provisionn.
/prəˈvɪʒn/, U.S. /prəˈvɪʒ(ə)n/, /proʊˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ 1. † c. The action of God in providing for his creatures; the divine control and ordering of events; divine providence. Obsolete.
a. The action of supplying or equipping a household, an expedition, etc.; the providing or supplying of a commodity (esp. food); an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun]
provisiona1325
warnison1338
chevisance138.
subministrationa1425
financec1475
suppliancea1500
supply?a1513
supplement1544
furnishment1563
furnish1633
plenishment1823
provisionment1827
resourcing1917
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxii. 81 In alle oþere tounes so sal ben istablist a constable, ore tuuo, after þat te numbre is of men in toune woniinde, an te prouision of þe foreseide.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v This thre felawes made so grete prouysyon of flour for to make theyr pylgremage.
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxxiv. f. 78 Possessions sufficient for the prouisyon of his meane household.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 52 I would not have him live at his owne provision, (especially in France) it will hinder his profiting, and onely further him with some few kitchen and market phrases.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 173 As for Provision of Wine and Meat, I would provide sufficiently.
1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. Dviiiv Such necessaries and prouisions as are to be made, as of Butter, Cheese, Hering, Wood, Cole, and other whatsoever.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Herring-silver, Money formerly paid as an Equivalent for the Custom of giving a certain Quantity of Herrings for the Provision of a Religious House.
1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. xviii. 179 As for the provision for this great family, the drink is supplied by two beer-brewers, and the bread by three bakers.
1818 H. T. Colebrooke On Import Colonial Corn 23 It is the same surplus of population above the provision of necessaries, that is availing for the promotion..of the arts of peace.
1895 G. Meredith Amazing Marriage I. xv. 169 They had a hamper and were independent of stoppages for provision.
1958 Brit. Jrnl. Sociol. 9 195/2 The great majority of the men..are almost entirely dependent on cash for the provision of food, clothes and household goods.
2003 Jrnl. Econ. Lit. 41 1074 The local population had to look to the camps..even for the provision of food and household goods.
b. The action or an act of providing, preparing, or arranging in advance; the fact or condition of being prepared or made ready beforehand; preparation. In more recent use also (usually with modifying word): the making available or supplying of a service, esp. by the state.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun]
yarkingc1000
forgraithinga1300
apparellingc1315
ordinancec1330
purveyancec1330
graithinga1340
purveying1340
providencea1382
making readyc1384
preparationa1393
paring1393
provisiona1398
parelc1425
apparelc1430
parelling?a1440
ablingc1450
munition1480
preparing1497
arraya1500
readyinga1500
repurveancea1500
ordaining1509
apparation1533
preparementa1538
apprest1539
preparaturea1540
preparance1543
order1545
apparance1546
prepare1548
fore-preparationa1586
ettlingc1600
apparelment1607
parationa1617
comparation1623
address1633
apparatus1638
prep1920
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > action of providing or supplying > providing beforehand
purveyancec1300
purveying1340
provisiona1398
providence?a1475
repurveancea1500
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 299 Þis sleeþ his fader & wrekeþ þe deþ of his moder, and kynde ordeyneþ þis prouisioun [L. hoc prouide fecit natura] for such a pestilent kynde schulde nouȝt multiplie to swiþe.
a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 10 (MED) Sche gat hire tweyn good hors & a man to gryndyn mennys corne, & þus sche trostyd to getyn hir leuyng; Þis provysion duryd not longe.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 120 (MED) The kynges ordinarie charges mey alway be paid in hande, and the provision ffor hem mey alway be made in seson.
a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 292 Payd to Joh. Wedurby..for þe provicion and makyng of these premisses of the welcomyng of oure Souerayn lady the quene..xxv s.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 10 [Phormion] persauand thir tua princis entir in his scule,..but prouisione, he began to teche the ordour of the veyris.
1606 Returne from Pernassus v. ii. sig. H3 Letts both go spend our litle store, In the prouision of due furniture.
1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §6 According to occasion given and means afforded, Ex re natâ, and no need of Provision before-hand.
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes i. 7 In large Towns..this provision of a Tenth part will not do; and in other places..it will over-do.
1773 T. Leland Hist. Ireland III. v. 260 Impious temporizers labouring to conclude a peace without due provision for the interests of religion.
1840 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 3 274 The provision of work for the unemployed operatives..must have materially aided in arresting the progress of the epidemic.
1879 T. H. Huxley Hume (1881) i. 15 Due provision for education..is a right and, indeed, a duty of the state.
1958 Times 1 Aug. 5/5 The provision of authorized long-term street parking places in the vicinity of railway stations where there are insufficient off-street facilities.
1979 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 23 Mar. 1272/1 We are talking about..the individuals who will be at the front lines of health care provision.
1997 Economist 25 Jan. 82/1 The two countries are among the pioneers of electronic pension provision.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > divine providence
the ways of GodeOE
providencea1382
purveyinga1382
purveyancec1385
(God's, divine) foresighta1400
prudencec1425
proviancec1460
provisionc1460
pronoia1874
c1460 in R. Brotanek Mittelengl. Dichtungen MS 432 Trin. Coll. Dublin (1940) 117 (MED) Now shal ye here a meruelous case, Allonly þorough godes ovne prouysion.
c1475 Mankind (1969) 193 (MED) Euery man for hys degre I trust xall be partycypatt, Yf we wyll mortyfye owr carnall condycyon..To renunce þem and yelde ws wnder Godys provycyon.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 61 When the provysyon of god sendyth us sesonabul weddur.
