puissancen.

Brit.

/ˈpjuːᵻsns/,

/ˈpwɪsns/, U.S.

/ˈpwɪs(ə)ns/,

/ˈpjuəs(ə)ns/,

/pjuˈɪs(ə)ns/ (in sense 1c)Brit.

/ˈpwiːsns/,

/ˈpwiːsɒ̃s/, U.S.

/ˈpwɪs(ə)ns/,

/ˌpwiˈsɑns/

Forms: late Middle English peusawns, late Middle English pissuaunce, late Middle English poysaunce, late Middle English puessence, late Middle English puissans, late Middle English puissantes (in a late copy, probably transmission error), late Middle English puissauns, late Middle English puisshaunce, late Middle English pusance, late Middle English pushance, late Middle English pussaunce, late Middle English pusshaunce, late Middle English puysschaunce, late Middle English puysshaunce, late Middle English pvsaunce, late Middle English pysauns, late Middle English pyssaunce, late Middle English pyusaunce, late Middle English pywssance, late Middle English–1500s puisaunce, late Middle English–1500s pusaunce, late Middle English–1500s puysaunce, late Middle English–1600s puissaunce, late Middle English–1600s puyssance, late Middle English–1600s puyssaunce, late Middle English– puissance, 1500s puissence, 1500s pusans, 1500s puysance, 1500s puysauns, 1500s–1600s puisance, 1800s puïssance; Scottish pre-1700 passance (probably transmission error), pre-1700 piscence, pre-1700 pischane (transmission error), pre-1700 pischence, pre-1700 pissance, pre-1700 pissans, pre-1700 pissaunce, pre-1700 pissauns, pre-1700 pissence, pre-1700 puisance, pre-1700 puissans, pre-1700 puissence, pre-1700 puscence, pre-1700 pussance, pre-1700 pussans, pre-1700 puyschance, pre-1700 puyssance, pre-1700 pvssance, pre-1700 pwissance, pre-1700 pwysance, pre-1700 pwyssance, pre-1700 pyssance, pre-1700 pyssans, pre-1700 1700s– puissance. N.E.D. (1909) also records a form 1500s pusiance (Scottish).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pussance, puissance.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pussance, pusance, pusaunce, pusanse, peussance, etc. and Anglo-Norman and Middle French puissance (French puissance ) power, might (a1140 in Old French), an armed force (1306) < puissant puissant adj.; compare -ance -ance suffix. Compare Old Occitan poissanza (a1149; Occitan poissança), Catalan puixança (1386 as poxança), Spanish pujanza (1396 as puxança), all ultimately < French. In sense 1c apparently after French puissance (not dated in dictionaries of French in this sense). Early variation in the spelling of this word (compare e.g. pusance , pysauns ) as well as its use in metrical poetry (compare quots. 1590 at sense 1a, 1600 at sense 1a) suggest that both disyllabic and trisyllabic pronunciations of the word existed from early on. Johnson (1755, 1773), Kenrick (1773), and Perry (1775) apparently show a trisyllabic pronunciation with stress on the second syllable (compare U.S. English /pjuˈɪs(ə)ns/), although Johnson (1773) comments on earlier disyllabic pronunciation. On the other hand, Sheridan (1780) and Walker (1791) show a trisyllabic pronunciation with stress on the first syllable (compare British English /ˈpjuːᵻsns/, U.S. English /ˈpjuəs(ə)ns/); compare the discussion in J. Walker Crit. Pronouncing Dict., 2nd ed. (1797) at that entry The latter pronunciation was apparently favoured in 19th-cent. dictionaries and is the only pronunciation listed in the first edition of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. (1917). N.E.D. (1909), on the other hand, gives all three variants, including (piuˌi·săns) /pjuːˈɪsəns/, which is no longer usual in British English.

a. Power, strength, force, might, prowess; influence.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > power > [noun]

i-waldeOE

armOE

craftOE

mightOE

poustiea1275

mound?a1300

powerc1300

force1303

mighta1325

wielda1325

mightiheada1382

mightinessc1390

mightheada1400

mightinga1400

puissance1420

mightfulnessa1425

vallente1475

potence1483

state1488

potencya1500

potestation?c1500

potent1512

puissantness1552

sinew1560

puissancy1562

potentness1581

powerableness1591

powerfulnessc1595

potestatea1600

pollency1623

potentiality1627

potentialness1668

poust1827

mana1843

magnum force1977

1420 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. I. 70 The grete manhode, myghtynesse, and puissaunce.

?1457 J. Hardyng Chron. (Lansd.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1912) 27 740 (MED) This Region..hath been kept alway of gret pushance With baronage and lordes of dignyte.

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 784 Wher been..Rome and Cartage, moost souereyn of puissaunce?

