prudentadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpruːd(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ˈprudnt/

Forms: Middle English preudent, Middle English prodent, Middle English pruden, Middle English–1600s prudente, Middle English– prudent, 1600s proudent (Scottish).

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prudent; Latin prūdent-, prūdēns.

Etymology: < Middle French, French prudent wise, sensible (early 12th cent. in Old French), characterized by prudence (1455) and its etymon classical Latin prūdent-, prūdēns having foreknowledge (rare), aware, knowing, exercising foresight, discreet, circumspect, skilled, sagacious, clever, characterized by prudence, contracted < prōvidēns provident adj. Compare Catalan prudent (1460), Spanish prudente (a1250), Portuguese prudente (14th cent.), Italian prudente (late 12th cent.). Compare earlier prudence n.

A. adj.

1. Of a person: acting with or showing forethought; having or exercising sound judgement in practical or financial affairs; circumspect, discreet, cautious; far-sighted. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > prudence, discretion > [adjective]

warec888

wiseOE

adviseda1325

witty1340

prudenta1382

thoughtfula1400

wisea1400

well-advisedc1405

visablea1450

canny1581

judicious1598

serious-minded1694

expedient1828

far-seeing1837

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent

prudenta1382

warea1400

discreetc1400

vertyc1425

canny1581

prudential1647

sickerc1662

advisive1663

discretionary1712

discretional1778

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Psalms cxviii. 98 Vp on myn enemys, prudent [L. prudentem] þou madest me with þyn heste.

c1390 G. Chaucer Physician's Tale 110 She was so prudent and so bounteuous.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 232 (MED) As A primat most preudent, I present here sensyble buschopys of þe lawe.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 54 Thai suld..wirk efter hir wordis, that woman wes so prudent.

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour iii. sig. K.viii Cyrus..Prudent, and full of pollicye.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie i. v. 19 That most prudent Prince King Henry the Seuenth.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 430 So stears the prudent Crane Her annual Voiage, born on Windes.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. vi. 71 All rash adventures are condemn'd by the prudent part of mankind.

1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman viii. 307 I do not say that a prudent, worldly-wise man..may not sometimes obtain a more smooth reputation than a wiser or a better man.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 144 The prudent partner of his blood..Wearing the rose of womanhood.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) iii. vii. 287 Fourteen whites..[were] speared by some indignant father of a family; the figure was given me by one of their contemporaries who had been more prudent and survived.

1938 ‘N. Shute’ Ruined City i. 5 We've come to you rather than to one of them fly-by-night financial houses because we're prudent business folk.

1960 P. Anderson High Crusade xiii. 104 They were more prudent and forethoughtful than we.

1991 Sci. Amer. Oct. 109/2 A cache of food hoarded in its burrow by a lowly yet prudent peanut worm.

2004 T. Botha Mongo i. 18 Martha Stewart would announce that the old-and-crusty look was recherché, causing people to be more prudent about what they threw out.

†2. Wise, discerning, knowledgeable. Obsolete.Although this specific sense is obsolete, it is clear that some idea of wisdom persists as a component of sense A. 1. In particular, the earlier Middle English quots. at sense A. 1 appear to involve an idea of wisdom as well as of discretion, good sense, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > [adjective]

glewc725

wiselyc900

snoterc950

wiseOE

keena1000

witterc1100

redewisec1225

redefulc1275

well-donec1275

witfulc1275

sage1297

redya1325

heartya1382

prudenta1382

hearteda1425

subtilea1450

sapient1471

Palladian1562

wittiful1590

judicious1591

cordate1651

sophical1739

sophica1773

sapientious1852

unbesotted1875

sapiential1882

a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) v. 4 I sall lesen..þe wisdome of wyse men, & þe prudence of prudent men I schall reprouen; þe verrey wisdome schall spyll þe fals wysdome.

?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 640 By the sentence off prudent Salamon.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xv. 101 The philosophour socrates quhilk vas iugit to be the maist prudent man in the vniuersal varld.

1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue Ep. Ded. sig. *.ij Salomon the sonne of holy Dauid a prudent Kyng.

1586 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Quarto MS (1920) lxviii. 33 Prudent poetis..Hes so thair name extold That [etc.].

1669 T. Vaughan Brief Nat. Hist. 22 That prudent Philosopher and sage Historian, doth not only relate, but approve and commendeth it as a sign of godliness and devotion.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxxvi. 303 Now the Learnedst and most Prudent Philosophers are not ashamed to be seen entring in at the Porches and Frontispieces of the Schools of the Pyrronian, Aporetick, Sceptick, and Ephectick Sects.

3. Of conduct, action, etc.: characterized by, exhibiting, or proceeding from prudence; judicious, sensible.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > characterized by prudence

prudentc1425

prudentialc1454

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 3707 Þoruȝ her prudent medyacioun..With kyng Thoas she myȝt eschaunged be.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Interp. & Virtues Mass 464 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 107 (MED) Pease ys cause of all felycyte Of folk gouernyd by prudent polycy.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) v. 22 They folowed not theyr fleshe so vycious, But ruled it by prudent governaunce.

a1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 248 His [sc. Christ's] pithie prudent parabols.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 211 Thus..discharged he the function of his calling..with prudent and magnanimous virilitie.

