protectorn.

Brit.

/prəˈtɛktə/, U.S.

/prəˈtɛktər/

Forms: Middle English proptectour (transmission error), Middle English protectur, Middle English 1600s protecter, Middle English 1600s protecture, Middle English–1500s protectoure, Middle English–1600s protectour, Middle English– protector, 1600s protetter; Scottish pre-1700 protaktwr, pre-1700 protectour, pre-1700 protektur, pre-1700 1700s– protector.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French protecteur; Latin protector.

Etymology: < Middle French, French protecteur person who protects (1234 in Old French), person who advances the career or interests of another (1678), man who keeps a mistress (1832) and its etymon post-classical Latin protector person (or god) who protects (Vetus Latina, Vulgate, late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), member of the imperial guard (3rd cent.), regent (from c1422 in British sources) < classical Latin prōtect- , past participial stem of prōtegere protect v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Spanish protector (a1384), Italian protettore (a1342 as noun). In sense 1d perhaps after Urdu ġarīb-parwar (the more secular term, now obsolete) or ġarīb-nawāz (now used to address Sufi saints). With the form protecter compare -er suffix¹. This spelling is also attested sparingly in modern use, perhaps simply as an error for the present word.

a. A person who protects someone or something from danger, injury, etc.; a defender; a guardian, a patron.In quot. a1450 used figuratively of the sign of the cross; cf. sense 4. In quot. 1886 rendering post-classical Latin tutor (tutor n. 4a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > protector or defender

shield971

warranta1225

warden?c1225

forhillera1300

inshieldera1300

shieldera1300

weryera1325

hilera1340

witier1340

protectorc1390

guard1412

safeguardera1535

fencec1540

safekeeper1561

parens patriae1764

guardsmana1854

fortifier1878

minder1896

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron

fathereOE

mundOE

governor1340

protectorc1390

feedera1400

patronc1400

taker-upa1425

fautora1464

provisora1475

vower1488

presidenta1522

parent1526

guardiant1618

big brother1837

avoué1851

fanger-

c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 74 (MED) Heil ȝate of lyf wiþ honour..Bringyng forþ þe protectour To helples.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 4769 (MED) With-Innen Ylyoun, Duringe þe pes..Lay worþi Hector, protectour of þe toun.

c1447 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) I. 259 (MED) We beseche..þat ȝe wold be god lord and gracius protectur to us, yowr bedmen of þe sayde Universite of Oxon.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxvii. 105 (MED) He..Made the signe of the Crois..That it scholde ben his protectour In alle degrees aȝens the fals deceyvour.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iii. xiii The wulues kyld the dogges whiche were capytayns and protectours of the sheep.

a1500 Craft of Dying (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 419 (MED) Seynt Michael..O þou most worþi gyaunte & protectour..be nyȝt to oure broþer..laborynge now sore in his..ende.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xliii. i Judg me, And protector bee Of my cause.

1612 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote: Pt. 1 iv. xxv. 586 The protector of Damzels, the affrighter of Giants.

1675 T. Otway Alcibiades 39 Welcome my lifes Protectour and only Freind.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) iii. iii By my kind Protector kept, Safe I laid me down and slept.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ix. 141 It has reserved that son to be the father and protector of my children when I shall be away.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. xlvi. 61 He had indeed been a useful ally: but he was something more; he was a powerful protector.

1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. Introd. 90 The earliest statutable recognition of stranger-students at Oxford is at Magdalen College (1479)... Waynflete's statute is copied at Corpus Christi College (1517) where the number of such students is limited to four, or six at the outside, and a person is named who is to be responsible for them, termed protector (tutor) [cf. Statutes of C.C.C. 1517, c. 34, quamdiu sint sub tutoribus et honeste se gerant].

1901 Daily Chron. 23 Nov. 6/5 It will give him [sc. the King] great satisfaction to assume and bear the honorary title of Protector of the University of Wales.

1948 Amer. Anthropologist 50 211 He remained the conservator and protector of life in all its forms, and the propitiator of animal guardians.

