prudentialadj.adv.n.

Brit.

/prʊˈdɛnʃl/,

/pruːˈdɛnʃl/, U.S.

/pruˈdɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/

Forms: late Middle English prudenciall, late Middle English 1600s prudencial, 1600s prudentiall, 1600s– prudential, 1700s prodanshal (North American); Scottish pre-1700 prudenciall, 1700s– prudential.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin prūdentia , -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < classical Latin prūdentia prudence n. + -al suffix¹. Compare post-classical Latin prudentialis (9th cent. in Acta Sanct. Boll. (1887) 64; 1646 in a British source).

A. adj.

a. Of, relating to, or of the nature of prudence; characterized by or proceeding from forethought, deliberation, good sense, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > characterized by prudence

prudentc1425

prudentialc1454

c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 55 (MED) Þer ben þre maners of wisdom..sciencial wisdom..prudencial wisdom, which is þe hiȝer parti of ech special prudence assignable, and craftial wisdom.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 98 Allace is all thy wit prudenciall In vane consaittis..Generit [etc.].

1641 G. Digby Speech against Earle of Strafford 12 We must not proceed upon..the defailance of Prudentiall fitnesse, with a pretence of Legall justice.

1652 E. Walsingham (title) Arcana Aulica: or..manual of prudential maxims for the states-man and the courtier.

1664 R. Cudworth Let. 8 Sept. in J. Worthington Diary & Corr. (1855) II. i. 135 There are..some prudential reasons why I should make some public acknowledgment of my obligations to him.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 181. ¶7 To this I might add many other Religious, as well as many Prudential Considerations.

1784 S. Johnson Let. 12 Aug. (1994) IV. 367 In matters of human judgement, and prudential consideration, consider the publick voice.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xvii. 260 His words and his kindness penetrated the heart of our hero, and easily outweighed all prudential motives.

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. vi. 214 It is with reference to the prudential virtues, that they [sc. peasant proprietors] offer the most striking contrast to our hired labourers.

1909 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Avonlea xiv. 159 His face reddened and he twitched his reins angrily; but the next second prudential considerations checked him.

1992 M. Loughlin Public Law & Polit. Theory (BNC) 71 Human associations..can be viewed as being structured in terms of either prudential or moral practices.

b. prudential affairs n. now historical (in New England) matters of local administration judged to be manageable by the exercise of prudence and discretion, and dealt with separately from those matters which may involve legislation, legal action, etc.; cf. senses A. 2b and C. 1a.

ΚΠ

1644 in H. M. Burt First Cent. Hist. Springfield (1898) I. 175 Power to order in all the prudential affaires of the Towne.

1738 Rec. Colony Rhode Island (1859) IV. 547 The prudential affairs of the said town.

a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) I. 243 Seven men, inhabitants, able, discreet and of good conversation, to be Select-men, or Townsmen, to take care of the order, and prudential affairs, of the town.

1859 J. Ballard (title) Reasons for the appointment of a committee, to investigate the prudential affairs of the Old South Church in Boston.

1985 New Eng. Q. 58 591 Fairfield's statement affirmed the town's privilege to order all of its own prudential affairs.

2. Of a person.

a. That exercises prudence; discreet, cautious; far-sighted.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent

prudenta1382

warea1400

discreetc1400

vertyc1425

canny1581

prudential1647

sickerc1662

advisive1663

discretionary1712

discretional1778

1647 H. More Philos. Poems 37 Prudentiall men and of a mighty reach.

1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos iii. 84 O ye Studentall, more than truly Prudential searchers of the Scriptures.

1728 tr. P. Sarpi Treat. Beneficiary Matters ix. 28 To be a worldly and prudential Man was a better Qualification for a Bishop, than to be a good Casuist.

1786 ‘A. Pasquin’ Children of Thespis 65 Let the Ladies quit trade, like prudential Maskins, And mend, in a corner, the king's galligaskins.

