protoplasmn.

Brit.

/ˈprəʊtə(ʊ)plaz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈproʊdəˌplæz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: proto- comb. form, -plasm comb. form.

Etymology: < proto- comb. form + -plasm comb. form, after German Protoplasma complex, translucent, colourless, colloidal material comprising the living part of a cell (in this sense, H. von Mohl 1846, in Bot. Zeitung 4 col. 75 (compare quot. 1846 at sense 1); earlier denoting the material forming early animal embryos: J. E. Purkinje 1839, in Uebersicht der Arbeiten u. Veränderungen der Schlesischen Ges. f. Vaterländische Kultur im Jahre 1839 82). Compare French protoplasme (1872; earlier as protoplasma (1846); < German).Compare post-classical Latin protoplasma first creature (6th cent. in Venantius Fortunatus).

1. Biology. The complex, translucent, colourless, colloidal material comprising the living part of a cell, including the membrane-bound cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles (but excluding food particles, secretions, large vacuoles, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell substance > [noun] > protoplasm or cytoplasm

biogen1848

protoplasm1848

protoplast1851

matrix1854

cytoplasm1857

plasma1863

bioplasm1869

plasmogen1888

morphoplasm1893

periplasm1925

1846 tr. H. von Mohl in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 3 Since, as we have already observed, this viscous mass everywhere precedes the first solid formations indicative of future cells where cells are to be formed..I trust it will be considered justifiable if I propose to designate this substance by the word protoplasma, a term which recalls to mind its physiological function.]

1848 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 4) I. 10 The first layer of matter is invariably soft and azotised, and now bears the well-contrived name of protoplasm, proposed by Professor Mohl.

1868 T. H. Huxley in Fortn. Rev. Feb. (1869) 129 I have translated the term Protoplasm which is the scientific name of the substance..by the words ‘physical basis of life’.

1881 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 40 The modern conception of a cell is based, not upon its etymological significance, but upon the presence in it of living matter or protoplasm... Even formless clumps of protoplasm are sometimes called cells.

1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. 117 In the protoplasm or primary basis of all organic life there must have been an inherent adaptability to the manifestation of all faculties which organic life has in fact manifested.

1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. i. 4 Proteins are of greatest value to the living organism, because they are the essential components of the actual living material—protoplasm.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 25 The protoplasm of some cells, especially xylem cells, disintegrates at maturity leaving the ‘dead’, but still functional, rigid skeleton of the cell wall.

2. gen. A primitive or primary form of something; a primordial substance. Chiefly figurative.

ΚΠ

1869 Jrnl. Ethnolog. Soc. 1 331 Such is the infallible result of antedating Christianity, and seeking for it a rudimentary and embryonic existence, an anterior emanation of protoplasm..having its relations to nature-worship.

1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 189 These [primeval times] were the days of the protoplasm of speech.

1906 D. S. Cairns Christianity Mod. World iii. 150 Here is the true protoplasm of Christianity out of which..all the theologies and all the ritual..have sprung.

1977 Y. Menuhin Unfinished Journey ii. 22 If this narrative has taken its time.., it is to undo the impression that I was shapeless protoplasm one day and myself the next.

2006 Washington Times (Nexis) 28 Feb. a17 The idea Iraq might be transformed into a secular, democratic and unified nation from unpromising protoplasm with United States military force..was not irrefutably ridiculous.

Compounds

C1.

protoplasm mass n.

ΚΠ

1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 7 The formation of a new cell always commences with the re-arrangement of a protoplasm-mass round a new centre.

2003 Phytochem. 63 945 This stage consists of [a] multinuclear protoplasm mass, surrounded only by a simple membrane and a slime sheath.

protoplasm sac n.

ΚΠ

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 2 The cavity enclosed by the protoplasm-sac is filled with a watery fluid, the Cell~sap.

1963 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 50 539 When the grain is maintained at a higher humidity, the protoplasm sac expands and probably softens.

C2.

protoplasm-containing adj.

