Proteusn.

Brit.

/ˈprəʊtɪəs/, U.S.

/ˈproʊdiəs/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s Protheus, 1500s– Proteus.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Proteus.

Etymology: < Proteus (classical Latin Prōteus , ancient Greek Πρωτεύς ), the name of a sea-god, notable especially for his ability to change shape, hence used as a nickname, implying inconstancy. In senses 2b and 2c, after scientific Latin Proteus, genus name (see notes at definitions). Compare Middle French, French Proteus , name of the sea-god (c1230 in Old French as Protheus in the source translated in quot. a1425), Protée changeable or inconstant person or thing (1555), name of the sea-god (1623 or earlier), kind of salamander (1805 in Cuvier; < scientific Latin Proteus : see note at sense 2b), Italian proteo changeable person or thing (a1499).With sense 2a compare German Proteus (1755: see quot. a1933 at sense 2a), scientific Latin proteus, specific name ( P. S. Pallas Elenchus Zoophytorum (1766) 417, in the genus Volvox); formerly also used as a genus name in this sense (Proteus, O. F. Müller Animalcula Infusoria (1786) 9).

a. Greek Mythology and Roman Mythology. A sea-god, the son of Oceanus and Tethys, said to be capable of assuming various shapes at will.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > other classical deities

Plutoc1330

Herculesc1369

Proteusa1425

Tellusc1425

chaosa1522

grace1538

terminus1565

victory1569

Hymena1593

harvest queen1598

Hades1599

aurora1610

puffer1615

Egeria1624

hour1637

Hygeia1737

Kore1844

Nike1846

vintage-god1873

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 6319 For Protheus [Fr. Protheus] that cowde hym chaunge In every shap, homly and straunge, Cowde nevere sich gile ne tresoun As I.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xx. sig. K4 Proteus..is supposed to haue turned him selfe in to sondry figures, as some tyme to shewe him selfe like a serpent, some tyme like a lyon, other whiles like water, another time like the flame of fire.

a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. D1^v And Midas like he iets it in the court, With base outlandish cullions at his heeles, Whose proud fantastick liueries make such show, As if that Proteus god of shapes appearde.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 137 More mutable then Proteus.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 xv. 5 So here the skaly Herd when Proteus blows.

1710 M. Chudleigh Essays 55 Telling them of Witches metamorphos'd into more Shapes than Proteus ever assum'd.

1750 M. Jones Misc. in Prose & Verse 188 Such changes Proteus himself never underwent; but such changes a poor Demoniac may easily be supposed to undergo.

1806 W. Wordsworth World is too much with Us in Misc. Sonn. 13 So might I..Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea; Or hear old Triton blow his wreathèd horn.

1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion i. ii. 24 Let Proteus shift in ocean From shape to shape that eludes.

1959 Proc. Zool. Soc. 132 67 The mythical Proteus frustrated would-be captors by constantly changing his shape.

1994 Compass (Toronto) Mar. 17/2 There is a cast of mind now taking shape in all of us that I call the protean self, after Proteus, a Greek god who was many-sided and a shapeshifter.

b. allusive. (A type of) a person who or thing which can assume various forms, aspects, or characters; a changeable, variable, or inconstant person or thing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > [noun] > of position or attitude > one who changes

Proteus1528

convertite1598

convert1641

the world > time > change > changeableness > [noun] > changeable person or thing

weathercocka1300

wind?a1513

Proteus1528

chameleon1586

moon's man1598

vane1598

mooncalf1607

remover1609

tarand1641

inconstant1647

mutables1652

changeablea1711

kaleidoscope1819

phantasmagoria1822

palimpsest1845

variable1846

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > inconstant person or thing

Proteus1528

chameleon1586

inconstant1647

1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. i iiij^v They are a grett deale more mutable, Then Proteus of forme so variable.