1987 T. Wolfe Bonfire of Vanities (1988) iii. 51 He..led her across the street. He was her protector.

1998 H. Strachan Way Up Way Out i. 7 As an ardent lover and protector of animals Julius was an honorary member of the SPCA.

b. Usually with capital initial. (The title of) a person appointed to look after the interests of indigenous people, esp. in Australia and New Zealand (more fully Protector of (the) Aborigines). Cf. sub-protector n. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1757 W. Burke Acct. European Settlem. Amer. I. i. xv. 127 Almagro they agreed should be adelantado, or king's lieutenant; and Lucques, who was a priest, was to be first bishop and protector of the Indians.

1835 Colonist (Sydney) 25 June 201/3 It is the intention..to recommend the appointment of a Protector of the Aborigines of this territory.

1839 Tasmanian 26 Apr. 132/3 On Thursday last, the chief Protector, aided by the four assistant Protectors, gave a feast.

1843 E. Dieffenbach Trav. N.Z. I. 398 One [former slave]..went with us chiefly for the purpose of applying to the Protector of the Aborigines appointed by the Government.

1914 R. E. Twitchell Spanish Arch. New Mexico I. 440 According to the statements of the protector, the Indians of Santa Ana,..requested permission to come down to the edge of the Rio del Norte.

1964 D. Lockwood Up Track 146 I objected, because I thought that if a man was drawing a salary as a protector he should not be doing this sort of thing.

2000 A. Moreton-Robinson Talkin' up to White Woman (2006) i. 26 In New South Wales Della Walker's father and mother keep the Protector of Aborigines at bay until they are forced to move onto the Tabulum Indigenous mission.

c. Roman History. In the later Roman Empire: a member of a particular corps of staff officers, nominally functioning as an imperial bodyguard.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [noun] > specific

Yeoman of the Guard1485

solak1520

janissary1529

Mameluke1531

praetorian1592

trabant1617

beefeater1671

bostangi1686

mousquetaire1706

drabant1707

protector1781

Varangian1788

Papal Zouave1864

greenfinch1865

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 57 From the seven schools two companies of horse and foot were selected, of the protectors, whose advantageous station was the hope and reward of the most deserving soldiers.

1911 J. B. Bury Imperial Admin. Syst. 9th Cent. 55 In the latter half of the sixth century Menander, the historian, was a protector... By the eighth century these guards and their counts have disappeared.

1982 P. A. Holder Roman Army in Britain vii. 142 By the beginning of the fifth century service as a protector was no longer officer training but a career in its own right.

1999 F. Trombley in J. W. Drijvers & D. Hunt Late Rom. World & its Historian ii. 17 What effect did his [sc. Ammianus Marcellinus'] career as a protector between 354 and 363..have on his approach to interpreting historical phenomena?

d. Anglo-Indian. Protector of the Poor: used as a respectful form of address used by Indian servants to their British masters. Now disused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > for a man > by Indians for white person

sahib1696

Protector of the Poor1839

1786 App. India Courier Extraordinary II. 330 You are the protector of the poor—whatever may be your determination in behalf of the widows, be pleased to declare it.]

1839 P. M. Taylor Confessions of Thug III. ii. 32 The first item, Protector of the Poor!..is a sum of fifty thousand rupees for yourself!

1890 R. Kipling in Macmillan's Mag. June 149/2 The news does not come from my mouth, Protector of the Poor.

1894 R. Kipling Jungle Bk. 165 ‘Was it to help thee steal green corn?’..‘Not green corn, Protector of the Poor—melons,’ said Little Toomai.

1910 Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 167 They sent him to Lord Caerlaverock, for the ex-viceroy loved to be treated as a kind of consul-general for India. But this Protector of the Poor proved a broken reed.

1952 J. Masters Deceivers ix. 99 Protector of the Poor, at first cockcrow the villain called for a lotah for purposes of nature.

(a) A man who keeps a mistress. Cf. protection n. 1b. Now rare.Perhaps simply a contextual use of sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > illicit intimacy > keeping mistress or lover > one who keeps a mistress

maintainera1450

keeper1676

concubinator1882

protector1905

1905 A. Bennett Sacred & Profane Love ii. vi. 191 I was at last a man's woman. I had a protector.

(b) A man who looks after a female prostitute in return for a share or all of her earnings; a pimp.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > living on earnings of prostitute > man who > protector of prostitute or courtesan

ruffian1563

hackster1607

ruffiano1611

bully1675

cosh-carrier1893

protector1938

1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad x. 116 Prostitutes and their protectors were roped into the stations by the dozen.

