Prussiann.adj.

Brit.

/ˈprʌʃn/, U.S.

/ˈprəʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1500s Prussien, 1500s– Prussian, 1800s Prooshan (humorous), 1800s Prooshun (humorous), 1800s Proosian (humorous), 1800s– Prooshian (chiefly humorous).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Prussianus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Prussianus, adjective (from 13th cent. in British sources as Prucianus , Prucinus , Pruscenus ) < Prussia (see note below) + classical Latin -ānus -an suffix. Compare also post-classical Latin Prissani , plural noun (9th cent.), Prussiensis , adjective (second half of the 10th cent. in an apparently isolated attestation). In quot. 1554 at sense A. 1 via Middle French prussien (1540 in the passage translated in this quot.). Compare earlier pruce adj., spruce adj.¹ 1The post-classical Latin name Prussia (late 10th or early 11th cent. as Pruscia , Pruzzia ; also Prucia , Prusia , Pruzia , Pruzcia , Prussya , Pruzsya , etc.; also Pruzze (late 10th cent.)) is derived < Prussi (late 10th or early 11th cent. as Pruzzi ; also Prusci , Pruci , Prusi , Pruzi , etc.), Latinized form of the name of a Baltic people (Old Prussians), who inhabited a territory on the south-east shores of the Baltic Sea, comprising parts of modern day Poland, Russia, and Lithuania. The origin of the name is uncertain and disputed. Other post-classical Latin names of the people were Borussi (see Borussian n. and adj.), and Pruteni (see Prutenic adj. and n.). Compare Middle Low German prūsse, prǖsse, prūse, prūze, etc., Middle High German priuze, priuz (nouns) inhabitant of Prussia (German Preuße), Middle Low German prūssisch, prūsisch, prūzesch, etc., Middle High German priuzisch (adjectives) Prussian (German preußisch); also, denoting Prussia, Middle Low German Prūssen, Prǖssen, Prūsen, Prūzen, etc., Middle High German Priuzen, Priuzenlant (German Preußen), and Old Prussian Prūsa, Lithuanian Prūsija, Polish Prusy. The area originally inhabited by the Old Prussians was conquered in the 13th cent. by the Knights of the Teutonic Order and formed a state within the Holy Roman Empire; in 1466 the western part of this was lost to Poland, the rest became a duchy in 1525; in the 17th cent. the duchy came under the rule of the elector of Brandenburg, who in 1701 assumed the title of König in Preußen, King in Prussia. In 1871 Prussia was subsumed into the newly founded state of Germany (then the German Empire), of which it remained an administrative unit until its final dissolution in 1947.

A. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Prussia (see etymological note). Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of

Easterling1253

Sprucier1443

Suevian1549

High German1550

Low German1550

Prussian1554

Lusatian1555

Westphalian1576

Borussian1607

Rhinelander1608

Eastman1610

Belgic1615

Franconian1615

Thuringian1618

Swab1637

spruce1640

Silesian1669

Swabian1675

palatinate1709

Hessian1729

Saxon1737

Austrasian1833

East German1838

Balt1854

West German1855

Württemberger1896

Sudeten1938

East German1947

West German1947

Saarlander1955

Ossi1989

Wessi1990

1554 W. Prat tr. J. Boemus Discr. Aphrique Prol. sig. Bvi^v The Germaynes, Italyons, Spanyardes, Frenchemen, Scottes, Iryshmen, the Danes, Liuones Prussiens [Fr. Prussiens, L. Prussii].

1565 R. Shacklock tr. S. Hozjusz Hatchet of Heresies f. 2^v This agrement of fayth..floryshed among..the Germanes..Catholyke Russians, Prussians, or Masouians.

1611 T. Coryate Crambe sig. b2^v An old paire of stockings which a Prussian of Koningsberg gaue him, wherein inhabited some oraculous vermine.

1677 E. Browne Acct. Trav. Germany 82 To the Classis, or Natio Saxonum, were reduced Saxons..Prussians, Livonians.

1746 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 112 The King of Sardinia..has made himself as considerable in the scale as the Prussian.

1778 S. P. Adye Treat. Courts Martial (ed. 2) ii. 146 With regard to modern punishments, the gantlope has been adopted, not only by the Prussians, but most other German powers.

1800 M. Trench Remains (1862) 86 I dined also again with the Arnsteins, who I see hate the Austrian government. She is a Prussian, and according to the late cant phrase ‘That accounts for it’.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xix. 239 Some people..may be Rooshans, and some may be Prooshans; they are born so, and will please themselves.

