protaminen.

Brit.

/ˈprəʊtəmiːn/, U.S.

/ˈproʊdəˌmin/,

/ˈproʊdəm(ə)n/

Forms: 1800s– protamin, 1800s– protamine.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Protamin.

Etymology: < German Protamin (F. Miescher 1874, in Verhandl. der Naturforsch. Ges. in Basel 6 153) < proto- proto- comb. form + Amin amine n.

Biochemistry and Medicine.

Any of a class of small basic proteins which occur in association with nucleic acids in the sperm of fish and other animals.Protamines are found most abundantly in fish of the families Salmonidae and Clupeidae. They are used in medicine to antagonize the anticoagulant activity of heparin and to prolong the effect of insulin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > biological product > [noun] > specific

lardc1420

sevumc1440

larding1582

protamine1874

renin1894

serum1895

sturine1896

iodothyrin1897

zymin1901

heparin1918

antireticular cytotoxic serum1942

urokinase1952

cryoprecipitate1956

xenoantiserum1973

anti-serum-

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the blood > anti-anti-coagulants

protamine1874

protamine sulphate1915

1874 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 27 794 Nuclein occurs in the salmon roe in the form of an insoluble compound with the new base protamine, the latter constituting no less than one-fourth of the weight of the roe.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xliii. 642 Protamines.—The simplest proteins, they include salmine, sturine, &c., isolated from fish testicles.

1954 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. ix. 195 The protamines are relatively small and simple proteins, deficient in many amino-acids and extremely rich in arginine.

1973 B. A. Brown Hematol. iv. 132/1 At the completion of surgery, protamine is administered in order to neutralize the effects of the heparin.

1998 New Scientist 9 May 28/3 It contains another enzyme that clips specific bonds between proteins known as protamines, which help package the sperm chromosomes.

Compounds

C1. Forming the names of preparations containing insulin complexed with protamines (and usually also with zinc chloride), which have a more prolonged hypoglycaemic action than insulin alone, as protamine insulin, protamine zinc insulin, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for diabetes

synthalin1927

protamine insulin1935

protamine zinc insulin1935

Ultralente1953

sulphonylurea1956

tolbutamide1956

phenformin1959

acetohexamide1961

metformin1961

tolazamide1963

1935 C. L. Heel tr. N. B. Krarup (title) Clinical investigations into the action of protamine insulinate.

1956 Nature 4 Feb. 223/2 Robinson and Fehr were able to estimate the percentage of insulin in protamine insulin by using the upper phase from a butanol/acetic/water..mixture as a chromatographic solvent.

1960 M. Spark Bachelors vii. 100 Protamine zinc for more prolonged coverage throughout the evening and the following night. She needs 80 units.

1995 Jrnl. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 206 1729 Ultralente insulin has replaced protamine zinc insulin as the treatment of choice in treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats.

C2.

protamine sulphate n. a mixture of sulphates of protamines obtained from the sperm or testes of fish, which can be used to neutralize the anticoagulant effect of heparin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > miscellaneous others

alum zucarinea1425

white precipitate1588

volatile salt or salts1639

malate1788

oxalate1788

sebate1788

succinate1789

camphorate1800

suberate1800

tannate1802

formate1807

zymate1817

uranate1819

ambreate1820

fungate1821

hydriodide1823

sorbate1823

fulminate1824

uraniate1824

pinate1829

oleate1831

pectate1831

resinate1831

xanthate1831

formobenzoate1834

racemate1835

indigotate1838

japonate1838

oxalhydrate1838

oxalovinate1838

palmate1838

pyruvate1838

roccellate1838

rubinate1838

verdite1838

oxalurate1839

sesquisalt1839

palmitate1840

rhabarbarate1840

hippurate1841

palmitin1841

sericate1841

stearate1841

oenanthylate1843

humate1844

parabanate1844

urethylane1844

angelate1846

fungiate1847

nitroprusside1849

sodium nitroprusside1849

fulminurate1855

igasurate1855

inosinate1855

phenate1857

sinapate1857

styphnate1857

anchoate1858

parellate1858

toluate1860

piperate1862

fumarate1864

glycollate1864

hydurilate1865

hyoglycocholate1865

isamates1865

itaconates1865–72

paralactate1866

porphyrate1866

usnate1866

thebolactate1867

oxalonitrate1868

rhodanate1868

stearerate1868

terebate1868

terephthalate1868

thymotate1868

turpetholate1868

violurate1868

viridate1868

xanthide1868

glycocholate1872

xylate1872

xylidate1872

tiglate1875

peptonate1876

hydracrylate1877

thymolate1880

formamidine1882

carboxylate1884

nucleate1896

phytin1905

cacodylate1908

cupferron1910

protamine sulphate1915

metallic soap1918

pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923

phosphagen1927

phosphocreatine1927

viologen1933

pentachlorophenate1938

hyaluronate1946

tetraethylpyrophosphate1947

pteroylglutamate1948

inosate-

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the blood > anti-anti-coagulants

protamine1874

protamine sulphate1915

1915 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. iv. 179 The arbacin sulphate contained 15.91 per cent. of nitrogen, whereas protamine sulphate contains about 25.13 per cent.