1559 Bp. Scot in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. App. x. 32 If we woulde consider all things well, we shall see the provision of God marvellous in it.
1603 T. Bell Anat. Popish Tyrannie v. 73 By reason of the ignorance of their pilotes, or rather by the prouision of God.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity ii. i. 91 It seems onely to contain a description of a special provision of God.
1701 T. Beverley Grand Apoc. Question 9 After the Words going forth there is the Epoch of the 70 Weeks Fix'd; and in the Wise Provision of the Holy Spirit, we have an Explanation,..of the Words going forth by the Decree, or Sentential Word of the God of Israel.
2. Christian Church. Appointment to a see or benefice not yet vacant; (as a count noun) an appointment of this nature, esp. one made by the Pope in derogation of the right of the regular patron (cf. provide v. 7). Also: the document conferring such an appointment. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > benefice > advowson > [noun] > appointment to benefice not yet vacant
provisiona1387
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 339 Þe sixte Clement..ȝaf his cardinals dignytees of holy chirche þat voyded in Engelond..þerefore..þe kyng fordede provisiouns [?a1475 Harl. promisions; L. provisiones] þat þe pope hadde i-graunted and hoted þat no man schulde after þat tyme brynge suche provisiouns.
1418–19 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 292 (MED) [Master Henry Ware] haþ deliuered to vs þe bulles of prouision maad vnto hym by oure holy fader þe pope..haþ maad renunciacion of alle the Wordes contened in þe said bulles of prouision þat myghte be preiudiciel vnto vs and to oure corowne.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 163 This pope gaue þe benefices of Ynglond to þe cardinales þat were vacaunt... That herd þe kyng, and withstood it, and forbad in peyne of prisonment no man bryng no swech prouysiones into his lond.
1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas 142 The statute of Kynge Rycharde the seconde..of prouisyon and premunire.
1562 in T. Thomson Acts & Proc. Kirk of Scotl. (1839) I. 16 Persons..who have been otherwayes intrused [to kirks]..to make supplication for their provision.
1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 82 The Bishops of Rome..drew away all the wealth of the realm by their prouisions and infinite exactions.
1679 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation I. ii. 111 Then he alledged many things, for the Popes Power in granting Provisions, to prove it was of Divine Right.
1739 F. Blomefield Ess. Topogr. Hist. Norfolk II. xxxviii. 380 He was declared Bishop of Norwich by Papal Provision.
1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. viii. 107 Papal provisions were the previous nomination to such benefices, by a kind of anticipation, before they became actually void; though afterwards indiscriminately applied to any right of patronage exerted or usurped by the pope.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. vi. 219 Several remedial enactments had passed that body..especially in relation to the papal provision of foreigners to benefices.
1899 Reg. John de Grandisson III. Pref. 5 He held this Office till his Provision to the Bishoprick of Exeter.
1964 Welsh Hist. Rev. ii. 96 His elucidation of the problem of ‘provisions’ in its Welsh context is in itself a major contribution to our knowledge of the papal connection with Wales in the fourteenth century.
1999 Speculum 74 199 Although the financial income that supported the prebend that he eventually received may have been derived from parish income, his papal provision was for a canonry.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > provident foresight, prudence > [noun]
purveyancec1300
forelook1357
providencea1382
purveyinga1382
provisiona1398
advice?a1439
prospiciencea1500
fore-wit?1504
forecasta1542
providency1602
forethoughtfulness1647
prospection1659
forethought1719
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 13v By prouisioun [L. per..prouidentiam] of aungels, god vseth to turne euel men to goode.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 4170 (MED) He deuysed, bi gret prouisioun..A teritorie that callid was Asile.
a1450–1500 ( Libel Eng. Policy (1926) 1036 (MED) What had this kynge of high magnificens, Of grete corage, of wysdome and prudence, Provision, forewitte, audacite?
c1460 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 780 (MED) Al comyth of Ihesu..Prouisioun, forsight, and providence, Like as the Lord of grace list dispoose.
?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Cvjv But goodly vertue, a lady moost ornate Within gouerneth, with great prouisyon.
?1545 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture sig. B.ivv Gyue wt good wyll, & auoyde thyn enemy wt good prouision.
a1586 R. Maitland in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 29 Obedience to the authoritie ffoirsicht provisioun and experience Honour manheid iustice and prudence Quhilk gif ȝe haue ȝe sall estemit be.
1611 A. Willet Hexapla: Rom. viii. 398 Some are saued without prouision or foresight of their workes, as infants, which die in their infancie: for their good workes, which are not, could not be foreseene.