1823 W. Scott Peveril I. iii^*. 69 The side of the Puritans was also deserted at this period by a numerous class of more thinking and prudential persons, who never forsook them till they became unfortunate.

1869 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast (rev. ed.) 448 A boy who could not be prudential, and who caught at every chance for adventure.

1959 J. W. Krutch Human Nature & Human Condition ii. 37 All prudential moralists used to agree that to live within one's income was the first requisite for a materially secure existence.

1994 Harper's Mag. Apr. 49/1 The authors of Human Sexuality were prudential—but, admit, less repressive than the authors of Antioch University's rules governing what it calls ‘interactions’.

b. In New England: appointed to conduct the administrative affairs of a town, church, university, etc. Cf. sense C. 1a. Now chiefly historical.

ΚΠ

1647 in G. A. Schofield Anc. Rec. Ipswich (1899) 7 Dec. There was chosen for the prudentiall [printed yrudentiall] men for this year, Major Dennison, John Tuttle, [etc.].

1648 in New-Eng. Historical & Geneal. Reg. (1850) IV. 30 It is this day ordered by..the prudentiall men for the affaires of the Towne that [etc.].

1685 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1867) I. 48 About one thousand acres..were divided and parcelled out by the servants of Capt. Mason and others, the select, or prudential men (of the town of Portsmouth), as they were called.

1795 J. Sullivan Hist. Maine 221 In the year 1661, seven men were chosen to take care of the town affairs, under the denomination of prudential men.

1823 Baptist Mag. 4 24 Monday evening was assigned for the missionaries to receive the instructions of the Prudential Committee.

1910 N.Y. Evening Post 26 Nov. (Suppl.) 10 During his..25 years as member of the prudential committee, he has missed but one meeting.

2006 A. F. Holland Nathan B. Young & Struggle over Black Higher Educ. iv. 88 The heads of all the departments made up the Prudential Committee... This was the executive committee of the college.

†B. adv.

Prudently or wisely; = prudentially adv. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adverb] > prudently

prudentlya1382

discreetlyc1390

prudentialc1460

well-advisedly1525

cannily1581

discreet1592

prudentially1641

discreetfully1737

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 381 The hoost of Southwork..al thing wrouȝt prudenciall, as sobir man & wise.

†C. n.

1. In plural.

a. Matters relating to or dependent upon the exercise of prudence; (in New England) matters of local administration judged to be manageable by the exercise of prudence and discretion, and dealt with separately from those matters which may involve legislation, legal action, etc.; = prudential affairs n. at sense A. 1b. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1644 T. Hill Season for Englands Selfe-reflection 34 You seek not to bring down divine Institutions into meere State prudentials.

1646 Col. Rec. Massachusetts 4 Nov. II. 180 Every township, or such as are deputed to order the prudentialls thereof, shall have power to present to the Quarter Court all idle and unprofitable persons.

1648 T. Hill Trvth & Love 32 Divers things may be..better, and more safely settled as Prudentials, as Humane Constitutions, then as Divine Constitutions.

1697 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1881) VII. 228 Voted that the prudentials of the town is left to the judgment and discretion of the Selectmen.

1721 Canton (Mass.) Rec. 7 The Assassars was Chosen a committee for To manege the Prodanshals of This precinct.

1774 E. Wheelock in F. Chase Hist. Dartmouth Coll. (1891) I. 263 Agreed with Frederick Earnest..to take the care of the kitchen, and inspect and conduct the prudentials of it.

1824 C. M. Sedgwick Redwood III. xix. 41 Elder Freeborn..has the care of the prudentials. At any rate, I have received this money upon his check.

1891 F. Chase in F. Chase Hist. Dartmouth Coll. (1891) I. 565 The condition of the College in its prudentials was such as might well have led any one to hesitate to take the helm.

b. Prudential considerations. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > prudence > prudential considerations

prudentials1646

1646 S. Sheppard Famers Fam'd 17 What devices have they had of Prudentialls, and expedients, to delay and pervert what is good?

1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 23 I hear prudentials much pressed upon us, why we should not call the old Peers.

