proximaladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈprɒksᵻml/, U.S.

/ˈprɑksəm(ə)l/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin proximus , -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < classical Latin proximus proxime adj.¹ + -al suffix¹.

A. adj.

1. Lying very near or close to something; proximate, immediate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > approximating or approaching

approximant1641

approximate1646

proximate1657

near1685

proximal1727

nudging1796

warm1860

approaching1874

the world > existence and causation > causation > [adjective] > of or relating to types of cause

nigh1551

next1581

procatarctical1601

procatarctic1603

objective1620

defective1624

univocala1640

proximate1641

propinque1649

proxime1649

proegumene1650

proegumenal1656

con-causal1660

proegumenical1663

propinquate1665

proegumenous1676

synectical1697

proegumenic1711

proximous1724

proximal1828

synectic1869

monocausal1937

1727 P. Longueville Hermit 71 Qualifications so proximal and suitable to my Inclinations.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Proximal.

1858 I. Mayhew School Funds & School Laws Michigan i. 151 The other [portion of air], entering the proximal end of the second wing [of the building], passes on to the end.

1884 American 7 233 The proximal cause of the glory.

1935 A. P. Herbert What a Word! iv. 113 Pavilions No. 1 and No. 2 will be devoted to ambulant female patients, who will now be more proximal to the administrative theatre.

1989 Psychol. Today Sept. 16/2 When a meeting is small, people should be seated in proximal relationships where they can all face one another.

2005 Independent (Nexis) 5 Jan. 32 If the waves had caused such damage so far away then this proximal area would have been devastated.

2. Frequently opposed to distal adj. a.

a. Anatomy and Zoology. Originally: designating a part of a limb that is nearest or nearer to the trunk. Later also: situated close or closer to the point of attachment or origin of a body part, or towards the centre of a body.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adjective] > specific

rightOE

lefta1200

lowera1400

furtherc1400

lateral?a1425

sinistera1500

upper1528

anterior?1541

inferior1563

superior1566

oblique1578

high1588

ascendant1611

prone1646

peripherial1653

internal1657

supine1661

peripherical1690

gawk1703

ascending1713

adducent1722

submental1722

adductory1752

subdorsal1783

syntropic18..

atlantal1803

mesiad1803

mesial1803

proximal1803

sternal1803

distal1808

peripheral1808

peripheric1818

ventripetal1819

submedial1825

anteriormostc1826

subvertebral1827

afferent1828

sinistral1828

rostral1834

interganglionic1835

submedian1836

mesian1837

haemal1839

supravaginal1844

neural1846

symmetrical1851

suprameatal1853

paraxial1861

posterial1866

hypaxial1873

postaxial1873

preaxial1873

transmedial1876

transmedian1876

mediad1878

horizontal1881

mesal1881

prosomatic1882

dextrad1883

paramedian1890

prorsal1890

ventro-dorsal1895

midsagittal1898

ventro-axial1902

ventro-posterior1903

ipsilateral1907

parasagittal1907

ventromedial1908

homolateral1910

suprasellar1912

supratemporal1975

1803 J. Barclay New Anat. Nomencl. 124 We may..denominate the end [of a limb] which is nearest to the trunk the Proximal end, and that which is farthest from it the Distal.

1877 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. (ed. 4) 213 A third bone..articulates only with the carpal bones on the proximal and distal sides of it.

1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 159 Examine the wrist and forefoot very carefully and see that it is composed of a proximal and distal row of carpals separated by a centrale.

1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 85 The findings were consistent with type A interruption of the aortic arch, in which all the arteries to the head, neck, and upper extremities arise from the proximal aortic arch.

1995 J. S. Ryland in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe xi. 629 The end of the zooid nearest the origin of the [bryozoan] colony is termed proximal, while the end furthest away is distal.

b. In extended use: closer to a centre, axis, or point of attachment; (Physiology, with respect to a direction of flow, conduction, etc.) closer to the source or point of entry.