1585 W. Bullokar tr. Æsop Fables 111 A Protheus, vn-stedfast in word and ded.

1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 28 Such a subtile Protheus hee is, that he can turn himself into all maner of shapes.

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 110 He must be a Cateline in countenance, a Protheus in shape and a Camelion in change.

1650 T. Vaughan Anthroposophia Theomagica 46 This is it makes the Soul subject to so many Passions, to such a Proteus of humors.

1685 tr. B. Gracián y Morales Courtiers Oracle 76 He is a wise Proteus that is holy with the holy,..serious with the serious, and jovial with the merry.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 13 Being such Proteuses in Religion, that no body was ever able to discover what shape or standard their Consciences are really of.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. iii. §97. 190 Shift and change like a Proteus.

1786 A. Yearsley Poems (ed. 4) xxx For all the perfection, fame, or virtues she can boast of possessing, I would not be so much a Proteus!

1823 R. Hall Wks. (1841) V. 62 Mental phenomena form a Proteus which is constantly changing its aspect.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) ii. vi. 217 Mahinui..like a Proteus endowed with endless avatars, came to the assistance of the shipwrecked and carried them ashore in the guise of a ray-fish.

1927 L. MacNeice in Oxf. Poetry 18 His own self only like a tenuous chain holding events together desperately grapples the Proteus of reality.

1968 Listener 11 July 44/3 New York..has turned itself into a Proteus among cities, changing, growing up too, tackling responsibilities breathlessly.

2000 Archit. Rev. 208 76/1 In a recently finished book, Le Corbusier and the Continual Revolution in Architecture, I have found the same pattern in this the Proteus of design.

a. Zoology. An amoeba. Also more fully Proteus animalcule, †Proteus insect. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > class Sarcodina > order Rhizopoda > [noun] > member of > member of suborder Amoebida (amoeba)

Proteus1753

amœba1841

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > types of

vibrio1850

micrococcus1870

microzyme1870

Spirillum1875

mycothrix1876

leptothrix1877

Spirochaete1877

streptococcus1877

Actinomyces1879

frogspawn1880

schizophyte1880

schizomycetes1881

gonococcus1882

saprophile1882

vibrion1882

coccus1883

diplococcus1883

streptobacteria1883

Clostridium1884

actinomycetes1885

pneumococcus1885

macrococcus1887

staphylococcus1887

iron bacterium1888

Proteus1888

ferrobacterium1890

meningococcus1890

rhizobium1890

sulphobacteria1890

nitrobacterium1891

Streptothrix1891

sulphur bacterium1891

myxobacter1892

Myxococcus1892

tetracoccus1893

coli1894

Pasteurella1895

pyrotoxin1895

Gaertner1897

purple bacterium1897

myxobacterium1898

pseudomonas1899

thiobacteria1900

treponema1908

corynebacterium1909

mycobacterium1909

Salmonella1913

Neisseria1915

botulinum1916

rickettsia1916

leptospira1918

acetobacter1920

Brucella1920

pseudomonad1921

strep1927

enterobacterium1929

opportunist1937

eubacterium1939

agrobacterium1942

persister1944

Moraxella1948

enteric1956

streptomycete1956

leptospire1957

transformant1957

lysogen1958

listeria1961

C. difficile1962

yersinia1967

Campylobacter1971

cyanobacterium1973

coryneform1976

eubacterium1977

legionella1979

acetogen1982

C. diff.1990

acidophilous1996

1753 H. Baker Employment for Microscope ii. v. 260 [An Animalcule] whose Ability of assuming different Shapes, and those so little resembling one another, that nobody (without actually seeing its Transformation performed under the Eye) would believe it to be the same Creature, has given me Reason to distinguish it by the Name of the Proteus.

1787 G. Adams Ess. Microscope 550 This animalculum puts on such various forms, that at first sight it appears like the proteus of Baker.