1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil ii. x. 353 Prudentials restrain him in all his other Actings with Mankind.

1756 A. Welwood Meditations 148 Your fine subtilties, drawn from prudentials and politics, are now laid before sun and moon.

1827 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 565 As regards the prudentials of such an engagement, there will be additional means more than equal to any additional expenditure.

1851 Times 26 Nov. 7/6 An abandonment of the common mercantile prudentials is the more censurable in such a trader.

c. Prudential faculties. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > prudence, discretion > [noun] > faculties of

prudentialsc1661

c1661 T. St. Serfe Scout of Cockeny 5 The Hoggin-Moggin had sleept sufficiently after a plentifull Carrouse, their prudentials led them to this Cautious result [etc.].

1679 R. Mayhew in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1886) VII. Ps. cxxxv. 4 Will not a man that is not defective in his prudentials secure his jewels?

1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 282 He puts forth his prudentials in providing for his safety.

1751 Mem. Lady of Quality in T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle III. lxxxviii. 104 I have incurred the imputation of folly, in the opinion of this wife and honest generation, by whose example and advice I have, since that time, been a little reformed in point of prudentials.

1789 ‘A. Pasquin’ Poems II. 206 Her name will be scoff'd if she wants such prudentials, Like a weak plenipo who's forgot his credentials.

2. A prudential maxim or precept. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun] > moral

moralityc1390

moralc1528

affabulation1641

prudential1719

moralism1836

maxim1883

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 204 Religion joyn'd in with this Prudential, and I was convinc'd [etc.].

1734 I. Watts Reliquiæ Juveniles xlii. 155 The Maxims of that Philosopher are everlasting Truth, and his Prudentials will stand the Test in all Ages.

