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单词 prolation
释义

prolationn.

Brit. /prə(ʊ)ˈleɪʃn/, U.S. /proʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
Forms: Middle English prolacioun, Middle English–1500s prolacion, 1500s– prolation; Scottish pre-1700 prolacioune, pre-1700 prolatioun, pre-1700 1700s– prolation.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prolation; Latin prōlātiōn-, prōlātiō.
Etymology: < Middle French prolacion, Middle French, French prolation utterance, action of uttering or declaring (c1400), delay (1406, in apparently isolated use), emission of the divine Word (1688 in the passage translated in quot. 1692 at sense 1b) and its etymon classical Latin prōlātiōn-, prōlātiō fact or action of putting forward examples in support of a case, enlargement, extension, postponement, delay, in post-classical Latin also utterance, pronunciation (Vetus Latina), the sending forth or emission of the divine word (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), production, creation (4th cent.), (in medieval music) relative duration or time value of a minim to a semibreve (1351 in a British source in prolatio major greater prolation, prolatio minor lesser prolation) < prōlāt- , past participial stem of prōferre to bring forth, to produce, to utter, pronounce, to prolong, extend (see prolate v.) + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Catalan prolació action of prolonging (1344), Spanish prolación (mid 15th cent. with reference to music), Italian prolazione (a1375 with reference to music). With sense 5 compare prolatation n.
1.
a. The action of uttering a word or sound; utterance, articulation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun]
speechc725
spellc888
tonguec897
spellingc1000
wordOE
mathelingOE
redec1275
sermonc1275
leeda1300
gale13..
speakc1300
speaking1303
ledenc1320
talea1325
parliamentc1325
winda1330
sermoningc1330
saying1340
melinga1375
talkingc1386
wordc1390
prolationa1393
carpinga1400
eloquencec1400
utteringc1400
language?c1450
reporturec1475
parleyc1490
locutionc1500
talk1539
discourse1545
report1548
tonguec1550
deliverance1553
oration1555
delivery1577
parling1582
parle1584
conveying1586
passage1598
perlocution1599
wording1604
bursta1616
ventilation1615
loquency1623
voicinga1626
verbocination1653
loquence1677
pronunciation1686
loquel1694
jawinga1731
talkee-talkee?1740
vocification1743
talkation1781
voicing1822
utterancy1827
voicing1831
the spoken word1832
outness1851
verbalization1851
voice1855
outgiving1865
stringing1886
praxis1950
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 2875 Thurghout the Trompe into his Ere, Fro hevene as thogh a vois it were, To soune of such prolacioun.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 26 (MED) Þei helpen to þe prolacioun of þe spicis or formes of þe voicis.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 23/2 At the prolacion and repeticion of this cantycle, that tribulacion ceassed.
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome f. 235v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Prolatio(u)n That the sempil pepile..wndirstand..the prolacioune and formacioune of the wourdis sacramentale.
a1556 T. Cranmer Aunswere vnto Craftie & Sophisticall Cauillation (1580) 256 Knowing by fayth the truth of Christes wordes..doth not measure gods secret working after the prolation of our sillables.
1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 317 One [accent] seruing for the accenting and prolation of the word.
a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. iv, in Wks. (1640) III S..softly hisseth against the teeth in the prolation.
1660 J. Lloyd Treat. Episcopacy 66 The prolation of the words of benediction.
a1734 R. North Lives of Norths (1890) III. 74 The greatest elegance of the finest voices is the prolation of a clear plain sound.
1798 J. Gilchrist Oriental Linguist sig. b The consonants generally adopted..by the Hindoostanees, exclusive of mere aspirates, and some of difficult prolation, may be practically reduced to twenty two.
1899 M. Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dict. (new ed.) 715 Plāvana..prolation (of a vowel)..pluti..prolation (of a vowel).