4. † b. A commission or percentage charged on mercantile transactions by an agent or factor; remuneration of this nature. Obsolete.
a. Something provided, prepared, or arranged in advance; a preparation, a prearrangement; a measure or measures taken beforehand, esp. to meet a need; a precaution.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > state of being prepared or ready > that which is prepared beforehand
provision?c1430
provise1476
purvey?1516
purvision1570
provisal1641
?c1430 J. Lydgate Daunce Machabree (Huntington) 290 For al my crafte, cunnynge, or science, I can not fynde no provisioun Ne yn the sterres serche owte no defence.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 11 Excepte ther be joynyd some gud provysyon, for theyr [sc. the seeds'] spryngyng up & gud culture.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. xvii. f. 63 He hath geuen vs prouisions and remedies.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 111 By how much less the tender helpless Kind, For their own ills, can fit Provision find. View more context for this quotation
1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 129 It will follow..that a provision which was proper for the time, may not be now effectual.
1832 H. Martineau Ella of Garveloch ii. 33 There was no step for a mast, nor provision for a rudder.
1882 Times 20 June 9/2 It is easy to sneer at such precautions and provisions.
1907 Q. Rev. Apr. 538 Trinity College is not, however, a sufficient provision for the educational needs of Ireland.
1986 Pract. Woodworking July 324/1 In normal working circumstances most safety provisions play a passive role and may never be called on to serve the purpose for which they exist.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > commission
provision1589
brokage-money1591
factorage1599
brokerage1622
commission1658
crimpage1732
commish1856
1589 H. Wotton Let. (modernized text) in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) I. 228 I have..two billes of exchaunge to his factor in Stode, there to receave the like summ in the currant money of that Cuntrie, without any manner of provision as the merchantes call it, a pacefied word for it.
1682 J. Scarlett Stile of Exchanges 135 For Courtagie of Exchanges, whether in drawing or remitting, usually one per mille is allowed for Provisions for drawing and remitting, each half per cent.
1682 J. Scarlett Stile of Exchanges 170 Provision is the Reward the Factor receives from his Principal..for his trouble.
1697 E. Hatton Merchant's Mag. (ed. 2) xi. 211 Factorage or Provision is the Wages of a Factor, and is so much to the Factor for every hundred pounds Value of the Proceed of Goods bought or sold by the said Factor.
1765 W. Gordon Universal Accountant II. ii. 326 All such transaction as would carry provision to an indifferent factor at that rate.
1800 T. H. Horne tr. L.-A. F. de Beaujour View Commerce Greece xvii. 261 The dearness of the muslins and calicoes of Bengal is increased..by the expenses incurred by the direction of the companies..by the provision for the factor in Europe, [etc.].
c. Accounting. An amount set aside out of profits against a likely or known liability or the depreciation of an asset.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose > for other purposes
alms purse1530
privy purse1565
sinking fund1717
stakea1744
pension fund1757
spare-chest1769
road fund1784
revolving fund1793
community chest1796
provident fund1817
sustentation fund1837
wages-fund1848
slush fund1874
treasury chest fund1877
fall money1883
jackpot1884
provision1895
war chest1901
juice1935
fighting fund1940
structural fund1967
appeal fund1976
1895 Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc. 10 324 The reserve requirement had forced some American bankers to keep a provision for their liabilities approximately adequate.
1938 A. M. McIsaac & G. M. Modin Social Control of Industry xiv. 343 Such provision for depreciation and maintenance comprises an additional part of the overhead.
1989 Accountancy June 71/3 The balance should be shown as a provision or prepayment as appropriate.
2000 Thames Water Ann. Rep. & Accts. 31 The provision for depreciation is based upon the average cost per cubic metre of void space consumed from the deposit of waste.
5. Each of the clauses or divisions of a legal or formal statement; a legal or formal statement providing for some particular matter; a clause in such a statement which makes an express stipulation or condition; a proviso.Applied in English History to certain early statutes or ordinances, as Provisions of Oxford (see quot. 1909).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > reservation, proviso
conditionc1315
preveance?1316
purview1442
proviso1443
provision1450
saving1478
forprise1530
cautel1541
caveat1579
postulate1588
cautiona1593
non obstante1604
reservation1606
unless1606
reservancy1630
salvo1642
reserve1644
stipulation1792
reserver1807
get-out clause1912
clausula rebus sic stantibus1939
escape clause1945
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > reservation, proviso > making particular condition
clausec1374
specialty1444
provision1450
provise1476
1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 193/2 And also that this Act or Petition extend not ne be prejudiciall unto Sir Edmond Hampden Knyght..ne that any of oure said Knyghtez or Squiers, in contrary of this oure said provision, be hurt or prejudised.
1473 Rolls of Parl. VI. 74/2 So alwey, that this Provision be not available or beneficiall to the persones aforenamed.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xi. f. 22 The grauntour maye make a prouycion in his graunt... And this prouyse had, the landes be charged and the person discharged.
1587 Acts Parl. Scotl. III. 436/1 With sic prouisionis limitationis and restrictionis as to his majestie sall seme expedient.
a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 245 With provisioun that he be not burthenned with kirks speaking the Irish tongue.
1675 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. I. 181 He joyned with Prince Edward, and other of the Loyal Nobles, in that undertaking, for the Kings observing the Award, which the King of France should make touching the Provisions of Oxford.
1735 J. Mottley Stow's Surv. London & Westm. II. iv. 210/1 There are some Penalties and Provisions in that Act, which since have been conceived not fit to be put in Execution.
