projectionn.
/prəˈdʒɛkʃn/, U.S. /prəˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n/, /proʊˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n/ 1. † b. In figurative and extended use. A process resembling this, esp. one resulting in change from one thing to another. Obsolete.
a. Alchemy. The throwing or casting of an ingredient into a crucible; esp. the casting of powdered philosopher's stone on to molten metal to effect its transmutation into gold or silver; the transmutation of metals. Cf. powder of projection n. at powder n.1 4d. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > transmutation
multiplyingc1395
maturing?a1425
transmutation1478
projectiona1550
curtation1584
longation1584
tincting1599
maturation1617
a1550 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (Sloane 1873) (1975) 3060 (MED) The laste hete of these goith for all, When to proieccion our stone shall fall.
1580 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Short Disc. Chirurg. sig. Miiv Making the proiection [It. le proiectioni] they ioyne the medicine with metalling bodyes, and not to go away in fume.
1594 H. Plat Jewell House 87 You shall make a perfect proiection your selues vpon Mercurie.
1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 346 Proiection is an exaltation cheefely in mettals, by a medicine cast vpon them which will suddenly penetrate and transfigurate..them.
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (i. 20) 363 Alchimists that labour to make gold by projection.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1652 (1955) III. 52 He told us..stories of a Genoveze Jeweller, who..had made projection before him several times.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. x. 264 I will do projection in thy presence, my son,..and thine eyes shall witness the truth.
1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 11 At other times the performers..purchased what was termed a powder of projection, prepared by the adepts, containing a portion of gold.
1994 W. R. Newman Gehennical Fire iv. 118 These are the twelve gates of Ripley's Compound of Alchemy..by which Ripley referred to twelve alchemical processes—calcination, dissolution, separation, conjunction, putrefaction, congelation, cibation, sublimation, fermentation, exaltation, multiplication, and projection.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > [noun]
overchangingc1384
transmutation1398
permutationa1425
transforming1435
resolutiona1450
translating1503
resolvinga1513
conversion1549
transposing1550
conversationa1570
transmuting1579
projection?1583
transmigration1618
version1626
transversion1656
transmogrification1661
converting1711
metamorphosing1730
metastasis1818
turn-over1825
interconversion1865
transnaturation1873
transmorphism1888
segue1945
?1583 J. Hester tr. Paracelsus et al. Hundred & Fouretene Exper. & Cures vii. 44 For euery disease will bee cured in short time, euen after the same manner, as the Minerall stone maketh his proiection [L. proiectionem] vppon mettals.
1631 B. Jonson New Inne iii. ii. 177 I feele that transmutation o'my blood, As I were quite become another creature, And all he speakes, it is proiection.
1649 E. Benlowes Poetick Descant (single-sheet) Mercurie..Whose Violin seem'd the Chymick-stone, For everie melting Touch was pure Projection.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 111. ⁋2 We laugh at the timorous delays of plodding industry, and fancy that, by increasing the fire, we can at pleasure accelerate the projection.
1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 16 Public opinion was in a state of projection.
1828 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 38 549 The golden opportunity is arrived, they have reached..the moment of projection.
1875 H. B. Stowe We & our Neighbors xxxii. 302 I knew just how many eggs went to the quart of milk, and that it must be stirred gently all the time, in a kettle of boiling water, till the golden moment of projection arrived.
c. gen. The action of throwing forwards or outwards; the fact or condition of being projected; ejection, propulsion. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > [noun] > propulsion
projection1599
propulsity1607
propulsion1627
protrusion1646
propelling1667
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 109/1 It is commodious for the proiectione [Ger. Außwurff] of phlegme.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. iv. 80 As the Electrick cooleth, the projection of the Atomes ceaseth. View more context for this quotation
a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. v. 96 Shewing how all that which we call Body, rather issued forth by an infinite projection from some Mind.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 20 To perswade him that this was done..by the rude scattering of Ink upon the Paper, or by the lucky projection of so many Letters at all adventures.