1998 P. Olivelle Upaniṣads 336 This Sāman and its four subsequent variations are sung with the prolation of certain vowels.
b. Theology. The sending out or emission of the divine Word or Logos.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > person of > origin of one from another
processiona1398
generation1659
prolation1692
probole1696
1692 W. Wotton tr. L. E. Du Pin New Hist. Eccl. Writers I. 200/2 They [sc. the first ages] take the word Generation in another sence than we do, giving this Name to a certain Prolation [Fr. prolation], or Emission of the Word, which they imagine was done, when God resolved to create the World.
1701 tr. J. Le Clerc Lives Primitive Fathers 97 One might have demanded of Tertullian, whether by this Prolation he speaks of, the Reason has existed as Light from a Torch, lighted by another Torch, exists as soon as it is lighted?
1721 D. Finch Answer to Whiston 42 We have learned, that he [sc. Christ] proceeded out of God, and by that Prolation was begotten, and therefore was said to be the Son of God.
1741 W. Wilkes Let. Genteel & Moral Advice 40 The Son proceeds by prolation from the Father, and the Holy Ghost proceeds by prolation from the Son.
1896 G. P. Fisher Hist. Christian Doctr. 91 The Son is from the essence of the Father, proceeding from him, not by emanation, as the Gnostics taught, yet by a self-projection or ‘prolation’.
1955 Harvard Theol. Rev. 48 53 The purpose of his [sc. Irenaeus's] argument is to demonstrate that there are some things above human knowledge, [and] that the ‘prolation’ of the Son from the Father is one of these.
1988 R. M. Grant Greek Apologists of 2nd Cent. 170 His [sc. Theophilus's] regrettable language about the prolation of the Logos seems to come from the story of Metis, whom some Stoics also identified as Forethought.
2.
a. Early Music. The relation between the time values of a semibreve and a minim, determining the rhythm of a piece of music. Cf. measure n. 17a.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > types of proportion
prolationa1393
imperfection1561
time?1596
induction1597
retort1597
divisive1952
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 173 (MED) The science of Musique..techeth..A man to make melodie..Thurgh notes of acordement..Nou hihe notes and nou lowe, As be the gamme a man mai knowe, Which techeth the prolacion Of note.
a1523 W. Cornishe Treat. Trouth & Information in J. Skelton Wks. (1568) sig. Zviv His alteracions & prolacions must be pricked treuly.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 12 What is Prolation?.. It is the measuring of Semi-briefes by Minoms, and is either more or lesse. The more prolation is, when the Semibrief contayneth three Minoms, his Signes be these ☉ ?. The lesse prolation is when the Semibriefe contayneth but two Minoms: The Signe..is the absence of the pricke thus ○ ?.
1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 43 Wherefore Prolation is the essentiall quantitie of Semibreefes: or it is the setting of two or three Minims.
1718 R. Bennet Psalm-singer's Necessary Compan. vi. 25 Besides the right Tuning, or sounding of Notes as to their distance; we must duly observe their Quantity, as to their Time of Prolation.
1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 540 The time of the musical characters, from the want of Bars, and the use of ligatures and prolation..is sometimes difficult to ascertain.
1882 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music III. 459 The Thesis and Arsis of the Lesser Prolation, they say, represent the beats of the human pulse.
1935 T. M. Finney Hist. of Music xii. 155 The ‘prick of perfection’ or dot, was understood as being in reality a very small circle, the old sign of perfection in time and prolation.
1969 Computers & Humanities 4 45 Josquin works in minor prolation—that is, works in which the signature indicates that a semibreve is equal to two minims, often have a 3 as a medial signature for a few measures.
2000 Early Music Hist. 19 62 They are in contrasting mensurations—exploring the major and minor prolation of imperfect time respectively.
b. More generally: a measure, a strain of melody, a tune. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > melody or succession of sounds > [noun] > a melody
notec1300
warblec1374
moteta1382
tunea1387
measurea1393
modulationa1398
prolation?a1425
gammec1425
proportion?a1505
laya1529
stroke1540
diapason?1553
strain1579
cantus1590
stripe1590
diapase1591
air1597
pawson1606
spirit1608
melody1609
aria1742
refrain1795
toon1901
sounds1955
klangfarbenmelodie1959
?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. i. 50 Musice, a damoysele of our hous, that syngeth now lightere moedes or prolacions [v.r. prolaciouns; L. modos], now hevyere.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 29 Singand melodius reportis of natural music in accordis of mesure of diapason prolations tripla ande dyatesseron.