1895 Argosy Sept. 501/2 Prince William..enjoyed advantages in the way of learning and instruction such as no other Prussian could hope of obtaining.

1914 R. Brooke Let. 24 Aug. (1968) 611 To Hell with the Prooshians.

1929 W. Ray tr. W. Hegemann Frederick the Great 122 The patient Prussians had barely two more years to wait before death came to rid them of their great king.

1990 C. Tighe Gdansk (BNC) 66 The Prussians lacked political, military and economic power against the might of revolutionary France.

2. More fully blue Prussian. = Prussian blue n. 3. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pea > other types of pea or pea-plant

rouncival1570

garden pea1573

field pease1597

vale-grey1615

rose pea1629

hotspur1663

seven-year pea1672

rathe-ripe1677

huff-codc1680

pigeon pea1683

hog-pease1686

shrub pea1691

field pea1707

pea1707

crown pea1726

maple rouncival1731

marrowfat1731

moratto1731

pig pea1731

sickle-pea1731

hog pea1732

maple pea1732

marrow pea1733

black eye?1740

egg-pea1744

magotty bay bean1789

Prussian1804

maple grey1805

partridge pea1812

Prussian blue1822

scimitar1834

marrow1855

fill-basket1881

string-pea1891

mattar1908

vining pea1959

1804 J. Gardiner Amer. Gardener 43 Spanish morottos, rouncivals, prussians, green and white, marrowfats, and other large late peas are the kinds to sow this month.

1836 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants (rev. ed.) 622 The grey pea, cultivated in agriculture, is by some considered as a species, though it is obviously a mere variety, not further removed from the frame pea than is the blue Prussian, or the crown pea.

1902 T. W. Sanders Encycl. Gardening (ed. 5) 296 Prussians: small, thin-skinned blue seeds.

1921 H. K. Hayes Breeding Crop Plants i. 7 In 1820 flowers of Blue Prussian pea, which has bluish seeds, were pollinated with pollen of Dwarf Spanish.

3. The medieval West Baltic language of the Old Prussian people; = Old Prussian n. 1. Now rare.Recorded earliest in Old Prussian n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Baltic > Old Prussian

Old Prussian1841

Prussian1841

1841 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. 3 The Livonian,..the Old Prussian, and the Lithuanian of Lithuania, constituting the Lithuanic stock [of languages].

1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 11 The Baltic division consists of Prussian [Ger. das Preussische], Lithuanian, and Lettic.

1946 Rev. Politics 8 44 The language was still so widespread in 1545 that Duke Albrecht had Luther's catechism translated into ‘Prussian’.

1972 W. B. Lockwood Panorama Indo-European Lang. 139 A catechism, in Prussian and German, was twice printed in 1545.

4. = Prussian blue n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific

azurec1374

lapis lazulia1425

litmusc1503

verditer1505

florey1527

bice1548

smalt1558

smalts1591

smalt1598

ultramarine1598

litmus blue1612

verditer1665

ultramarine blue (or colour)1686

blue sublimate1700

Prussian blue1724

terre bleue1728

starch blue1742

king's blue1778

verditel1778

Antwerp brown1787

Berlin blue1794

lacmus1794

Antwerp blue1795

French blue1802

lapis1811

Waterloo blue1815

Waterloo1823

cobalt1835

Thénard's blue1837

iron blue1839

turnsole1839

permanent blue1863

opal blue1880

Haarlem blue1885

cyanine blue1886

cerulean blue1889

Victoria blue1890

Milori blue1899

Prussian1911

Windsor blue1912

gentianine1927

Monastral1936

Alcian Blue1947

1911 O. Onions Widdershins iv. 154 The daylight had gone, but I knew that ‘Prussian’ would be about the colour for the eyes.

1990 Herald (Nexis) 12 Sept. 13 Opulent colors predominate..such as ruby, dark purple, sienna, prussian and chocolate in flowing shirts and contrasting bustiers in washed silks.

B. adj.

1. Of or relating to Prussia or its inhabitants; (also) designating something characteristically identified with or reputed to come from Prussia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > parts of Germany

Suevical1560

Swevical1560

Prussian1565

Suevian1574

Thuringian1607

Franconian1608

Suevic1638

High German1640

Saxonic1647

Saxon1654

Swabian1684

Saxonian1761

Hanoverian1775

Low German1808

East German1849

West German1850

West German1946

Balt1954

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Germanic region > [adjective] > Prussia

spruce1378

pruce1389

Prussian1702

Borussian1718

1565 R. Shacklock tr. S. Hozjusz Hatchet of Heresies (verso title page) Fixing his eye on Prussian grounde, He sawe holy Hosius makyng this boke.