1740 Experim. Philos. 38 To say a Stone moves by Projection, Gravity, or Attraction, speaking philosophically, is arrant Nonsense, and an Imposition on our Understandings.
1775 J. Wesley Serm. lix. 10, in Wks. (1811) IX. 128 Connect the force of projection and attraction how you can, they will never produce a circular motion.
1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes II. v. 104 The fall of the Viceroy's good chestnut..and the projection of his rider full ten feet over his head.
1862 G. P. Scrope Volcanos (ed. 2) 24 The immense trituration they sustain in the process of repeated projection and fall.
1933 A. S. Eddington Expanding Universe ii. 85 The world began with a violent projection from position B , i.e. from the state in which it is condensed to a point or atom.
1995 C. R. Friedrichs Early Modern City i. iv. 94 Gunpowder could be effectively harnessed in no other way than to permit the swift projection of missiles.
2.
a. The drawing, esp. on mathematical principles, of a map or plan of a surface, or of a two-dimensional diagram of a three-dimensional object; esp. (more fully map projection) the representation on a plane surface of (part of) a spherical surface, esp. that of the earth or the celestial sphere; any of the geometrical or cartographic methods by which this may be done. Also: a drawing, plan, or map so made.Such representations were originally made geometrically, the sense being thus identical with sense 2b (but with a physical representation denoted or implied, of a physical rather than a geometrical object). In later use the name has been extended to representations made by computers using complex geometrical or topological algorithms.conical, cylindrical, gnomonic, Mercator's, Mollweide, orthogonal, perspective projection, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun]
projection1551
protraction1559
stereography1700
planning1730
planography1847
dimensioning1966
the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > projection
projection1551
Lambert1879
1551 R. Record (title) The pathway to knowledg containing the first principles of geometrie, as they may moste aptly be applied vnto practise, bothe for vse of instrumentes geometricall, and astronomicall and also for proiection of plattes in euerye kinde.
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. aiiijv Of making due proiection of a Sphere in plaine.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. vii. 182 (Polar projection) This kinde of proiection, though more vnusuall,..wants not his speciall vse in describing the parts of the earth neare the Pole.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. viii. 73 Charts, according to Mercator's or Wright's Projection.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Astrolabes, Quadrants, Sun-dials, Maps, &c., are Projections of the Sphere; which are of three sorts, viz. Gnomonick, Orthographick and Stereographick.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 56 General maps..are projected upon the plane of some great circle..and from this circle the projection is said to be meridional, equatorial, or horizontal.
1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. i. iv. 67 In the construction of maps..by the projection of the spherical surface on a plane, such as it would be seen to the eye situated in a particular point; or by the developement, that is, the spreading out of a spherical on a plane surface.
1866 R. A. Proctor Handbk. Stars 12 The term projection has come to be applied in mapping to any mode of construction founded on some definite geometrical principle.
1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light 30 Take two drawings—projections, as they are called—of the frustum of a cone; the one as it is seen by the right eye, the other as it is seen by the left.
1912 A. R. Hinks Map Projections i. 6 There is a class of projections sometimes named azimuthal, from the fact that the azimuths, or true bearings, from the centre of the map, of all points, are shown correctly.
1981 P. Davies Edge of Infinity (1983) iv. 76 The map-maker therefore has to cut the projection somewhere, usually through the Arctic and Antarctic.
1995 Wired Jan. 40/2 A new map projection, now known as Hammond's Optimal Conformal, which the publishers claim is ‘the most distortion-free conformal map possible and the most accurate projections that have ever been made’.
b. Geometry. The drawing of straight lines or rays (esp. from a fixed point) through every point of a given figure, usually so as to intersect a surface and describe on it a new figure each point of which corresponds to a point of the original. Also: the resulting figure. Hence more generally: a representation of a figure on a surface according to a particular system of correspondence between its points and the points of the surface; an analogous operation performed in a space of different dimension. Also figurative.See note at sense 2a.axial, central projection: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [noun] > geometrical relation > projection
projecting1616
projecture1616
projectiona1652
project1807
a1652 S. Foster Elliptical Horologiography (1654) 126 The projections are made upon the plain of the Meridian Circle.
