prudencen.

Brit.

/ˈpruːdns/, U.S.

/ˈprudns/

Forms: Middle English prudens, Middle English prudent (transmission error), Middle English prwdens, Middle English– prudence; Scottish pre-1700 proudens, pre-1700 prowdence, pre-1700 prowdens, pre-1700 prudens, pre-1700 1700s– prudence, 1900s– prudance.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prudence; Latin prūdentia.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French prudence wisdom, common sense (c1200 in Old French) and its etymon classical Latin prūdentia foresight, providence, practical understanding, proficiency, wisdom, sagacity < prūdent- , prūdēns prudent adj. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix (compare classical Latin prōvidēntia providence n.). Compare Catalan prudència (14th cent.), Spanish prudencia (c1430 or earlier), Portuguese prudência (14th cent.), Italian prudenza (a1292). Compare later prudency n.Apparently attested earlier as a surname (e.g. Adam Prudence (1203)), although it is unclear whether this reflects the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word.

a. The ability to recognize and follow the most suitable or sensible course of action; good sense in practical or financial affairs; discretion, circumspection, caution.In early use: the wisdom to see what is virtuous, seen as one of the four cardinal virtues.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > prudence, discretion > [noun]

redeOE

counsel1297

discretion1340

prudence1340

redinessc1425

prudencya1456

discreetness1530

canniness1638

judiciousness1644

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > prudence

warshipc888

discretion1340

prudence1340

vesynessc1425

advisivenessa1450

prudencya1456

vertynessc1485

discreetness1530

take-heed1596

canniness1638

prudentiality1646

considerateness1651

prudentialness1659

prudentnessc1661

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 152 (MED) Þe þinges þet byeþ y-pased, he hise deþ beþenche; þe þinges þet byeþ present, he deþ his onderstonde and to y-zy; þe þinges þet byeþ to comene, he deþ poruay and ordayny; and þise byeþ þe þri deles of þe uirtue of prudence.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 34 (MED) I graunte..to summe þe vertu of..prudence, temperaunce, pacience.

c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross Middle Eng. Serm. (1940) 252 (MED) Haa, good Lord God, where is þe feyȝth of Abraam, þe good hope of Ysaak, þe prudens of Iacob?

a1513 W. Dunbar Tabill of Confessioun in Poems (1998) I. 270 Anarmyng me; With fortitud, prudence and temporance.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. cccl^v Prudence is goodly wysdome in knowyng of thynges.

a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) i. xi. 102 Prudence is a vertue by which a man doth worke rightly to happinesse.

1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely ii. 103 The War was more like a tumultuous Robbing than a War manag'd with prudence.

1731 G. Lillo London Merchant iv. x. 45 His bloody Hands show he has done the Deed, but show he wants the Prudence to conceal it.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. viii. 264 Her prudence..had saved her from mentioning the name of Valancourt to Montoni.

1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman vii. 105 Prudence, the soul's stern sacristan.

1898 Argosy Apr. 21 It made him happy to see her enjoy luxuries which were denied those of thrice her income who had not her natural tact and prudence.

1926 Amer. Mercury Mar. 305/1 A slight degree of moderation, of prudence, a little ordinary and even cool kindness or good will.

1951 ‘C. S. Forester’ Randall & River of Time (U.K. ed.) ix. 123 They might even..have remained engaged until now if 1914 had not come along to shake him out of his prudence and lead him into marriage on his first leave.

1991 Economist 5 Oct. 37/1 The government will have something to celebrate on October 8th, the anniversary of sterling's entry into the European exchange-rate mechanism (ERM)—though prudence suggests it had better be a quiet celebration.

b. An instance of prudent behaviour or judgement; a prudent act. Now rare.

ΚΠ

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2652 (MED) At Rome also Was Tullius with Cithero That writen..Hou that men schal the wordes pike After the forme of eloquence, Which is, men sein, a gret prudence.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 2300 (MED) I hold it no prudence To Fortune, ful of doubilnes..to putte oure sikernes.

c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 141 (MED) Thys maner of doyng is comendabyl, and þis prudens is to be preysid.

1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull xv. f. ccxlv Al these worldly prudences and wisedomes.

