pterygo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: before a vowel pteryg-.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin pterygo-; Greek πτερυγo-.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pterygo- (1694 (as pterigo- ) or earlier) and its etymon ancient Greek πτερυγo-, combining form (in e.g. πτερυγωκής swift-winged) of πτερυγ- , πτέρυξ wing, fin ( < an extended form of the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek πτερόν wing (see ptero- comb. form); compare the second element of Avestan fraptərəjāt flying creature, bird, and classical Latin protervus proterve adj., and (with a slightly different form of the base) Sanskrit pataṅga flying creature, bird; compare -o- connective. Compare French ptérygo- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.).Attested earliest at the end of the 17th cent. in the Latin loans pterygoidal adj. and pterygoid adj. (the latter may be attested earlier: compare note at that entry), and subsequently in the mid 18th cent. in pterygoidean adj., pterygoidean n., both adaptations from French. Formations within English are found from the first half of the 19th cent. Combining with second elements ultimately of Greek and Latin origin.

1. Anatomy and Zoology. Forming terms with the sense ‘of, relating to, or connecting the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the ——’.

† pterygo-malar adj. Obsolete of or relating to the pterygoid process and the malar bone.

ΚΠ

1859 R. Owen in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 150/1 On the inferior surface the palato-nasal, the pterygo-sphenoid and the pterygo-malar vacuities.

1894 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 185 679 The palato-nares and the pterygo-malar vacuities are the only openings in the palate.

pterygomaxillary adj.

Brit.

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)makˈsɪl(ə)ri/

U.S.

/ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈmæksəˌlɛri/

[perhaps after French ptérygo-maxillaire (1827 or earlier)] of or relating to the pterygoid process and the maxilla.

ΚΠ

1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 68 The constrictor is attached behind the pterygo-maxillary ligament.

1940 M. G. Swenson Compl. Dentures xiii. 159 A T-burnisher is used to locate the posterior line behind the tuberosities by palpating for the pterygomaxillary notches.

2004 Clin. Imaging 28 64/1 A patient suffering from impaired mandibular motion due to a parosteal chondrosarcoma localized in the left pterygomaxillary fossa.

† pterygo-palatal adj. Obsolete = pterygopalatine adj.

ΚΠ

1871 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 161 177 These projections are connected together by the bowed pterygo-palatal bars.

1883 Science 26 Oct. 553/1 The malleus rocks forward.., and pushes upon the zygomatic and pterygo-palatal bars.

pterygopalatine adj.

Brit.

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈpalətʌɪn/

U.S.

/ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈpæləˌtaɪn/

[after French ptérygo-palatin (1770), itself after scientific Latin pterigopalatinus (1694 or earlier in post-classical Latin)] of or relating to the pterygoid process and the palate or palatine bone.

ΚΠ

1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 36 The Pterygo-palatine [Fr. ptérygo-palatin] canal..gives passage to vessels, and is completed by a process of the palate bones.

1984 J. Joseph Aids to Anat. (ed. 13) iii. 151 Pterygopalatine part [of maxillary] enters pterygopalatine fossa between two heads of origin of lateral pterygoid.

2006 Ann. Anat. 188 37/2 The pterygopalatine artery..arises from the internal carotid artery and emerges via the petrotympanic fissure with the chorda tympani just medial to the external pterygoid process.

pterygopharyngeal adj.

Brit.

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)fəˈrɪn(d)ʒɪəl/

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)farᵻnˈdʒiːəl/

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)farn̩ˈdʒiːəl/

U.S.

/ˌtɛrəɡoʊfəˈrɪndʒ(i)əl/

/ˌtɛrəɡoʊˌfɛrənˈdʒiəl/

[after scientific Latin pterigopharyngeus (1694 or earlier in post-classical Latin)] of or relating to the pterygoid process and the pharynx.

ΚΠ

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Pterygo- Pterygopharyngeal.

1942 Amer. Jrnl. Orthodontics & Oral Surg. 28 Oral Surg. 462 The pharyngomaxillary space is frequently described as the lateral pharyngeal or pterygopharyngeal, parapharyngeal, peripharyngeal, pterygomaxillary,or pterygomandibular space.

2003 Cleft Palate & Craniofacial Jrnl. 40 351 To analyze the effects of airflow in the larynx on activity of the levator veli palatini and pterygopharyngeal muscles.

† pterygopharyngean adj. [perhaps after French ptérygo-pharyngien (1827 or earlier as ptérygo-pharingien ), itself after scientific Latin pterigopharyngeus (see pterygopharyngeal adj.)] Obsolete rare = pterygopharyngeal adj.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1039/2 Pterygopharyngeus,..pterygopharyngean.

pterygoquadrate adj.