1731 W. Halfpenny Perspective made Easy 32 Whence, draw a Line to the Point of Distance: then is MU the Projection.
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 539 The most useful kinds of architectural drawing depend upon the Theory of Projection.
1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm x. 301 Metaphysical projections of the moral system, how neat soever and entire, and plausible they may seem.
1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xxiii. 208 Supposing AOB, CPPD to be projections of great circles of the sphere.
1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. xv. 185 The position and form of lines in space are expressed, in the higher geometry, by determining the projection of these lines on planes placed at right angles to each other.
1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 793/2 Any figure, plane or in space of three dimensions, may be projected to any surface from any point which is called the centre of projection.
1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xiv. 294 Projection from a point outside the plane of the figure.
1991 J. B. Griffiths Colliding Plane Waves in Gen. Relativity (BNC) 57 The apparent non-causality that appears in the introduction of these singularities is a consequence of the projection of the space-time onto the plane.
c. Crystallography. The transfer of each point on the faces of a crystal on to an imaginary containing sphere, by means of rays drawn from the centre of the sphere. Also: a geometrical projection of this sphere on to a plane surface.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystals (other miscellaneous) > [noun] > face point projection
projection1866
1866 Proc. Royal Soc. 15 13 The annexed figure represents an octant of the sphere of projection.
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. ii. 28 Fig. 9 represents in orthographic projection the faces and the poles of the cubo-octahedron.
1959 C. S. Hurlbut Dana's Man. Mineral. (ed. 17) ii. 34 In order to plot the faces strictly according to their angular relations and without regard for shape or size, we may use the spherical projection.
1990 A. Allaby & M. Allaby Oxf. Dict. Earth Sci. 288/2 In a stereographic projection of a crystal, the crystal is imagined to lie at the centre of a sphere and a pole of each face intersects the surface of the sphere at a point.
d. Mathematics. A homomorphism that maps a vector space, etc., into a part of itself such that each element of the part is unchanged by the mapping; spec. a homomorphism from a group into a quotient group.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > transformation > [noun] > correspondence > into (part of) itself
automorphism1862
projection1935
1935 Ann. Math. 36 875 The projection space L (mod B) of an invariant B is a Lie algebra.
1950 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 56 488 The systematic use of these injection and projection homomorphisms is at the heart of our formulation of the duality phenomena.
1976 D. E. Christie Basic Topol. vii. 191 An indispensable tool for products is the projection, a function from the product to one of the factors.
1990 Proc. London Math. Soc. 60 69 The projection of W onto Sm (corresponding to this semidirect decomposition) will be denoted by π.
3. † b. The representation of an object in a picture so as to make it appear to stand out in relief. Obsolete.
a. An object which projects or extends beyond the adjacent surface; a projecting part or thing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [noun] > a projecting part
hornc1275
outshooting1310
nosec1400
startc1400
spout1412
snouta1425
outbearingc1425
outstanding?c1425
relish1428
jeta1500
rising1525
shoulder1545
jutting1565
outshootc1565
prominence1578
forecast1580
projection1592
sprout1598
eye1600
shooting forth1601
lip1608
juttying1611
prominent?1611
eminence1615
butting1625
excursiona1626
elbow1626
protrusion1646
jettinga1652
outjetting1652
prominency1654
eminency1668
nouch1688
issuanta1690
out-butting1730
outjet1730
out-jutting1730
flange1735
nosing1773
process1775
jut1787
projecture1803
nozzle1804
saliency1831
ajutment1834
salience1837
out-thrust1842
emphasis1885
cleat1887
outjut1893
pseudopodiuma1902
1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 54 Vppon the top of the stypets or steales, was put a proiection [It. proiectura] to beare vp the rounde table before the Queene.