1781 T. Gilbert Plan Relief Poor 14 I think some Provisions may be introduced into this Bill..for encouraging the Marriage of Persons who have been placed out by the Parishes as Servants or Apprentices.
1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 106 The principles and the provisions of the Bill would have shown..precisely what we wanted.
1886 W. Stubbs 17 Lect. Study Hist. viii. 178 The half-brothers of..Henry III..had been banished in consequence of their opposition to the Provisions of Oxford.
1909 N.E.D. at Provision Provisions of Oxford, ordinances for checking the king's misrule, and for the reformation of the government, drawn up at a meeting of the barons (nicknamed the Mad Parliament) held at Oxford, under the leadership of Sir Simon de Montfort, in 1258 (38 Henry III). Among the chief of these provisions were that parliaments should be held thrice in the year, and that four knights should be chosen by the freeholders of each county to ascertain and lay before parliament all wrongs committed by the royal officers. The refusal of the King to abide by these Provisions led to the Barons' War in 1264.
1938 Foreign Service Feb. 8/1 Congress has scarcely scratched the surface in articulating the provisions of that Act.
1988 F. Kaplan Dickens ii. 46 As an insolvent debter, his father was subject to the law's provisions.
2006 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 15 Apr. 21 a The school finance act now includes a provision that school boards must adopt policies that ensure the right to display the flag.
6. † b. A warrant for obtaining such a supply. Obsolete. rare.
a. A supply of necessities or materials; a stock or store of something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > a supply
purveyance1340
substance?c1425
providencec1450
provisionc1451
furnish1500
supply1567
reply?1592
purvey?1615
product1647
sorting1785
c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 68 (MED) Þis man had desire..þat þei [sc. monks and nuns] schuld not fayle of her dayly prouysion.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 270 Before yat euer he schape him for hors harnais na othir prouisioun for the bataill.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lvii. 193 He..hath slayn my men & led awaye all my bestes & prouysyon.
a1582 W. Bourne Inuentions or Deuises (?1590) 3 He [sc. a ship's surgeon]..to have all such prouisions as is meete for his purpose in readinesse, to the end to dresse the hurt men.
a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 59 I stayed here to gett some prouisions, as hoopes, tallow, tarre, pitch, wine, bread.
1694 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) iii. xi. 299 The provision of Words is so scanty in respect of that infinite Variety of Thoughts, that Men..will..be forced often to use the same Word, in somewhat different senses.
c1720 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture II. xiii. 20 The wood, and other numberless country provisions.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 202 Here they deposit their provision of nuts and acorns.
1821 Deb. Congr. U.S. 18 Dec. (1855) I. 28 It was the interest of the contractor to issue the cheapest provisions which could be had.
1919 J. Reed Ten Days that shook World i. 9 The reserve food-supplies were almost openly looted..until the two-years' provision of grain had fallen to less than enough to feed the city for one month.
1989 SKOOB Rev. Winter 32/3 Our dinner had been better than our scanty supper on the preceding day, because the Lieutenant had brought with him an ample provision of ham and cold beef.
ΚΠ
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) f. 127 v I sende the a prouision [Fr. vne prouision, not in Sp.], to the entent that a shippe maye be giuen the.
c. Usually in plural. A supply of food; food supplied or provided; victuals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun]
victualsa1375
substancec1384
repasta1393
kitchenc1400
tablec1405
stuff1436
acates1465
acatry1522
victualling1532
provision1555
achates1570
plate1577
avitaile1592
support1599
horn and corn1633
subsistence1640
cribbing1652
purvey1678
commissariat1811
ration1814
commissary1883
1555 R. Eden Of Ilande of saynt Thomas in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 239v If it were not that such vyttayles and prouisions were brought them owt of Spaine and Portugale, the whyte marchauntes which dwell in that Ilande..shulde not bee able to lyue there.
1585 R. Lane Let. 12 Aug. in Trans. & Coll. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 4 11 By the mere worck of God, flottynge of, wee ranne her agrounde harde to the shoare; and soo, with great spoyelle of our provysyones, saved our selves and the noble shippe also.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 394 The English for want of provisions were forced to breake up Siege.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 402 With that Both Table and Provision vanish'd quite. View more context for this quotation
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 97 Putting their Hands up to their Mouths, as a Sign that they wanted Provisions to eat.
1773 Observ. State Poor 65 A period, wherein the price of provisions is exorbitant.
1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility I. xii. 144 Cold provisions were to be taken, open carriages only to be employed, and every thing conducted in the usual stile of a complete party of pleasure.
1860 G. S. Nares Naval Cadet's Guide 68 Wet provisions. Beef, pork, suet, vinegar, rum and lime juice... Dry provisions, Peas, oat~meal, chocolate, tea, flour, raisins, sugar.
1902 H. H. Prichard Thro' Heart of Patagonia xii. 177 He seemed to have no provisions, only a bag of yerba.
1947 Mil. Affairs 11 243/2 For every hundred rations, provisions were issued at the rate of eight quarts of beans, or ten pounds of rice.