?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 95 He sparis no lord for his piscence, Na clerk for his intelligence.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. v. sig. P^v What auayled fortune..to the great kynge Alexander, his wonderfull puissance and hardynes..in deliuerynge hym from the deth in his yonge and flourisshing age?

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A3^v To proue his puissance in battell braue.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iii. 52 O flie to Scotland, Till that the nobles and the armed commons, Haue of their puissance made a little taste.

c1613 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 202 She will helpe to promoote me to the uttermost of her puyssaunce.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 128 The puissance of the Right Hand proceeds from a veine fine pari.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. i. 48 Yet give me Quarter, and advance To nobler aims, your Puissance.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. v. 92 Lions and tygers are slain, and armies routed, by the puissance of his single arm.

1764 K. O'Hara Midas i. 4 I say, down with him, Jove—exert your puissance.

1861 D. G. Rossetti tr. G. Cavalcanti in Early Ital. Poets ii. 338 This stroke..From eyes of too much puïssance was shed.

1868 H. W. Longfellow tr. Dante Inferno v. 36 There they blaspheme the puissance divine.

1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 158/2 He admitted, deprecatingly, his own tremendous puissance.

1956 H. L. Mencken Minority Rep. 80 There is an invariable tendency among inferior men to magnify their own importance and puissance by organizing a party.

2001 V. Prashad Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting ii. 37 Anticolonialism in the entire oppressed world threw down a severe challenge to colonial puissance.

†b. The persons in whom power is vested. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxviii. 89 Now to revenge fair Helen, had Argos' chiefs, her puissance, Set them afield.

c. Showjumping. Frequently with capital initial. A competitive test of a horse's ability to jump large obstacles. Also attributive, as puissance class, puissance course, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > equestrian sports except racing > [adjective] > type of jumping contest

puissance1951

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > equestrian sports except racing > [noun] > show-jumping > type of competition

scurry1946

puissance1951

1949 Times 15 Sept. 6/5 The test competition known abroad as the puissance.]

1951 M. P. Ansell Show Jumping vi. 48 Test (Puissance). This competition is designed to test the horse's ability to jump large obstacles.

1954 P. Smythe Jump for Joy iv. 68 I lived for the week-ends, and many a lesson was passed in the haze of daydreams about jumping paddocks and over Puissance courses.

1974 Country Life 3 Jan. 9/2 Alcatraz, ridden by last year's puissance winner..attempted all three fences.

1986 New Yorker 18 Aug. 54/2 Almost anyone who watches a Puissance class can see what I'm talking about. In such a class, there is a relatively low..practice fence, and then a few very formidable obstacles are raised after each round, until there is only one horse remaining who can clear them.

2006 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 5 Apr. Riders will take on the biggest fence to be jumped in Britain that day, the massive red wall for the Puissance at the British Open Show Jumping Championship.

†2.

a. An armed force. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > an army

ferd823

herec855

drightOE

drightfolkOE

ferdingc1000

gingOE

land-fyrd11..

hostc1290

powerc1300

preyc1300

chivalry1382

puissance1423

enarmec1430

exercite1485

force1487

armya1522

land-force1614

wall1657

ground force1929

1423 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 149 We send now vn to yow..our dier and welbeloued cosin þeril Marshal and þe lord Wilby wiþ notable puissaunce of þis our Reaume of England.

1436 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 162 Duk of Burgoyne oure rebell with his puissans of Fleming.

1452 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1837) VI. 120 To have the leding..of oure saide puissance upon the see.

a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 1970 (MED) All ther hoole puysaunce..was so grete..The Cite myght resseyue them day ne nyght.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lviii. 201 These two kynges fought one agaynst the other, pusaunce agaynst pusaunce.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 265 Cosen, goe draw our puisance together.

1675 R. Vaughan Disc. Coin & Coinage xi. 123 Notwithstanding that the King of France having assembled all his Puissance, sought to rescue it, the Town was yielded.

b. A number, a crowd, of people. Cf. power n.¹ 7a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous

weredc725

herec855

heap971

trumec1380

multitudea1382

herda1400

swarm1423

confluence1447

puissance?a1475

army?1518

multitudine1547

bike1554

conflux1702

snarl1775

rallya1794

populace1823

hive1834

skreeda1838

skit1913

rort1941

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 245 Ȝe se wech peusawns of pepyl drawyth hym to For þe mervaylys þat he hath wrowth.

c1502 in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory (1808) II. 286 (note) In is solempnites was a great and a right pleasant puysauns of people.