1806 P. Wakefield Domest. Recreat. vi. 85 I shall find plenty of the Proteus insect in it.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 256 Amœba Proteus or A. princeps, the Proteus animalcule..is to be found in the upper layers of soft ooze at the bottom of still clear lakes, ponds, and ditches.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) i. 1 Its indefinite and ever-changing shape is characteristic, and has gained for it the name ‘proteus animalcule’.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. iii. 42 Roesel von Rosenhof, one of the earliest observers of the amoeba, called it in 1755, ‘the little Proteus’ or the Proteus animalcule, after a mythical Greek personage who was ever changing from one form to another.

b. Zoology. Formerly (also proteus): †a cave-dwelling aquatic salamander of the genus Proteus (cf. olm n.) (obsolete). Now only: the genus itself.Valid publication of the genus name: J. N. Laurenti Synopsis Reptilium (1768) 35 (also including two animals later recognized as the juvenile forms of other amphibians).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > amphibians > order Urodela or Caudata > [noun] > family Proteidae (mudpuppies) > proteus anguinis

Proteus1819

olm1871

1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 243 He [sc. Laurenti] considered it as a perfect animal, and called it Proteus Anguinus.]

1819 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 109 213 I was led to examine the vertebræ of the Proteus, three specimens of which Sir Humphry Davy had just sent me from Germany.

a1829 H. Davy Consol. in Trav. (1830) iv. 190 The same infinite power..has given the Proteus to the deep and dark subterraneous lakes of Illyria,—an animal to whom the presence of light is not essential.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 188 In the proteus the last segment of the fore-limb divides into three rays.

1902 J. N. Baskett & R. L. Ditmars Story Amphibians & Reptiles vii. 48 Proteus..lives in a cave in Austria.

1965 B. E. Freeman tr. A. Vandel Biospeleol. iii. 23 Proteus represents a veritable giant amongst the European cave fauna, because it reaches a length of 30 cm.

1997 Jrnl. Biogeogr. 24 271/2 In many localities in Slovenia Proteus populations have already disappeared because of water pollution.

c. Microbiology. A genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae), which occur in the intestines of humans and many other animals and in manure, soil, and water, and are opportunistic pathogens, esp. of the urinary tract; (also proteus) a bacterium of this genus.Valid publication of the genus name: G. Hauser Ueber Fäulnissbacterien(1885) 12.

ΚΠ

1887 Science 8 Apr. 331/2 A short bacillus frequently found in the Hudson River water.., apparently identical with the Proteus vulgaris of Hauser.]

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 398/1 Proteus, a genus of Schizomycetes, forming cocci and rods of variable length.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 748 Dr. Booker states that a group which he calls the ‘proteus’ group of bacteria was represented in fifteen out of nineteen cases.

1962 Lancet 12 May 989/1 In 1 other patient infected with a proteus strain, organisms isolated during and after treatment were more resistant than the pre-treatment cultures.

1988 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 May 1434/1 Ebringer et al..reported a selective antibody response to proteus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

2003 Jrnl. Med. Microbiol. 52 471 Formation of infectious urinary calculi is the most common complication accompanying urinary tract infections by members of the genus Proteus.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, in sense 1.

ΚΠ

1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia sig. D8^v Let's esteeme Opinion as she is, Fooles bawble, innouations Mistris, The Proteus Robin-good-fellow of change.

1609 G. Markham Famous Whore 19 So rarely could my Proteus art disguize, That I could bleare and blind best seeing eies.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 118 O Proteus Conscience, never to be ty'd!

1756 Considerations Present State Affairs 28 They..with a versatility peculiar to their Proteus-policy, take any form, even that of zeal for liberty, which they detest.

1790 E. Darwin Bot. Garden (ed. 2) II. iv. 181 The Proteus-lover woos his playful bride, To win the fair he tries a thousand forms.

1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 599/1 The fantastic tricks of this Proteus principle, become most amusing.

1839 T. Carlyle Chartism iv. 34 English Commerce with its..immeasurable Proteus Steam-demon, makes..all life a bewilderment.