Brit.

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈkwɒdreɪt/

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈkwɒdrət/

U.S.

/ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈkwɑdˌreɪt/

/ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈkwɑdrət/

of or relating to the pterygoid process and the quadrate bone; spec. designating a cartilage forming the upper jaw in sharks, regarded as homologous to the pterygoid process and quadrate bone of other vertebrates.

ΚΠ

1871 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 161 195 A slender f-shaped free metapterygoid exists above the pterygo-quadrate region.

1886 Proc. Zool. Soc. 220 The pterygo-quadrate cartilage..varies considerably in depth at different points.

1962 K. F. Lagler et al. Ichthyol. iii. 65 The second [visceral] arch is modified into the upper jaw (pterygoquadrate or maxillary cartilages) and the lower jaw (Meckel's or mandibular cartilages).

1993 Cell 75 1333/1 The appearance of an atavistic reptilian pterygoquadrate element in Hoxa-2 mutants suggests that this ground pattern is intermediate between reptiles and mammals.

† pterygo-sphenoid adj. Obsolete of or relating to the pterygoid process and the sphenoid bone.

ΚΠ

1859 R. Owen in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 150/1 On the inferior surface the palato-nasal, the pterygo-sphenoid and the pterygo-malar vacuities.

1893 Philos. Trans. 1892 (Royal Soc.) B. 183 325 There are..upon the under-side of the head, the comma-shaped vacuities in front like those of Lizards, the single median pterygo-sphenoid vacuity, [etc.].

pterygospinous adj.

Brit.

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈspʌɪnəs/

U.S.

/ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈspaɪnəs/

of or relating to the pterygoid process and the spine of the sphenoid bone; spec. designating a ligament running from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lateral pterygoid plate.

ΚΠ

1890 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 19 156 In one or two instances the spine of the sphenoid..was connected to the expanded external pterygoid plate by a well-marked pterygo spinous ligament.

1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 309 Its [sc. the lateral pterygoid plate's] irregular posterior border may present a backward projection, termed the pterygospinous process, which is connected by a ligament..to the spine of the sphenoid.

2001 Clin. Anat. 14 282 Although incomplete or complete ossification of the pterygospinous ligament is not uncommon, the combination with a medial course of the lingual nerve has not been described before.

† pterygostaphyline adj. [compare post-classical Latin pterigostaphylinus (1694 or earlier), designating the tensor palati muscle] Obsolete rare of or relating to the pterygoid process and the uvula.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1039/2 Pterygostaphylinus, of or belonging to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and uvula: pterygostaphyline.

† pterygo-trabecular adj. Obsolete rare of or relating to the pterygoid process and the trabecular region of the skull.

ΚΠ

1886 Proc. Zool. Soc. 220 It [sc. the pterygo-quadrate cartilage] soon begins to deepen by the rising of the upper border, which rapidly ascends to form a pterygo-trabecular process.

2. Relating to wings or fins; resembling a wing or a fin.

† pterygoblast n. Zoology Obsolete rare. a rudiment in an embryonic fish from which a fin ray develops.

ΚΠ

1885 J. A. Ryder in Amer. Naturalist 19 201 These rudiments of the embryonic filaments bear a..resemblance to cells found imbedded in the rays of Ceratodus... I will therefore call them pterygoblasts.

† pterygobranchiate adj. [compare French ptérygibranches, plural noun (1817 or earlier)] Zoology Obsolete rare (of an isopod crustacean) having feather-like gills; cf. phytobranchiate adj. at phyto- comb. form .

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Pterygobranchiate, having feathery gills.

pterygopodium n.

Brit.

/ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈpəʊdɪəm/

U.S.

/ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈpoʊdiəm/

Zoology (now rare) the clasper (clasper n. 1c) of an elasmobranch; a similarly adapted fin in male fishes of the family Poeciliidae.

ΚΠ

1888 Philos. Trans. 1887 (Royal Soc.) B. 178 30 The fundamental difference between the Selachian pterygopodia and any other type of copulatory organs is plainly indicated by the nerve supply.

1897 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. II. 157 In all recent Elasmobranchs the male has, connected with the pelvic fins, a pair of grooved appendages—the claspers or pterygopodia—which subserve copulation.

1993 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 267 332/1 The male specimens become externally recognizable by the gradual appearance of their pelvic claspers or pterygopodia.