1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 36 In despight of those wonted prudences, and usual resistances.

1719 Free-thinker No. 89 The Scholar alone is the Sufferer, by over-looking the petty Prudences of Life.

1796 F. Burney Camilla I. ii. iii. 188 I don't much chuse to have my girls go to these sort of places often, which is a prudence that I dare say you approve as much as myself.

1863 M. O. Oliphant Doctor's Family vii, in Rector & Doctor's Family 138 ‘You mistake,’ cried the doctor, startled out of all his prudences.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 291 A night when the ordinary prudences and severities of conscience might be..placed behind the perceptions.

1904 H. James Golden Bowl II. xxxviii. 291 She heard her ask..what tone, in God's name..she was then to adopt, and..she heard..Amerigo reply..that one must really manage such prudences a little for one's self.

1943 Times 5 Jan. 5/7 This man..was..condemned to the prudences and cautions of high office.

†2. Wisdom; wise words; knowledge of or skill in a matter. Cf. jurisprudence n. and note at prudent adj. 2. Obsolete (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > [noun]

righteousnesseOE

snoterc950

witnessc950

wisdomOE

insightc1175

witc1175

smeighnessc1200

sleighta1300

witternessa1300

inwitc1305

wittiheadc1315

wisenessc1320

witterheda1325

wisehede1340

slyness1357

sapience1377

wisdomhood138.

prudencea1382

sapienta1400

sentencec1400

advice?a1439

sophyc1440

profunditya1500

wittiness1543

Minerva1601

depth1605

Sophia1649

visionariness1817

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job xxxii. 11 I haue abiden ȝoure woordis, herde ȝoure prudence [L. prudentiam] whil ȝee stryuen in ȝoure woordis.

c1384 Prol. Catholic Epist. (N.Y. Publ. Lib.) in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (1850) IV. 594 In othere epistolis..hou myche fro oure otheris making discordith, I leue to the prudence of the redere.

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Eph. iii. 4 Ȝee..myghten vnderstande my prudence in þe mynysterye of crist.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 4750 (MED) Prudence is callid wit and sapience, And needes moot real magnificence Be prudent.

c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 1019 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 92 For, gyf hym wantis sic prudence [to answer questions], he suld nocht cum in ȝour presence.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 243 (MED) Þis ȝonge holy dameselle was experte, wyse, and discrete bothe in Godis wysdom and in the prudence of man.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Radegunde (c1525) sig. bi^v She had suche wysdone and singuler grace... By her great prudence and exortacion The kyng was moued to grace and pitie.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Baruch iii. 9 Harken with your eares, that you may know prudence.

1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. i. 7 He..resigned himself to the most exact prudence of the Magi, to be formed.

a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1698) ii. §xv. 128 We know of no prudence surpassing the human, unless it be the divine.

a1859 R. Choate Addr. (1878) 235 In his [sc. Webster's] profession of politics, nothing..worthy of attention had escaped him; nothing of the ancient or modern prudence.

†3. Foresight; providence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > divine providence

the ways of GodeOE

providencea1382

purveyinga1382

purveyancec1385

(God's, divine) foresighta1400

prudencec1425

proviancec1460

provisionc1460

pronoia1874

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 4529 (MED) Prudence..hath prouyded Þat a regne in hit silfe deuided Shal recurles tourne wilde and wast.

a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome f. 320, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Als lang as the Romanis..saw be thar prudens the thingis to cum as in a merour.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xi. §6. 320 Then must it be, either by Chance, or by Prudence.

1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature vi. 239 'Tis my settled opinion that Divine prudence is often at least conversant in a peculiar manner, about the actions of men.

1761 tr. C. Batteux Course Belles Lettres I. i. iii. iii. 108 The one foresees every thing that human prudence can foresee.