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. i. §17 'Tis prejudice enough against the prudentest advice, that it comes from their parents.

1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 30 Sept. (O.H.S.) II. 57 'Tis the prudenter Way not to know it.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. iii. i. 29 His..prudent and enlightened policy had ever been crowned with ultimate success.

1892 A. Bierce Tales of Soldiers & Civilians 271 He had been ordered to accompany his superior, and at the moment could think of nothing more prudent than simulated alacrity in obedience.

1942 G. M. Trevelyan Eng. Social Hist. 315 Courts Martial, by a prudent provision of the Mutiny Act, might only take place before dinner.

1995 Harper's Mag. Mar. 52/1 In politics there is nothing wrong and everything prudent in changing the game plan at halftime if necessary to win.

B. n.

With the: prudent people as a class. In early use also: †a prudent person (obsolete).In quot. 1790: †that which is prudent (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > prudence > prudent person

prudenta1382

prudentialist1649

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa.iii.3: Þe lordshipere lord of hostis shal don awei fro ierusalem..þe prudent of priue speche.

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1516 (MED) Sette vp in ordir euery man his sheeld, Whil princys and prudentys parte a feeld.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xi. f. xv Thou hast hid these thynges from the wyse and prudent. And hast opened them vnto babes.

1639 T. B. tr. J.-P. Camus Certain Moral Relations in S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 144 Every one..soone growes distastfull of the prudent, because that he cannot be surprized.

1692 W. Walsh Lett. & Poems 92 Curse on the Prudent and the Wise, Who ne'er believe such pleasing Lyes.

1753 S. Fielding David Simple: Vol. the Last vi. 70 Whole Families..expecting to be supported in Idleness by the Prudent and Industrious!

1790 By-stander 247 Then touching upon the prudent, he entreated it might remain some little time a secret.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxii. 219 He took a rash step in doing anything for the boy, and one that might expose him to the censure of the prudent.

1891 G. Gissing New Grub St. II. xiii. 2 Boundless faith in his own judgment urged him to an initial outlay which made the prudent shake their heads.

1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 107 Of course the prudent and far-seeing would eat and drink none of these things.