1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iii. §14. 99 Any ruggedness, any sudden projection, any sharp angle is..contrary to that idea.
1765 R. Veicht in Philos. Trans. 1764 (Royal Soc.) 54 292 The auning, which is a projection of the deck of the cabin to shelter from the sun or rain.
1798 R. M. Roche Clermont IV. v. 121 As I approached, I beheld two men, from whom a projection of the rock concealed me.
1815 T. Rickman in J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 131 The projections at the corners..are called buttresses.
1845 J. H. Ingraham Forrestal v. 68 The lamp which illumined it..stood upon a projection of the rocky wall.
1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 15 316 A catch or small projection at the end of an iron pin.
1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. viii. lxxii. 324 The dwellers of the coastlands of Siberia's eastern projection were members of the proto-Mongoloid stock.
1967 L. A. Borradaile et al. Inverterbrata (ed. 4) 222 The tape-worms..are..characterized by a head which bears..a projection at the top, called the rostellum.
2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Nov. d8/1 Those rock projections..trap sand in currents flowing along the shore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [noun] > state of being clearly visible > sharpness or definition > due to contrast
projection1619
relief1776
pluck1889
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > relief and texture > [noun] > appearance or representation of relief
projection1619
relievo1685
relief1699
modelling1865
1619 E. Heyward in M. Drayton Barrons Wars (rev. ed.) To Author sig. A 4v Since affection In iudgement may, as shaddow and proiection In Lantskip, make that which is low seeme high.
1846 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. xiii. 563 The idea of projection is not so strongly excited; nor are we able to distinguish with the same certainty between a well-painted picture..and the objects themselves in relief.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 194 The incredible projection of the stars themselves.
c. The action of placing a thing or part so that it sticks or stands out, or projects beyond the general line or surface; the fact or condition of being so placed as to project; jutting out, extension.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [noun]
projecture1563
jutting1565
project1596
juttying1611
prominence1611
excursiona1626
extancy1644
outjetty1650
projection1664
projecting1726
jetting1754
saliency1834
salience1849
protrusion1853
prominency1871
pout1880–4
out-thrust1955
1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. i. ix. 28 I find that..the Projection of the Plinth of the Capital is a little too small and renders the whole Chapter mean.
1698 W. Cowper Anat. Humane Bodies sig. Q The Muscles imploy'd in Extending the Head, Neck, Back and Loins should be framed strong enough..to sustain the Head and Trunk in their Projection forewards from the Axis of the Vertebrae.
1717 J. Gay Three Hours after Marriage iii. 61 Do but observe the Projection of the Hip; besides, the Bloom upon the Face; 'tis a Female beyond all Contradiction.
1772 C. Hutton Princ. Bridges 97 The perpendicular projection will be equal to half the breadth..of the pier.
1793 C. Smith Old Manor House III. xiii. 313 Mrs. Rayland and her servants..were concealed partly by the projection of the lodge on that side, and partly by the slight turning in the road.
1806 J. Dallaway Observ. Eng. Archit. 207 The central front is rendered mean..by the..projection of the wings.
1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 42 Let him..sit erect, with his back to the light, and a full free projection of the breast.
1875 C. Merivale Gen. Hist. Rome lxv. 525 The conquests..beyond the Danube constituted a deep projection of Roman civilisation into the wilds of barbarism.
1965 A. R. Ammons Tape for Turn of Year 171 One edge [of a leaf] may be caught by the projection of a stonelette from hard ground.