2000 S. Youens tr. E. Mörike in S. Youens Hugo Wolf & his Mörike Songs 4 You will be not a little astonished at my Proteus-nature, that can now enter this skin.

C2.

Proteus syndrome n. Medicine a rare, sporadic disorder with highly variable manifestations in which there is overgrowth of bone and soft tissues, often asymmetrical and typically resulting in enlargement of the head, hands, or feet and the occurrence of multiple soft tissue tumours and vascular malformations.Proteus syndrome is considered to be a possible explanation for the deformities exhibited by Joseph Merrick (1862–90), the Elephant Man.

ΚΠ

1983 H. R. Wiedemann et al. European Jrnl. Pediatrics 140 5 Four boys are described with partial gigantism of the hands and/or feet, pigmented nevi, hemihypertrophy, subcutaneous hamartomatous tumors and macrocephaly, and/or other skull anomalies... We propose the term Proteus syndrome for this ‘new’ syndrome.

1996 Guardian 5 Dec. i. 6/8 Proteus syndrome involves abnormal growth of both bone and soft tissue.

2001 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 10 June 33 He points out that NF-1 [= neurofibromatosis type 1] and Proteus Syndrome each explain some of Merrick's symptoms; in combination, they also explain the singular nature of his condition.

Derivatives

† Proteusian adj. Obsolete rare = Protean adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective]

sunderlyeOE

manifoldeOE

selcoutha1000

felefoldc1000

mislichOE

alkinOE

manykinOE

fele-kync1175

serekina1300

sundera1325

sundrya1325

serea1340

divers1340

varyingc1340

variantc1380

muchfoldc1384

serelepesa1400

serelepya1400

multifaryc1460

sundryfoldc1460

multiplicate?a1475

variable?a1475

sundrilyc1480

diversea1542

particoloured1591

multifarious1593

Protean1594

daedal1596

choiceful1605

Daedalian1605

multiplex1606

variated1608

diversified1611

multiplicious1617

variousa1634

multivarious1636

mosaic1644

multiple1647

omnigenous1650

chequered1656

plurifarious1656

ununiform1660

variate1677

disuniform1687

Proteusian1689

unsteady1690

unequable1693

inequable1721

variegating1727

varied1733

multitudinous1744

multifold1806

polygeneous1818

unequalized1822

ruleless1836

varicoloured185.

non-uniform1856

omnigener1857

polytypic1858

multiferous1860

variatious1871

variegated1872

polytypical1890

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > [adjective] > changing in form

form-shifting1593

Protean1594

shape-changing1621

Proteusian1689

metamorphostical1722

metamorphic1816

proteiform1833

shape-shifting1884

1689 T. Plunket Char. Good Commander 51 Proteusian pranks, unthought of mysteries.

1875 C. V. Bonney Legacy Hist. Gleanings 26 As for the general Politics of the Country, they have assumed such a Proteusian character.

ˈProteus-like adj. and adv.

ΚΠ

1611 I. Jones in T. Corygate Crudities 64–5 To tracke thy steps, who Proteus like dost varie Thy shape to place.

1635 T. Cranley Amanda 35 Thus Proteus-like strange shapes thou ventrest on And changest hue.

1718 Entertainer No. 34. 233 Who it is, that Proteus like has so often shifted his Meaning.

1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. viii. 196 In such a Proteus-like Distemper.

1856 R. F. Burton First Footsteps in E. Afr. 232 The Proteus-like malaria poison.

1898 ‘M. Field’ World at Auction i. p. xiii. Proteus-like, the dancer took each figure And shape of rage.

1955 W. J. Bate Achievem. Samuel Johnson ii. 68 He follows the human craving for ‘novelty’ and immediately recognizes it despite its agile, Proteus-like ability to take any form.