1599 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations I. 146 Then fiue Prussian horsemen came riding and tooke them, deliuering them bounde to the custodie of two.

1611 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. ii. 344 With Transyluania, Seruia, and Panonia, The Prussian Plains, and ouer all Polonia.

1677 P. Meadows Narr. Princip. Actions Wars Sueden & Denmark 117 To the end that by this revolution they might better open and secure their Trade with Dantzick and the Prussian Ports.

1702 Toland Acct. Court of Prussia (1705) 36 'Tis at Berlin that his Prussian Majesty dos commonly keep his Court.

1754 W. Faucitt (title) Regulations for the Prussian Infantry.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 422 A Prussian Author..has lately favoured the World with various productions.

1852 G. W. Johnson Cottage Gardeners' Dict. 531/2 Lactuca Lettuce... Imperial Grand Admirable, Prussian, Large Roman.

1883 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 815 This tendency to over-legislation has long been the predominating evil feature of Prussian administration.

1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Oct. 827/1 One of the objects of the Prussian campaign, a masterpiece of politico-military strategy, was to separate Prussia and Saxony.

1990 B. Burrough & J. Helyar Barbarians at Gate ii. 56 As a young man, he had been an Army instructor, and he brought that blunt, Prussian style to the executive suite.

2. Of, relating to, or designating the medieval West Baltic language of the Old Prussian people; = Old Prussian adj. rare.Recorded earliest in Old Prussian adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > ancient people of central and eastern Europe > [adjective]

Helvetian1559

Getan1572

Getic1573

Cimbrian1607

Old Prussian1765

Prussian1765

Cimbric1781

Bulgarian1797

1765 D. Fenning et al. New Syst. Geogr. (new ed.) II. 76/1 Some authors suppose that the former inhabitants, alluding to their proximity to the Russians, called themselves Porussi, or bordering on the Russians, for po, in the old Prussian language, signifies near.

1879 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1877–9 53 Of great importance for the vocabulary and etymology is..a German and Prussian vocabulary, edited by Nesselmann [Note Ein deutsch-preussisches Vocabularium..1868].

1955 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 86 310 The only term for salmon or trout current in western Europe which may originally have had the same application in primitive Indo-European is German Lachs ‘salmon’ (Old High German laks), on the basis of such cognates as Prussian lasasso, Lithuanian lasziszà, Lettish lasis, [etc.].

Compounds

† Prussian acid n. Chemistry Obsolete = prussic acid n. at prussic adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous chemicals

mercury sublimy?1540

sublimate1543

sublimatum1558

sublimy1558

mercury sublimate1562

corrosive sublimate1664

sweet sublimate1664

supplement1769

Prussian acid1783

oxalic acid1788

prussic acid1788

cyanide1815

cyanuret1827

nitrobenzide1835

nitrobenzol1848

pyridine1851

nitrobenzene1852

isonitrile1871

iso-cyanide1877

1783 J. Watt Let. 14 Nov. in J. P. Muirhead Origin & Progress Mech. Inventions J. Watt (1854) II. 179 Mr. Scheele's process of making the Prussian acid.

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 488 Iron..forms, with the Prussian acid, compounds of two different kinds; the one fully saturated, the other unsaturated.

1867 B. Harte in N. Page Wilkie Collins (1995) lii. 163 Have never seen arsenic or Prussian acid in any of the private drawers—but have seen paregoric and camphor.

† Prussian alkali n. Chemistry Obsolete potassium ferrocyanide, K₄Fe(CN)₆·3H₂O.

ΚΠ

1772 J. C. Lettsom Naturalist's & Traveller's Compan. vi. 34 Zinc is precipitated in a white powder by the Prussian alkali.

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 487 Prussian, or Pruissiated alkali, formerly called the phlogisticated alkali, is an alkali united to a particular tinging substance by the intermediation of iron, calcined.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 757 A determinate quantity of the Prussian alkali must be tried previously.

Prussian binding n. Needlework (now rare) a binding (binding n. 5b) with a silk face and a cotton reverse.

ΚΠ

1830 Times 11 Dec. 2/1 A superior and fashionable nap great coat, Genoa velvet collar, silk Prussian binding £4 4s.

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 412/2 Prussian bindings. These are designed for the binding of mantles, dressing-gowns, and waterproofs... They consist of a silk face and cotton back, having a diagonal twill.