1998 Art Bull. 80 230/1 Does the considerable projection in the buttresses that surround the St-Denis choir..prove that flyers were anticipated by the original designer?
a. The forming of mental plans or projects; scheming, planning, plotting. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun]
compassinga1300
compassmentc1300
ordainingc1350
ordinancec1385
imaginationa1393
conjectmentc1400
before-castinga1425
forecastinga1425
imagininga1449
conjectinga1450
machinationc1550
platforming1560
plotting1593
contrivement1599
agitation1600
contrival1602
contrivage1610
projection1611
projectment1611
contrivance1647
politics1650
digestion1680
planning1730
contriving1751
scheme1790
scheming1813
schemery1822
replanning1853
mapping1856
macroplanning1966
1611 T. Coryate Odcombian Banquet sig. K3 It betrer sate With his proiection and intendements wise, To turne his Microcosme all into eyes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. iv. 46 Which of a weake and niggardly proiection, Doth like a Miser spoyle his Coat, with scanting A little Cloth. View more context for this quotation
1649 J. Lilburne Second Part of Englands New Chains in Leveller Tracts (1944) 177 Hereupon the whole frame of the design alters, and the matters in projection with them.
1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 142 After the projection of divers experiments.
1761 W. Bell Enq. Divine Missions i. ii. 68 There must have been, at the same time, a similar plot laid..in the projection and support of which, Zacharias and Elizabeth must have been jointly engaged.
1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleasure II. 230 The dead of the night..is generally my hour for projection.
1811 A. de Beauclerc Ora & Juliet IV. 23 He was endeavouring to abet the good plans that were in projection.
1813 T. Morton Education i. ii. 18 Over a venison chop and a batch of champaign we'll plan operations. That's the time for the projection of vigorous measures.
1838–9 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 107 The projection of a canal.
1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. i. xxi. 235 The whole plot appears of one projection, from the beginning down to the death of the suitors.
1872 E. Braddon Life in India v. 151 The projection of balls and parties dansantes.
b. Something projected or planned; a project, a scheme; a design, a proposal. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > a proposed plan or a project
propositiona1382
present?a1400
motiona1425
pleaa1500
action1533
propose1568
project1582
proposala1629
projection1633
party1653
projecture1658
scheme1719
ad referendum1753
swim1860
action plan1889
1633 T. Nabbes Totenham Court iii. ii The planting of hoppes was a rare projection in the Dutch.
1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie ii. sig. Uu5v Having withall good courages and high projections.
1674 Catholicon 9 My projection is..that this Stipulation should once be solemnly made.
1736 S.-Carolina Gaz. 29 May 1/2 An Act for the Encouragement of Mr. Peter Villepontoux in his Projection of a new Instrument for cleaning of Rice.
1753 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 108. ⁋13 Men are so frequently cut off in the midst of their projections.
1804 ‘E. de Acton’ Tale without Title III. 218 Many other airy projections, which vanished as soon as they were formed.
5.
a. An image or representation of an object formed on a surface (originally esp. the retina) from elsewhere; the action of forming such an image; (in later use) spec. the process of projecting an image on a film, slide, etc., on to a screen for viewing. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > projection > [noun]
projection1687
screen image1876
show1897
front projection1910
rear projection1913
back projection1933
projecting1959
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > [noun] > projecting on to screen
projection1897
screening1914
projecting1959
1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 318 The Moon being nigh the Horizon and look'd at thro' a more foggy Air, casts a weaker Light,..and therefore the Pupil does more inlarge itself, thereby transmitting a larger Projection on the Retina.
1796 J. Crisp Observ. Nature & Theory Vision ii. 44 They..consider the projections on the retina as being very distinct from the immediate objects of sight, and as constituting only a step in the process of vision.
1838 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 384 So long as the mind perceives the cube,..its various appearances will be but different representations of the same object..; but it is not so if the converse figure fixes the attention; the series of successive projections cannot then be referred to any figure to which they are all common, and the skeleton figure will appear to be continually changing shape.
1852 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 142 12 The instrument being held to the eyes,..each eye will see a reflected image of that projection of the object which would be seen by the same eye without the pseudoscope.
1864 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 327 His Deity is an inference from himself,—a projection of his own image on the walls of the universe.
1897 R. W. Paul Brit. Patent 4686/1896 1 I prefer to employ the following mechanism,..causing the film to be propelled instantaneously a small amount, after which it remains still for projection of the picture.
