proletaryn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈprəʊlᵻt(ə)ri/,

/ˈprɒlᵻt(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈproʊləˌtɛri/

Forms: 1500s prolatary, 1500s– proletary, 1600s proletairie.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: Latin prōlētārius.

Etymology: < classical Latin prōlētārius (adjective) belonging to the lowest class of citizens (originally with reference to the constitution of Servius Tullus, 6th cent. b.c.), common, vulgar, (as noun) Roman citizen of the lowest class, person who served the state not with his property but only with his offspring, probably < prōlēs proles n. + -ārius -ary suffix¹, with inserted -t- (probably on the model of adjectives in -tārius , as elementārius elementary adj., voluntārius voluntary adj.). In later use chiefly after French prolétaire (c1375 in Middle French as prolectaire (noun) with reference to ancient Rome; 1789 (adjective) and 1792 (noun) with reference to contemporary society; compare proletaire n.). Compare Catalan proletari (1839 with reference to contemporary society), Spanish proletario (first half of the 19th cent. with reference to contemporary society), Italian proletario, noun (14th cent. with reference to ancient Rome, 1751–60 with reference to contemporary society), and also German Proletarier (1842 in Engels, or earlier, with reference to contemporary society).Compare earlier unassimilated borrowing of Latin prōlētārius (noun) into Old English (one isolated attestation):eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. i. 83 Æfter þæm foran Romane on Tarentine, & swa clæne hie namon heora fultum mid him, þætte heora proletarii ne moston him beæftan beon—þæt wæron þa þe hie gesett hæfdon þæt sceoldon be heora wifum bearna strienan þonne hie on gewin foron.

Now rare.

A. n.

= proletarian n. (in various senses).In early use also (occasionally): a person whose chief or only responsibility is to produce offspring.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class

ribalda1250

kitchen knave1440

scullion1483

scudler1488

canel raker?1518

channel raker1575

proletary1576

muckworm1649

proletariana1657

infimate1733

proletaire1796

coolie1803

gutterling1846

mudsill1858

prole1887

gutter-sparrow1890

gutter-bird1896

underworldling1928

delta1932

lumpenproletarian1936

proly1959

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > working class > one of

working manOE

mechanical1600

mechanic1607

workman1704

proletarian1841

proletary1879

prole1887

slob1910

1576 T. Rogers Philos. Disc. Anat. Minde ii. ii. f. 70 The Romanes had a company of men called Proletaries, vppon whome was neuer any task or fyne set, but they dyd benefite, and pleasure theyr countrey with begettinge children.

1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule i. xix. 37 The Assyrians and Babilonians boughte their wiues.., but after vsed mariages, regarding therewith their Prolataries, as the Spartanes didde them that begatte their men children.

1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) Democritus to Rdr. 32 Of 15000 proletaries slaine in a battell, scarce fifteene are recorded in History.

1710 G. King Observ. Schemes of Number & Value Spiritual Livings 15 Nov. in Hist. Jrnl. (1996) 39 247 The Clergy as well as the poor are our Proletarys, for furnishing us with people.

1840 O. A. Brownson in Boston Q. Rev. July 373 Our business is to emancipate the proletaries, as the past has emancipated the slaves.

1845 Harbinger 21 June 21 In Germany the separation between the wage-classes or proletaries, and the employers, is not so profound as in France and England.

1865 G. A. Sala My Diary in Amer. II. 102 The proletaries—this word, in a military sense, is not mine, but Burton's, of the ‘Anatomy’—whom Columbia has summoned or forced beneath her star-spangled standard.

1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such ix. 171 The bitterness which capitalists and employers often feel to be a reasonable mood towards obstructive proletaries.

1894 Athenæum 22 Sept. 381/3 [Her Socialist husband] introduces fierce proletaries into her drawing-room.

1916 Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily Star 29 Jan. 6/2 He has been the ready gladiator for the proletaries in American life.