1954 Britannica Bk. of Year 637/2 A group of criminals making a living from organized prostitution was referred to as a Vice-Ring, the leader of such a group being a Vice-Chief..or—with reference to the prostitutes controlled by him—a Protector.

1961 Evening Post (Nottingham) 21 July 12 Jeanne Moreau is a street girl forever searching for real love... When her protector is betrayed to the police she gets entangled with other shadowy creatures of the underworld.

2000 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 31 July 9 An estimated 65% of Italy's 25,000 prostitutes are believed to be foreigners... Three to five thousand of these girls are virtually slaves, forced to turn their earnings over to their protectors.

f. A person who provides or claims to provide protection from attack, injury, damage to one's property, etc., in return for the payment of money; a person who collects protection money. Cf. protection n. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > protection money > one who collects

protector1933

1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. 153 Even if his particular ‘protectors’ left him in peace, there might still be other gangs about for whom they disavowed responsibility and with whom he had to make a separate deal.

1977 J. Wainwright Nest of Rats iii. 15 I was wise enough to choose my own ‘protector’.

2. English History.

a. Also with capital initial. A person having charge of the kingdom during the minority, absence, or incapacity of the sovereign; a regent.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > regent > [noun]

wardena1400

regentc1425

defensor1426

protector1426

interking1533

interrex1579

interregent1600

regency1643

1426 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 215 (MED) If þei be suche þinges þat þe King hath be accustumed to be conseilled of, þat þan þe said lordes procede not þerinne without þadvis of þe protectour and defensour.

c1450 (c1430) Brut (Galba) (1908) 431 The Duke of Gloucestre, to ben Proptectour [read Protectour] and deffendour of the Rewme.

a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 111 By the duk of Gloucestre, Erl of Haynnau, & protectour & defensour of England, [etc.].

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclxxviij An honorable style [was] geuen him, that he should be called the Protectour of the kyng & his Realme.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. ii. 56 My Lord Protector, 'tis his Highnes pleasure, You do prepare to ride vnto S. Albons.

a1658 J. Cleveland Definition of Protector in Wks. (1687) 343 What's a Protector? He's a stately Thing, That Apes it in the Non-age of a King.

1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 15 John Duke of Bedford, Regent of France, and Protector of England.

1739 J. Oldmixon Hist. Eng.: Edward VI 156 On the 17th of February [1547] the Lord Protector was created Duke of Somerset.

a1771 T. Gray Poems Lydgate in Wks. (1814) II. 55 His great patron the protector, Humphry duke of Gloucester.

1831 Times 26 Mar. 5/2 In the infancy of Edward VI., when so many of these excrescences on the Constitution were generated in order to serve the purposes of the Protector Somerset.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. iii. 623 The appointment of a protector, guardian, or regent, when the heir-apparent of the Crown has been very young.

1945 M. Waldman Eliz. & Leicester vii. 105 Elizabeth fell ill of smallpox and extracted (so it was reported) a promise from her ministers to make him Protector of the Realm in the event of her death.

1961 E. F. Jacob Fifteenth Cent., 1399–1485 509 On 27 March 1454 the spiritual and temporal lords nominated York protector and defender, after a vain attempt had been made..to ascertain whether the king was still non compos mentis.

1998 S. Delany Impolitic Bodies 22 Richard was named protector of England during Henry's fits of temporary insanity.

b. Usually with capital initial. In full Lord Protector (of the Commonwealth). The title borne in 1653–8 by Oliver Cromwell, and in 1658–9 by his son Richard, as the head of the executive council of state.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > protector during Commonwealth of 1653-9

Lord Protector (of the Commonwealth)1653

1653 in Acts & Ordin. Parl. (1658) 275 From and after the six and twentieth day of December 1653 the Name, Style, Title and Teste of the Lord Protector..of the Commonwealth, of England, Scotland, and Ireland..shall be used.

1654 Weekly Intelligencer 14–21 Mar. 179 The Privy Lodgings for his Highness the Lord Protector in Whitehall are now in readiness, as also the Lodgings for his Lady Protectoress.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1658 (1955) III. 224 Saw the superb Funerall of the Protectors.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiv. 379 The Declaration of the Council of Officers was read, whereby Cromwell was made Protector.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 322 Cromwell was declared protector; and with great solemnity installed in that high office.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. x. 100 Cromwell's assumption, therefore, of the title of Protector was a necessary and wholesome usurpation.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. i. 135 The kingly prerogatives were intrusted to a lord high protector..called not His Majesty but His Highness.

