prokev.¹

Brit.

/prəʊk/, U.S.

/proʊk/, Scottish English

/prok/, Irish English

/proʊk/, Welsh English

/proːk/

Forms: early Middle English prokie, Middle English 1600s– proke, 1500s prokth (3rd singular present indicative), 1600s proak, 1900s– prooke (Welsh English); English regional 1800s– prook, 1800s– prowk.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Compare German regional (Low German) proken to prod, poke, scratch, scrawl (compare Middle Low German prēken to prick, pierce), and also Middle Low German prȫkeln (variant of prēkelen to prick, pierce, to incite (see prickle v.); German regional (Low German: East Friesland) prökeln ; perhaps compare 20th-cent. Scots prokel , apparently a frequentative formation from the present word). Compare also Middle Low German prēkel (see prickle n.¹), German regional (Low German: East Friesland) prökel prickle, pointed instrument. The further origin of all of these words is uncertain: the form and sense suggest a relationship with prick v., poke v.¹, or prog v.² Compare proche v.

Now chiefly English regional (north-western and midlands), Welsh English, Scottish, and Irish English.

a. transitive. To make a thrust at; to poke. Formerly also: †to goad, stir, incite, provoke (a person) to do something (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate

stirc897

putOE

sputc1175

prokec1225

prickc1230

commovec1374

baitc1378

stingc1386

movea1398

eager?a1400

pokec1400

provokea1425

tollc1440

cheera1450

irritec1450

encourage1483

incite1483

harden1487

attice1490

pricklea1522

to set on1523

incense1531

irritate1531

animate1532

tickle1532

stomach1541

instigate1542

concitea1555

upsteer1558

urge1565

instimulate1570

whip1573

goad1579

raise1581

to set upa1586

to call ona1592

incitate1597

indarec1599

alarm1602

exstimulate1603

to put on1604

feeze1610

impulse1611

fomentate1613

emovec1614

animalize1617

stimulate1619

spura1644

trinkle1685

cite1718

to put up1812

prod1832

to jack up1914

goose1934

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action > poke or prod

prokec1225

pokec1330

punchc1384

pinga1400

purrc1450

brod1483

rowc1500

dub1513

pod1530

prod1535

job1560

poy1562

pounce1577

poach1632

pote1714

potter1747

poker1774

nug1866

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 694 (MED) Al for nawt þu prokest me to forgulten.

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 700 Ȝef he..halt on to eili þi flesch & prokie þin heorte.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 122 & wiðseggeð þe grant þrof wið anewile heorte, ne prokie hit se swiðe.

c1330 in T. Wright Polit. Songs Eng. (1839) 343 (MED) The fend hem prokede uch man to mourdren other.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lxviii. 30 Nature prokth me..To take peace with the flies,..Reason prouokth me: politiklie to flee.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xiv. i. 2 The Queene ever at his elbow to pricke and proke [L. stimulare] him forward.

1669 W. Wycherley Hero & Leander in Burlesque 75 From her Eye-lids proking off the Glew, Into the boiling water [she] fell a staring.

1699 H. Wanley Let. 2 Sept. 131 Some of the books I enquired after, could not be found on the sudden; but I made a shift to proke out a few of them myself.

1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 336 Dunna proke the fire.

1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Proke, to poke. ‘Proke th' fire a bit.’

1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 220/1 Proke,..to poke.

1969 D. Griffiths Talk of my Town 28 Prooke, to poke or disturb.

b. intransitive. To make a thrust (at something); to make a poking movement; to root about; (also) to pry. N.E.D. (1908) included here a sense ‘to fish for eels by thrusting bait into their lurking-places’, apparently on the basis of quot. 1688 at proking n., but evidence for the verb is lacking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > strike with pushing action > poke or prod

pingeOE

prokec1330

prod1579

poke1599

gag1622

jook1877

c1330 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 33 Noiþer he [sc. Death] stintes no stokes, Bot ay prickes & prokes Til he vnclustri al þe lokes Þat liif ligges vnder.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xlvi. 263 Well may some from shipboord proke at the dogs aforesaid with forks; others thrust at them with Trout speares & such like weapons.

1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos iv. 72 These stand proking, pelting, and stickling, with a company of stones, and sticks, and strawes.

1791 Life & Trans. John Furber 26 He began to proke among the straw. He proked so much, and so feelingly, that at length up starts Mr Furber's head, declaring he really could not bear the point of the sword!

1843 N. Macleod Cracks about Kirk (ed. 2) I. 2 If a man has a sair leg or a sick body ye needna keep prokin' at him and roarin' in his lug a' day that he's no weel.

1898 G. Miller Gloss. Warwickshire Dial. (at cited word) What are you proking about now? you allus puts your nose into every mortal thing you can find.

