prytanisn.

Brit.

/ˈprɪtənɪs/, U.S.

/ˈprɪdənəs/

Inflections: Plural prytanes, prytaneis.

Forms:

α. 1500s– prytanis, 1600s prytanaei (plural), 1700s prytanei (plural).

β. 1600s– prytan, 1600s– prytane.

Also with capital initial

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin prytanis; Greek πρύτανις.

Etymology: < classical Latin prytanis magistrate in certain Greek cities, and its etymon ancient Greek πρύτανις (plural πρυτάνεις) prince, ruler, chief, at Athens a president, of unknown origin; perhaps a loanword from an Indo-European language of Asia Minor. Originally via Middle French pritane, pritanne (1372–4; French prytane).

Ancient Greek History.

1. In ancient Athens: a member of the presiding division of the Council of Five Hundred.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in ancient world > member of council committee in ancient Athens

prytanis1579

prytaneum1603

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 186 It was moued..that Pericles should deliuer an accompt of the money he had spent, vnto the handes of the Prytanes [Fr. Pritanes], who were treasorers of the common fines and reuenues.

a1610 J. Healey in tr. Theophrastus Characters To Rdr. sig. I10^v, in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1616) The Prytanæi were Officers, which in the needfull distressed times of the Commonwealth assembled the people together,..[and] did perswade and excite them to liberall supplies and contributions.

1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 53 The Prytans were a Committee or Councill sitting in the great Hall of Pantheon.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) At Athens, there were fifty Prytanei.

1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 94 A courier..appeared before the Prytanes, and pronounced the dreadful tidings, that the King of Macedon had taken possession of Elatea.

1836 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens (1837) I. 351 The prytanes always placarded in some public place a programme of the matters on which the people were to consult.

1874 J. P. Mahaffy Social Life Greece xii. 372 The prytanes referred their case to the council.

1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 743/1 In Athens, from the time of Cleisthenes, and elsewhere, the prytaneis were a section of the Boule, acting as a committee for the preparation of business.

2000 M. Munn School of Hist. 405 Date of Plato's Gorgias is established by the reference..to Socrates' service as prytanis ‘last year’.

2. The presiding magistrate of an ancient Greek city or state.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > head of ancient Greek state or league

prytanis1600

strategos1616

Bœotarch1820

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. 1141 This hergesilus their soveraigne magistrate (whome they call Prytanis) had by many reason prevailed with the Rhodians.

1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece iii. 267 He was Prytane, or Chief Magistrate among them.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xiv. x, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 449 The decree of those of Pergamus. When Cratippus was prytanis, on the first day of the month Desius.

1763 tr. C. Rollin Antient Hist. IX. 18 The Rhodians signalized themselves upon this occasion. Hegesilochus, who was at that time Prytanis,..had prepared the people.

1868 W. Smith Smaller Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. (ed. 7) at Prytaneium Officers called prytanes (πρυτάνεις) were entrusted with the chief magistracy in several states of Greece, as Corcyra, Corinth, Miletus.

1887 Amer. Jrnl. Archeol. 3 162 This is of interest for the early history of Pergamon, as it shows..that there, as elsewhere, the prytans succeeded a monarchical state.

1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 743/1 Elsewhere (chiefly in Asia Minor), prytaneis were the magistrates who presided over the boule and the ecclesia.

1978 Hesperia 47 92 The name Atarbion is attested..as a prytanis of Acharnai in 360/59.

2002 F. Graf in M. B. Cosmopoulos Greek Myst. x. 247 A small group of inscriptions, all from the later second or third century AD, concern the prytanis, the supreme magistrate of the city [sc. Ephesus].

†3. In extended use: a president, a chief. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief

headeOE

headmanOE

headsmanOE

masterlinga1200

dukec1275

chevetaine1297

chief1297

headlingc1300

principalc1325

captainc1380

primatec1384

chieftainc1400

master-man1424

principate1483

grand captain1531

headmaster?1545

knap of the casec1555

capitano1594

muqaddam1598

mudaliyar1662

reis1677

sachem1684

doge1705

prytanis1790

gam1827

main guy1882

oga1917

ras1935

1790 T. Francklin tr. Lucian Wks. II. 534 The assembly being met,..Jupiter being prytanis, Neptune proedros,..and Somnus author, or mover, of the edict.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece III. ii. x. 101 It is probable also that the functions of that senate [sc. the Areopagus], and those of the prytanes of the naukrars, were of the same double and confused nature.