2003 Sunday Mail (Nexis) 5 Oct. 28 Our only provisions are Prosecco wine and the remains of a sinfully creamy lemon mousse cake.
d. Caribbean. Usually in plural = ground-provisions n. at ground n. Compounds 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > food plant or vegetable > [noun] > edible root(s) or bulb(s)
provision1800
groundkeeper1876
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun]
moreeOE
rootOE
bread-kind1697
provision1800
veld-kos1834
1800 Ordinance Governor Picton 30 June in G. Carmichael Hist. Trinidad & Tobago (1961) App. 380 The proprietor or attorney of every plantation shall have one quarree..of land for every ten working Negroes, planted and cultivated in provisions for the maintenance of his gang.
1854 Port of Spain Gaz. 7 Oct. 2/3 Yams, Potatos or other Provisions.
1920 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 30 Jan. 10/3 The land has not been worked yet and is simply ground for provisions.
1955 Caribbean Q. 4 i. 51 A large number of the contractors used these payments to acquire small plots of land in which they planted cocoa, provisions, and later, nutmeg trees.
1965 ‘Lauchmonen’ Old Thom's Harvest i. 11 Bet we can grow some whopping good crop of provision on that piece of land, Pa.
2004 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 31 July d10/2 Whole grain cereals are indeed a good source of fibre, but calorie for calorie, our provisions are equally beneficial.
Phrases
to make (also †have, take) provision: to make arrangements or preparations in advance for, or for the supply or benefit of, something; to provide for. †to put provision to: to provide against (obsolete). †to take provision of: to have recourse to (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > make provision for
to make (also have, take) provisiona1398
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 287 Sleyþe and besynesse of hem is moche, for þey [sc. ants] maken prouysioun and gaderen stoore [L. grana..congregat] aȝeins tyme þat comeþ.
1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 432/1 Plese hit you..that in this Parlement Provision of good be made swich as shall nede for the kepyng of youre noble Astate and Household.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 321 (MED) The man imprisonede askede respite that he myȝhte make ordinaunce and prouision for his wife and childer.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxvii. 101 But yf thou putte a prouysyon therto shortly, thou shalt, are thre dayes be passed, see thy self beseged wythin the cyte.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. 241 All this season the kynge of Englande made great provisyon to come into France.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 75 Some provysyon for the second bretherne by the ordur of law also wold be had.
1622 Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 209 If there were not a present surrendry made, England must take provision of arms.
a1668 J. Alleine Sure Guide to Heaven (1688) 108 Art thou turned into flesh? that thou savourest nothing but gratifying the sense, and making provision for the flesh?
1766 B. Franklin in London Chron. 27–9 Nov. 4/2 The more public provisions were made for the poor, the less they provided for themselves.
1833 H. Martineau Messrs. Vanderput & Snoek viii. 125 No provision made for his daughter's residence.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 64/2 Provision should be made for the illustrations of the lectures by monster diagrams.
1934 J. B. Priestley Eng. Journey iv. 91 In many of these estates, no provision whatever has been made for recreation, whereas in Bournville you see everywhere recreation grounds and halls.
1991 Choice Mar. 34/4 Most organised outings do make provision for ‘comfort’ stops—but it is a pity that more coaches do not have their own toilets.
Compounds
C1. General attributive (chiefly in sense 6c).
provision bag n.
ΚΠ
1722 J. Blair Our Saviour's Divine Serm. on Mount III. xxi. 338 He would have People encouraged to bring their Charity into the Provision Bag, of which he was the Keeper, with an Eye to those indirect Gains he made of it.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xvi. 168 Our provision-bags were of assorted sizes.
1994 ELH 61 728 After deciding to pool their resources into Skrýmir's provision bag..Thor discovers this bag so tightly and so intricately laced that he cannot untie it and retrieve the food.
provision basket n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] > container for provisions
provision basket1770
sandwich case1815
tommy bag1843
lunchbox1862
bait-poke1863
teabag1898
brown bag1947
tiffin-carrier1960
tea-box1972
1770 J. Banks Jrnl. 16 Jan. (1962) I. ii. 455 This family were employed when we came ashore in dressing their provision, which were a dog..and near it were many provision baskets.
1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer xxix. 218 The gay throng filed up the main street laden with provision baskets.
1954 Hesperia 23 53/2 On the wall a provision basket covered with a cloth.
2003 Ghanaian Chron. (Nexis) 10 Sept. Farmers in the Western communities..make treks to the villages only to top up their provision baskets.
provision boat n.
ΚΠ
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ix. 394 One of the principal thieves was..in a provision-boat along-side.
1862 D. D. Porter Let. 25 Dec. in Union & Confederate Navies War of Rebellion (U.S. Naval War Rec. Office) (1910) 1st Ser. XXIII. 564 Captain Walke..suggests that it will be a good plan for the powder and provision boats to come over to this side of the river after we leave.
1996 W. Marvel Alabama & Kearsarge xii. 170 Just as a gale picked up, Winslow sent a provision boat to shore, where it secured some vegetables and crated chickens.
provision book n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > register or record book > [noun] > other types of registers
Domesday Book1178
register1426
white bookc1432
town booka1547
christening book1558
muster1565
minute-book1566
Domes-booke1610
Newgate Calendar1686
time book1786
press book1808
provision book1840
visitors' book1846
guestbook1849
poison book1870
poison register1894
war diary1917
sign-in1966
1840 Times 1 May 5/5 Mr. Senior said that there was a greater waste of provisions in this union than others, which he promised to point out if given the provision book.
