pterygiumn.

Brit.

/tɛˈrɪdʒɪəm/, U.S.

/tɛˈrɪdʒiəm/

Inflections: Plural pterygia.

Forms:

α. 1500s pterygius.

β. 1600s–1700s pterygion, 1600s– pterygium.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pterygium.

Etymology: < classical Latin pterygium morbid extension of the conjunctiva or cuticle, in post-classical Latin also any of various structures in anatomy named for a supposed resemblance to a wing (1679 in the passage translated in quot. 1684 at sense 2) < ancient Greek πτερύγιον little wing, fin, morbid extension of the conjunctiva (Hippocrates), in Hellenistic Greek also morbid extension of the cuticle, parts of the nose joining the cheeks < πτέρυγ- , πτέρυξ wing, fin (see pterygo- comb. form) + -ιον, diminutive suffix. Compare Middle French, French pterygion morbid extension of the conjunctiva (1538 as ptérygien; also as ptérygion, pterygium, ptérygium).In α form after Latin nouns in -ius ; in form pterygion after the Greek word. In sense 1c after scientific Latin pterygium colli (O. Funke 1902, in Deutsche Zeitschr. f. Chirurg. 63 162).

a. Ophthalmology. An abnormal triangular growth of fibrovascular tissue beneath the bulbar conjunctiva of the eye, typically having its base at the medial canthus and its apex towards or into the cornea, and often associated with excessive exposure to ultraviolet light.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > growth or ulcer

ungulac1400

nailc1425

haw?1550

pterygium1562

aegilops1578

ungle1583

encanthis1616

argema1661

unguis1684

phlyctenule1819

pinguecula1850

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lvj, in Bulwarke of Defence The pouder thereof put into the iye, will helpe Ptergyus [1579 Pterygius], whiche is a little skinne growing from the corner, couering the sight.

1623 E. Missenden Circle of Commerce i. 9 To take off this Pterygium or thicke skin from Malynes eyes.

1657 Physical Dict. Pterygium, or haw in the eyes called unguis.

1713 P. Kennedy Ophthalmographia xii. 42 If the Pterygium be but beginning, it may be carried off without the Operation.

1780 G. Chandler Treat. Dis. Eye xii. 111 The Unguis, or Pterygium..is a thin, whitish, membranous excrescence, growing out most commoonly from one of the angles of the eye.

1821 G. C. Monteath tr. C. H. Weller Man. Dis. Human Eye I. 216 Pterygium is a triangular thickened fold of the conjunctiva, unaccompanied by pain.

1884 G. Turner Samoa xi. 137 Connected with diseases of the eye, pterygium is common.

1980 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 9 76 Studies of Eskimos and Indians in the Northwest Territories, Alaska, and Greenland revealed a high incidence of corneal pterygium due to excessive UV light exposure.

1997 Time (Special Issue) Fall 17/1 Salome is explaining a traditional cure for pterygium, an eye affliction common to the tropics.

b. An abnormal condition of the nail in which the cuticle extends forward over the nail plate. More fully pterygium unguis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > disorders of nails > [noun]

wartwalec1325

flaw1574

liverage1598

pterygium1601

hangnail1678

mormal1685

agnail1737

onychia1814

defluvium1817

onychogryphosis1833

liver-sick1836

ingrowing1852

backfriend1864

onychomycosis1865

white lie1899

koilonychia1902

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. i. 150 The same serveth in a liniment to be applied with figs to the excrescences or risings of the flesh over the naile, called Pterygia.

1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. xii. 59 Pterygion is an excrescence of flesh about the Nails of the Fingers or Toes.

1711 Bibliotheca Anatomica I. 418/1 How to cure the Pterygion, or Paneritium of the Nails.

1731 D. Turner De Morbis Cutaneis (ed. 4) 268 Otherwise there is sometimes Hazard of the Loss of a Nail, and farther Trouble also from the Pterygion thence arising.

1899 Arch. Surg. 10 147 The nail-fold over the lunula is prolonged forwards, over the bed, as a fan-shaped, fleshy pterygium.