†4. A gathering or group of vicars. Obsolete. rare.One of many alleged group names found in late Middle English glossarial sources.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > vicar > [noun] > collectively

prudencea1450

vicarage1485

a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 604 (MED) A prudens of vygares.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. F vj A Prudens of vikeris.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prudence
释义	prudencen. Brit. /ˈpruːdns/, U.S. /ˈprudns/ Forms: Middle English prudens, Middle English prudent (transmission error), Middle English prwdens, Middle English– prudence; Scottish pre-1700 proudens, pre-1700 prowdence, pre-1700 prowdens, pre-1700 prudens, pre-1700 1700s– prudence, 1900s– prudance. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prudence; Latin prūdentia. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French prudence wisdom, common sense (c1200 in Old French) and its etymon classical Latin prūdentia foresight, providence, practical understanding, proficiency, wisdom, sagacity < prūdent- , prūdēns prudent adj. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix (compare classical Latin prōvidēntia providence n.). Compare Catalan prudència (14th cent.), Spanish prudencia (c1430 or earlier), Portuguese prudência (14th cent.), Italian prudenza (a1292). Compare later prudency n.Apparently attested earlier as a surname (e.g. Adam Prudence (1203)), although it is unclear whether this reflects the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word. 1. a. The ability to recognize and follow the most suitable or sensible course of action; good sense in practical or financial affairs; discretion, circumspection, caution.In early use: the wisdom to see what is virtuous, seen as one of the four cardinal virtues. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > prudence, discretion > [noun] redeOE counsel1297 discretion1340 prudence1340 redinessc1425 prudencya1456 discreetness1530 canniness1638 judiciousness1644 the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > prudence warshipc888 discretion1340 prudence1340 vesynessc1425 advisivenessa1450 prudencya1456 vertynessc1485 discreetness1530 take-heed1596 canniness1638 prudentiality1646 considerateness1651 prudentialness1659 prudentnessc1661 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 152 (MED) Þe þinges þet byeþ y-pased, he hise deþ beþenche; þe þinges þet byeþ present, he deþ his onderstonde and to y-zy; þe þinges þet byeþ to comene, he deþ poruay and ordayny; and þise byeþ þe þri deles of þe uirtue of prudence. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 34 (MED) I graunte..to summe þe vertu of..prudence, temperaunce, pacience. c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross Middle Eng. Serm. (1940) 252 (MED) Haa, good Lord God, where is þe feyȝth of Abraam, þe good hope of Ysaak, þe prudens of Iacob? a1513 W. Dunbar Tabill of Confessioun in Poems (1998) I. 270 Anarmyng me; With fortitud, prudence and temporance. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. cccl^v Prudence is goodly wysdome in knowyng of thynges. a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) i. xi. 102 Prudence is a vertue by which a man doth worke rightly to happinesse. 1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely ii. 103 The War was more like a tumultuous Robbing than a War manag'd with prudence. 1731 G. Lillo London Merchant iv. x. 45 His bloody Hands show he has done the Deed, but show he wants the Prudence to conceal it. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. viii. 264 Her prudence..had saved her from mentioning the name of Valancourt to Montoni. 1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman vii. 105 Prudence, the soul's stern sacristan. 1898 Argosy Apr. 21 It made him happy to see her enjoy luxuries which were denied those of thrice her income who had not her natural tact and prudence. 1926 Amer. Mercury Mar. 305/1 A slight degree of moderation, of prudence, a little ordinary and even cool kindness or good will. 1951 ‘C. S. Forester’ Randall & River of Time (U.K. ed.) ix. 123 They might even..have remained engaged until now if 1914 had not come along to shake him out of his prudence and lead him into marriage on his first leave. 1991 Economist 5 Oct. 37/1 The government will have something to celebrate on October 8th, the anniversary of sterling's entry into the European exchange-rate mechanism (ERM)—though prudence suggests it had better be a quiet celebration. b. An instance of prudent behaviour or judgement; a prudent act. Now rare. ΚΠ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2652 (MED) At Rome also Was Tullius with Cithero That writen..Hou that men schal the wordes pike After the forme of eloquence, Which is, men sein, a gret prudence. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 2300 (MED) I hold it no prudence To Fortune, ful of doubilnes..to putte oure sikernes. c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 141 (MED) Thys maner of doyng is comendabyl, and þis prudens is to be preysid. 