1922 Beaver Apr. 9/2 A record of the provisions stocked, with their weight or quantities, was entered as they were received in the ‘Provision Book’, in which was also entered the allowances as they were given out.
2005 Gulf News (Nexis) 16 Nov. Retail banking got conventional banks' focus after corporate sector disasters inflated their provision books during mid-to-late nineties.
provision contractor n.
ΚΠ
1800 Hull Advertiser 27 May 3/2 A provision contractor of the first eminence.
1906 Times 10 July 2/5 Mr. J. F. Percival, provision contractor, said Vandenberg's margarine was a well known article, but it was a proprietary article.
1977 Past & Present 76 118 The government provision contractor Sir Charles Flower.
provision craft n.
ΚΠ
1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece V. ii. xxxviii. 45 Crews of the provision-craft and ships of burthen.
1862 Atlantic Monthly May 594/1 For three days this wind continued to blow, and the Persians lost four hundred warships, many transports and provision craft, myriads of men, and an enormous amount of matériel.
1953 Council Bluffs (Iowa) Nonpareil 24 Feb. 1/6 Beyond the limits to which most harbor provision craft are licensed to operate.
provision-dealer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in food and drink
grocer1465
provision-dealer1800
1800 Schofield's New Liverpool Directory 88 Robinson, Richard, Provision Dealer, 3, Liver street.
1877 Harper's Mag. Jan. 284/2 They sold some grapes and apples and pears to the provision dealer in exchange for beef and chicken.
1998 Harper's Mag. May 50/1 A riotous assembly in New York denounced provision-dealers, landlords, and paper currency with fine impartiality.
provision depot n.
ΚΠ
1831 Universalist Watchman 15 Oct. 199/1 The wretched peasants who daily crowd the public roads, in their way to the provision depots, in search of food.
2004 J. C. Whorton Nature Cures 92 He ran a Provision Depot where Graham bread and crackers, oatmeal, hominy, grits, and other farinaceous foods were offered for sale.
provision farm n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > [noun] > other farms
home farm1749
city farm1750
county farm1785
factory farm1824
bird farm1842
provision farm1846
spade-farm1848
bush-farm1851
poor farm1852
sewage farm1870
cacao farm1871
mixed farm1872
vertical farm1897
prison farm1961
nuplex1968
1846 Times 20 July 5/3 When the negroes were first emancipated—when most of the women withdrew from the field, and numbers of the best of our people, who had saved money, retired to small provision farms of their own.
1917 F. W. Pitman Devel. Brit. W. Indies v. 108 The small plantations and the little provision farms of the poor whites were purchased by the wealthy and consolidated into great estates.
1999 Geogr. Jrnl. 165 299 Regional diversity is strongest among domestic provision farms.
provision farmer n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > supplying food
provision farmer1931
1931 Hispanic Amer. Rev. 11 163 Capistrano de Abreu..gives the social classification of the colony..as follows: 1), lowest class, the slaves, Indians, free Negroes, and their descendants;..3), the rural proprietors, provision farmers, and cattle owners; 4), senhor de engenho.
1953 E. A. Mittelholzer in Caribbean Anthol. Short Stories 41 Hoolcharran had begun as a provision farmer, and lived in a mudhouse.
1980 Econ. Hist. Rev. 33 305 In Katanga there was a good market for provision farmers even in the 1930s.
provision house n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > place for storing food > [noun]
cellar?c1225
larderc1305
pantrya1325
butleryc1325
spencec1386
larder-house1390
aumbrya1398
lardinera1400
meatfettle1440
spinde1481
selyer1483
pantyr?a1500
vault1500
eschansonnery1514
lardrya1552
lard-house1555
coveyc1593
brine-house1594
dispense1622
reservatory1647
provedore1694
ice cellar1735
spring house1755
provision house1787
futtah1834
pataka1842
1787 J. Trusler Habitable World Described I. i. 10 The Moravians have here also established a congregation, built a church, a provision house, a smith's shop, and a brew-house, and the houses of the natives are scattered round them.
1883 Cent. Mag. Apr. 862/2 Immigrants were swarming into the West; the Mississippi valley would be the provision-house of Europe, the importer of untold millions of rope.
1903 N.Y. Times 15 Oct. 1 Deacon Cotten..was dickering with representatives of meat and provision houses for supplies.
2001 S. Birdsell Russländer i. 19 The droschke slowed as it approached the service road leading to the barns and provision house.
provision importer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trader > merchant > [noun] > importer or exporter > types of
provision importer1885
net exporter1890
dumper1903
Klondiker1926
parallel importer1980
1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) 174 Provision importers.
1963 J. Bird Major Seaports U.K. xvii. 401 Practically every large London provision importer has premises in Tooley Street .
provision man n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions
victualler1377
grocer1465
chandler1583
viander1598
sutler1710
provision man1859
1859 Harper's Mag. Apr. 621/1 When the horse man questioned the provision man, he said he'd taken it from a widow woman that kept a boarding-house in that neighborhood.