2002 Technol. Rev. (Nexis) May 54 These itinerant prototypes are early steps toward Proteus-like machines that adapt to new environments.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	proteus
释义	Proteusn. Brit. /ˈprəʊtɪəs/, U.S. /ˈproʊdiəs/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s Protheus, 1500s– Proteus. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Proteus. Etymology: < Proteus (classical Latin Prōteus , ancient Greek Πρωτεύς ), the name of a sea-god, notable especially for his ability to change shape, hence used as a nickname, implying inconstancy. In senses 2b and 2c, after scientific Latin Proteus, genus name (see notes at definitions). Compare Middle French, French Proteus , name of the sea-god (c1230 in Old French as Protheus in the source translated in quot. a1425), Protée changeable or inconstant person or thing (1555), name of the sea-god (1623 or earlier), kind of salamander (1805 in Cuvier; < scientific Latin Proteus : see note at sense 2b), Italian proteo changeable person or thing (a1499).With sense 2a compare German Proteus (1755: see quot. a1933 at sense 2a), scientific Latin proteus, specific name ( P. S. Pallas Elenchus Zoophytorum (1766) 417, in the genus Volvox); formerly also used as a genus name in this sense (Proteus, O. F. Müller Animalcula Infusoria (1786) 9). 1. a. Greek Mythology and Roman Mythology. A sea-god, the son of Oceanus and Tethys, said to be capable of assuming various shapes at will. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > other classical deities Plutoc1330 Herculesc1369 Proteusa1425 Tellusc1425 chaosa1522 grace1538 terminus1565 victory1569 Hymena1593 harvest queen1598 Hades1599 aurora1610 puffer1615 Egeria1624 hour1637 Hygeia1737 Kore1844 Nike1846 vintage-god1873 a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 6319 For Protheus [Fr. Protheus] that cowde hym chaunge In every shap, homly and straunge, Cowde nevere sich gile ne tresoun As I. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xx. sig. K4 Proteus..is supposed to haue turned him selfe in to sondry figures, as some tyme to shewe him selfe like a serpent, some tyme like a lyon, other whiles like water, another time like the flame of fire. a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. D1^v And Midas like he iets it in the court, With base outlandish cullions at his heeles, Whose proud fantastick liueries make such show, As if that Proteus god of shapes appearde. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 137 More mutable then Proteus. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 xv. 5 So here the skaly Herd when Proteus blows. 1710 M. Chudleigh Essays 55 Telling them of Witches metamorphos'd into more Shapes than Proteus ever assum'd. 1750 M. Jones Misc. in Prose & Verse 188 Such changes Proteus himself never underwent; but such changes a poor Demoniac may easily be supposed to undergo. 1806 W. Wordsworth World is too much with Us in Misc. Sonn. 13 So might I..Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea; Or hear old Triton blow his wreathèd horn. 1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion i. ii. 24 Let Proteus shift in ocean From shape to shape that eludes. 1959 Proc. Zool. Soc. 132 67 The mythical Proteus frustrated would-be captors by constantly changing his shape. 1994 Compass (Toronto) Mar. 17/2 There is a cast of mind now taking shape in all of us that I call the protean self, after Proteus, a Greek god who was many-sided and a shapeshifter. b. allusive. (A type of) a person who or thing which can assume various forms, aspects, or characters; a changeable, variable, or inconstant person or thing. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > [noun] > of position or attitude > one who changes Proteus1528 convertite1598 convert1641 the world > time > change > changeableness > [noun] > changeable person or thing weathercocka1300 wind?a1513 Proteus1528 chameleon1586 moon's man1598 vane1598 mooncalf1607 remover1609 tarand1641 inconstant1647 mutables1652 changeablea1711 kaleidoscope1819 phantasmagoria1822 palimpsest1845 variable1846 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > inconstant person or thing Proteus1528 chameleon1586 inconstant1647 1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. i iiij^v They are a grett deale more mutable, Then Proteus of forme so variable. 