1936 V. Pardo-Castello Dis. Nails iii. 43 Pterygium is an exaggerated growth over the nail plate of the remains of the eponychium.

1995 Dermatology 190 116 Our patients had similar clinical features consisting of severe nail atrophy with and without pterygium.

2005 Biol. Blood & Marrow Transplantation 11 947/2 Dystrophy consisting of longitudinal ridging, nail splitting or brittleness, onycholysis, pterygium unguis, and nail loss (usually symmetric and affecting most nails) are distinctive signs of chronic GVHD.

c. An abnormal web of skin, esp. situated on the neck (more fully pterygium colli) or in the antecubital, popliteal, or interdigital regions.

ΚΠ

1906 Index-Catal. Libr. Surgeon-General's Office, U.S. Army 2nd Ser. XI. 367/1 Neck (abnormalities of)... Funke. Pterygium colli.]

1925 Amer. Jrnl. Dis. Children 29 801 Funke reported a similar case in 1902, under the title of ‘Pterygium colli’.

1956 Blakiston's New Gould Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 985/2 Pterygium,..3. Any fold of skin extending abnormally from one part of the body to another.

1979 BioScience 29 116/3 Short stature and pterygium colli (more commonly called webbed neck)..are also common in 21 trisomy.

1981 Jrnl. Med. Genetics 18 451 The multiple pterygium syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterised by arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, pterygia of the neck, fingers, and antecubital, popliteal, and intercrural areas, growth retardation, and facial, vertebral, and genital anomalies.

1997 Plastic & Reconstr. Surg. 100 91 The presence of a short sciatic nerve in the free edge of a popliteal pterygium makes this syndrome a surgical challenge.

†2. Anatomy. Any of various structures named for a supposed resemblance to a wing; esp. (a) either of the lateral cartilages of the nose (cf. ala n.¹ 1); (b) the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; (c) a labium minus of the vulva. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [noun] > of nose

ala1634

wing1650

pinna1668

pterygium1684

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > sphenoid bone > parts of or associated with

pterygium1684

sella1684

pterygoid process1697

pterygoid bone1719

pterygoid fossa1733

pterygoidean1753

pterygoid plate1758

pterygoid1822

ingrassial bones1839

alisphenoid1846

presphenoid1851

clinoid1854

postsphenoid1862

postsphenoid bone1862

mesopterygoid fossa1881

Vesalian foramen1891

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 240 Pterygium [L. pterygium] is the Wing or round Rising of the Nose or Eye, or the Process of the Bone Sphenoides which is like a Wing... Also the Nymphæ of a Womans secret Parts.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xvii. 417 The Pterygium, or crest of the Spina, is the middle part or prominence of the Spina [of the Scapula].

1737 W. Barrowby tr. J. Astruc Treat. Venereal Dis. I. 146 In Women, [there is inflammation] in the pterygia, the carunculæ myrtiformes, and the rest of the pudendum.

†3. Entomology. In some lepidopterans: a small lobe at the base of the hind wing. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 381 Pterygium,..in under-wings this is a small wing-like appendage, fixed at the base of the wing in some Lepidoptera.

†4. Comparative Anatomy. Any of the fins (paired or unpaired) in the archetypal vertebrate body plan, or the limbs derived from them (without regard to specialization of form). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1879 Trans. Zool. Soc. 10 481 Limbs and azygos fins are structures differing mainly by position... they may all be viewed as different species..of one fundamental set of parts (13 pterygia), for the sum total of which the term sympterygium may be employed.

1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) A hypothetical pterygium, whence other pterygia are supposed to have been evolved, is an archipterygium.