1904 F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (ed. 2) II. 11 Sir Ralph was suddenly arrested,..by the Lord Protector's soldiers, as a suspected Royalist.

1962 E. Bruton Dict. Clocks & Watches (1963) 125 Oliver Cromwell's Watch. A plain Puritan watch on a fob chain which belonged to the Protector.

2003 A. Lacey Cult of King Charles the Martyr v. 165 The Countess [of Devonshire], although on good terms with the Lord Protector, considered herself a Royalist.

3. Law. Chiefly in full as protector of the settlement. The first person entitled, under a strict settlement of land, to a life interest preceding the entailed interest or (if there is no prior life interest) the settlor. In England and Wales it has not been possible to make such strict settlements following the passing of the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act (1996).

ΚΠ

1833 Act 3 & 4 William IV c. 74 §22 The Person who shall be the Owner of the prior Estate, or the first of such prior Estates if more than One,..shall be the Protector of the Settlement so far as regards the Lands in which such prior Estate shall be subsisting.

1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Oct. 1 The renewed collision which is certain to take place between the Liberal and Conservative parties, now that ‘the protector of the settlement’, as the lawyers say, is gone, will pretty certainly produce the desire for Reform, if it does not now exist.

1906 Times 6 Apr. 6/1 Lord Davey..set at rest a doubt whether a married woman could alone be protector of a settlement in respect of a life estate which was her separate property.

1977 J. Burke Jowitt's Dict. Eng. Law (ed. 2) I. 625/1 If there is a protector under the instrument creating the entail, no disposition made without his consent by the tenant in tail bars the persons entitled in remainder or reversion expectant on the determination of the entailed interest.

4. Something which affords or confers protection; a shield, a guard; a device or contrivance serving to prevent injury or damage to or from something. Frequently as the second element in compounds, as eye-protector, pocket protector, etc.; for established compounds see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence > device or contrivance to protect a thing or person

guard1678

fender1739

safeguard1780

velum1781

protector1839

firewall1907

baffle1913

1839 H. M. Noad Course Eight Lect. iii. 102 When the metallic protector was from ¹/ ₄₀th to ¹/ ₁₅₀th, there was no corrosion or decay of the copper.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. viii. 265 Such a mass is..a protector of the ice beneath it.

1863 J. Watson Theory & Pract. Weaving 160 The selvage protector..to prevent the warp yarn from being broken by the weft shot drawing it too tightly.

1867 G. H. Selkirk Guide to Cricket Ground ii. 33 Pads, leg guards and protectors for the abdomen.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 1 Dec. 8/3 The second item was a head protector.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 4 Jan. 5/2 The boots had been mended with English protectors.

1922 Lillywhites' Sports Requisites 7 Wicket-keeping Sundries. Palmer's Abdominal Protectors.

1934 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 74 236/2 Protectors are connected to every open-wire Post Office line.

1996 C. Bateman Of Wee Sweetie Mice & Men vii. 56 McMaster stood up and opened a locker. He lifted out a groin protector.

Derivatives

† protectordom n. Obsolete (a state under) the rule of a Protector (in quots. with reference to the Commonwealth under Oliver and Thomas Cromwell).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > state under other specific ruler

protectordom1659

superiority1721

1659 ‘T. Young’ Let. 13 May in E. Nicholas Papers (1920) IV. 139 Salaway made a lardge harange against S^t. Johns, att present an enemy to y^e Republic and a builder of Protectordome..and vnfitt for public trust.

1660 T. Fuller Mixt Contempl. ii. xiii. 21 We have been in twelve years a Kingdom, Commonwealth, Protectordome, afterwards under an Army, Parliament &c.