3. A person who urges prudence. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1864 A. De Morgan Let. 24 Apr. in R. P. Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton (1889) III. 604 I shall shock all the mathematical prudentials by standing up for the bare uncloaked infinitesimals.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prudential
释义	prudentialadj.adv.n. Brit. /prʊˈdɛnʃl/, /pruːˈdɛnʃl/, U.S. /pruˈdɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/ Forms: late Middle English prudenciall, late Middle English 1600s prudencial, 1600s prudentiall, 1600s– prudential, 1700s prodanshal (North American); Scottish pre-1700 prudenciall, 1700s– prudential. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin prūdentia , -al suffix¹. Etymology: < classical Latin prūdentia prudence n. + -al suffix¹. Compare post-classical Latin prudentialis (9th cent. in Acta Sanct. Boll. (1887) 64; 1646 in a British source). A. adj. 1. a. Of, relating to, or of the nature of prudence; characterized by or proceeding from forethought, deliberation, good sense, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > characterized by prudence prudentc1425 prudentialc1454 c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 55 (MED) Þer ben þre maners of wisdom..sciencial wisdom..prudencial wisdom, which is þe hiȝer parti of ech special prudence assignable, and craftial wisdom. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 98 Allace is all thy wit prudenciall In vane consaittis..Generit [etc.]. 1641 G. Digby Speech against Earle of Strafford 12 We must not proceed upon..the defailance of Prudentiall fitnesse, with a pretence of Legall justice. 1652 E. Walsingham (title) Arcana Aulica: or..manual of prudential maxims for the states-man and the courtier. 1664 R. Cudworth Let. 8 Sept. in J. Worthington Diary & Corr. (1855) II. i. 135 There are..some prudential reasons why I should make some public acknowledgment of my obligations to him. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 181. ¶7 To this I might add many other Religious, as well as many Prudential Considerations. 1784 S. Johnson Let. 12 Aug. (1994) IV. 367 In matters of human judgement, and prudential consideration, consider the publick voice. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xvii. 260 His words and his kindness penetrated the heart of our hero, and easily outweighed all prudential motives. View more context for this quotation 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. vi. 214 It is with reference to the prudential virtues, that they [sc. peasant proprietors] offer the most striking contrast to our hired labourers. 1909 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Avonlea xiv. 159 His face reddened and he twitched his reins angrily; but the next second prudential considerations checked him. 1992 M. Loughlin Public Law & Polit. Theory (BNC) 71 Human associations..can be viewed as being structured in terms of either prudential or moral practices. b. prudential affairs n. now historical (in New England) matters of local administration judged to be manageable by the exercise of prudence and discretion, and dealt with separately from those matters which may involve legislation, legal action, etc.; cf. senses A. 2b and C. 1a. ΚΠ 1644 in H. M. Burt First Cent. Hist. Springfield (1898) I. 175 Power to order in all the prudential affaires of the Towne. 1738 Rec. Colony Rhode Island (1859) IV. 547 The prudential affairs of the said town. a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) I. 243 Seven men, inhabitants, able, discreet and of good conversation, to be Select-men, or Townsmen, to take care of the order, and prudential affairs, of the town. 1859 J. Ballard (title) Reasons for the appointment of a committee, to investigate the prudential affairs of the Old South Church in Boston. 1985 New Eng. Q. 58 591 Fairfield's statement affirmed the town's privilege to order all of its own prudential affairs. 2. Of a person. a. That exercises prudence; discreet, cautious; far-sighted. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent prudenta1382 warea1400 discreetc1400 vertyc1425 canny1581 prudential1647 sickerc1662 advisive1663 discretionary1712 discretional1778 1647 H. More Philos. Poems 37 Prudentiall men and of a mighty reach. 1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos iii. 84 O ye Studentall, more than truly Prudential searchers of the Scriptures. 1728 tr. P. Sarpi Treat. Beneficiary Matters ix. 28 To be a worldly and prudential Man was a better Qualification for a Bishop, than to be a good Casuist. 1786 ‘A. Pasquin’ Children of Thespis 65 Let the Ladies quit trade, like prudential Maskins, And mend, in a corner, the king's galligaskins. 1823 W. Scott Peveril I. iii^. 69 The side of the Puritans was also deserted at this period by a numerous class of more thinking and prudential persons, who never forsook them till they became unfortunate. 1869 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast* (rev. ed.) 448 A boy who could not be prudential, and who caught at every chance for adventure. 1959 J. W. Krutch Human Nature & Human Condition ii. 37 All prudential moralists used to agree that to live within one's income was the first requisite for a materially secure existence. 1994 Harper's Mag. Apr. 49/1 The authors of Human Sexuality were prudential—but, admit, less repressive than the authors of Antioch University's rules governing what it calls ‘interactions’. b. In New England: appointed to conduct the administrative affairs of a town, church, university, etc. Cf. sense C. 1a. Now chiefly historical. ΚΠ 1647 in G. A. Schofield Anc. Rec. Ipswich (1899) 7 Dec. There was chosen for the prudentiall [printed yrudentiall] men for this year, Major Dennison, John Tuttle, [etc.]. 