1625 J. Ussher Let. in R. Parr (1686) Coll. lxxxix. 333 The Latin Psalter translated by St. Hierom out of the Hebrew. 1685 E. Stillingfleet iv. 221 In..an old Latine and French Psalter.., this Hymn is attributed to St. Nicetius. 1723 Gibson Life Spelman in H. Spelman Pref. C j b In the Year 1640 he [sc. John Spelman] publish'd the Saxon Psalter from an ancient MS. of Sir Henry's. 1782 C. Burney II. 18 The punctuation of the Psalms in the English Psalter..expresses this Mediatio, or breath-place. 1848 R. G. Latham (ed. 2) 91 The Psalter also exhibits this West-Saxon form. 1889 H. E. Wooldridge in Grove IV. 752 Sternhold's translations.., [are] the nucleus of the metrical Psalter which has come down to us. 1918 49 119 The constant striving after a faithful vernacular text is attested by the successive versions of the whole [Bible] or of parts: the Itala, the Roman psalter, the Gallican psalter, and the Vulgate. 1963 13 Apr. 16/3 Some of the interpretive changes in the revised Psalter may astonish readers of the old version. 1996 Sept. 39/2 The pointing of the Oxford psalter here aims at smoothness of line—the first note after the barline is an accented syllable. society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > music books > [noun] > psalter society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > [noun] > music book > church music > psalm book OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfsige (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr (1914) 13 Þæt synd þa halgan bec: saltere and pistolboc, godspellboc and mæsseboc, sangboc and handboc, gerim and pastoralem, penitentialem and rædingboc. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 36 Versailunge of sauter [c1230 Corpus sawter; a1250 Nero sautere]. redunge of englisch oðer of frensch. c1300 St. Kenelm (Laud) 349 in C. Horstmann (1887) 355 (MED) Riȝt as heo þat vers radde, out-borsten boþe hire eiȝe And fullen a-doun op-on hire sauter, ase manie men i-seiȝe; Þe sauter is ȝuyt at wynchecombe. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. xi. 127 (MED) I wrot hire þe bible And sette hire to sapience & to hire sauter yglosid. ?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew (1880) 41 Clerkis..out taken þe sautir, of wheche þei may haue breuyaries, þat is, smale sauteris or abreggid. a1500 (?c1450) 213 (MED) The quene..wente forth a-lone to the cherche..with hir sawter in her hande. 1569 B. Googe sig. Dviij Such seemed hir deuotion, A Psalter helde she fast in hande. 1603 R. Knolles 164 Hauing a Psalter in his hand. 1659–60 in D. G. Vaisey 120 2 doz. cardes, 4 gramers, 1 saltor. 1733 B. Franklin 23 Sold by the Printer,..Psalters. 1774 T. Warton (1840) I. Diss. ii. 88 Among the books they found there, were one hundred psalters. 1833 J. Holland II. 74 In an old psalter, written and illuminated by Eadwine, a monk, about the time of king Stephen. 1886 T. Hardy II. x. 128 He took one of the psalters and began turning over the leaves. 1910 I. 14/1 A curious bird's-eye view of Canterbury Cathedral..is preserved in the Great Psalter in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. 1951 26 415 Psalters, breviaries, ordinals, collectars, customaries, Offices..ranging in date from the tenth century to the fifteenth. 1991 Spring 137 The illuminated initials of the Psalter are decorated in the same Celtic style. society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > [noun] > collectively > selection of society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > psalm > selection from psalms eOE Notice of Guild Assembly, Exeter in B. Thorpe (1865) 614 Ælc gemænes hades broður [singe] twegen salteras sealma,..& æt forðsiðe ælc monn vi mæssan oððe vi salteras sealma. c1300 St. Wulstan (Laud) 216 in C. Horstmann (1887) 77 (MED) To seggen heore sauteres..þare-bi huy woken a-niȝht. 1340 (1866) 91 (MED) Zygge a pater noster ase to anoþren a sautyer. 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith (1870) 26 Euery brother and sister shal payen..a peny to a sauter for ye dedes soule. a1450 (Faust.) (1883) 3101 Tylle he hadde sayde hurre sawter alle. 1485 (Caxton) xxi. xii. sig. eev They layed his corps in the body of the quere, & sange & redde many saulters. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in (1998) I. 210 Thow sais for thame few psaltris, psalmis or credis. 1676 W. Dugdale II. 155/2 Ordaining, that upon the day of her death, an Hundred Trentals, and Hundred Sauters should be said for her Soul. society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > music books > [noun] > psalter > of the Virgin society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > [noun] > music book > church music > psalm book 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith (1870) 35 (MED) Euery broþer and euery sister of þe gilde sshullen ȝeuen on halpeny in þe worchepe of god for þe soule, and also seyn oure ladys sauter, or don seyn. 1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick (1766) IV. 355 Say three or two sauters of our lady at the least: that is to say, threies seaven Ave Marias, with xv Pater Nosters, and three credes. ?a1450 (?c1400) Comm. Ave Maria (Lamb.) in (1901) 14 (MED) So myȝt pardoun be gotun to sey yche day a lady sawter. 