† pterygospermous adj. [after scientific Latin pterygospermus (1791 or earlier as a specific epithet)] Botany Obsolete rare having winged seeds.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1039/2 Pterygospermus, having winged fruits or seeds, as the Molinga pterygosperma: pterygospermous.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pterygo-
释义	pterygo-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: before a vowel pteryg-. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin pterygo-; Greek πτερυγo-. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pterygo- (1694 (as pterigo- ) or earlier) and its etymon ancient Greek πτερυγo-, combining form (in e.g. πτερυγωκής swift-winged) of πτερυγ- , πτέρυξ wing, fin ( < an extended form of the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek πτερόν wing (see ptero- comb. form); compare the second element of Avestan fraptərəjāt flying creature, bird, and classical Latin protervus proterve adj., and (with a slightly different form of the base) Sanskrit pataṅga flying creature, bird; compare -o- connective. Compare French ptérygo- (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent.).Attested earliest at the end of the 17th cent. in the Latin loans pterygoidal adj. and pterygoid adj. (the latter may be attested earlier: compare note at that entry), and subsequently in the mid 18th cent. in pterygoidean adj., pterygoidean n., both adaptations from French. Formations within English are found from the first half of the 19th cent. Combining with second elements ultimately of Greek and Latin origin. 1. Anatomy and Zoology. Forming terms with the sense ‘of, relating to, or connecting the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the ——’. † pterygo-malar adj. Obsolete of or relating to the pterygoid process and the malar bone. ΚΠ 1859 R. Owen in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 150/1 On the inferior surface the palato-nasal, the pterygo-sphenoid and the pterygo-malar vacuities. 1894 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 185 679 The palato-nares and the pterygo-malar vacuities are the only openings in the palate. pterygomaxillary adj. Brit. /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)makˈsɪl(ə)ri/ , U.S. /ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈmæksəˌlɛri/ [perhaps after French ptérygo-maxillaire (1827 or earlier)] of or relating to the pterygoid process and the maxilla. ΚΠ 1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 68 The constrictor is attached behind the pterygo-maxillary ligament. 1940 M. G. Swenson Compl. Dentures xiii. 159 A T-burnisher is used to locate the posterior line behind the tuberosities by palpating for the pterygomaxillary notches. 2004 Clin. Imaging 28 64/1 A patient suffering from impaired mandibular motion due to a parosteal chondrosarcoma localized in the left pterygomaxillary fossa. † pterygo-palatal adj. Obsolete = pterygopalatine adj. ΚΠ 1871 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 161 177 These projections are connected together by the bowed pterygo-palatal bars. 1883 Science 26 Oct. 553/1 The malleus rocks forward.., and pushes upon the zygomatic and pterygo-palatal bars. pterygopalatine adj. Brit. /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈpalətʌɪn/ , U.S. /ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈpæləˌtaɪn/ [after French ptérygo-palatin (1770), itself after scientific Latin pterigopalatinus (1694 or earlier in post-classical Latin)] of or relating to the pterygoid process and the palate or palatine bone. ΚΠ 1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 36 The Pterygo-palatine [Fr. ptérygo-palatin] canal..gives passage to vessels, and is completed by a process of the palate bones. 1984 J. Joseph Aids to Anat. (ed. 13) iii. 151 Pterygopalatine part [of maxillary] enters pterygopalatine fossa between two heads of origin of lateral pterygoid. 2006 Ann. Anat. 188 37/2 The pterygopalatine artery..arises from the internal carotid artery and emerges via the petrotympanic fissure with the chorda tympani just medial to the external pterygoid process. pterygopharyngeal adj. Brit. /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)fəˈrɪn(d)ʒɪəl/ , /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)farᵻnˈdʒiːəl/ , /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)farn̩ˈdʒiːəl/ , U.S. /ˌtɛrəɡoʊfəˈrɪndʒ(i)əl/ , /ˌtɛrəɡoʊˌfɛrənˈdʒiəl/ [after scientific Latin pterigopharyngeus (1694 or earlier in post-classical Latin)] of or relating to the pterygoid process and the pharynx. ΚΠ 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Pterygo- Pterygopharyngeal. 1942 Amer. Jrnl. Orthodontics & Oral Surg. 28 Oral Surg. 462 The pharyngomaxillary space is frequently described as the lateral pharyngeal or pterygopharyngeal, parapharyngeal, peripharyngeal, pterygomaxillary,or pterygomandibular space. 2003 Cleft Palate & Craniofacial Jrnl. 40 351 To analyze the effects of airflow in the larynx on activity of the levator veli palatini and pterygopharyngeal muscles. † pterygopharyngean adj. [perhaps after French ptérygo-pharyngien (1827 or earlier as ptérygo-pharingien ), itself after scientific Latin pterigopharyngeus (see pterygopharyngeal adj.)] Obsolete rare = pterygopharyngeal adj.