1585 W. Bullokar tr. Æsop Fables 111 A Protheus, vn-stedfast in word and ded. 1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 28 Such a subtile Protheus hee is, that he can turn himself into all maner of shapes. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 110 He must be a Cateline in countenance, a Protheus in shape and a Camelion in change. 1650 T. Vaughan Anthroposophia Theomagica 46 This is it makes the Soul subject to so many Passions, to such a Proteus of humors. 1685 tr. B. Gracián y Morales Courtiers Oracle 76 He is a wise Proteus that is holy with the holy,..serious with the serious, and jovial with the merry. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 13 Being such Proteuses in Religion, that no body was ever able to discover what shape or standard their Consciences are really of. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. iii. §97. 190 Shift and change like a Proteus. 1786 A. Yearsley Poems (ed. 4) xxx For all the perfection, fame, or virtues she can boast of possessing, I would not be so much a Proteus! 1823 R. Hall Wks. (1841) V. 62 Mental phenomena form a Proteus which is constantly changing its aspect. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) ii. vi. 217 Mahinui..like a Proteus endowed with endless avatars, came to the assistance of the shipwrecked and carried them ashore in the guise of a ray-fish. 1927 L. MacNeice in Oxf. Poetry 18 His own self only like a tenuous chain holding events together desperately grapples the Proteus of reality. 1968 Listener 11 July 44/3 New York..has turned itself into a Proteus among cities, changing, growing up too, tackling responsibilities breathlessly. 2000 Archit. Rev. 208 76/1 In a recently finished book, Le Corbusier and the Continual Revolution in Architecture, I have found the same pattern in this the Proteus of design. 2. a. Zoology. An amoeba. Also more fully Proteus animalcule, †Proteus insect. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > class Sarcodina > order Rhizopoda > [noun] > member of > member of suborder Amoebida (amoeba) Proteus1753 amœba1841 the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > types of vibrio1850 micrococcus1870 microzyme1870 Spirillum1875 mycothrix1876 leptothrix1877 Spirochaete1877 streptococcus1877 Actinomyces1879 frogspawn1880 schizophyte1880 schizomycetes1881 gonococcus1882 saprophile1882 vibrion1882 coccus1883 diplococcus1883 streptobacteria1883 Clostridium1884 actinomycetes1885 pneumococcus1885 macrococcus1887 staphylococcus1887 iron bacterium1888 Proteus1888 ferrobacterium1890 meningococcus1890 rhizobium1890 sulphobacteria1890 nitrobacterium1891 Streptothrix1891 sulphur bacterium1891 myxobacter1892 Myxococcus1892 tetracoccus1893 coli1894 Pasteurella1895 pyrotoxin1895 Gaertner1897 purple bacterium1897 myxobacterium1898 pseudomonas1899 thiobacteria1900 treponema1908 corynebacterium1909 mycobacterium1909 Salmonella1913 Neisseria1915 botulinum1916 rickettsia1916 leptospira1918 acetobacter1920 Brucella1920 pseudomonad1921 strep1927 enterobacterium1929 opportunist1937 eubacterium1939 agrobacterium1942 persister1944 Moraxella1948 enteric1956 streptomycete1956 leptospire1957 transformant1957 lysogen1958 listeria1961 C. difficile1962 yersinia1967 Campylobacter1971 cyanobacterium1973 coryneform1976 eubacterium1977 legionella1979 acetogen1982 C. diff.1990 acidophilous1996 1753 H. Baker Employment for Microscope ii. v. 260 [An Animalcule] whose Ability of assuming different Shapes, and those so little resembling one another, that nobody (without actually seeing its Transformation performed under the Eye) would believe it to be the same Creature, has given me Reason to distinguish it by the Name of the Proteus. 1787 G. Adams Ess. Microscope 550 This animalculum puts on such various forms, that at first sight it appears like the proteus of Baker. 1806 P. Wakefield Domest. Recreat. vi. 85 I shall find plenty of the Proteus insect in it. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 256 Amœba Proteus or A. princeps, the Proteus animalcule..is to be found in the upper layers of soft ooze at the bottom of still clear lakes, ponds, and ditches. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) i. 1 Its indefinite and ever-changing shape is characteristic, and has gained for it the name ‘proteus animalcule’. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. iii. 42 Roesel von Rosenhof, one of the earliest observers of the amoeba, called it in 1755, ‘the little Proteus’ or the Proteus animalcule, after a mythical Greek personage who was ever changing from one form to another. b. Zoology. Formerly (also proteus): †a cave-dwelling aquatic salamander of the genus Proteus (cf. olm n.) (obsolete). Now only: the genus itself.Valid publication of the genus name: J. N. Laurenti Synopsis Reptilium (1768) 35 (also including two animals later recognized as the juvenile forms of other amphibians). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > amphibians > order Urodela or Caudata > [noun] > family Proteidae (mudpuppies) > proteus anguinis Proteus1819 olm1871 1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 243 He [sc. Laurenti] considered it as a perfect animal, and called it Proteus Anguinus.] 1819 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 109 213 I was led to examine the vertebræ of the Proteus, three specimens of which Sir Humphry Davy had just sent me from Germany. a1829 H. Davy Consol. in Trav. (1830) iv. 190 The same infinite power..has given the Proteus to the deep and dark subterraneous lakes of Illyria,—an animal to whom the presence of light is not essential. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 188 In the proteus the last segment of the fore-limb divides into three rays. 1902 J. N. Baskett & R. L. Ditmars Story Amphibians & Reptiles vii. 48 Proteus..lives in a cave in Austria. 1965 B. E. Freeman tr. A. Vandel Biospeleol. iii. 23 Proteus represents a veritable giant amongst the European cave fauna, because it reaches a length of 30 cm. 1997 Jrnl. Biogeogr. 24 271/2 In many localities in Slovenia Proteus populations have already disappeared because of water pollution. c. Microbiology. A genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae), which occur in the intestines of humans and many other animals and in manure, soil, and water, and are opportunistic pathogens, esp. of the urinary tract; (also proteus) a bacterium of this genus.Valid publication of the genus name: G. Hauser Ueber Fäulnissbacterien(1885) 12. ΚΠ 1887 Science 8 Apr. 331/2 A short bacillus frequently found in the Hudson River water.., apparently identical with the Proteus vulgaris of Hauser.] 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 398/1 Proteus, a genus of Schizomycetes, forming cocci and rods of variable length. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 748 Dr. Booker states that a group which he calls the ‘proteus’ group of bacteria was represented in fifteen out of nineteen cases. 1962 Lancet 12 May 989/1 In 1 other patient infected with a proteus strain, organisms isolated during and after treatment were more resistant than the pre-treatment cultures. 1988 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 May 1434/1 Ebringer et al..reported a selective antibody response to proteus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 2003 Jrnl. Med. Microbiol. 52 471 Formation of infectious urinary calculi is the most common complication accompanying urinary tract infections by members of the genus Proteus. Compounds C1. General attributive, in sense 1. ΚΠ 1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia sig. D8^v Let's esteeme Opinion as she is, Fooles bawble, innouations Mistris, The Proteus Robin-good-fellow of change. 1609 G. Markham Famous Whore 19 So rarely could my Proteus art disguize, That I could bleare and blind best seeing eies. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 118 O Proteus Conscience, never to be ty'd! 1756 Considerations Present State Affairs 28 They..with a versatility peculiar to their Proteus-policy, take any form, even that of zeal for liberty, which they detest. 