1962 Listener 3 May 769/2 Certain mixtures of large molecules—for example, mixtures of starch, gelatin, and protamine sulphate—will form drops which have great stability.

1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxxxi. 410 In the event of hemorrhaging, heparin can be neutralized by giving protamine sulfate.

protamine titration n. titration of blood with protamine to assess coagulation; a value so obtained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > tests

protamine titration1949

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > specific test

pneobiomantia1846

blood test1851

drug test1863

Romberg test1872

Rinne1881

Romberg's sign1884

tuberculin test1892

guaiac test1894

agglutination1896

percolation test1899

Pirquet test1908

skin test1908

Wassermann1909

Romberg1915

Pandy('s) test1916

glucose tolerance test1917

Kolmer1921

patch test1922

skin testing1923

provocation1924

Kolmer–Wassermann1925

Queckenstedt1928

Kline1929

Prausnitz–Küstner1929

cross-match1930

Mantoux test1931

paraffin test1935

Paul–Bunnell test1935

stress test1937

Burpee test1939

lepromin test1939

patch testing1941

pinprick1941

breath test1945

provocation test1948

protamine titration1949

Coombs test1950

smear test1950

Schilling test1955

tanned-(red-)cell1956

amniocentesis1958

Pap smear1963

Pap test1963

drugs test1967

Schultz–Charlton1974

amnio1984

cross-matching-

1949 J. G. Allen et al. in Jrnl. Lab. & Clin. Med. 34 473 (heading) A protamine titration as an indication of clotting defect in certain hemorrhagic states.

1949 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 30 Apr. 1251/1 The blood..showed an increased protamine titration when the prothrombin level was normal or near normal.