1932 D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 113/1 Neaten the bottom of a fitting sleeve with lute ribbon or Prussian binding.

Prussian brown n. a deep brown pigment derived from Prussian blue by oxidation or by admixture with another pigment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments

brown1549

umberc1568

castory1590

wood-colour1622

burnt umbera1650

Cologne earth1658

Spanish brown1660

raw umber1702

bistre1728

Siena1787

raw sienna1797

Terra Siennaa1817

sepia1821

brown ochre1823

bone brown1831

indigo-brown1838

mummy1854

Cassel brown1860

Prussian brown1860

mineral brown1869

Cappagh brown1875

Verona brown1889

1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) III. 545 Prussian brown, a fine deep brown colour obtained by adding the yellow prussiate of potash (ferroprussiate) to a solution of sulphate of copper.

1889 Cent. Dict. at Brown a. and n. Prussian brown, a pigment used by artists, prepared by calcining an aluminous Prussian blue... It is orange-brown, and resembles burnt sienna, but is not so rich in tone.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 598/1 There are pigments, such as Prussian brown, light red and burnt sienna, which owe their hues to a process of actual calcination.

1993 Stud. Conservation 38 246 Often he used the names of pigments as colour descriptions, which implies he was familiar with less well-known pigments such as Prussian brown.

Prussian carp n. a freshwater fish native to eastern Europe, Carassius gibelio (family Cyprinidae), often regarded as a form of the crucian carp ( C. carassius) or as a wild subspecies of the goldfish ( C. auratus).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > unspecified and miscellaneous types

snot-fish1655

gilt char1673

vrac1673

carp1789

kurper1831

Prussian carp1836

grass carp1885

saddle carp1888

zebrafish1914

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 311 (heading) The Crucian Carp. Prussian Carp. Crowger.

1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 591 The Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius) is much subject to variation of form; very lean examples are commonly called ‘Prussian Carps’.

1969 A. Wheeler Fishes Brit. Isles & N.-W. Europe 187/1 Others consider that the fish native to eastern Europe (C. auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1783)—the ‘Prussian Carp’) is subspecifically distinct from the Asiatic goldfish (C. a. auratus).

1991 P. S. Maitland & R. N. Campbell Freshwater Fishes Brit. Isles xv. 184 Crucian Carp Carassius carassius... Crowger, Gibel Carp, Prussian Carp.

Prussian collar n. a high, upright, military-style collar.

ΚΠ

1823 Edinb. Advertiser 19 Dec. 396/2 Blue frock, Prussian collar, epaulets, black waist belt, sash, &c. and cocked hat and plume.

1955 J. E. Liberty Pract. Tailoring (ed. 2) xi. 211 The Prussian or Double collar, is made to button up to the neck and has a small stand. There are variations of this type, from the style very like the double linen collar worn with a tie, to that where the fall lies flatter on the fronts and does not fit so closely to the stand, 2 to 3½ in. fall, as on uniforms.

1998 G. O'Hara Callan Dict. Fashion & Fashion Designers 193/1 The Prussian collar has frequently been adapted to fashion garments.

Prussian green n. a green pigment derived from Prussian blue, by oxidation or by admixture with another pigment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > green colouring matter > [noun] > pigment or dye > other pigments

vert1481

verditer1505

green bice1548

sap1572

sap-green1578

terre-verte1658

verditer1665

ultramarine blue (or colour)1686

emerald1712

Prussian green1738

Saxon green1753

verditel1778

Brunswick green1790

mountain green1822

Vienna green1825

bladder-green1830

Verona green1835

mitis green1839

Paris green1847

Hooker's green1860

Guignet's green1862

emerald green1879

silk green1880

viridian1882

Cassel green1885

Milori green1885

Victoria green1890

Montpellier green1930

cadmium green1934

guaco1936

Monastral1936

1738 J. Hoofnail New Pract. Improvem. Exper. Colours Contents p. viii A Way to make Prussian Green.

1842 G. W. Francis Dict. Arts Prussian Green, a celebrated pigment, consisting of an imperfect Prussian blue, containing excess of the oxyde of iron, to which the yellow tincture of French berries is added.

1939 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) III. 473/1 Oxidising agents such as chlorine and nitric acid frequently give rise to green solutions and green precipitates (‘Prussian green’).