†5. Botany. A wing-shaped petal or other plant part. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > of particular shape or position

keel1597

vexillum1703

standard1725

ala1731

wing1776

banner1785

vexil1813

winglet1855

keel-petal1876

pterygium1896

1896 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Pterygium,..5. Bot. Term applied to petals and other appendages when shaped like wings.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pterygium
释义	pterygiumn. Brit. /tɛˈrɪdʒɪəm/, U.S. /tɛˈrɪdʒiəm/ Inflections: Plural pterygia. Forms: α. 1500s pterygius. β. 1600s–1700s pterygion, 1600s– pterygium. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pterygium. Etymology: < classical Latin pterygium morbid extension of the conjunctiva or cuticle, in post-classical Latin also any of various structures in anatomy named for a supposed resemblance to a wing (1679 in the passage translated in quot. 1684 at sense 2) < ancient Greek πτερύγιον little wing, fin, morbid extension of the conjunctiva (Hippocrates), in Hellenistic Greek also morbid extension of the cuticle, parts of the nose joining the cheeks < πτέρυγ- , πτέρυξ wing, fin (see pterygo- comb. form) + -ιον, diminutive suffix. Compare Middle French, French pterygion morbid extension of the conjunctiva (1538 as ptérygien; also as ptérygion, pterygium, ptérygium).In α form after Latin nouns in -ius ; in form pterygion after the Greek word. In sense 1c after scientific Latin pterygium colli (O. Funke 1902, in Deutsche Zeitschr. f. Chirurg. 63 162). 1. a. Ophthalmology. An abnormal triangular growth of fibrovascular tissue beneath the bulbar conjunctiva of the eye, typically having its base at the medial canthus and its apex towards or into the cornea, and often associated with excessive exposure to ultraviolet light. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > growth or ulcer ungulac1400 nailc1425 haw?1550 pterygium1562 aegilops1578 ungle1583 encanthis1616 argema1661 unguis1684 phlyctenule1819 pinguecula1850 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lvj, in Bulwarke of Defence The pouder thereof put into the iye, will helpe Ptergyus [1579 Pterygius], whiche is a little skinne growing from the corner, couering the sight. 1623 E. Missenden Circle of Commerce i. 9 To take off this Pterygium or thicke skin from Malynes eyes. 1657 Physical Dict. Pterygium, or haw in the eyes called unguis. 1713 P. Kennedy Ophthalmographia xii. 42 If the Pterygium be but beginning, it may be carried off without the Operation. 1780 G. Chandler Treat. Dis. Eye xii. 111 The Unguis, or Pterygium..is a thin, whitish, membranous excrescence, growing out most commoonly from one of the angles of the eye. 1821 G. C. Monteath tr. C. H. Weller Man. Dis. Human Eye I. 216 Pterygium is a triangular thickened fold of the conjunctiva, unaccompanied by pain. 1884 G. Turner Samoa xi. 137 Connected with diseases of the eye, pterygium is common. 1980 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 9 76 Studies of Eskimos and Indians in the Northwest Territories, Alaska, and Greenland revealed a high incidence of corneal pterygium due to excessive UV light exposure. 1997 Time (Special Issue) Fall 17/1 Salome is explaining a traditional cure for pterygium, an eye affliction common to the tropics. b. An abnormal condition of the nail in which the cuticle extends forward over the nail plate. More fully pterygium unguis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > disorders of nails > [noun] wartwalec1325 flaw1574 liverage1598 pterygium1601 hangnail1678 mormal1685 agnail1737 onychia1814 defluvium1817 onychogryphosis1833 liver-sick1836 ingrowing1852 backfriend1864 onychomycosis1865 white lie1899 koilonychia1902 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. i. 150 The same serveth in a liniment to be applied with figs to the excrescences or risings of the flesh over the naile, called Pterygia. 1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. xii. 59 Pterygion is an excrescence of flesh about the Nails of the Fingers or Toes. 1711 Bibliotheca Anatomica I. 418/1 How to cure the Pterygion, or Paneritium of the Nails. 1731 D. Turner De Morbis Cutaneis (ed. 4) 268 Otherwise there is sometimes Hazard of the Loss of a Nail, and farther Trouble also from the Pterygion thence arising. 1899 Arch. Surg. 10 147 The nail-fold over the lunula is prolonged forwards, over the bed, as a fan-shaped, fleshy pterygium. 