1914 P. MacGill Children of Dead End xxi. 149 I'm sick of prokin' in the gutters here.

1941 E. R. Eddison Fish Dinner xiv. 261 The plague that sat dozing in her mouth's corner proked at him swiftly.

1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 220/1 Proke,..to poke; to poke about in an inquisitive manner. Proking about with his hands looking for it in the dark.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 263/1 Proke, poke, specifically poke about in a nosy way.

†2. intransitive. To stick out, project; = poke v.¹ 2b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]

tootc897

shootc1000

to come outOE

abuta1250

to stand outc1330

steek?c1335

risea1398

jutty14..

proferc1400

strutc1405

to stick upa1500

issuec1515

butt1523

to stick outc1540

jut1565

to run out1565

jet1593

gag1599

poke1599

proke1600

boke1601

prosiliate1601

relish1611

shoulder1611

to stand offa1616

protrude1704

push1710

projecta1712

protend1726

outstand1755

shove1850

outjut1851

extrude1852

bracket1855

to corbel out1861

to set out1892

pier1951

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxviii. vii. 987 From the lid or cover..there stood proking out long sharp pikes..for to keepe off the enemies.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 327 There bee Insects with little hornes proaking out before their eyes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† prokev.²

Forms: late Middle English prokke, late Middle English–1500s proke.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Latin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Latin procāre ; proke v.¹

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < classical Latin procāre (rare) to ask, demand (see procation n.; compare quots. 1440, 1570), or perhaps a sense development of proke v.¹

Obsolete. rare.

intransitive. To ask; to make a demand.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)]

yearnOE

bid971

seek971

askOE

beseechc1175

banc1275

yerec1275

cravec1300

desirec1330

impetrec1374

praya1382

nurnc1400

pleadc1400

require1400

fraynec1430

proke1440

requisitea1475

wishc1515

supply1546

request1549

implore?c1550

to speak for ——1560

entreat1565

impetratec1565

obtest?1577

solicit1595

invoke1617

mendicate1618

petition1621

imprecate1636

conjurea1704

speer1724

canvass1768

kick1792

I will thank you to do so-and-so1813

quest1897

to hit a person up for1917

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 414 Prokkyn, or styfly askyn, procor, procito.