1500 (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/12) f. 108v A paire of small corall bedys with the hoole psalter of our lady. 1547 sig. Eij Let vs reherse som other kindes of papistical supersticions and abuses, as of beades, of lady psalters and rosaries. 1574 R. Robinson sig. N4 Some cryde fye of Idols, and some of holye water, Some of Supersticion, and some of Scala celi: Other some lamented, the mumbling of Lady Psalter. 1647 J. Hall i. 2 Then are you entertaind, and deskt up by Our Ladies Psalter and the Rosary. 1759 A. Butler IV. 23/2 The Rosary has been often called the Psalter of the Blessed Virgin. 1817 25 Oct. 3/2 They return to the chapel, where they repeat the Lady's Psalter (which consists of fifty aves and five paters, or according to some, of 150 aves and 15 paters). 1879 E. Waterton ii. iii. 156 The Bead-Psalter..was the popular devotion to our Ladye. 1907 II. 361/2 [Prayer beads] are now mostly found in the form of the Dominican Rosary, or Marian Psalter. 1980 11 98 Members gathered weekly at a Jacobin monastery to recite the psalter of Our Lady. 1995 A. D. Brown viii. 190 The poor inmates were to say the Lady psalter twice a day. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > [noun] > Irish verse chronicle 1685 E. Stillingfleet v. 270 This Psalter of Cashel is one of the most Authentick Histories among them, and so called because done in Verse. 1705 M. Kennedy 157 The account given in the famous Psalter of Cashel, written before the year 900..puts it byond dispute, that this Fergus was an Irish man born. 1756 T. Amory I. 290 (note) This Cormac Cuillenan writ the famous psalter of Cashel, a very extraordinary and valuable book, which he composed from antient poems of the bards. 1793 J. Hely tr. R. O'Flaherty II. 240 A book..which we call the Psalter of Temor, in which are compiled the archives of the Kingdom. 1843 W. Carleton (new ed.) I. 117 There were properly only two Psalters, those of Tara and Cashel. The Psalters were collections of genealogical history, partly in verse. 1893 P. W. Joyce 31 A book of annals called the Psalter of Cashel was compiled by Cormac Mac Cullenan. 1933 48 592 The Psalter of Cashel..was written in Irish (1453) for Edmund, son of Richard Butler who was brother of the fourth earl of Ormonde. 1948 in W. R. Benét 1100 Tara's Psaltery or Psalter of Tara, the great national register or chronicles of Ireland, read to the assembled princes when they met in Tara's Hall in public conference. 1996 R. Welch 116/2 Cormac mac Cuilennáin (fl. 905), a saintly King of Munster, scholar, and the reputed author of Sanas Chormaic (Cormac's Glossary) and the Psalter of Cashel, a lost text. II. An instrument. 5. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > zither > [noun] > psaltery eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 57 Sambucus, saltere. OE Prognostics (Tiber.) in (1910) 125 53 Cimbala aut salteria aut corda tangere lites significat : cimbalan oððe psalteras oððe strengas ætrinan saca hit [getacnað]. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) xlviii. 4 Y..shal open in þe sauter myn purpose. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xlviii. 4 in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 180 (MED) I sal open in sauter mi forsettinge. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 108 A Sawter, psalterium, organum. a1500 (?1445) J. Lydgate (1911) i. 374 Sauter [a1475 Rawl. Make þem easy with þy moste dowcet harpe..Helpyng with þy sawtry Seynt Theodore]. 1552 R. Huloet Psalter:..also an instrument of musicke lyke a harpe. 1632 F. Quarles ii. lxxvii T' one makes the Sermon, t' other tunes the Psalter. c1650 (a1500) (Percy) (1933) 200 Shee laid a souter vpon her knee, Theron shee plaid full loue somlye. 1878 B. Taylor i. i. 19 The strings of the psalter, The shapes in the marble, Our passing deplore. 1917 IX. 58/2 A later development of the gusli was the psalter, with eleven strings and a rounded body, with one end narrower than the other. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > musical instruments and their parts 1688 R. Holme (1905) iii. xvi. 56/2 He beareth Azure, a psalter, Or. This may also be termed, a Recorder, or a Shawm, or a Wyate... Note that all these kind of wind Instruments, or any other, which receiueth the sound from the wind of the mouth of a man: are euer placed in Armes with their mouth vpwards. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.eOE |