1640 T. Heywood Exemplary Lives Nine Most Worthy Women 170 The Earle of Warwicke,..with a great puissance of people, departed from London.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	puissance
释义	puissancen. Brit. /ˈpjuːᵻsns/, /ˈpwɪsns/, U.S. /ˈpwɪs(ə)ns/, /ˈpjuəs(ə)ns/, /pjuˈɪs(ə)ns/ (in sense 1c)Brit. /ˈpwiːsns/, /ˈpwiːsɒ̃s/, U.S. /ˈpwɪs(ə)ns/, /ˌpwiˈsɑns/ Forms: late Middle English peusawns, late Middle English pissuaunce, late Middle English poysaunce, late Middle English puessence, late Middle English puissans, late Middle English puissantes (in a late copy, probably transmission error), late Middle English puissauns, late Middle English puisshaunce, late Middle English pusance, late Middle English pushance, late Middle English pussaunce, late Middle English pusshaunce, late Middle English puysschaunce, late Middle English puysshaunce, late Middle English pvsaunce, late Middle English pysauns, late Middle English pyssaunce, late Middle English pyusaunce, late Middle English pywssance, late Middle English–1500s puisaunce, late Middle English–1500s pusaunce, late Middle English–1500s puysaunce, late Middle English–1600s puissaunce, late Middle English–1600s puyssance, late Middle English–1600s puyssaunce, late Middle English– puissance, 1500s puissence, 1500s pusans, 1500s puysance, 1500s puysauns, 1500s–1600s puisance, 1800s puïssance; Scottish pre-1700 passance (probably transmission error), pre-1700 piscence, pre-1700 pischane (transmission error), pre-1700 pischence, pre-1700 pissance, pre-1700 pissans, pre-1700 pissaunce, pre-1700 pissauns, pre-1700 pissence, pre-1700 puisance, pre-1700 puissans, pre-1700 puissence, pre-1700 puscence, pre-1700 pussance, pre-1700 pussans, pre-1700 puyschance, pre-1700 puyssance, pre-1700 pvssance, pre-1700 pwissance, pre-1700 pwysance, pre-1700 pwyssance, pre-1700 pyssance, pre-1700 pyssans, pre-1700 1700s– puissance. N.E.D. (1909) also records a form 1500s pusiance (Scottish). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pussance, puissance. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pussance, pusance, pusaunce, pusanse, peussance, etc. and Anglo-Norman and Middle French puissance (French puissance ) power, might (a1140 in Old French), an armed force (1306) < puissant puissant adj.; compare -ance -ance suffix. Compare Old Occitan poissanza (a1149; Occitan poissança), Catalan puixança (1386 as poxança), Spanish pujanza (1396 as puxança), all ultimately < French. In sense 1c apparently after French puissance (not dated in dictionaries of French in this sense). Early variation in the spelling of this word (compare e.g. pusance , pysauns ) as well as its use in metrical poetry (compare quots. 1590 at sense 1a, 1600 at sense 1a) suggest that both disyllabic and trisyllabic pronunciations of the word existed from early on. Johnson (1755, 1773), Kenrick (1773), and Perry (1775) apparently show a trisyllabic pronunciation with stress on the second syllable (compare U.S. English /pjuˈɪs(ə)ns/), although Johnson (1773) comments on earlier disyllabic pronunciation. On the other hand, Sheridan (1780) and Walker (1791) show a trisyllabic pronunciation with stress on the first syllable (compare British English /ˈpjuːᵻsns/, U.S. English /ˈpjuəs(ə)ns/); compare the discussion in J. Walker Crit. Pronouncing Dict., 2nd ed. (1797) at that entry The latter pronunciation was apparently favoured in 19th-cent. dictionaries and is the only pronunciation listed in the first edition of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. (1917). N.E.D. (1909), on the other hand, gives all three variants, including (piuˌi·săns) /pjuːˈɪsəns/, which is no longer usual in British English. 1. a. Power, strength, force, might, prowess; influence. ΘΚΠ society > authority > power > [noun] i-waldeOE armOE craftOE mightOE poustiea1275 mound?a1300 powerc1300 force1303 mighta1325 wielda1325 mightiheada1382 mightinessc1390 mightheada1400 mightinga1400 puissance1420 mightfulnessa1425 vallente1475 potence1483 state1488 potencya1500 potestation?c1500 potent1512 puissantness1552 sinew1560 puissancy1562 potentness1581 powerableness1591 powerfulnessc1595 potestatea1600 pollency1623 potentiality1627 potentialness1668 poust1827 mana1843 magnum force1977 1420 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. I. 70 The grete manhode, myghtynesse, and puissaunce. ?1457 J. Hardyng Chron. (Lansd.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1912) 27 740 (MED) This Region..hath been kept alway of gret pushance With baronage and lordes of dignyte. c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 784 Wher been..Rome and Cartage, moost souereyn of puissaunce? ?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 95 He sparis no lord for his piscence, Na clerk for his intelligence. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. v. sig. P^v What auayled fortune..to the great kynge Alexander, his wonderfull puissance and hardynes..in deliuerynge hym from the deth in his yonge and flourisshing age? 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A3^v To proue his puissance in battell braue. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iii. 52 O flie to Scotland, Till that the nobles and the armed commons, Haue of their puissance made a little taste. View more context for this quotation c1613 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 202 She will helpe to promoote me to the uttermost of her puyssaunce. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 128 The puissance of the Right Hand proceeds from a veine fine pari. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. i. 48 Yet give me Quarter, and advance To nobler aims, your Puissance. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. v. 92 Lions and tygers are slain, and armies routed, by the puissance of his single arm. 1764 K. O'Hara Midas i. 4 I say, down with him, Jove—exert your puissance. 1861 D. G. Rossetti tr. G. Cavalcanti in Early Ital. Poets ii. 338 This stroke..From eyes of too much puïssance was shed. 1868 H. W. Longfellow tr. Dante Inferno v. 36 There they blaspheme the puissance divine. 1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 158/2 He admitted, deprecatingly, his own tremendous puissance. 1956 H. L. Mencken Minority Rep. 80 There is an invariable tendency among inferior men to magnify their own importance and puissance by organizing a party. 2001 V. Prashad Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting ii. 37 Anticolonialism in the entire oppressed world threw down a severe challenge to colonial puissance. †b. The persons in whom power is vested. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxviii. 89 Now to revenge fair Helen, had Argos' chiefs, her puissance, Set them afield. c. Showjumping. Frequently with capital initial. A competitive test of a horse's ability to jump large obstacles. Also attributive, as puissance class, puissance course, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > equestrian sports except racing > [adjective] > type of jumping contest puissance1951 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > equestrian sports except racing > [noun] > show-jumping > type of competition scurry1946 puissance1951 1949 Times 15 Sept. 6/5 The test competition known abroad as the puissance.] 1951 M. P. Ansell Show Jumping vi. 48 Test (Puissance). This competition is designed to test the horse's ability to jump large obstacles. 1954 P. Smythe Jump for Joy iv. 68 I lived for the week-ends, and many a lesson was passed in the haze of daydreams about jumping paddocks and over Puissance courses. 1974 Country Life 3 Jan. 9/2 Alcatraz, ridden by last year's puissance winner..attempted all three fences. 1986 New Yorker 18 Aug. 54/2 Almost anyone who watches a Puissance class can see what I'm talking about. In such a class, there is a relatively low..practice fence, and then a few very formidable obstacles are raised after each round, until there is only one horse remaining who can clear them. 2006 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 5 Apr. Riders will take on the biggest fence to be jumped in Britain that day, the massive red wall for the Puissance at the British Open Show Jumping Championship. †2. a. An armed force. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > an army ferd823 herec855 drightOE drightfolkOE ferdingc1000 gingOE land-fyrd11.. hostc1290 powerc1300 preyc1300 chivalry1382 puissance1423 enarmec1430 exercite1485 force1487 armya1522 land-force1614 wall1657 ground force1929 1423 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 149 We send now vn to yow..our dier and welbeloued cosin þeril Marshal and þe lord Wilby wiþ notable puissaunce of þis our Reaume of England. 1436 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 162 Duk of Burgoyne oure rebell with his puissans of Fleming. 1452 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1837) VI. 120 To have the leding..of oure saide puissance upon the see. a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 1970 (MED) All ther hoole puysaunce..was so grete..The Cite myght resseyue them day ne nyght. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lviii. 201 These two kynges fought one agaynst the other, pusaunce agaynst pusaunce. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 265 Cosen, goe draw our puisance together. View more context for this quotation 1675 R. Vaughan Disc. Coin & Coinage xi. 123 Notwithstanding that the King of France having assembled all his Puissance, sought to rescue it, the Town was yielded. b. A number, a crowd, of people. Cf. power n.¹ 7a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous weredc725 herec855 heap971 trumec1380 multitudea1382 herda1400 swarm1423 confluence1447 puissance?a1475 army?1518 multitudine1547 bike1554 conflux1702 snarl1775 rallya1794 populace1823 hive1834 skreeda1838 skit1913 rort1941 ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 245 Ȝe se wech peusawns of pepyl drawyth hym to For þe mervaylys þat he hath wrowth. c1502 in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory (1808) II. 286 (note) In is solempnites was a great and a right pleasant puysauns of people. 1640 T. Heywood Exemplary Lives Nine Most Worthy Women 170 The Earle of Warwicke,..with a great puissance of people, departed from London. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1420
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