ΚΠ

1895 Daily News 3 Oct. 2/2 The protoplasm-containing cells of his brain.

2000 Jrnl. N. Amer. Benthological Soc. 19 55/1 The % of protoplasm-containing diatoms and non-diatom algae was determined by dividing the number counted by the sum of diatom and non-diatom algal counts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protoplasm
释义	protoplasmn. Brit. /ˈprəʊtə(ʊ)plaz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈproʊdəˌplæz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: proto- comb. form, -plasm comb. form. Etymology: < proto- comb. form + -plasm comb. form, after German Protoplasma complex, translucent, colourless, colloidal material comprising the living part of a cell (in this sense, H. von Mohl 1846, in Bot. Zeitung 4 col. 75 (compare quot. 1846 at sense 1); earlier denoting the material forming early animal embryos: J. E. Purkinje 1839, in Uebersicht der Arbeiten u. Veränderungen der Schlesischen Ges. f. Vaterländische Kultur im Jahre 1839 82). Compare French protoplasme (1872; earlier as protoplasma (1846); < German).Compare post-classical Latin protoplasma first creature (6th cent. in Venantius Fortunatus). 1. Biology. The complex, translucent, colourless, colloidal material comprising the living part of a cell, including the membrane-bound cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles (but excluding food particles, secretions, large vacuoles, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell substance > [noun] > protoplasm or cytoplasm biogen1848 protoplasm1848 protoplast1851 matrix1854 cytoplasm1857 plasma1863 bioplasm1869 plasmogen1888 morphoplasm1893 periplasm1925 1846 tr. H. von Mohl in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 3 Since, as we have already observed, this viscous mass everywhere precedes the first solid formations indicative of future cells where cells are to be formed..I trust it will be considered justifiable if I propose to designate this substance by the word protoplasma, a term which recalls to mind its physiological function.] 1848 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 4) I. 10 The first layer of matter is invariably soft and azotised, and now bears the well-contrived name of protoplasm, proposed by Professor Mohl. 1868 T. H. Huxley in Fortn. Rev. Feb. (1869) 129 I have translated the term Protoplasm which is the scientific name of the substance..by the words ‘physical basis of life’. 1881 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 40 The modern conception of a cell is based, not upon its etymological significance, but upon the presence in it of living matter or protoplasm... Even formless clumps of protoplasm are sometimes called cells. 1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. 117 In the protoplasm or primary basis of all organic life there must have been an inherent adaptability to the manifestation of all faculties which organic life has in fact manifested. 1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. i. 4 Proteins are of greatest value to the living organism, because they are the essential components of the actual living material—protoplasm. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 25 The protoplasm of some cells, especially xylem cells, disintegrates at maturity leaving the ‘dead’, but still functional, rigid skeleton of the cell wall. 2. gen. A primitive or primary form of something; a primordial substance. Chiefly figurative. ΚΠ 1869 Jrnl. Ethnolog. Soc. 1 331 Such is the infallible result of antedating Christianity, and seeking for it a rudimentary and embryonic existence, an anterior emanation of protoplasm..having its relations to nature-worship. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 189 These [primeval times] were the days of the protoplasm of speech. 1906 D. S. Cairns Christianity Mod. World iii. 150 Here is the true protoplasm of Christianity out of which..all the theologies and all the ritual..have sprung. 1977 Y. Menuhin Unfinished Journey ii. 22 If this narrative has taken its time.., it is to undo the impression that I was shapeless protoplasm one day and myself the next. 2006 Washington Times (Nexis) 28 Feb. a17 The idea Iraq might be transformed into a secular, democratic and unified nation from unpromising protoplasm with United States military force..was not irrefutably ridiculous. Compounds C1. protoplasm mass n. ΚΠ 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 7 The formation of a new cell always commences with the re-arrangement of a protoplasm-mass round a new centre. 2003 Phytochem. 63 945 This stage consists of [a] multinuclear protoplasm mass, surrounded only by a simple membrane and a slime sheath. protoplasm sac n. ΚΠ 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 2 The cavity enclosed by the protoplasm-sac is filled with a watery fluid, the Cell~sap. 1963 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 50 539 When the grain is maintained at a higher humidity, the protoplasm sac expands and probably softens. C2. protoplasm-containing adj. ΚΠ 1895 Daily News 3 Oct. 2/2 The protoplasm-containing cells of his brain. 2000 Jrnl. N. Amer. Benthological Soc. 19 55/1 The % of protoplasm-containing diatoms and non-diatom algae was determined by dividing the number counted by the sum of diatom and non-diatom algal counts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1848
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