1912 L. M. Montgomery Chron. Avonlea (1940) viii. 222 When the provision man came into the yard I called to him from the window to bring me a box of soap in the afternoon, and then I tackled the sitting-room.
2005 Dict. Canad. Biogr. XV. 261/1 He outpaced the many other Ontario packers and provision men trying to exploit British demand for North American meat.
provision merchant n.
ΚΠ
1798 New Year's Gift 16 Strand, Skill, Provision Merchant and Oil-man.
1852 G. Dodd in Househ. Words 31 July 473/1 The sides of Irish bacon..are consigned to bacon-curers and provision-merchants.
1932 J. M. Barrie Farewell Miss Julie Logan 89 Christilly is married on a provision merchant in Ireland.
1995 J. Barclay Paras over the Barras (2002) i. 7 It was not without cause that the provision merchant had earned his tag.
provision-money n.
ΚΠ
1657 H. Ingoldsby Let. 28 Feb. in P. Gaunt Corr. H. Cromwell (2007) 208 I had noe other mony but the provision mony in my hands to doe itt with all, most off which is spent and contracted to bee spent about itt.
a1730 J. Dart Westmonasterium (1742) II. iv. 22 As for the Dean and Prebendiaries, who formerly divided their Provision Money, and dieted at large, they were by Dr. Bill's Regulations oblig'd to keep Commons together with the Dean in his Hall.
1852 H. W. Herbert Captains Old World iii. 120 They were received hospitably, a daily allowance of provision-money being assigned to them.
1989 Jrnl. Interdisciplinary Hist. 19 407 He gave provision-money to middle men as an incentive for them to purchase wheat.
provision sack n.
ΚΠ
1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West xxix. 628 He had noted the size of my provision sacks.
1922 Witchita (Texas) Daily Times 12 Feb. He shouldered the provision sack, while Sam picked up the blanket roll.
1992 Diacritics 22 46 When Ali Baba enters the cave, he fills his sacks with gold by first emptying the thieves' provision sacks.
provision shop n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop selling provisions
provision shop1796
pulperia1818
grocery1828
alimentation1958
1796 J. Moir Preventive Policy iv. 134 It was at least very recently the endless theme in markets, provision shops, pot houses, places of vulgar resort, and wherever servants, labourers, and mechanics of all descriptions met.
a1854 E. Grant Mem. Highland Lady (1988) I. xiv. 301 The boys bought their own breakfasts, that is they ordered them from these provision shops where they ran up accounts.
1945 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 30 67 There were fourteen clothing shops, a provision shop, a junk shop, four tailor shops, a general shop, and two ministers.
2006 Edge (Malaysia) (Nexis) 2 Jan. The fridge not only alerts the provision shop if supplies are running low, but also informs me if its compressor is broken.
provision store n.
ΚΠ
1630 in J. Lorimer Eng. & Irish Settlement River Amazon (1989) 362 His provision store shall supporte him.
1791 E. P. Simcoe Diary 15 Dec. (1911) vi. 66 We walked to the provision store.
1875 H. B. Stowe We & our Neighbors i. 21 Dinah met their girl in at the provision store.
1995 M. Lewis Singapore: Rough Guide 61/1 A wander through the surviving nineteenth-century streets unearths..provision stores crammed with bird's nests, dried cuttlefish, ginger, chillies, mushrooms and salted fish.
provision trade n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > specific types of trade > [noun] > trade in provisions
provision trade?1722
?1722 F. Yonge View Trade South-Carolina 11 Their Provision Trade, which never was very beneficial..ruin'd for some Years by the Indians, there remains now nothing but Silk.
1830 Reg. Deb. Congress U.S. 11 May 429/2 The provision trade of the West.
1926 Amer. Econ. Rev. 16 646 The Ohio River provision trade owed a good deal to the fact that the Ohio is a part of the Mississippi River system.
2002 Star (Malaysia) (Nexis) 18 Sept. The brand's main distributor in Malaysia..is strong in the provision trade.
provision train n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > goods train > carrying other specific things
provision train1778
luggage train1846
newspaper train1847
milk train1853
1778 H. Clinton Let. 5 July in London Mag. 47 379/2 Incumbered as I was by an enormous provision train.., I was led to wish for a route less liable to obstacles than those above-mentioned.
1846 C. H. Kribben Let. 26 Dec. in F. S. Edwards Campaign in New Mexico (1847) 171 Their forces wheeled to the left, retreating from our fire, and in their flight made an attack on the provision train.
1985 Amer. Indian Q. 9 392 His victory included capture of a huge supply and provision train intended for the beleaguered garrison and the Union refugees at Fort Gibson.
provision wagon n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > wagon or cart for specific articles > carrying provisions
provision wagon1698
chuck wagon1890
commissary1905
1698 Protestant Mercury 29 July–3 Aug. No. 287. 1/2 The same Evening several led Horses, coaches and Provision-Waggons followed.
1765 R. Rogers Jrnls. Introd. p. viii I tarried till August 26th, and was then ordered with 100 men to escort the provision-waggons.