1790 E. Darwin Bot. Garden (ed. 2) II. iv. 181 The Proteus-lover woos his playful bride, To win the fair he tries a thousand forms. 1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 599/1 The fantastic tricks of this Proteus principle, become most amusing. 1839 T. Carlyle Chartism iv. 34 English Commerce with its..immeasurable Proteus Steam-demon, makes..all life a bewilderment. 2000 S. Youens tr. E. Mörike in S. Youens Hugo Wolf & his Mörike Songs 4 You will be not a little astonished at my Proteus-nature, that can now enter this skin. C2. Proteus syndrome n. Medicine a rare, sporadic disorder with highly variable manifestations in which there is overgrowth of bone and soft tissues, often asymmetrical and typically resulting in enlargement of the head, hands, or feet and the occurrence of multiple soft tissue tumours and vascular malformations.Proteus syndrome is considered to be a possible explanation for the deformities exhibited by Joseph Merrick (1862–90), the Elephant Man. ΚΠ 1983 H. R. Wiedemann et al. European Jrnl. Pediatrics 140 5 Four boys are described with partial gigantism of the hands and/or feet, pigmented nevi, hemihypertrophy, subcutaneous hamartomatous tumors and macrocephaly, and/or other skull anomalies... We propose the term Proteus syndrome for this ‘new’ syndrome. 1996 Guardian 5 Dec. i. 6/8 Proteus syndrome involves abnormal growth of both bone and soft tissue. 2001 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 10 June 33 He points out that NF-1 [= neurofibromatosis type 1] and Proteus Syndrome each explain some of Merrick's symptoms; in combination, they also explain the singular nature of his condition. Derivatives † Proteusian adj. Obsolete rare = Protean adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] sunderlyeOE manifoldeOE selcoutha1000 felefoldc1000 mislichOE alkinOE manykinOE fele-kync1175 serekina1300 sundera1325 sundrya1325 serea1340 divers1340 varyingc1340 variantc1380 muchfoldc1384 serelepesa1400 serelepya1400 multifaryc1460 sundryfoldc1460 multiplicate?a1475 variable?a1475 sundrilyc1480 diversea1542 particoloured1591 multifarious1593 Protean1594 daedal1596 choiceful1605 Daedalian1605 multiplex1606 variated1608 diversified1611 multiplicious1617 variousa1634 multivarious1636 mosaic1644 multiple1647 omnigenous1650 chequered1656 plurifarious1656 ununiform1660 variate1677 disuniform1687 Proteusian1689 unsteady1690 unequable1693 inequable1721 variegating1727 varied1733 multitudinous1744 multifold1806 polygeneous1818 unequalized1822 ruleless1836 varicoloured185. non-uniform1856 omnigener1857 polytypic1858 multiferous1860 variatious1871 variegated1872 polytypical1890 the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > [adjective] > changing in form form-shifting1593 Protean1594 shape-changing1621 Proteusian1689 metamorphostical1722 metamorphic1816 proteiform1833 shape-shifting1884 1689 T. Plunket Char. Good Commander 51 Proteusian pranks, unthought of mysteries. 1875 C. V. Bonney Legacy Hist. Gleanings 26 As for the general Politics of the Country, they have assumed such a Proteusian character. ˈProteus-like adj. and adv. ΚΠ 1611 I. Jones in T. Corygate Crudities 64–5 To tracke thy steps, who Proteus like dost varie Thy shape to place. 1635 T. Cranley Amanda 35 Thus Proteus-like strange shapes thou ventrest on And changest hue. 1718 Entertainer No. 34. 233 Who it is, that Proteus like has so often shifted his Meaning. 1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. viii. 196 In such a Proteus-like Distemper. 1856 R. F. Burton First Footsteps in E. Afr. 232 The Proteus-like malaria poison. 1898 ‘M. Field’ World at Auction i. p. xiii. Proteus-like, the dancer took each figure And shape of rage. 1955 W. J. Bate Achievem. Samuel Johnson ii. 68 He follows the human craving for ‘novelty’ and immediately recognizes it despite its agile, Proteus-like ability to take any form. 2002 Technol. Rev. (Nexis) May 54 These itinerant prototypes are early steps toward Proteus-like machines that adapt to new environments. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1425
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