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1039/2 Pterygopharyngeus,..pterygopharyngean. pterygoquadrate adj. Brit. /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈkwɒdreɪt/ , /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈkwɒdrət/ , U.S. /ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈkwɑdˌreɪt/ , /ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈkwɑdrət/ of or relating to the pterygoid process and the quadrate bone; spec. designating a cartilage forming the upper jaw in sharks, regarded as homologous to the pterygoid process and quadrate bone of other vertebrates. ΚΠ 1871 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 161 195 A slender f-shaped free metapterygoid exists above the pterygo-quadrate region. 1886 Proc. Zool. Soc. 220 The pterygo-quadrate cartilage..varies considerably in depth at different points. 1962 K. F. Lagler et al. Ichthyol. iii. 65 The second [visceral] arch is modified into the upper jaw (pterygoquadrate or maxillary cartilages) and the lower jaw (Meckel's or mandibular cartilages). 1993 Cell 75 1333/1 The appearance of an atavistic reptilian pterygoquadrate element in Hoxa-2 mutants suggests that this ground pattern is intermediate between reptiles and mammals. † pterygo-sphenoid adj. Obsolete of or relating to the pterygoid process and the sphenoid bone. ΚΠ 1859 R. Owen in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 150/1 On the inferior surface the palato-nasal, the pterygo-sphenoid and the pterygo-malar vacuities. 1893 Philos. Trans. 1892 (Royal Soc.) B. 183 325 There are..upon the under-side of the head, the comma-shaped vacuities in front like those of Lizards, the single median pterygo-sphenoid vacuity, [etc.]. pterygospinous adj. Brit. /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈspʌɪnəs/ , U.S. /ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈspaɪnəs/ of or relating to the pterygoid process and the spine of the sphenoid bone; spec. designating a ligament running from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lateral pterygoid plate. ΚΠ 1890 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 19 156 In one or two instances the spine of the sphenoid..was connected to the expanded external pterygoid plate by a well-marked pterygo spinous ligament. 1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 309 Its [sc. the lateral pterygoid plate's] irregular posterior border may present a backward projection, termed the pterygospinous process, which is connected by a ligament..to the spine of the sphenoid. 2001 Clin. Anat. 14 282 Although incomplete or complete ossification of the pterygospinous ligament is not uncommon, the combination with a medial course of the lingual nerve has not been described before. † pterygostaphyline adj. [compare post-classical Latin pterigostaphylinus (1694 or earlier), designating the tensor palati muscle] Obsolete rare of or relating to the pterygoid process and the uvula.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1039/2 Pterygostaphylinus, of or belonging to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and uvula: pterygostaphyline. † pterygo-trabecular adj. Obsolete rare of or relating to the pterygoid process and the trabecular region of the skull. ΚΠ 1886 Proc. Zool. Soc. 220 It [sc. the pterygo-quadrate cartilage] soon begins to deepen by the rising of the upper border, which rapidly ascends to form a pterygo-trabecular process. 2. Relating to wings or fins; resembling a wing or a fin. † pterygoblast n. Zoology Obsolete rare. a rudiment in an embryonic fish from which a fin ray develops. ΚΠ 1885 J. A. Ryder in Amer. Naturalist 19 201 These rudiments of the embryonic filaments bear a..resemblance to cells found imbedded in the rays of Ceratodus... I will therefore call them pterygoblasts. † pterygobranchiate adj. [compare French ptérygibranches, plural noun (1817 or earlier)] Zoology Obsolete rare (of an isopod crustacean) having feather-like gills; cf. phytobranchiate adj. at phyto- comb. form . ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Pterygobranchiate, having feathery gills. pterygopodium n. Brit. /ˌtɛrᵻɡə(ʊ)ˈpəʊdɪəm/ , U.S. /ˌtɛrəɡoʊˈpoʊdiəm/ Zoology (now rare) the clasper (clasper n. 1c) of an elasmobranch; a similarly adapted fin in male fishes of the family Poeciliidae. ΚΠ 1888 Philos. Trans. 1887 (Royal Soc.) B. 178 30 The fundamental difference between the Selachian pterygopodia and any other type of copulatory organs is plainly indicated by the nerve supply. 1897 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. II. 157 In all recent Elasmobranchs the male has, connected with the pelvic fins, a pair of grooved appendages—the claspers or pterygopodia—which subserve copulation. 1993 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 267 332/1 The male specimens become externally recognizable by the gradual appearance of their pelvic claspers or pterygopodia. † pterygospermous adj. [after scientific Latin pterygospermus (1791 or earlier as a specific epithet)] Botany Obsolete rare having winged seeds.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1039/2 Pterygospermus, having winged fruits or seeds, as the Molinga pterygosperma: pterygospermous. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1828
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