1839 A. Brunet Regal Armorie Great Brit. Index 329 Scotland conquered by Cromwell and annexed to the Protectordom of England.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protector
释义	protectorn. Brit. /prəˈtɛktə/, U.S. /prəˈtɛktər/ Forms: Middle English proptectour (transmission error), Middle English protectur, Middle English 1600s protecter, Middle English 1600s protecture, Middle English–1500s protectoure, Middle English–1600s protectour, Middle English– protector, 1600s protetter; Scottish pre-1700 protaktwr, pre-1700 protectour, pre-1700 protektur, pre-1700 1700s– protector. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French protecteur; Latin protector. Etymology: < Middle French, French protecteur person who protects (1234 in Old French), person who advances the career or interests of another (1678), man who keeps a mistress (1832) and its etymon post-classical Latin protector person (or god) who protects (Vetus Latina, Vulgate, late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), member of the imperial guard (3rd cent.), regent (from c1422 in British sources) < classical Latin prōtect- , past participial stem of prōtegere protect v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Spanish protector (a1384), Italian protettore (a1342 as noun). In sense 1d perhaps after Urdu ġarīb-parwar (the more secular term, now obsolete) or ġarīb-nawāz (now used to address Sufi saints). With the form protecter compare -er suffix¹. This spelling is also attested sparingly in modern use, perhaps simply as an error for the present word. 1. a. A person who protects someone or something from danger, injury, etc.; a defender; a guardian, a patron.In quot. a1450 used figuratively of the sign of the cross; cf. sense 4. In quot. 1886 rendering post-classical Latin tutor (tutor n. 4a). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > protector or defender shield971 warranta1225 warden?c1225 forhillera1300 inshieldera1300 shieldera1300 weryera1325 hilera1340 witier1340 protectorc1390 guard1412 safeguardera1535 fencec1540 safekeeper1561 parens patriae1764 guardsmana1854 fortifier1878 minder1896 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron fathereOE mundOE governor1340 protectorc1390 feedera1400 patronc1400 taker-upa1425 fautora1464 provisora1475 vower1488 presidenta1522 parent1526 guardiant1618 big brother1837 avoué1851 fanger- c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 74 (MED) Heil ȝate of lyf wiþ honour..Bringyng forþ þe protectour To helples. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 4769 (MED) With-Innen Ylyoun, Duringe þe pes..Lay worþi Hector, protectour of þe toun. c1447 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) I. 259 (MED) We beseche..þat ȝe wold be god lord and gracius protectur to us, yowr bedmen of þe sayde Universite of Oxon. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxvii. 105 (MED) He..Made the signe of the Crois..That it scholde ben his protectour In alle degrees aȝens the fals deceyvour. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iii. xiii The wulues kyld the dogges whiche were capytayns and protectours of the sheep. a1500 Craft of Dying (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 419 (MED) Seynt Michael..O þou most worþi gyaunte & protectour..be nyȝt to oure broþer..laborynge now sore in his..ende. a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xliii. i Judg me, And protector bee Of my cause. 1612 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote: Pt. 1 iv. xxv. 586 The protector of Damzels, the affrighter of Giants. 1675 T. Otway Alcibiades 39 Welcome my lifes Protectour and only Freind. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) iii. iii By my kind Protector kept, Safe I laid me down and slept. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ix. 141 It has reserved that son to be the father and protector of my children when I shall be away. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. xlvi. 61 He had indeed been a useful ally: but he was something more; he was a powerful protector. 1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. Introd. 90 The earliest statutable recognition of stranger-students at Oxford is at Magdalen College (1479)... Waynflete's statute is copied at Corpus Christi College (1517) where the number of such students is limited to four, or six at the outside, and a person is named who is to be responsible for them, termed protector (tutor) [cf. Statutes of C.C.C. 1517, c. 34, quamdiu sint sub tutoribus et honeste se gerant]. 1901 Daily Chron. 23 Nov. 6/5 It will give him [sc. the King] great satisfaction to assume and bear the honorary title of Protector of the University of Wales. 1948 Amer. Anthropologist 50 211 He remained the conservator and protector of life in all its forms, and the propitiator of animal guardians. 1987 T. Wolfe Bonfire of Vanities (1988) iii. 51 He..led her across the street. He was her protector. 