1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 44 His blue in all probability was a ‘Prussian Green’ (a Winsor & Newton tube color, a mixture of Prussian blue and gamboge, a.k.a. Hooker's green).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prussian
释义	Prussiann.adj. Brit. /ˈprʌʃn/, U.S. /ˈprəʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1500s Prussien, 1500s– Prussian, 1800s Prooshan (humorous), 1800s Prooshun (humorous), 1800s Proosian (humorous), 1800s– Prooshian (chiefly humorous). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Prussianus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Prussianus, adjective (from 13th cent. in British sources as Prucianus , Prucinus , Pruscenus ) < Prussia (see note below) + classical Latin -ānus -an suffix. Compare also post-classical Latin Prissani , plural noun (9th cent.), Prussiensis , adjective (second half of the 10th cent. in an apparently isolated attestation). In quot. 1554 at sense A. 1 via Middle French prussien (1540 in the passage translated in this quot.). Compare earlier pruce adj., spruce adj.¹ 1The post-classical Latin name Prussia (late 10th or early 11th cent. as Pruscia , Pruzzia ; also Prucia , Prusia , Pruzia , Pruzcia , Prussya , Pruzsya , etc.; also Pruzze (late 10th cent.)) is derived < Prussi (late 10th or early 11th cent. as Pruzzi ; also Prusci , Pruci , Prusi , Pruzi , etc.), Latinized form of the name of a Baltic people (Old Prussians), who inhabited a territory on the south-east shores of the Baltic Sea, comprising parts of modern day Poland, Russia, and Lithuania. The origin of the name is uncertain and disputed. Other post-classical Latin names of the people were Borussi (see Borussian n. and adj.), and Pruteni (see Prutenic adj. and n.). Compare Middle Low German prūsse, prǖsse, prūse, prūze, etc., Middle High German priuze, priuz (nouns) inhabitant of Prussia (German Preuße), Middle Low German prūssisch, prūsisch, prūzesch, etc., Middle High German priuzisch (adjectives) Prussian (German preußisch); also, denoting Prussia, Middle Low German Prūssen, Prǖssen, Prūsen, Prūzen, etc., Middle High German Priuzen, Priuzenlant (German Preußen), and Old Prussian Prūsa, Lithuanian Prūsija, Polish Prusy. The area originally inhabited by the Old Prussians was conquered in the 13th cent. by the Knights of the Teutonic Order and formed a state within the Holy Roman Empire; in 1466 the western part of this was lost to Poland, the rest became a duchy in 1525; in the 17th cent. the duchy came under the rule of the elector of Brandenburg, who in 1701 assumed the title of König in Preußen, King in Prussia. In 1871 Prussia was subsumed into the newly founded state of Germany (then the German Empire), of which it remained an administrative unit until its final dissolution in 1947. A. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Prussia (see etymological note). Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of Easterling1253 Sprucier1443 Suevian1549 High German1550 Low German1550 Prussian1554 Lusatian1555 Westphalian1576 Borussian1607 Rhinelander1608 Eastman1610 Belgic1615 Franconian1615 Thuringian1618 Swab1637 spruce1640 Silesian1669 Swabian1675 palatinate1709 Hessian1729 Saxon1737 Austrasian1833 East German1838 Balt1854 West German1855 Württemberger1896 Sudeten1938 East German1947 West German1947 Saarlander1955 Ossi1989 Wessi1990 1554 W. Prat tr. J. Boemus Discr. Aphrique Prol. sig. Bvi^v The Germaynes, Italyons, Spanyardes, Frenchemen, Scottes, Iryshmen, the Danes, Liuones Prussiens [Fr. Prussiens, L. Prussii]. 1565 R. Shacklock tr. S. Hozjusz Hatchet of Heresies f. 2^v This agrement of fayth..floryshed among..the Germanes..Catholyke Russians, Prussians, or Masouians. 1611 T. Coryate Crambe sig. b2^v An old paire of stockings which a Prussian of Koningsberg gaue him, wherein inhabited some oraculous vermine. 1677 E. Browne Acct. Trav. Germany 82 To the Classis, or Natio Saxonum, were reduced Saxons..Prussians, Livonians. 1746 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 112 The King of Sardinia..has made himself as considerable in the scale as the Prussian. 1778 S. P. Adye Treat. Courts Martial (ed. 2) ii. 146 With regard to modern punishments, the gantlope has been adopted, not only by the Prussians, but most other German powers. 1800 M. Trench Remains (1862) 86 I dined also again with the Arnsteins, who I see hate the Austrian government. She is a Prussian, and according to the late cant phrase ‘That accounts for it’. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xix. 239 Some people..may be Rooshans, and some may be Prooshans; they are born so, and will please themselves. 