1992 Ann. Thoracic Surg. 53 822 Modern instrumentation..now allows the monitoring of free heparin levels via automated protamine titration.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protamine
释义	protaminen. Brit. /ˈprəʊtəmiːn/, U.S. /ˈproʊdəˌmin/, /ˈproʊdəm(ə)n/ Forms: 1800s– protamin, 1800s– protamine. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Protamin. Etymology: < German Protamin (F. Miescher 1874, in Verhandl. der Naturforsch. Ges. in Basel 6 153) < proto- proto- comb. form + Amin amine n. Biochemistry and Medicine. Any of a class of small basic proteins which occur in association with nucleic acids in the sperm of fish and other animals.Protamines are found most abundantly in fish of the families Salmonidae and Clupeidae. They are used in medicine to antagonize the anticoagulant activity of heparin and to prolong the effect of insulin. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > biological product > [noun] > specific lardc1420 sevumc1440 larding1582 protamine1874 renin1894 serum1895 sturine1896 iodothyrin1897 zymin1901 heparin1918 antireticular cytotoxic serum1942 urokinase1952 cryoprecipitate1956 xenoantiserum1973 anti-serum- the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the blood > anti-anti-coagulants protamine1874 protamine sulphate1915 1874 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 27 794 Nuclein occurs in the salmon roe in the form of an insoluble compound with the new base protamine, the latter constituting no less than one-fourth of the weight of the roe. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xliii. 642 Protamines.—The simplest proteins, they include salmine, sturine, &c., isolated from fish testicles. 1954 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. ix. 195 The protamines are relatively small and simple proteins, deficient in many amino-acids and extremely rich in arginine. 1973 B. A. Brown Hematol. iv. 132/1 At the completion of surgery, protamine is administered in order to neutralize the effects of the heparin. 1998 New Scientist 9 May 28/3 It contains another enzyme that clips specific bonds between proteins known as protamines, which help package the sperm chromosomes. Compounds C1. Forming the names of preparations containing insulin complexed with protamines (and usually also with zinc chloride), which have a more prolonged hypoglycaemic action than insulin alone, as protamine insulin, protamine zinc insulin, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for diabetes synthalin1927 protamine insulin1935 protamine zinc insulin1935 Ultralente1953 sulphonylurea1956 tolbutamide1956 phenformin1959 acetohexamide1961 metformin1961 tolazamide1963 1935 C. L. Heel tr. N. B. Krarup (title) Clinical investigations into the action of protamine insulinate. 1956 Nature 4 Feb. 223/2 Robinson and Fehr were able to estimate the percentage of insulin in protamine insulin by using the upper phase from a butanol/acetic/water..mixture as a chromatographic solvent. 1960 M. Spark Bachelors vii. 100 Protamine zinc for more prolonged coverage throughout the evening and the following night. She needs 80 units. 1995 Jrnl. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 206 1729 Ultralente insulin has replaced protamine zinc insulin as the treatment of choice in treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats. C2. protamine sulphate n. a mixture of sulphates of protamines obtained from the sperm or testes of fish, which can be used to neutralize the anticoagulant effect of heparin. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > miscellaneous others alum zucarinea1425 white precipitate1588 volatile salt or salts1639 malate1788 oxalate1788 sebate1788 succinate1789 camphorate1800 suberate1800 tannate1802 formate1807 zymate1817 uranate1819 ambreate1820 fungate1821 hydriodide1823 sorbate1823 fulminate1824 uraniate1824 pinate1829 oleate1831 pectate1831 resinate1831 xanthate1831 formobenzoate1834 racemate1835 indigotate1838 japonate1838 oxalhydrate1838 oxalovinate1838 palmate1838 pyruvate1838 roccellate1838 rubinate1838 verdite1838 oxalurate1839 sesquisalt1839 palmitate1840 rhabarbarate1840 hippurate1841 palmitin1841 sericate1841 stearate1841 oenanthylate1843 humate1844 parabanate1844 urethylane1844 angelate1846 fungiate1847 nitroprusside1849 sodium nitroprusside1849 fulminurate1855 igasurate1855 inosinate1855 phenate1857 sinapate1857 styphnate1857 anchoate1858 parellate1858 toluate1860 piperate1862 fumarate1864 glycollate1864 hydurilate1865 hyoglycocholate1865 isamates1865 itaconates1865–72 paralactate1866 porphyrate1866 usnate1866 thebolactate1867 oxalonitrate1868 rhodanate1868 stearerate1868 terebate1868 terephthalate1868 thymotate1868 turpetholate1868 violurate1868 viridate1868 xanthide1868 glycocholate1872 xylate1872 xylidate1872 tiglate1875 peptonate1876 hydracrylate1877 thymolate1880 formamidine1882 carboxylate1884 nucleate1896 phytin1905 cacodylate1908 cupferron1910 protamine sulphate1915 metallic soap1918 pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923 phosphagen1927 phosphocreatine1927 viologen1933 pentachlorophenate1938 hyaluronate1946 tetraethylpyrophosphate1947 pteroylglutamate1948 inosate- the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the blood > anti-anti-coagulants protamine1874 protamine sulphate1915 1915 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. iv. 179 The arbacin sulphate contained 15.91 per cent. of nitrogen, whereas protamine sulphate contains about 25.13 per cent. 1962 Listener 3 May 769/2 Certain mixtures of large molecules—for example, mixtures of starch, gelatin, and protamine sulphate—will form drops which have great stability. 1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxxxi. 410 In the event of hemorrhaging, heparin can be neutralized by giving protamine sulfate. protamine titration n. titration of blood with protamine to assess coagulation; a value so obtained. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > tests protamine titration1949 the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > specific test pneobiomantia1846 blood test1851 drug test1863 Romberg test1872 Rinne1881 Romberg's sign1884 tuberculin test1892 guaiac test1894 agglutination1896 percolation test1899 Pirquet test1908 skin test1908 Wassermann1909 Romberg1915 Pandy('s) test1916 glucose tolerance test1917 Kolmer1921 patch test1922 skin testing1923 provocation1924 Kolmer–Wassermann1925 Queckenstedt1928 Kline1929 Prausnitz–Küstner1929 cross-match1930 Mantoux test1931 paraffin test1935 Paul–Bunnell test1935 stress test1937 Burpee test1939 lepromin test1939 patch testing1941 pinprick1941 breath test1945 provocation test1948 protamine titration1949 Coombs test1950 smear test1950 Schilling test1955 tanned-(red-)cell1956 amniocentesis1958 Pap smear1963 Pap test1963 drugs test1967 Schultz–Charlton1974 amnio1984 cross-matching- 1949 J. G. Allen et al. in Jrnl. Lab. & Clin. Med. 34 473 (heading) A protamine titration as an indication of clotting defect in certain hemorrhagic states. 1949 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 30 Apr. 1251/1 The blood..showed an increased protamine titration when the prothrombin level was normal or near normal. 1992 Ann. Thoracic Surg. 53 822 Modern instrumentation..now allows the monitoring of free heparin levels via automated protamine titration. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1874
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