1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull xv. f. ccxlv Al these worldly prudences and wisedomes. 1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 36 In despight of those wonted prudences, and usual resistances. 1719 Free-thinker No. 89 The Scholar alone is the Sufferer, by over-looking the petty Prudences of Life. 1796 F. Burney Camilla I. ii. iii. 188 I don't much chuse to have my girls go to these sort of places often, which is a prudence that I dare say you approve as much as myself. 1863 M. O. Oliphant Doctor's Family vii, in Rector & Doctor's Family 138 ‘You mistake,’ cried the doctor, startled out of all his prudences. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 291 A night when the ordinary prudences and severities of conscience might be..placed behind the perceptions. 1904 H. James Golden Bowl II. xxxviii. 291 She heard her ask..what tone, in God's name..she was then to adopt, and..she heard..Amerigo reply..that one must really manage such prudences a little for one's self. 1943 Times 5 Jan. 5/7 This man..was..condemned to the prudences and cautions of high office. †2. Wisdom; wise words; knowledge of or skill in a matter. Cf. jurisprudence n. and note at prudent adj. 2. Obsolete (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > [noun] righteousnesseOE snoterc950 witnessc950 wisdomOE insightc1175 witc1175 smeighnessc1200 sleighta1300 witternessa1300 inwitc1305 wittiheadc1315 wisenessc1320 witterheda1325 wisehede1340 slyness1357 sapience1377 wisdomhood138. prudencea1382 sapienta1400 sentencec1400 advice?a1439 sophyc1440 profunditya1500 wittiness1543 Minerva1601 depth1605 Sophia1649 visionariness1817 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job xxxii. 11 I haue abiden ȝoure woordis, herde ȝoure prudence [L. prudentiam] whil ȝee stryuen in ȝoure woordis. c1384 Prol. Catholic Epist. (N.Y. Publ. Lib.) in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (1850) IV. 594 In othere epistolis..hou myche fro oure otheris making discordith, I leue to the prudence of the redere. a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Eph. iii. 4 Ȝee..myghten vnderstande my prudence in þe mynysterye of crist. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 4750 (MED) Prudence is callid wit and sapience, And needes moot real magnificence Be prudent. c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 1019 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 92 For, gyf hym wantis sic prudence [to answer questions], he suld nocht cum in ȝour presence. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 243 (MED) Þis ȝonge holy dameselle was experte, wyse, and discrete bothe in Godis wysdom and in the prudence of man. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Radegunde (c1525) sig. bi^v She had suche wysdone and singuler grace... By her great prudence and exortacion The kyng was moued to grace and pitie. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Baruch iii. 9 Harken with your eares, that you may know prudence. 1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. i. 7 He..resigned himself to the most exact prudence of the Magi, to be formed. a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1698) ii. §xv. 128 We know of no prudence surpassing the human, unless it be the divine. a1859 R. Choate Addr. (1878) 235 In his [sc. Webster's] profession of politics, nothing..worthy of attention had escaped him; nothing of the ancient or modern prudence. †3. Foresight; providence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > divine providence the ways of GodeOE providencea1382 purveyinga1382 purveyancec1385 (God's, divine) foresighta1400 prudencec1425 proviancec1460 provisionc1460 pronoia1874 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 4529 (MED) Prudence..hath prouyded Þat a regne in hit silfe deuided Shal recurles tourne wilde and wast. a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome f. 320, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Als lang as the Romanis..saw be thar prudens the thingis to cum as in a merour. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xi. §6. 320 Then must it be, either by Chance, or by Prudence. 1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature vi. 239 'Tis my settled opinion that Divine prudence is often at least conversant in a peculiar manner, about the actions of men. 1761 tr. C. Batteux Course Belles Lettres I. i. iii. iii. 108 The one foresees every thing that human prudence can foresee. †4. A gathering or group of vicars. Obsolete. rare.One of many alleged group names found in late Middle English glossarial sources. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > vicar > [noun] > collectively prudencea1450 vicarage1485 a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 604 (MED) A prudens of vygares. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. F vj A Prudens of vikeris. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1340
随便看	θ81551 θ81552 θ81553 θ81554 θ81555 θ81556 θ81557 θ81558 θ81559 θ8156 θ81560 θ81561 θ81562 θ81563 θ81564 θ81565 θ81566 θ81567 θ81568 θ81569 θ8157 θ81570 θ81571 θ81572 θ81573