1998 H. Strachan Way Up Way Out i. 7 As an ardent lover and protector of animals Julius was an honorary member of the SPCA. b. Usually with capital initial. (The title of) a person appointed to look after the interests of indigenous people, esp. in Australia and New Zealand (more fully Protector of (the) Aborigines). Cf. sub-protector n. Now historical. ΚΠ 1757 W. Burke Acct. European Settlem. Amer. I. i. xv. 127 Almagro they agreed should be adelantado, or king's lieutenant; and Lucques, who was a priest, was to be first bishop and protector of the Indians. 1835 Colonist (Sydney) 25 June 201/3 It is the intention..to recommend the appointment of a Protector of the Aborigines of this territory. 1839 Tasmanian 26 Apr. 132/3 On Thursday last, the chief Protector, aided by the four assistant Protectors, gave a feast. 1843 E. Dieffenbach Trav. N.Z. I. 398 One [former slave]..went with us chiefly for the purpose of applying to the Protector of the Aborigines appointed by the Government. 1914 R. E. Twitchell Spanish Arch. New Mexico I. 440 According to the statements of the protector, the Indians of Santa Ana,..requested permission to come down to the edge of the Rio del Norte. 1964 D. Lockwood Up Track 146 I objected, because I thought that if a man was drawing a salary as a protector he should not be doing this sort of thing. 2000 A. Moreton-Robinson Talkin' up to White Woman (2006) i. 26 In New South Wales Della Walker's father and mother keep the Protector of Aborigines at bay until they are forced to move onto the Tabulum Indigenous mission. c. Roman History. In the later Roman Empire: a member of a particular corps of staff officers, nominally functioning as an imperial bodyguard. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [noun] > specific Yeoman of the Guard1485 solak1520 janissary1529 Mameluke1531 praetorian1592 trabant1617 beefeater1671 bostangi1686 mousquetaire1706 drabant1707 protector1781 Varangian1788 Papal Zouave1864 greenfinch1865 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 57 From the seven schools two companies of horse and foot were selected, of the protectors, whose advantageous station was the hope and reward of the most deserving soldiers. 1911 J. B. Bury Imperial Admin. Syst. 9th Cent. 55 In the latter half of the sixth century Menander, the historian, was a protector... By the eighth century these guards and their counts have disappeared. 1982 P. A. Holder Roman Army in Britain vii. 142 By the beginning of the fifth century service as a protector was no longer officer training but a career in its own right. 1999 F. Trombley in J. W. Drijvers & D. Hunt Late Rom. World & its Historian ii. 17 What effect did his [sc. Ammianus Marcellinus'] career as a protector between 354 and 363..have on his approach to interpreting historical phenomena? d. Anglo-Indian. Protector of the Poor: used as a respectful form of address used by Indian servants to their British masters. Now disused. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > for a man > by Indians for white person sahib1696 Protector of the Poor1839 1786 App. India Courier Extraordinary II. 330 You are the protector of the poor—whatever may be your determination in behalf of the widows, be pleased to declare it.] 1839 P. M. Taylor Confessions of Thug III. ii. 32 The first item, Protector of the Poor!..is a sum of fifty thousand rupees for yourself! 1890 R. Kipling in Macmillan's Mag. June 149/2 The news does not come from my mouth, Protector of the Poor. 1894 R. Kipling Jungle Bk. 165 ‘Was it to help thee steal green corn?’..‘Not green corn, Protector of the Poor—melons,’ said Little Toomai. 1910 Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 167 They sent him to Lord Caerlaverock, for the ex-viceroy loved to be treated as a kind of consul-general for India. But this Protector of the Poor proved a broken reed. 1952 J. Masters Deceivers ix. 99 Protector of the Poor, at first cockcrow the villain called for a lotah for purposes of nature. e. (a) A man who keeps a mistress. Cf. protection n. 1b. Now rare.Perhaps simply a contextual use of sense 1a. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > illicit intimacy > keeping mistress or lover > one who keeps a mistress maintainera1450 keeper1676 concubinator1882 protector1905 1905 A. Bennett Sacred & Profane Love ii. vi. 191 I was at last a man's woman. I had a protector. (b) A man who looks after a female prostitute in return for a share or all of her earnings; a pimp. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > living on earnings of prostitute > man who > protector of prostitute or courtesan ruffian1563 hackster1607 ruffiano1611 bully1675 cosh-carrier1893 protector1938 1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad x. 116 Prostitutes and their protectors were roped into the stations by the dozen. 1954 Britannica Bk. of Year 637/2 A group of criminals making a living from organized prostitution was referred to as a Vice-Ring, the leader of such a group being a Vice-Chief..or—with reference to the prostitutes controlled by him—a Protector. 