ΚΠ

1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. i. iv. 88 To place a clamp on the vessel on the proximal side of the ligature.

1882 D. Hooper in Standard 10 Oct. 2/2 The drainage-pipes are..very imperfectly..connected at their proximal or house termination.

1900 Bot. Gaz. 29 160 The absorbing region is seen to consist of a slender, proximal portion..penetrating the epidermal wall of the cell, within which it enlarges into a vesicular, distal portion.

1943 H. Davson in H. Davson & J. F. Danielli Permeability Nat. Membranes xx. 289 From Bowman's capsule a short neck leads into a proximal convoluted tubule and this into a U-shaped portion, the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle.

1970 Nature 19 Dec. 1225/1 There is a gradient of dormancy within the spikelet, the larger proximal seed being less dormant than the smaller distal seed.

2004 Plant Physiol. 135 300/2 The proximal sheath wraps around the stem and the distal blade lies flat to optimize photosynthesis.

c. Geology. Close or closer to a sedimentation zone, volcanic vent, or other region of geological activity.

ΚΠ

1934 Geografiska Annaler 16 17 Such changing lobes and interlobes are of course apt to affect the normal thickness of the varve-succession at a single locality and are an important cause to the local thickness deviations of certain proximal varves.

1949 Sedimentary Rocks xiv. 444 The terms ‘proximal’, ‘axial’, or ‘distal’ also may be applied to the deposits according to their position in the trough of deposition. The proximal sediments are those coarse clastics nearest the source area.

1985 R. Thorpe & G. Brown Field Descr. Igneous Rocks v. 55 The proximal zone (ca. 5–15 km from the central vent) has a higher proportion of lava flows, with a variety of pyroclastic flow deposits.

3. Dentistry. Of, relating to, or designating a surface of a tooth which faces or touches the adjacent tooth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > substance or parts of teeth > [adjective] > between adjacent surfaces

proximal1872

interdental1875

interproximal1897

1872 Dental Cosmos. 14 225 The most satisfactory practice of making accessible the proximal cavities of the incisors and cuspids.

1908 G. V. Black Work on Operative Dentistry II. 3 Cavities occurring in the proximal surfaces of the teeth are called proximal cavities.

1944 S. Hemley Fund. Occlusion vi. 150 The teeth in the same arch in the adult dentition are normally in proximal contact with each other on both the mesial and the distal surfaces.

1993 Jrnl. Periodontol. 64 730 The treatment also affected the proximal surface of the defect-adjacent tooth.

4. Psychology. Of a stimulus: immediately responsible for the stimulation of a sense receptor.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > stimulus-response > stimulus > [adjective] > immediate

proximal1935

1935 K. Koffka Princ. Gestalt Psychol. iii. 80 The table..can be called a stimulus for our perception of a table;..the excitations to which the light rays coming from the table give rise are called the stimuli for our perception. Let us call the first the distant stimulus, the second the proximal stimuli.

1955 F. H. Allport Theories of Perception v. 147 The gestaltists point out the necessary differences between the proximal stimulus-pattern and the percept,..and attribute the ‘way things look’ to the organizing forces of the brain-field.

1991 Mind 100 20 An algorithm that maps proximal visual arrays onto perceptual judgements in such fashion that the..arrays that are caused by looking at the moon when it's near the horizon reliably elicit overestimates of size.

B. n.

Chiefly Zoology. A proximal part, feature, etc.

ΚΠ

1870 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 14 48 From the cervical proximal regions probably three vertebræ are missing... Most of the proximals have been broken medially.

1885 Science 14 Aug. 139/1 These plates..are represented by the so-called ‘proximals’, or ring of plates surrounding the central piece.

1955 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 239 21 Elevator muscles... These..are arranged in two groups, proximals and distals.