a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 1926 (MED) He prokes for pride &..wodez; For-þi he must be bett as a barne falles.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Niii/1 To Proke, procare.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	proke
释义	prokev.¹ Brit. /prəʊk/, U.S. /proʊk/, Scottish English /prok/, Irish English /proʊk/, Welsh English /proːk/ Forms: early Middle English prokie, Middle English 1600s– proke, 1500s prokth (3rd singular present indicative), 1600s proak, 1900s– prooke (Welsh English); English regional 1800s– prook, 1800s– prowk. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Compare German regional (Low German) proken to prod, poke, scratch, scrawl (compare Middle Low German prēken to prick, pierce), and also Middle Low German prȫkeln (variant of prēkelen to prick, pierce, to incite (see prickle v.); German regional (Low German: East Friesland) prökeln ; perhaps compare 20th-cent. Scots prokel , apparently a frequentative formation from the present word). Compare also Middle Low German prēkel (see prickle n.¹), German regional (Low German: East Friesland) prökel prickle, pointed instrument. The further origin of all of these words is uncertain: the form and sense suggest a relationship with prick v., poke v.¹, or prog v.² Compare proche v. Now chiefly English regional (north-western and midlands), Welsh English, Scottish, and Irish English. 1. a. transitive. To make a thrust at; to poke. Formerly also: †to goad, stir, incite, provoke (a person) to do something (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate stirc897 putOE sputc1175 prokec1225 prickc1230 commovec1374 baitc1378 stingc1386 movea1398 eager?a1400 pokec1400 provokea1425 tollc1440 cheera1450 irritec1450 encourage1483 incite1483 harden1487 attice1490 pricklea1522 to set on1523 incense1531 irritate1531 animate1532 tickle1532 stomach1541 instigate1542 concitea1555 upsteer1558 urge1565 instimulate1570 whip1573 goad1579 raise1581 to set upa1586 to call ona1592 incitate1597 indarec1599 alarm1602 exstimulate1603 to put on1604 feeze1610 impulse1611 fomentate1613 emovec1614 animalize1617 stimulate1619 spura1644 trinkle1685 cite1718 to put up1812 prod1832 to jack up1914 goose1934 the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action > poke or prod prokec1225 pokec1330 punchc1384 pinga1400 purrc1450 brod1483 rowc1500 dub1513 pod1530 prod1535 job1560 poy1562 pounce1577 poach1632 pote1714 potter1747 poker1774 nug1866 c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 694 (MED) Al for nawt þu prokest me to forgulten. c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 700 Ȝef he..halt on to eili þi flesch & prokie þin heorte. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 122 & wiðseggeð þe grant þrof wið anewile heorte, ne prokie hit se swiðe. c1330 in T. Wright Polit. Songs Eng. (1839) 343 (MED) The fend hem prokede uch man to mourdren other. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lxviii. 30 Nature prokth me..To take peace with the flies,..Reason prouokth me: politiklie to flee. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xiv. i. 2 The Queene ever at his elbow to pricke and proke [L. stimulare] him forward. 1669 W. Wycherley Hero & Leander in Burlesque 75 From her Eye-lids proking off the Glew, Into the boiling water [she] fell a staring. 1699 H. Wanley Let. 2 Sept. 131 Some of the books I enquired after, could not be found on the sudden; but I made a shift to proke out a few of them myself. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 336 Dunna proke the fire. 1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Proke, to poke. ‘Proke th' fire a bit.’ 1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 220/1 Proke,..to poke. 1969 D. Griffiths Talk of my Town 28 Prooke, to poke or disturb. b. intransitive. To make a thrust (at something); to make a poking movement; to root about; (also) to pry. N.E.D. (1908) included here a sense ‘to fish for eels by thrusting bait into their lurking-places’, apparently on the basis of quot. 1688 at proking n., but evidence for the verb is lacking. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > strike with pushing action > poke or prod pingeOE prokec1330 prod1579 poke1599 gag1622 jook1877 c1330 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 33 Noiþer he [sc. Death] stintes no stokes, Bot ay prickes & prokes Til he vnclustri al þe lokes Þat liif ligges vnder. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xlvi. 263 Well may some from shipboord proke at the dogs aforesaid with forks; others thrust at them with Trout speares & such like weapons. 1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos iv. 72 These stand proking, pelting, and stickling, with a company of stones, and sticks, and strawes. 1791 Life & Trans. John Furber 26 He began to proke among the straw. He proked so much, and so feelingly, that at length up starts Mr Furber's head, declaring he really could not bear the point of the sword! 1843 N. Macleod Cracks about Kirk (ed. 2) I. 2 If a man has a sair leg or a sick body ye needna keep prokin' at him and roarin' in his lug a' day that he's no weel. 1898 G. Miller Gloss. Warwickshire Dial. (at cited word) What are you proking about now? you allus puts your nose into every mortal thing you can find. 1914 P. MacGill Children of Dead End xxi. 149 I'm sick of prokin' in the gutters here. 1941 E. R. Eddison Fish Dinner xiv. 261 The plague that sat dozing in her mouth's corner proked at him swiftly. 1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 220/1 Proke,..to poke; to poke about in an inquisitive manner. Proking about with his hands looking for it in the dark. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 263/1 Proke, poke, specifically poke about in a nosy way. †2. intransitive. To stick out, project; = poke v.¹ 2b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)] tootc897 shootc1000 to come outOE abuta1250 to stand outc1330 steek?c1335 risea1398 jutty14.. proferc1400 strutc1405 to stick upa1500 issuec1515 butt1523 to stick outc1540 jut1565 to run out1565 jet1593 gag1599 poke1599 proke1600 boke1601 prosiliate1601 relish1611 shoulder1611 to stand offa1616 protrude1704 push1710 projecta1712 protend1726 outstand1755 shove1850 outjut1851 extrude1852 bracket1855 to corbel out1861 to set out1892 pier1951 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxviii. vii. 987 From the lid or cover..there stood proking out long sharp pikes..for to keepe off the enemies. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 327 There bee Insects with little hornes proaking out before their eyes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † prokev.² Forms: late Middle English prokke, late Middle English–1500s proke. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Latin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Latin procāre ; proke v.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < classical Latin procāre (rare) to ask, demand (see procation n.; compare quots. 1440, 1570), or perhaps a sense development of proke v.¹ Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To ask; to make a demand. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] yearnOE bid971 seek971 askOE beseechc1175 banc1275 yerec1275 cravec1300 desirec1330 impetrec1374 praya1382 nurnc1400 pleadc1400 require1400 fraynec1430 proke1440 requisitea1475 wishc1515 supply1546 request1549 implore?c1550 to speak for ——1560 entreat1565 impetratec1565 obtest?1577 solicit1595 invoke1617 mendicate1618 petition1621 imprecate1636 conjurea1704 speer1724 canvass1768 kick1792 I will thank you to do so-and-so1813 quest1897 to hit a person up for1917 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 414 Prokkyn, or styfly askyn, procor, procito. a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 1926 (MED) He prokes for pride &..wodez; For-þi he must be bett as a barne falles. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Niii/1 To Proke, procare. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.¹c1225v.²1440
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prokev.1

† prokev.2

prokev.¹

† prokev.²