1961 Evening Post (Nottingham) 21 July 12 Jeanne Moreau is a street girl forever searching for real love... When her protector is betrayed to the police she gets entangled with other shadowy creatures of the underworld. 2000 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 31 July 9 An estimated 65% of Italy's 25,000 prostitutes are believed to be foreigners... Three to five thousand of these girls are virtually slaves, forced to turn their earnings over to their protectors. f. A person who provides or claims to provide protection from attack, injury, damage to one's property, etc., in return for the payment of money; a person who collects protection money. Cf. protection n. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > protection money > one who collects protector1933 1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. 153 Even if his particular ‘protectors’ left him in peace, there might still be other gangs about for whom they disavowed responsibility and with whom he had to make a separate deal. 1977 J. Wainwright Nest of Rats iii. 15 I was wise enough to choose my own ‘protector’. 2. English History. a. Also with capital initial. A person having charge of the kingdom during the minority, absence, or incapacity of the sovereign; a regent. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > regent > [noun] wardena1400 regentc1425 defensor1426 protector1426 interking1533 interrex1579 interregent1600 regency1643 1426 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 215 (MED) If þei be suche þinges þat þe King hath be accustumed to be conseilled of, þat þan þe said lordes procede not þerinne without þadvis of þe protectour and defensour. c1450 (c1430) Brut (Galba) (1908) 431 The Duke of Gloucestre, to ben Proptectour [read Protectour] and deffendour of the Rewme. a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 111 By the duk of Gloucestre, Erl of Haynnau, & protectour & defensour of England, [etc.]. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclxxviij An honorable style [was] geuen him, that he should be called the Protectour of the kyng & his Realme. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. ii. 56 My Lord Protector, 'tis his Highnes pleasure, You do prepare to ride vnto S. Albons. View more context for this quotation a1658 J. Cleveland Definition of Protector in Wks. (1687) 343 What's a Protector? He's a stately Thing, That Apes it in the Non-age of a King. 1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 15 John Duke of Bedford, Regent of France, and Protector of England. 1739 J. Oldmixon Hist. Eng.: Edward VI 156 On the 17th of February [1547] the Lord Protector was created Duke of Somerset. a1771 T. Gray Poems Lydgate in Wks. (1814) II. 55 His great patron the protector, Humphry duke of Gloucester. 1831 Times 26 Mar. 5/2 In the infancy of Edward VI., when so many of these excrescences on the Constitution were generated in order to serve the purposes of the Protector Somerset. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. iii. 623 The appointment of a protector, guardian, or regent, when the heir-apparent of the Crown has been very young. 1945 M. Waldman Eliz. & Leicester vii. 105 Elizabeth fell ill of smallpox and extracted (so it was reported) a promise from her ministers to make him Protector of the Realm in the event of her death. 1961 E. F. Jacob Fifteenth Cent., 1399–1485 509 On 27 March 1454 the spiritual and temporal lords nominated York protector and defender, after a vain attempt had been made..to ascertain whether the king was still non compos mentis. 1998 S. Delany Impolitic Bodies 22 Richard was named protector of England during Henry's fits of temporary insanity. b. Usually with capital initial. In full Lord Protector (of the Commonwealth). The title borne in 1653–8 by Oliver Cromwell, and in 1658–9 by his son Richard, as the head of the executive council of state. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > protector during Commonwealth of 1653-9 Lord Protector (of the Commonwealth)1653 1653 in Acts & Ordin. Parl. (1658) 275 From and after the six and twentieth day of December 1653 the Name, Style, Title and Teste of the Lord Protector..of the Commonwealth, of England, Scotland, and Ireland..shall be used. 1654 Weekly Intelligencer 14–21 Mar. 179 The Privy Lodgings for his Highness the Lord Protector in Whitehall are now in readiness, as also the Lodgings for his Lady Protectoress. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1658 (1955) III. 224 Saw the superb Funerall of the Protectors. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiv. 379 The Declaration of the Council of Officers was read, whereby Cromwell was made Protector. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 322 Cromwell was declared protector; and with great solemnity installed in that high office. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. x. 100 Cromwell's assumption, therefore, of the title of Protector was a necessary and wholesome usurpation. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. i. 135 The kingly prerogatives were intrusted to a lord high protector..called not His Majesty but His Highness. 