1956 O. Scherer-Virski tr. M. Kridl Surv. Polish Lit. & Culture viii. 300 Irydion's aim is..to win to his side those who for some reason must also hate Rome: the disinherited proletaries, the barbarians, and the Christians.

1998 Re: Sept. Jrnl. Marxism List in alt.politics.socialism.trotsky (Usenet newsgroup) 15 Nov. There is still a great gap to be spanned between the large concentrations of urban proletaries and ‘rural’ dispossessed in Brazil.

B. adj.

= proletarian adj. (in various senses).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective] > of ancient Rome

proletary1609

proletarian1652

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective]

draffsacked1548

sordid1596

dunghilly1616

proletarious1654

proletaneous1656

proletical1659

raff1761

raffish1795

proletarian1848

riff-raffy1850

proletary1854

low-down1865

underworld1929

lumpenproletarian1936

prole1938

nitty-gritty1948

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [adjective] > working-class

laborious1534

mechanicc1550

mechanical1584

aproned1628

working class1833

proletarian1848

lower working class1878

proletary1884

cloth-capped1935

prole1938

cloth cap1959

Coronation Street1962

proly1971

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 138 He should gaine a number of proletairie subjects [L. proletarios plures] to multiplie and beget issue.

1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 228 The sixth [class] being Proletary that is..such as through their Poverty contributed nothing to the Commonwealth but Children.