1856 Harper's Mag. Apr. 582/2 A little later in the season six hundred French and Indians plundered some provision wagons between Fort Edward and Lake George.
a1918 G. Stuart 40 Years on Frontier (1925) I. 97 Three days were consumed in getting together the equipment of men and horses with provision wagons and everything necessary.
2001 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 20 Sept. 45 Its title character..hauls a provisions wagon from battlefield to battlefield, often shifting sides to assure her profits.
C2. † provision-ant n. Obsolete rare the ant, regarded proverbially as provident.† provision-making n. Obsolete the making of provision.† provision pay n. Obsolete payment in kind.
ΚΠ
1838 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 379 They were careful like the provision-ant.
provision ground n. (in the Caribbean) ground allotted for the growing of foodstuffs; (originally) land set aside for slaves to grow their own food (now historical).
ΚΠ
1720 J. Clifford Case Mr. Jeronimy Clifford 7 Their Plantations above mine, are subject to be overflow'd by the Freshes, to the Ruin of their Sugar Canes, and Provision Ground.
1871 C. Kingsley At Last II. xvi. 268 The ‘provision grounds’ of the Negros are very interesting.
1949 Caribbean Q. 1 iv. 11 The people would have preferred to continue to live in their old villages on the estates and to cultivate their old provision grounds.
2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 18 Nov. 44/2 The slaves maintained ‘provision grounds’, independently owned plots of land that supplied the fruits and vegetables that fed both themselves and most of the white population.
ΚΠ
1494 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 238 For provisione making agane the haulding of the airis.
1564 T. Becon Wks. Gen. Pref. sig. A v With hospitalitie, or prouision making for the poore.
a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 389 The Consul with his army was all ready in Macedonia, and provision making at Hellespont for his transportation into Asia.
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor II. xvii. 253 Haud to the right, gentlemen, I implore ye—there is some sma' provision making at Lucky Sma'trash's—but O, wae for this night, and wae for me that lives to see it!
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > other than in money
provision pay1683
biberage1687
truck1743
scrip1874
1683 Rec. East Hampton, N.Y. (1887) II. 131 For his Wages hee is to be payd the some of thirty five pound in probision [sic] pay.
1692 S. Sewall Let.-bk. (1886) I. 7 Some of the Provision-Pay was Wheat, which I sold, for Indian Corn.
provision pit n. U.S. the part of an exchange in which trading in provisions takes place (now rare).
ΚΠ
1884 Chicago Tribune 3 Feb. 15/4 A large proportion of the brokers who..poured into the big room, rushed immediately to the provision pit.
a1902 F. Norris Pit (1903) 272 Over in the provision pit, trading ceased for the moment, and all heads were turned towards the commotion of the wheat traders.
1919 Jrnl. Biblical Lit 38 146 We call the part of the floor of an exchange where a special kind of business is carried on a pit: we speak of a grain-pit or a provision-pit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
provisionv.
/prəˈvɪʒn/, U.S. /prəˈvɪʒ(ə)n/, /proʊˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ 1. transitive. To supply with provisions or stores; esp. to supply with a stock of food. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > supply with provisions
victualc1380
meat1568
provant1599
provision1604
catera1616
bread1797
grub1819
ration1834
vegetate1846
tucker1899
feed1904
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > with provisions or stores
warnestorec1374
provision1604
stake1853
society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > practise logistics [verb (transitive)] > provision
provision1604
subsist1625
1604 R. Dallington View of Fraunce sig. Q4 A choyse number of Counsellors, prouisioned of 1000. crownes pension a peece yerely.
1660 G. Mackenzie Aretina iv. 371 The fort of her affection is strongly manned by the high thoughts she hath of Philarites, and is provisioned daily by the perswasions and cunning of Megistus and Agapeta.
1787 A. Hawkins tr. V. Mignot Hist. Turkish Empire I. 43 Manuel, seeing the impossibility of provisioning his capital..chose rather to see the throne sink under another than himself.
1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada 47 Maize..is depended upon, for provisioning the canoes.
1851 W. H. Dixon W. Penn viii. 245 Every man had to be provisioned for the longer term.
1941 Pitman's Business Educ. Oct. 152 Without access to overseas supplies of oil, Germany has attempted to provision herself by the seizure of Rumania and by the invasion of Russia.
1973 Animal Behaviour 21 306/2 We suspect that the females were provisioning separate cells.
2002 Jrnl. Afr. Cultural Stud. 15 64 The high costs of local produce—in part due to competition from those charges with provisioning the expeditions to the interior.
2. intransitive. To supply oneself with provisions; to lay in provisions. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (reflexive)] > supply with provisions
victual1555
provision1826
1826 tr. G. J. Ouvrard Memoires in Times 26 Dec. 2/5 This system is inadequate to provision for the future.
1836 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 3 428 Tempted to laugh at the style in which the Wyatts have provisioned.
1903 R. Bedford True Eyes viii. 48 Why didn't you provision from home?
1928 Daily Express 11 Aug. 4/6 The main thing to remember in going to the islands is to provision-up for your stay well ahead.
1993 Cottage Life Mar. 80/2 Andy Richardson and..Janie..come up early and provision for the Memorial Day cottage-opening work weekend, which may draw as many as 20 helpers.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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