1895 Argosy Sept. 501/2 Prince William..enjoyed advantages in the way of learning and instruction such as no other Prussian could hope of obtaining. 1914 R. Brooke Let. 24 Aug. (1968) 611 To Hell with the Prooshians. 1929 W. Ray tr. W. Hegemann Frederick the Great 122 The patient Prussians had barely two more years to wait before death came to rid them of their great king. 1990 C. Tighe Gdansk (BNC) 66 The Prussians lacked political, military and economic power against the might of revolutionary France. 2. More fully blue Prussian. = Prussian blue n. 3. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pea > other types of pea or pea-plant rouncival1570 garden pea1573 field pease1597 vale-grey1615 rose pea1629 hotspur1663 seven-year pea1672 rathe-ripe1677 huff-codc1680 pigeon pea1683 hog-pease1686 shrub pea1691 field pea1707 pea1707 crown pea1726 maple rouncival1731 marrowfat1731 moratto1731 pig pea1731 sickle-pea1731 hog pea1732 maple pea1732 marrow pea1733 black eye?1740 egg-pea1744 magotty bay bean1789 Prussian1804 maple grey1805 partridge pea1812 Prussian blue1822 scimitar1834 marrow1855 fill-basket1881 string-pea1891 mattar1908 vining pea1959 1804 J. Gardiner Amer. Gardener 43 Spanish morottos, rouncivals, prussians, green and white, marrowfats, and other large late peas are the kinds to sow this month. 1836 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants (rev. ed.) 622 The grey pea, cultivated in agriculture, is by some considered as a species, though it is obviously a mere variety, not further removed from the frame pea than is the blue Prussian, or the crown pea. 1902 T. W. Sanders Encycl. Gardening (ed. 5) 296 Prussians: small, thin-skinned blue seeds. 1921 H. K. Hayes Breeding Crop Plants i. 7 In 1820 flowers of Blue Prussian pea, which has bluish seeds, were pollinated with pollen of Dwarf Spanish. 3. The medieval West Baltic language of the Old Prussian people; = Old Prussian n. 1. Now rare.Recorded earliest in Old Prussian n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Baltic > Old Prussian Old Prussian1841 Prussian1841 1841 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. 3 The Livonian,..the Old Prussian, and the Lithuanian of Lithuania, constituting the Lithuanic stock [of languages]. 1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 11 The Baltic division consists of Prussian [Ger. das Preussische], Lithuanian, and Lettic. 1946 Rev. Politics 8 44 The language was still so widespread in 1545 that Duke Albrecht had Luther's catechism translated into ‘Prussian’. 1972 W. B. Lockwood Panorama Indo-European Lang. 139 A catechism, in Prussian and German, was twice printed in 1545. 4. = Prussian blue n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific azurec1374 lapis lazulia1425 litmusc1503 verditer1505 florey1527 bice1548 smalt1558 smalts1591 smalt1598 ultramarine1598 litmus blue1612 verditer1665 ultramarine blue (or colour)1686 blue sublimate1700 Prussian blue1724 terre bleue1728 starch blue1742 king's blue1778 verditel1778 Antwerp brown1787 Berlin blue1794 lacmus1794 Antwerp blue1795 French blue1802 lapis1811 Waterloo blue1815 Waterloo1823 cobalt1835 Thénard's blue1837 iron blue1839 turnsole1839 permanent blue1863 opal blue1880 Haarlem blue1885 cyanine blue1886 cerulean blue1889 Victoria blue1890 Milori blue1899 Prussian1911 Windsor blue1912 gentianine1927 Monastral1936 Alcian Blue1947 1911 O. Onions Widdershins iv. 154 The daylight had gone, but I knew that ‘Prussian’ would be about the colour for the eyes. 1990 Herald (Nexis) 12 Sept. 13 Opulent colors predominate..such as ruby, dark purple, sienna, prussian and chocolate in flowing shirts and contrasting bustiers in washed silks. B. adj. 1. Of or relating to Prussia or its inhabitants; (also) designating something characteristically identified with or reputed to come from Prussia. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > parts of Germany Suevical1560 Swevical1560 Prussian1565 Suevian1574 Thuringian1607 Franconian1608 Suevic1638 High German1640 Saxonic1647 Saxon1654 Swabian1684 Saxonian1761 Hanoverian1775 Low German1808 East German1849 West German1850 West German1946 Balt1954 the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Germanic region > [adjective] > Prussia spruce1378 pruce1389 Prussian1702 Borussian1718 1565 R. Shacklock tr. S. Hozjusz Hatchet of Heresies (verso title page) Fixing his eye on Prussian grounde, He sawe holy Hosius makyng this boke. 1599 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations I. 146 Then fiue Prussian horsemen came riding and tooke them, deliuering them bounde to the custodie of two. 1611 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. ii. 344 With Transyluania, Seruia, and Panonia, The Prussian Plains, and ouer all Polonia. 