1989 P. O'Brian Thirteen-gun Salute i. 11 Yet the prudent and uxorious amounted to so small a proportion of the frigate's people.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	prudent
释义	prudentadj.n. Brit. /ˈpruːd(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈprudnt/ Forms: Middle English preudent, Middle English prodent, Middle English pruden, Middle English–1600s prudente, Middle English– prudent, 1600s proudent (Scottish). Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prudent; Latin prūdent-, prūdēns. Etymology: < Middle French, French prudent wise, sensible (early 12th cent. in Old French), characterized by prudence (1455) and its etymon classical Latin prūdent-, prūdēns having foreknowledge (rare), aware, knowing, exercising foresight, discreet, circumspect, skilled, sagacious, clever, characterized by prudence, contracted < prōvidēns provident adj. Compare Catalan prudent (1460), Spanish prudente (a1250), Portuguese prudente (14th cent.), Italian prudente (late 12th cent.). Compare earlier prudence n. A. adj. 1. Of a person: acting with or showing forethought; having or exercising sound judgement in practical or financial affairs; circumspect, discreet, cautious; far-sighted. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > prudence, discretion > [adjective] warec888 wiseOE adviseda1325 witty1340 prudenta1382 thoughtfula1400 wisea1400 well-advisedc1405 visablea1450 canny1581 judicious1598 serious-minded1694 expedient1828 far-seeing1837 the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent prudenta1382 warea1400 discreetc1400 vertyc1425 canny1581 prudential1647 sickerc1662 advisive1663 discretionary1712 discretional1778 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Psalms cxviii. 98 Vp on myn enemys, prudent [L. prudentem] þou madest me with þyn heste. c1390 G. Chaucer Physician's Tale 110 She was so prudent and so bounteuous. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 232 (MED) As A primat most preudent, I present here sensyble buschopys of þe lawe. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 54 Thai suld..wirk efter hir wordis, that woman wes so prudent. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour iii. sig. K.viii Cyrus..Prudent, and full of pollicye. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie i. v. 19 That most prudent Prince King Henry the Seuenth. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 430 So stears the prudent Crane Her annual Voiage, born on Windes. View more context for this quotation 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. vi. 71 All rash adventures are condemn'd by the prudent part of mankind. 1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman viii. 307 I do not say that a prudent, worldly-wise man..may not sometimes obtain a more smooth reputation than a wiser or a better man. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 144 The prudent partner of his blood..Wearing the rose of womanhood. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) iii. vii. 287 Fourteen whites..[were] speared by some indignant father of a family; the figure was given me by one of their contemporaries who had been more prudent and survived. 1938 ‘N. Shute’ Ruined City i. 5 We've come to you rather than to one of them fly-by-night financial houses because we're prudent business folk. 1960 P. Anderson High Crusade xiii. 104 They were more prudent and forethoughtful than we. 1991 Sci. Amer. Oct. 109/2 A cache of food hoarded in its burrow by a lowly yet prudent peanut worm. 2004 T. Botha Mongo i. 18 Martha Stewart would announce that the old-and-crusty look was recherché, causing people to be more prudent about what they threw out. †2. Wise, discerning, knowledgeable. Obsolete.Although this specific sense is obsolete, it is clear that some idea of wisdom persists as a component of sense A. 1. In particular, the earlier Middle English quots. at sense A. 1 appear to involve an idea of wisdom as well as of discretion, good sense, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > [adjective] glewc725 wiselyc900 snoterc950 wiseOE keena1000 witterc1100 redewisec1225 redefulc1275 well-donec1275 witfulc1275 sage1297 redya1325 heartya1382 prudenta1382 hearteda1425 subtilea1450 sapient1471 Palladian1562 wittiful1590 judicious1591 cordate1651 sophical1739 sophica1773 sapientious1852 unbesotted1875 sapiential1882 a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) v. 4 I sall lesen..þe wisdome of wyse men, & þe prudence of prudent men I schall reprouen; þe verrey wisdome schall spyll þe fals wysdome. ?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 640 By the sentence off prudent Salamon. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xv. 101 The philosophour socrates quhilk vas iugit to be the maist prudent man in the vniuersal varld. 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue Ep. Ded. sig. .ij Salomon the sonne of holy Dauid a prudent Kyng. 1586 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Quarto MS* (1920) lxviii. 33 Prudent poetis..Hes so thair name extold That [etc.]. 1669 T. Vaughan Brief Nat. Hist. 22 That prudent Philosopher and sage Historian, doth not only relate, but approve and commendeth it as a sign of godliness and devotion. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxxvi. 303 Now the Learnedst and most Prudent Philosophers are not ashamed to be seen entring in at the Porches and Frontispieces of the Schools of the Pyrronian, Aporetick, Sceptick, and Ephectick Sects. 3. Of conduct, action, etc.: characterized by, exhibiting, or proceeding from prudence; judicious, sensible. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > characterized by prudence prudentc1425 prudentialc1454 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 3707 Þoruȝ her prudent medyacioun..With kyng Thoas she myȝt eschaunged be. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Interp. & Virtues Mass 464 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 107 (MED) Pease ys cause of all felycyte Of folk gouernyd by prudent polycy. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) v. 22 They folowed not theyr fleshe so vycious, But ruled it by prudent governaunce. a1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 248 His [sc. Christ's] pithie prudent parabols. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 211 Thus..discharged he the function of his calling..with prudent and magnanimous virilitie. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. i. §17 'Tis prejudice enough against the prudentest advice, that it comes from their parents. 1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 30 Sept. (O.H.S.) II. 57 'Tis the prudenter Way not to know it. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. iii. i. 29 His..prudent and enlightened policy had ever been crowned with ultimate success. 1892 A. Bierce Tales of Soldiers & Civilians 271 He had been ordered to accompany his superior, and at the moment could think of nothing more prudent than simulated alacrity in obedience. 1942 G. M. Trevelyan Eng. Social Hist. 315 Courts Martial, by a prudent provision of the Mutiny Act, might only take place before dinner. 1995 Harper's Mag. Mar. 52/1 In politics there is nothing wrong and everything prudent in changing the game plan at halftime if necessary to win. B. n. With the: prudent people as a class. In early use also: †a prudent person (obsolete).In quot. 1790: †that which is prudent (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > prudence > prudent person prudenta1382 prudentialist1649 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa.iii.3: Þe lordshipere lord of hostis shal don awei fro ierusalem..þe prudent of priue speche. a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1516 (MED) Sette vp in ordir euery man his sheeld, Whil princys and prudentys parte a feeld. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xi. f. xv Thou hast hid these thynges from the wyse and prudent. And hast opened them vnto babes. 1639 T. B. tr. J.-P. Camus Certain Moral Relations in S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 144 Every one..soone growes distastfull of the prudent, because that he cannot be surprized. 1692 W. Walsh Lett. & Poems 92 Curse on the Prudent and the Wise, Who ne'er believe such pleasing Lyes. 1753 S. Fielding David Simple: Vol. the Last vi. 70 Whole Families..expecting to be supported in Idleness by the Prudent and Industrious! 1790 By-stander 247 Then touching upon the prudent, he entreated it might remain some little time a secret. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxii. 219 He took a rash step in doing anything for the boy, and one that might expose him to the censure of the prudent. 1891 G. Gissing New Grub St. II. xiii. 2 Boundless faith in his own judgment urged him to an initial outlay which made the prudent shake their heads. 1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 107 Of course the prudent and far-seeing would eat and drink none of these things. 1989 P. O'Brian Thirteen-gun Salute i. 11 Yet the prudent and uxorious amounted to so small a proportion of the frigate's people. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.a1382
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