1648 in New-Eng. Historical & Geneal. Reg. (1850) IV. 30 It is this day ordered by..the prudentiall men for the affaires of the Towne that [etc.]. 1685 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1867) I. 48 About one thousand acres..were divided and parcelled out by the servants of Capt. Mason and others, the select, or prudential men (of the town of Portsmouth), as they were called. 1795 J. Sullivan Hist. Maine 221 In the year 1661, seven men were chosen to take care of the town affairs, under the denomination of prudential men. 1823 Baptist Mag. 4 24 Monday evening was assigned for the missionaries to receive the instructions of the Prudential Committee. 1910 N.Y. Evening Post 26 Nov. (Suppl.) 10 During his..25 years as member of the prudential committee, he has missed but one meeting. 2006 A. F. Holland Nathan B. Young & Struggle over Black Higher Educ. iv. 88 The heads of all the departments made up the Prudential Committee... This was the executive committee of the college. †B. adv. Prudently or wisely; = prudentially adv. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adverb] > prudently prudentlya1382 discreetlyc1390 prudentialc1460 well-advisedly1525 cannily1581 discreet1592 prudentially1641 discreetfully1737 c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 381 The hoost of Southwork..al thing wrouȝt prudenciall, as sobir man & wise. †C. n. 1. In plural. a. Matters relating to or dependent upon the exercise of prudence; (in New England) matters of local administration judged to be manageable by the exercise of prudence and discretion, and dealt with separately from those matters which may involve legislation, legal action, etc.; = prudential affairs n. at sense A. 1b. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1644 T. Hill Season for Englands Selfe-reflection 34 You seek not to bring down divine Institutions into meere State prudentials. 1646 Col. Rec. Massachusetts 4 Nov. II. 180 Every township, or such as are deputed to order the prudentialls thereof, shall have power to present to the Quarter Court all idle and unprofitable persons. 1648 T. Hill Trvth & Love 32 Divers things may be..better, and more safely settled as Prudentials, as Humane Constitutions, then as Divine Constitutions. 1697 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1881) VII. 228 Voted that the prudentials of the town is left to the judgment and discretion of the Selectmen. 1721 Canton (Mass.) Rec. 7 The Assassars was Chosen a committee for To manege the Prodanshals of This precinct. 1774 E. Wheelock in F. Chase Hist. Dartmouth Coll. (1891) I. 263 Agreed with Frederick Earnest..to take the care of the kitchen, and inspect and conduct the prudentials of it. 1824 C. M. Sedgwick Redwood III. xix. 41 Elder Freeborn..has the care of the prudentials. At any rate, I have received this money upon his check. 1891 F. Chase in F. Chase Hist. Dartmouth Coll. (1891) I. 565 The condition of the College in its prudentials was such as might well have led any one to hesitate to take the helm. b. Prudential considerations. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > prudence > prudential considerations prudentials1646 1646 S. Sheppard Famers Fam'd 17 What devices have they had of Prudentialls, and expedients, to delay and pervert what is good? 1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 23 I hear prudentials much pressed upon us, why we should not call the old Peers. 1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil ii. x. 353 Prudentials restrain him in all his other Actings with Mankind. 1756 A. Welwood Meditations 148 Your fine subtilties, drawn from prudentials and politics, are now laid before sun and moon. 1827 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 565 As regards the prudentials of such an engagement, there will be additional means more than equal to any additional expenditure. 1851 Times 26 Nov. 7/6 An abandonment of the common mercantile prudentials is the more censurable in such a trader. c. Prudential faculties. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > prudence, discretion > [noun] > faculties of prudentialsc1661 c1661 T. St. Serfe Scout of Cockeny 5 The Hoggin-Moggin had sleept sufficiently after a plentifull Carrouse, their prudentials led them to this Cautious result [etc.]. 1679 R. Mayhew in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1886) VII. Ps. cxxxv. 4 Will not a man that is not defective in his prudentials secure his jewels? 1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 282 He puts forth his prudentials in providing for his safety. 1751 Mem. Lady of Quality in T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle III. lxxxviii. 104 I have incurred the imputation of folly, in the opinion of this wife and honest generation, by whose example and advice I have, since that time, been a little reformed in point of prudentials. 1789 ‘A. Pasquin’ Poems II. 206 Her name will be scoff'd if she wants such prudentials, Like a weak plenipo who's forgot his credentials. 2. A prudential maxim or precept. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun] > moral moralityc1390 moralc1528 affabulation1641 prudential1719 moralism1836 maxim1883 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 204 Religion joyn'd in with this Prudential, and I was convinc'd [etc.]. 1734 I. Watts Reliquiæ Juveniles xlii. 155 The Maxims of that Philosopher are everlasting Truth, and his Prudentials will stand the Test in all Ages. 3. A person who urges prudence. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1864 A. De Morgan Let. 24 Apr. in R. P. Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton (1889) III. 604 I shall shock all the mathematical prudentials by standing up for the bare uncloaked infinitesimals. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.adv.n.c1454
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