1677 P. Meadows Narr. Princip. Actions Wars Sueden & Denmark 117 To the end that by this revolution they might better open and secure their Trade with Dantzick and the Prussian Ports. 1702 Toland Acct. Court of Prussia (1705) 36 'Tis at Berlin that his Prussian Majesty dos commonly keep his Court. 1754 W. Faucitt (title) Regulations for the Prussian Infantry. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 422 A Prussian Author..has lately favoured the World with various productions. 1852 G. W. Johnson Cottage Gardeners' Dict. 531/2 Lactuca Lettuce... Imperial Grand Admirable, Prussian, Large Roman. 1883 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 815 This tendency to over-legislation has long been the predominating evil feature of Prussian administration. 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Oct. 827/1 One of the objects of the Prussian campaign, a masterpiece of politico-military strategy, was to separate Prussia and Saxony. 1990 B. Burrough & J. Helyar Barbarians at Gate ii. 56 As a young man, he had been an Army instructor, and he brought that blunt, Prussian style to the executive suite. 2. Of, relating to, or designating the medieval West Baltic language of the Old Prussian people; = Old Prussian adj. rare.Recorded earliest in Old Prussian adj. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > ancient people of central and eastern Europe > [adjective] Helvetian1559 Getan1572 Getic1573 Cimbrian1607 Old Prussian1765 Prussian1765 Cimbric1781 Bulgarian1797 1765 D. Fenning et al. New Syst. Geogr. (new ed.) II. 76/1 Some authors suppose that the former inhabitants, alluding to their proximity to the Russians, called themselves Porussi, or bordering on the Russians, for po, in the old Prussian language, signifies near. 1879 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1877–9 53 Of great importance for the vocabulary and etymology is..a German and Prussian vocabulary, edited by Nesselmann [Note Ein deutsch-preussisches Vocabularium..1868]. 1955 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 86 310 The only term for salmon or trout current in western Europe which may originally have had the same application in primitive Indo-European is German Lachs ‘salmon’ (Old High German laks), on the basis of such cognates as Prussian lasasso, Lithuanian lasziszà, Lettish lasis, [etc.]. Compounds † Prussian acid n. Chemistry Obsolete = prussic acid n. at prussic adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous chemicals mercury sublimy?1540 sublimate1543 sublimatum1558 sublimy1558 mercury sublimate1562 corrosive sublimate1664 sweet sublimate1664 supplement1769 Prussian acid1783 oxalic acid1788 prussic acid1788 cyanide1815 cyanuret1827 nitrobenzide1835 nitrobenzol1848 pyridine1851 nitrobenzene1852 isonitrile1871 iso-cyanide1877 1783 J. Watt Let. 14 Nov. in J. P. Muirhead Origin & Progress Mech. Inventions J. Watt (1854) II. 179 Mr. Scheele's process of making the Prussian acid. 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 488 Iron..forms, with the Prussian acid, compounds of two different kinds; the one fully saturated, the other unsaturated. 1867 B. Harte in N. Page Wilkie Collins (1995) lii. 163 Have never seen arsenic or Prussian acid in any of the private drawers—but have seen paregoric and camphor. † Prussian alkali n. Chemistry Obsolete potassium ferrocyanide, K₄Fe(CN)₆·3H₂O. ΚΠ 1772 J. C. Lettsom Naturalist's & Traveller's Compan. vi. 34 Zinc is precipitated in a white powder by the Prussian alkali. 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 487 Prussian, or Pruissiated alkali, formerly called the phlogisticated alkali, is an alkali united to a particular tinging substance by the intermediation of iron, calcined. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 757 A determinate quantity of the Prussian alkali must be tried previously. Prussian binding n. Needlework (now rare) a binding (binding n. 5b) with a silk face and a cotton reverse. ΚΠ 1830 Times 11 Dec. 2/1 A superior and fashionable nap great coat, Genoa velvet collar, silk Prussian binding £4 4s. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 412/2 Prussian bindings. These are designed for the binding of mantles, dressing-gowns, and waterproofs... They consist of a silk face and cotton back, having a diagonal twill. 1932 D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 113/1 Neaten the bottom of a fitting sleeve with lute ribbon or Prussian binding. Prussian brown n. a deep brown pigment derived from Prussian blue by oxidation or by admixture with another pigment. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments brown1549 umberc1568 castory1590 wood-colour1622 burnt umbera1650 Cologne earth1658 Spanish brown1660 raw umber1702 bistre1728 Siena1787 raw sienna1797 Terra Siennaa1817 sepia1821 brown ochre1823 bone brown1831 indigo-brown1838 mummy1854 Cassel brown1860 Prussian brown1860 mineral brown1869 Cappagh brown1875 Verona brown1889 1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) III. 545 Prussian brown, a fine deep brown colour obtained by adding the yellow prussiate of potash (ferroprussiate) to a solution of sulphate of copper. 1889 Cent. Dict. at Brown a. and n. Prussian brown, a pigment used by artists, prepared by calcining an aluminous Prussian blue... It is orange-brown, and resembles burnt sienna, but is not so rich in tone. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 598/1 There are pigments, such as Prussian brown, light red and burnt sienna, which owe their hues to a process of actual calcination. 1993 Stud. Conservation 38 246 Often he used the names of pigments as colour descriptions, which implies he was familiar with less well-known pigments such as Prussian brown. Prussian carp n. a freshwater fish native to eastern Europe, Carassius gibelio (family Cyprinidae), often regarded as a form of the crucian carp ( C. carassius) or as a wild subspecies of the goldfish ( C. auratus). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > unspecified and miscellaneous types snot-fish1655 gilt char1673 vrac1673 carp1789 kurper1831 Prussian carp1836 grass carp1885 saddle carp1888 zebrafish1914 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 311 (heading) The Crucian Carp. Prussian Carp. Crowger. 1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 591 The Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius) is much subject to variation of form; very lean examples are commonly called ‘Prussian Carps’. 1969 A. Wheeler Fishes Brit. Isles & N.-W. Europe 187/1 Others consider that the fish native to eastern Europe (C. auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1783)—the ‘Prussian Carp’) is subspecifically distinct from the Asiatic goldfish (C. a. auratus). 1991 P. S. Maitland & R. N. Campbell Freshwater Fishes Brit. Isles xv. 184 Crucian Carp Carassius carassius... Crowger, Gibel Carp, Prussian Carp. Prussian collar n. a high, upright, military-style collar. ΚΠ 1823 Edinb. Advertiser 19 Dec. 396/2 Blue frock, Prussian collar, epaulets, black waist belt, sash, &c. and cocked hat and plume. 1955 J. E. Liberty Pract. Tailoring (ed. 2) xi. 211 The Prussian or Double collar, is made to button up to the neck and has a small stand. There are variations of this type, from the style very like the double linen collar worn with a tie, to that where the fall lies flatter on the fronts and does not fit so closely to the stand, 2 to 3½ in. fall, as on uniforms. 1998 G. O'Hara Callan Dict. Fashion & Fashion Designers 193/1 The Prussian collar has frequently been adapted to fashion garments. Prussian green n. a green pigment derived from Prussian blue, by oxidation or by admixture with another pigment. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > green colouring matter > [noun] > pigment or dye > other pigments vert1481 verditer1505 green bice1548 sap1572 sap-green1578 terre-verte1658 verditer1665 ultramarine blue (or colour)1686 emerald1712 Prussian green1738 Saxon green1753 verditel1778 Brunswick green1790 mountain green1822 Vienna green1825 bladder-green1830 Verona green1835 mitis green1839 Paris green1847 Hooker's green1860 Guignet's green1862 emerald green1879 silk green1880 viridian1882 Cassel green1885 Milori green1885 Victoria green1890 Montpellier green1930 cadmium green1934 guaco1936 Monastral1936 1738 J. Hoofnail New Pract. Improvem. Exper. Colours Contents p. viii A Way to make Prussian Green. 1842 G. W. Francis Dict. Arts Prussian Green, a celebrated pigment, consisting of an imperfect Prussian blue, containing excess of the oxyde of iron, to which the yellow tincture of French berries is added. 1939 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) III. 473/1 Oxidising agents such as chlorine and nitric acid frequently give rise to green solutions and green precipitates (‘Prussian green’). 1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 44 His blue in all probability was a ‘Prussian Green’ (a Winsor & Newton tube color, a mixture of Prussian blue and gamboge, a.k.a. Hooker's green). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1554
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