1898 A. Lang Making Relig. xvii. 317 In polytheism that conception is necessarily obscured, showing itself dimly either in the Prytanis, or President of the Immortals, such as Zeus; or in Fate.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prytanis
释义	prytanisn. Brit. /ˈprɪtənɪs/, U.S. /ˈprɪdənəs/ Inflections: Plural prytanes, prytaneis. Forms: α. 1500s– prytanis, 1600s prytanaei (plural), 1700s prytanei (plural). β. 1600s– prytan, 1600s– prytane. Also with capital initial Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin prytanis; Greek πρύτανις. Etymology: < classical Latin prytanis magistrate in certain Greek cities, and its etymon ancient Greek πρύτανις (plural πρυτάνεις) prince, ruler, chief, at Athens a president, of unknown origin; perhaps a loanword from an Indo-European language of Asia Minor. Originally via Middle French pritane, pritanne (1372–4; French prytane). Ancient Greek History. 1. In ancient Athens: a member of the presiding division of the Council of Five Hundred. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in ancient world > member of council committee in ancient Athens prytanis1579 prytaneum1603 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 186 It was moued..that Pericles should deliuer an accompt of the money he had spent, vnto the handes of the Prytanes [Fr. Pritanes], who were treasorers of the common fines and reuenues. a1610 J. Healey in tr. Theophrastus Characters To Rdr. sig. I10^v, in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1616) The Prytanæi were Officers, which in the needfull distressed times of the Commonwealth assembled the people together,..[and] did perswade and excite them to liberall supplies and contributions. 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 53 The Prytans were a Committee or Councill sitting in the great Hall of Pantheon. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) At Athens, there were fifty Prytanei. 1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 94 A courier..appeared before the Prytanes, and pronounced the dreadful tidings, that the King of Macedon had taken possession of Elatea. 1836 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens (1837) I. 351 The prytanes always placarded in some public place a programme of the matters on which the people were to consult. 1874 J. P. Mahaffy Social Life Greece xii. 372 The prytanes referred their case to the council. 1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 743/1 In Athens, from the time of Cleisthenes, and elsewhere, the prytaneis were a section of the Boule, acting as a committee for the preparation of business. 2000 M. Munn School of Hist. 405 Date of Plato's Gorgias is established by the reference..to Socrates' service as prytanis ‘last year’. 2. The presiding magistrate of an ancient Greek city or state. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > head of ancient Greek state or league prytanis1600 strategos1616 Bœotarch1820 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. 1141 This hergesilus their soveraigne magistrate (whome they call Prytanis) had by many reason prevailed with the Rhodians. 1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece iii. 267 He was Prytane, or Chief Magistrate among them. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xiv. x, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 449 The decree of those of Pergamus. When Cratippus was prytanis, on the first day of the month Desius. 1763 tr. C. Rollin Antient Hist. IX. 18 The Rhodians signalized themselves upon this occasion. Hegesilochus, who was at that time Prytanis,..had prepared the people. 1868 W. Smith Smaller Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. (ed. 7) at Prytaneium Officers called prytanes (πρυτάνεις) were entrusted with the chief magistracy in several states of Greece, as Corcyra, Corinth, Miletus. 1887 Amer. Jrnl. Archeol. 3 162 This is of interest for the early history of Pergamon, as it shows..that there, as elsewhere, the prytans succeeded a monarchical state. 1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 743/1 Elsewhere (chiefly in Asia Minor), prytaneis were the magistrates who presided over the boule and the ecclesia. 1978 Hesperia 47 92 The name Atarbion is attested..as a prytanis of Acharnai in 360/59. 2002 F. Graf in M. B. Cosmopoulos Greek Myst. x. 247 A small group of inscriptions, all from the later second or third century AD, concern the prytanis, the supreme magistrate of the city [sc. Ephesus]. †3. In extended use: a president, a chief. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief headeOE headmanOE headsmanOE masterlinga1200 dukec1275 chevetaine1297 chief1297 headlingc1300 principalc1325 captainc1380 primatec1384 chieftainc1400 master-man1424 principate1483 grand captain1531 headmaster?1545 knap of the casec1555 capitano1594 muqaddam1598 mudaliyar1662 reis1677 sachem1684 doge1705 prytanis1790 gam1827 main guy1882 oga1917 ras1935 1790 T. Francklin tr. Lucian Wks. II. 534 The assembly being met,..Jupiter being prytanis, Neptune proedros,..and Somnus author, or mover, of the edict. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece III. ii. x. 101 It is probable also that the functions of that senate [sc. the Areopagus], and those of the prytanes of the naukrars, were of the same double and confused nature. 1898 A. Lang Making Relig. xvii. 317 In polytheism that conception is necessarily obscured, showing itself dimly either in the Prytanis, or President of the Immortals, such as Zeus; or in Fate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1579
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