1904 F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (ed. 2) II. 11 Sir Ralph was suddenly arrested,..by the Lord Protector's soldiers, as a suspected Royalist. 1962 E. Bruton Dict. Clocks & Watches (1963) 125 Oliver Cromwell's Watch. A plain Puritan watch on a fob chain which belonged to the Protector. 2003 A. Lacey Cult of King Charles the Martyr v. 165 The Countess [of Devonshire], although on good terms with the Lord Protector, considered herself a Royalist. 3. Law. Chiefly in full as protector of the settlement. The first person entitled, under a strict settlement of land, to a life interest preceding the entailed interest or (if there is no prior life interest) the settlor. In England and Wales it has not been possible to make such strict settlements following the passing of the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act (1996). ΚΠ 1833 Act 3 & 4 William IV c. 74 §22 The Person who shall be the Owner of the prior Estate, or the first of such prior Estates if more than One,..shall be the Protector of the Settlement so far as regards the Lands in which such prior Estate shall be subsisting. 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Oct. 1 The renewed collision which is certain to take place between the Liberal and Conservative parties, now that ‘the protector of the settlement’, as the lawyers say, is gone, will pretty certainly produce the desire for Reform, if it does not now exist. 1906 Times 6 Apr. 6/1 Lord Davey..set at rest a doubt whether a married woman could alone be protector of a settlement in respect of a life estate which was her separate property. 1977 J. Burke Jowitt's Dict. Eng. Law (ed. 2) I. 625/1 If there is a protector under the instrument creating the entail, no disposition made without his consent by the tenant in tail bars the persons entitled in remainder or reversion expectant on the determination of the entailed interest. 4. Something which affords or confers protection; a shield, a guard; a device or contrivance serving to prevent injury or damage to or from something. Frequently as the second element in compounds, as eye-protector, pocket protector, etc.; for established compounds see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence > device or contrivance to protect a thing or person guard1678 fender1739 safeguard1780 velum1781 protector1839 firewall1907 baffle1913 1839 H. M. Noad Course Eight Lect. iii. 102 When the metallic protector was from ¹/ ₄₀th to ¹/ ₁₅₀th, there was no corrosion or decay of the copper. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. viii. 265 Such a mass is..a protector of the ice beneath it. 1863 J. Watson Theory & Pract. Weaving 160 The selvage protector..to prevent the warp yarn from being broken by the weft shot drawing it too tightly. 1867 G. H. Selkirk Guide to Cricket Ground ii. 33 Pads, leg guards and protectors for the abdomen. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 1 Dec. 8/3 The second item was a head protector. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 4 Jan. 5/2 The boots had been mended with English protectors. 1922 Lillywhites' Sports Requisites 7 Wicket-keeping Sundries. Palmer's Abdominal Protectors. 1934 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 74 236/2 Protectors are connected to every open-wire Post Office line. 1996 C. Bateman Of Wee Sweetie Mice & Men vii. 56 McMaster stood up and opened a locker. He lifted out a groin protector. Derivatives † protectordom n. Obsolete (a state under) the rule of a Protector (in quots. with reference to the Commonwealth under Oliver and Thomas Cromwell). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > state under other specific ruler protectordom1659 superiority1721 1659 ‘T. Young’ Let. 13 May in E. Nicholas Papers (1920) IV. 139 Salaway made a lardge harange against S^t. Johns, att present an enemy to y^e Republic and a builder of Protectordome..and vnfitt for public trust. 1660 T. Fuller Mixt Contempl. ii. xiii. 21 We have been in twelve years a Kingdom, Commonwealth, Protectordome, afterwards under an Army, Parliament &c. 1839 A. Brunet Regal Armorie Great Brit. Index 329 Scotland conquered by Cromwell and annexed to the Protectordom of England. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † protectorv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: protector n. Etymology: < protector n. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To treat or deal with as Protector (protector n. 2b). Also: to make or proclaim Protector. ΚΠ 1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) III. 180 When the army see they are yours, they will be protectored by you. 1671 W. Penn Truth Rescued 25 The then English Army was the remainder of those Souldiers, that not only subverted the Kings Forces, but Protector'd Oliver Crumwell. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.c1390v.1659
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protectorn.

Derivatives

† protectorv.