2000 Amer. Antiq. 65 730/1 Distal fragments outnumber proximals.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	proximal
释义	proximaladj.n. Brit. /ˈprɒksᵻml/, U.S. /ˈprɑksəm(ə)l/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin proximus , -al suffix¹. Etymology: < classical Latin proximus proxime adj.¹ + -al suffix¹. A. adj. 1. Lying very near or close to something; proximate, immediate. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > approximating or approaching approximant1641 approximate1646 proximate1657 near1685 proximal1727 nudging1796 warm1860 approaching1874 the world > existence and causation > causation > [adjective] > of or relating to types of cause nigh1551 next1581 procatarctical1601 procatarctic1603 objective1620 defective1624 univocala1640 proximate1641 propinque1649 proxime1649 proegumene1650 proegumenal1656 con-causal1660 proegumenical1663 propinquate1665 proegumenous1676 synectical1697 proegumenic1711 proximous1724 proximal1828 synectic1869 monocausal1937 1727 P. Longueville Hermit 71 Qualifications so proximal and suitable to my Inclinations. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Proximal. 1858 I. Mayhew School Funds & School Laws Michigan i. 151 The other [portion of air], entering the proximal end of the second wing [of the building], passes on to the end. 1884 American 7 233 The proximal cause of the glory. 1935 A. P. Herbert What a Word! iv. 113 Pavilions No. 1 and No. 2 will be devoted to ambulant female patients, who will now be more proximal to the administrative theatre. 1989 Psychol. Today Sept. 16/2 When a meeting is small, people should be seated in proximal relationships where they can all face one another. 2005 Independent (Nexis) 5 Jan. 32 If the waves had caused such damage so far away then this proximal area would have been devastated. 2. Frequently opposed to distal adj. a. a. Anatomy and Zoology. Originally: designating a part of a limb that is nearest or nearer to the trunk. Later also: situated close or closer to the point of attachment or origin of a body part, or towards the centre of a body. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adjective] > specific rightOE lefta1200 lowera1400 furtherc1400 lateral?a1425 sinistera1500 upper1528 anterior?1541 inferior1563 superior1566 oblique1578 high1588 ascendant1611 prone1646 peripherial1653 internal1657 supine1661 peripherical1690 gawk1703 ascending1713 adducent1722 submental1722 adductory1752 subdorsal1783 syntropic18.. atlantal1803 mesiad1803 mesial1803 proximal1803 sternal1803 distal1808 peripheral1808 peripheric1818 ventripetal1819 submedial1825 anteriormostc1826 subvertebral1827 afferent1828 sinistral1828 rostral1834 interganglionic1835 submedian1836 mesian1837 haemal1839 supravaginal1844 neural1846 symmetrical1851 suprameatal1853 paraxial1861 posterial1866 hypaxial1873 postaxial1873 preaxial1873 transmedial1876 transmedian1876 mediad1878 horizontal1881 mesal1881 prosomatic1882 dextrad1883 paramedian1890 prorsal1890 ventro-dorsal1895 midsagittal1898 ventro-axial1902 ventro-posterior1903 ipsilateral1907 parasagittal1907 ventromedial1908 homolateral1910 suprasellar1912 supratemporal1975 1803 J. Barclay New Anat. Nomencl. 124 We may..denominate the end [of a limb] which is nearest to the trunk the Proximal end, and that which is farthest from it the Distal. 1877 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. (ed. 4) 213 A third bone..articulates only with the carpal bones on the proximal and distal sides of it. 1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 159 Examine the wrist and forefoot very carefully and see that it is composed of a proximal and distal row of carpals separated by a centrale. 1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 85 The findings were consistent with type A interruption of the aortic arch, in which all the arteries to the head, neck, and upper extremities arise from the proximal aortic arch. 1995 J. S. Ryland in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe xi. 629 The end of the zooid nearest the origin of the [bryozoan] colony is termed proximal, while the end furthest away is distal. b. In extended use: closer to a centre, axis, or point of attachment; (Physiology, with respect to a direction of flow, conduction, etc.) closer to the source or point of entry. ΚΠ 1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. i. iv. 88 To place a clamp on the vessel on the proximal side of the ligature. 