1848 Times 7 Sept. 4/2 In his eyes they were but an aristocratic cabal leagued to oppress his proletary clients.

1854 Prospective Rev. Nov. 445 The increase of a proletary class.

1884 J. R. Lowell Democracy (1887) 7 The change from an agricultural to a proletary population.

1907 J. Davidson Triumph Mammon v. i. 113 The poison-fangs of bloated capital, That python gorged with proletary prey.

1961 World Politics 14 172 A deviant community seeking independence, autonomy, or revolution within a polity may be called, from the perspective of the macro-polity, a proletary community.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	proletary
释义	proletaryn.adj. Brit. /ˈprəʊlᵻt(ə)ri/, /ˈprɒlᵻt(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈproʊləˌtɛri/ Forms: 1500s prolatary, 1500s– proletary, 1600s proletairie. Origin: A borrowing from Latin; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: Latin prōlētārius. Etymology: < classical Latin prōlētārius (adjective) belonging to the lowest class of citizens (originally with reference to the constitution of Servius Tullus, 6th cent. b.c.), common, vulgar, (as noun) Roman citizen of the lowest class, person who served the state not with his property but only with his offspring, probably < prōlēs proles n. + -ārius -ary suffix¹, with inserted -t- (probably on the model of adjectives in -tārius , as elementārius elementary adj., voluntārius voluntary adj.). In later use chiefly after French prolétaire (c1375 in Middle French as prolectaire (noun) with reference to ancient Rome; 1789 (adjective) and 1792 (noun) with reference to contemporary society; compare proletaire n.). Compare Catalan proletari (1839 with reference to contemporary society), Spanish proletario (first half of the 19th cent. with reference to contemporary society), Italian proletario, noun (14th cent. with reference to ancient Rome, 1751–60 with reference to contemporary society), and also German Proletarier (1842 in Engels, or earlier, with reference to contemporary society).Compare earlier unassimilated borrowing of Latin prōlētārius (noun) into Old English (one isolated attestation):eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. i. 83 Æfter þæm foran Romane on Tarentine, & swa clæne hie namon heora fultum mid him, þætte heora proletarii ne moston him beæftan beon—þæt wæron þa þe hie gesett hæfdon þæt sceoldon be heora wifum bearna strienan þonne hie on gewin foron. Now rare. A. n. = proletarian n. (in various senses).In early use also (occasionally): a person whose chief or only responsibility is to produce offspring. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class ribalda1250 kitchen knave1440 scullion1483 scudler1488 canel raker?1518 channel raker1575 proletary1576 muckworm1649 proletariana1657 infimate1733 proletaire1796 coolie1803 gutterling1846 mudsill1858 prole1887 gutter-sparrow1890 gutter-bird1896 underworldling1928 delta1932 lumpenproletarian1936 proly1959 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > working class > one of working manOE mechanical1600 mechanic1607 workman1704 proletarian1841 proletary1879 prole1887 slob1910 1576 T. Rogers Philos. Disc. Anat. Minde ii. ii. f. 70 The Romanes had a company of men called Proletaries, vppon whome was neuer any task or fyne set, but they dyd benefite, and pleasure theyr countrey with begettinge children. 1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule i. xix. 37 The Assyrians and Babilonians boughte their wiues.., but after vsed mariages, regarding therewith their Prolataries, as the Spartanes didde them that begatte their men children. 1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) Democritus to Rdr. 32 Of 15000 proletaries slaine in a battell, scarce fifteene are recorded in History. 1710 G. King Observ. Schemes of Number & Value Spiritual Livings 15 Nov. in Hist. Jrnl. (1996) 39 247 The Clergy as well as the poor are our Proletarys, for furnishing us with people. 1840 O. A. Brownson in Boston Q. Rev. July 373 Our business is to emancipate the proletaries, as the past has emancipated the slaves. 1845 Harbinger 21 June 21 In Germany the separation between the wage-classes or proletaries, and the employers, is not so profound as in France and England. 1865 G. A. Sala My Diary in Amer. II. 102 The proletaries—this word, in a military sense, is not mine, but Burton's, of the ‘Anatomy’—whom Columbia has summoned or forced beneath her star-spangled standard. 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such ix. 171 The bitterness which capitalists and employers often feel to be a reasonable mood towards obstructive proletaries. 1894 Athenæum 22 Sept. 381/3 [Her Socialist husband] introduces fierce proletaries into her drawing-room. 1916 Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily Star 29 Jan. 6/2 He has been the ready gladiator for the proletaries in American life. 1956 O. Scherer-Virski tr. M. Kridl Surv. Polish Lit. & Culture viii. 300 Irydion's aim is..to win to his side those who for some reason must also hate Rome: the disinherited proletaries, the barbarians, and the Christians. 1998 Re: Sept. Jrnl. Marxism List in alt.politics.socialism.trotsky (Usenet newsgroup) 15 Nov. There is still a great gap to be spanned between the large concentrations of urban proletaries and ‘rural’ dispossessed in Brazil. B. adj. = proletarian adj. (in various senses). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective] > of ancient Rome proletary1609 proletarian1652 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective] draffsacked1548 sordid1596 dunghilly1616 proletarious1654 proletaneous1656 proletical1659 raff1761 raffish1795 proletarian1848 riff-raffy1850 proletary1854 low-down1865 underworld1929 lumpenproletarian1936 prole1938 nitty-gritty1948 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [adjective] > working-class laborious1534 mechanicc1550 mechanical1584 aproned1628 working class1833 proletarian1848 lower working class1878 proletary1884 cloth-capped1935 prole1938 cloth cap1959 Coronation Street1962 proly1971 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 138 He should gaine a number of proletairie subjects [L. proletarios plures] to multiplie and beget issue. 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 228 The sixth [class] being Proletary that is..such as through their Poverty contributed nothing to the Commonwealth but Children. 1848 Times 7 Sept. 4/2 In his eyes they were but an aristocratic cabal leagued to oppress his proletary clients. 1854 Prospective Rev. Nov. 445 The increase of a proletary class. 1884 J. R. Lowell Democracy (1887) 7 The change from an agricultural to a proletary population. 1907 J. Davidson Triumph Mammon v. i. 113 The poison-fangs of bloated capital, That python gorged with proletary prey. 1961 World Politics 14 172 A deviant community seeking independence, autonomy, or revolution within a polity may be called, from the perspective of the macro-polity, a proletary community. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1576
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