3. Generation (of something); production, emission. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production
generationa1382
engenderinga1400
outbearinga1425
productionc1450
produce1562
prolation1577
procreation1578
generating1579
edition1605
producement1613
elaboration1617
flowering1634
pullulation1641
factory1664
development1794
output1841
output1887
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [noun] > ejection
casting1340
out-throw1532
prolation1577
ejecting1602
ejection1604
ejaculation1625
evomition1653
1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. F.iv That it mighte helpe the prolation of vomites.
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. iii. 6 Prolation and seedage of roots and herbs.
a1719 F. Lee Απολειπομενα (1752) I. 55 The Generation or Prolation of Light without the Sun, out of certain invisible Treasures.
1786 J. Priestley Hist. Early Opinions Jesus Christ II. ii. 100 (heading) The Generation of the Son from the Father illustrated by the prolation of a branch of a tree from the root.
4. Advancement, progress, growth. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [noun] > state of advancement towards completion
towardness1475
forwardness1523
advancement1540
onwardness1548
towardliness1553
prolation1610
forwardliness1647
mid-career1720
advolution1883
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xix. v. 761 How should our Celestiall City..haue euer come to originall, to prolation [L. uel progrederetur excursu] or to perfection, but that the Saints liue all in sociable vnion?
5. Deferral, delay. Cf. prolatation n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun]
longingeOE
bideOE
abodec1225
bodea1300
demura1300
dwella1300
litinga1300
delayc1300
delayingc1300
demurrancec1300
but honec1325
without ensoignec1325
abidec1330
dretchingc1330
dwellingc1330
essoinc1330
tarrying1340
litea1350
delaymenta1393
respitea1393
oversettinga1398
delayancea1400
delitea1400
lingeringa1400
stounding?a1400
sunyiea1400
targea1400
train?a1400
deferring14..
dilation14..
dayc1405
prolongingc1425
spacec1430
adjourningc1436
retardationc1437
prolongation?a1439
training1440
adjournment1445
sleuthingc1450
tarry1451
tarriance1460
prorogation1476
oversetc1485
tarriage1488
debaid1489
supersedement1492
superseding1494
off-putting1496
postponing1496
tract1503
dilating1509
sparinga1513
hafting1519
sufferance1523
tracking1524
sticking1525
stay1530
pause1532
protraction1535
tracting1535
protract of time1536
protracting1540
postposition1546
staying1546
procrastination1548
difference1559
surceasing1560
tardation1568
detract1570
detracting1572
tarryment1575
rejourning1578
detraction1579
longness1579
rejournment1579
holding1581
reprieving1583
cunctation1585
retarding1585
retardance1586
temporizing1587
by and by1591
suspensea1592
procrastinatinga1594
tardance1595
linger1597
forslacking1600
morrowing1602
recess1603
deferment1612
attendance1614
put-off1623
adjournal1627
fristing1637
hanging-up1638
retardment1640
dilatoriness1642
suspension1645
stickagea1647
tardidation1647
transtemporation1651
demurragea1656
prolatation1656
prolation1656
moration1658
perendination1658
offput1730
retardure1751
postponement1757
retard1781
traverse1799
tarrowing1832
mañana1845
temporization1888
procrastinativeness1893
deferral1895
traa dy liooar1897
stalling1927
heel-tapping1949
off-put1970
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Prolation (prolatio),..a delaying.
1685 in R. H. Story Life Carstares (1874) vi. 103 The deposition was..used as an ‘adminicle of prolation’ in the Trial.
1725 T. Lewis Origines Hebrææ III. vi. iii. 133 This prolation of their Pomæria depended not upon the Pleasure of their Great Council, but of the Roman people.
1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ I Prolation, or prolonging, Prolatio.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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