1882 D. Hooper in Standard 10 Oct. 2/2 The drainage-pipes are..very imperfectly..connected at their proximal or house termination. 1900 Bot. Gaz. 29 160 The absorbing region is seen to consist of a slender, proximal portion..penetrating the epidermal wall of the cell, within which it enlarges into a vesicular, distal portion. 1943 H. Davson in H. Davson & J. F. Danielli Permeability Nat. Membranes xx. 289 From Bowman's capsule a short neck leads into a proximal convoluted tubule and this into a U-shaped portion, the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle. 1970 Nature 19 Dec. 1225/1 There is a gradient of dormancy within the spikelet, the larger proximal seed being less dormant than the smaller distal seed. 2004 Plant Physiol. 135 300/2 The proximal sheath wraps around the stem and the distal blade lies flat to optimize photosynthesis. c. Geology. Close or closer to a sedimentation zone, volcanic vent, or other region of geological activity. ΚΠ 1934 Geografiska Annaler 16 17 Such changing lobes and interlobes are of course apt to affect the normal thickness of the varve-succession at a single locality and are an important cause to the local thickness deviations of certain proximal varves. 1949 Sedimentary Rocks xiv. 444 The terms ‘proximal’, ‘axial’, or ‘distal’ also may be applied to the deposits according to their position in the trough of deposition. The proximal sediments are those coarse clastics nearest the source area. 1985 R. Thorpe & G. Brown Field Descr. Igneous Rocks v. 55 The proximal zone (ca. 5–15 km from the central vent) has a higher proportion of lava flows, with a variety of pyroclastic flow deposits. 3. Dentistry. Of, relating to, or designating a surface of a tooth which faces or touches the adjacent tooth. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > substance or parts of teeth > [adjective] > between adjacent surfaces proximal1872 interdental1875 interproximal1897 1872 Dental Cosmos. 14 225 The most satisfactory practice of making accessible the proximal cavities of the incisors and cuspids. 1908 G. V. Black Work on Operative Dentistry II. 3 Cavities occurring in the proximal surfaces of the teeth are called proximal cavities. 1944 S. Hemley Fund. Occlusion vi. 150 The teeth in the same arch in the adult dentition are normally in proximal contact with each other on both the mesial and the distal surfaces. 1993 Jrnl. Periodontol. 64 730 The treatment also affected the proximal surface of the defect-adjacent tooth. 4. Psychology. Of a stimulus: immediately responsible for the stimulation of a sense receptor. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > stimulus-response > stimulus > [adjective] > immediate proximal1935 1935 K. Koffka Princ. Gestalt Psychol. iii. 80 The table..can be called a stimulus for our perception of a table;..the excitations to which the light rays coming from the table give rise are called the stimuli for our perception. Let us call the first the distant stimulus, the second the proximal stimuli. 1955 F. H. Allport Theories of Perception v. 147 The gestaltists point out the necessary differences between the proximal stimulus-pattern and the percept,..and attribute the ‘way things look’ to the organizing forces of the brain-field. 1991 Mind 100 20 An algorithm that maps proximal visual arrays onto perceptual judgements in such fashion that the..arrays that are caused by looking at the moon when it's near the horizon reliably elicit overestimates of size. B. n. Chiefly Zoology. A proximal part, feature, etc. ΚΠ 1870 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 14 48 From the cervical proximal regions probably three vertebræ are missing... Most of the proximals have been broken medially. 1885 Science 14 Aug. 139/1 These plates..are represented by the so-called ‘proximals’, or ring of plates surrounding the central piece. 1955 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 239 21 Elevator muscles... These..are arranged in two groups, proximals and distals. 2000 Amer. Antiq. 65 730/1 Distal fragments outnumber proximals. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1727
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