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单词 proletary
释义

proletaryn.adj.

Brit. /ˈprəʊlᵻt(ə)ri/, /ˈprɒlᵻt(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈproʊləˌtɛri/
Forms: 1500s prolatary, 1500s– proletary, 1600s proletairie.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: Latin prōlētārius.
Etymology: < classical Latin prōlētārius (adjective) belonging to the lowest class of citizens (originally with reference to the constitution of Servius Tullus, 6th cent. b.c.), common, vulgar, (as noun) Roman citizen of the lowest class, person who served the state not with his property but only with his offspring, probably < prōlēs proles n. + -ārius -ary suffix1, with inserted -t- (probably on the model of adjectives in -tārius , as elementārius elementary adj., voluntārius voluntary adj.). In later use chiefly after French prolétaire (c1375 in Middle French as prolectaire (noun) with reference to ancient Rome; 1789 (adjective) and 1792 (noun) with reference to contemporary society; compare proletaire n.). Compare Catalan proletari (1839 with reference to contemporary society), Spanish proletario (first half of the 19th cent. with reference to contemporary society), Italian proletario, noun (14th cent. with reference to ancient Rome, 1751–60 with reference to contemporary society), and also German Proletarier (1842 in Engels, or earlier, with reference to contemporary society).Compare earlier unassimilated borrowing of Latin prōlētārius (noun) into Old English (one isolated attestation):eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. i. 83 Æfter þæm foran Romane on Tarentine, & swa clæne hie namon heora fultum mid him, þætte heora proletarii ne moston him beæftan beon—þæt wæron þa þe hie gesett hæfdon þæt sceoldon be heora wifum bearna strienan þonne hie on gewin foron.
Now rare.
A. n.
= proletarian n. (in various senses).In early use also (occasionally): a person whose chief or only responsibility is to produce offspring.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class
ribalda1250
kitchen knave1440
scullion1483
scudler1488
canel raker?1518
channel raker1575
proletary1576
muckworm1649
proletariana1657
infimate1733
proletaire1796
coolie1803
gutterling1846
mudsill1858
prole1887
gutter-sparrow1890
gutter-bird1896
underworldling1928
delta1932
lumpenproletarian1936
proly1959
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > working class > one of
working manOE
mechanical1600
mechanic1607
workman1704
proletarian1841
proletary1879
prole1887
slob1910
1576 T. Rogers Philos. Disc. Anat. Minde ii. ii. f. 70 The Romanes had a company of men called Proletaries, vppon whome was neuer any task or fyne set, but they dyd benefite, and pleasure theyr countrey with begettinge children.
1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule i. xix. 37 The Assyrians and Babilonians boughte their wiues.., but after vsed mariages, regarding therewith their Prolataries, as the Spartanes didde them that begatte their men children.
1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) Democritus to Rdr. 32 Of 15000 proletaries slaine in a battell, scarce fifteene are recorded in History.
1710 G. King Observ. Schemes of Number & Value Spiritual Livings 15 Nov. in Hist. Jrnl. (1996) 39 247 The Clergy as well as the poor are our Proletarys, for furnishing us with people.
1840 O. A. Brownson in Boston Q. Rev. July 373 Our business is to emancipate the proletaries, as the past has emancipated the slaves.
1845 Harbinger 21 June 21 In Germany the separation between the wage-classes or proletaries, and the employers, is not so profound as in France and England.
1865 G. A. Sala My Diary in Amer. II. 102 The proletaries—this word, in a military sense, is not mine, but Burton's, of the ‘Anatomy’—whom Columbia has summoned or forced beneath her star-spangled standard.
1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such ix. 171 The bitterness which capitalists and employers often feel to be a reasonable mood towards obstructive proletaries.
1894 Athenæum 22 Sept. 381/3 [Her Socialist husband] introduces fierce proletaries into her drawing-room.
1916 Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily Star 29 Jan. 6/2 He has been the ready gladiator for the proletaries in American life.
1956 O. Scherer-Virski tr. M. Kridl Surv. Polish Lit. & Culture viii. 300 Irydion's aim is..to win to his side those who for some reason must also hate Rome: the disinherited proletaries, the barbarians, and the Christians.
1998 Re: Sept. Jrnl. Marxism List in alt.politics.socialism.trotsky (Usenet newsgroup) 15 Nov. There is still a great gap to be spanned between the large concentrations of urban proletaries and ‘rural’ dispossessed in Brazil.
B. adj.
= proletarian adj. (in various senses).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective] > of ancient Rome
proletary1609
proletarian1652
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective]
draffsacked1548
sordid1596
dunghilly1616
proletarious1654
proletaneous1656
proletical1659
raff1761
raffish1795
proletarian1848
riff-raffy1850
proletary1854
low-down1865
underworld1929
lumpenproletarian1936
prole1938
nitty-gritty1948
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [adjective] > working-class
laborious1534
mechanicc1550
mechanical1584
aproned1628
working class1833
proletarian1848
lower working class1878
proletary1884
cloth-capped1935
prole1938
cloth cap1959
Coronation Street1962
proly1971
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 138 He should gaine a number of proletairie subjects [L. proletarios plures] to multiplie and beget issue.
1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 228 The sixth [class] being Proletary that is..such as through their Poverty contributed nothing to the Commonwealth but Children.
1848 Times 7 Sept. 4/2 In his eyes they were but an aristocratic cabal leagued to oppress his proletary clients.
1854 Prospective Rev. Nov. 445 The increase of a proletary class.
1884 J. R. Lowell Democracy (1887) 7 The change from an agricultural to a proletary population.
1907 J. Davidson Triumph Mammon v. i. 113 The poison-fangs of bloated capital, That python gorged with proletary prey.
1961 World Politics 14 172 A deviant community seeking independence, autonomy, or revolution within a polity may be called, from the perspective of the macro-polity, a proletary community.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1576
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