1936 V. Pardo-Castello Dis. Nails iii. 43 Pterygium is an exaggerated growth over the nail plate of the remains of the eponychium. 1995 Dermatology 190 116 Our patients had similar clinical features consisting of severe nail atrophy with and without pterygium. 2005 Biol. Blood & Marrow Transplantation 11 947/2 Dystrophy consisting of longitudinal ridging, nail splitting or brittleness, onycholysis, pterygium unguis, and nail loss (usually symmetric and affecting most nails) are distinctive signs of chronic GVHD. c. An abnormal web of skin, esp. situated on the neck (more fully pterygium colli) or in the antecubital, popliteal, or interdigital regions. ΚΠ 1906 Index-Catal. Libr. Surgeon-General's Office, U.S. Army 2nd Ser. XI. 367/1 Neck (abnormalities of)... Funke. Pterygium colli.] 1925 Amer. Jrnl. Dis. Children 29 801 Funke reported a similar case in 1902, under the title of ‘Pterygium colli’. 1956 Blakiston's New Gould Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 985/2 Pterygium,..3. Any fold of skin extending abnormally from one part of the body to another. 1979 BioScience 29 116/3 Short stature and pterygium colli (more commonly called webbed neck)..are also common in 21 trisomy. 1981 Jrnl. Med. Genetics 18 451 The multiple pterygium syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterised by arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, pterygia of the neck, fingers, and antecubital, popliteal, and intercrural areas, growth retardation, and facial, vertebral, and genital anomalies. 1997 Plastic & Reconstr. Surg. 100 91 The presence of a short sciatic nerve in the free edge of a popliteal pterygium makes this syndrome a surgical challenge. †2. Anatomy. Any of various structures named for a supposed resemblance to a wing; esp. (a) either of the lateral cartilages of the nose (cf. ala n.¹ 1); (b) the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; (c) a labium minus of the vulva. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [noun] > of nose ala1634 wing1650 pinna1668 pterygium1684 the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > sphenoid bone > parts of or associated with pterygium1684 sella1684 pterygoid process1697 pterygoid bone1719 pterygoid fossa1733 pterygoidean1753 pterygoid plate1758 pterygoid1822 ingrassial bones1839 alisphenoid1846 presphenoid1851 clinoid1854 postsphenoid1862 postsphenoid bone1862 mesopterygoid fossa1881 Vesalian foramen1891 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 240 Pterygium [L. pterygium] is the Wing or round Rising of the Nose or Eye, or the Process of the Bone Sphenoides which is like a Wing... Also the Nymphæ of a Womans secret Parts. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xvii. 417 The Pterygium, or crest of the Spina, is the middle part or prominence of the Spina [of the Scapula]. 1737 W. Barrowby tr. J. Astruc Treat. Venereal Dis. I. 146 In Women, [there is inflammation] in the pterygia, the carunculæ myrtiformes, and the rest of the pudendum. †3. Entomology. In some lepidopterans: a small lobe at the base of the hind wing. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 381 Pterygium,..in under-wings this is a small wing-like appendage, fixed at the base of the wing in some Lepidoptera. †4. Comparative Anatomy. Any of the fins (paired or unpaired) in the archetypal vertebrate body plan, or the limbs derived from them (without regard to specialization of form). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1879 Trans. Zool. Soc. 10 481 Limbs and azygos fins are structures differing mainly by position... they may all be viewed as different species..of one fundamental set of parts (13 pterygia), for the sum total of which the term sympterygium may be employed. 1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) A hypothetical pterygium, whence other pterygia are supposed to have been evolved, is an archipterygium. †5. Botany. A wing-shaped petal or other plant part. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > of particular shape or position keel1597 vexillum1703 standard1725 ala1731 wing1776 banner1785 vexil1813 winglet1855 keel-petal1876 pterygium1896 1896 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Pterygium,..5. Bot. Term applied to petals and other appendages when shaped like wings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1562
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