1912 F. A. Talbot Moving Pictures ix. 99 This second lens is used for the projection of lantern slides.
1953 L. J. Wheeler Princ. Cinematogr. vi. 193 Both lanterns must be accurately trained on the screen to give the appearance of continuous projection.
1977 G. W. H. Lampe God as Spirit ii. 36 The idea of creation being accomplished by God's word is a projection on to the cosmic plane of the human experience of being called and judged.
2004 New Yorker 25 Oct. 16/1 Flickering video projections of deer frolicking in the snow.
b. The action or process of making something audible at a distance; (also) the fact or condition of being so audible; projective quality of sound, acoustic penetration.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [noun] > projective quality
projection1889
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [noun] > timbre or quality > projective quality
projection1889
1889 Proc. Musical Assoc. 16th Session 56 Then with regard to projection of the voice... The theory was this, that as the voice rises in pitch the larynx descends.
1940 S. Lewis Bethel Merriday xi. 89 Your voice—your projection. Don't try to do it all with your throat; use your lungs; use your diaphragm for volume.
1977 Gramophone Dec. 1045/1 So fine was the earlier recording that the later one..is not necessarily an improvement, even if the sound has slightly more clarity and projection.
1977 Oxf. Times 16 Dec. 16 The Allegri Quartet..tested the viola and cello in exchanged positions. The increased projection of the viola was remarkable.
1991 Dateline Mag. Jan. 9 (advt.) ‘Improved Speaking’..takes you easily through vowels, consonants, voice projection, breathing posture, telephone manner, [etc.].
2004 Mod. Drummer June 33/1 A solid, all-around cymbal with a bright, full-bodied sound and lots of projection.
6.
a. The process of causing thoughts, ideas, or emotions to exist, or appear to exist, in the external world; an instance of this, a mental image visualized or regarded as a reality.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > [noun]
huea1000
imagination1340
imagea1393
portraiturea1393
trowc1460
fume1531
imaginary1594
phantasm1594
trajection1594
representationa1602
idolum1619
object1651
tablature1661
fancy1663
representamen1677
phantom1686
presentment1817
fantasy1823
projection1836
visuality1841
thought-picture1844
imago1863
vestige1885
1836 R. W. Emerson Spirit in Nature in Wks. (1906) II. 167 The world proceeds from the same spirit as the body of man. It is a..projection of God in the unconscious.
1838 R. W. Emerson Lit. Ethics Nature, etc. (1883) 157 The youth, intoxicated with his admiration of a hero, fails to see that it is only a projection of his own soul which he admires.
1877 Fraser's Mag. 15 107/1 Asgard fully appears as an anthropomorphistic projection of the human mind.
1886 E. Gurney et al. Phantasms of Living I. 390 The ‘hypnagogic’ hallucination was as truly the projection of the percipient's own mind as the dream.
1941 A. C. Bouquet Compar. Relig. v. 59 A deity who is the embodiment or projection of the gentle and benevolent friend.
1979 F. Jameson Fables of Aggression iii. 69 The expressionistic projection of the narrative situation.
2000 F. Watts in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 578/1 He sees God as a projection of the human mind, based on the human father figure.
b. Spiritualism and Parapsychology. = astral projection n. at astral adj. and n. Additions.
ΚΠ
1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. 286 What we must now do is to collect cases where there may probably have been some real projection of will or desire on the invader's part, leading to the projection of his phantasm in a manner recognisable by the distant friend whom he thus invades.
1961 C. J. Ducasse Crit. Exam. Belief in Life after Death iv. 141 Heautoscopic hallucinations (or ‘out-of-the-body’, or ‘projection’, experiences), namely, experiences in which a person observes his own body and its surroundings from a point in space external to it.
1964 Social Probl. 11 255/2 There actually are cultures with beliefs about the possibility of physical levitation over trees and the projection of the astral body through space.
2004 Prediction Apr. 27/1 IAC teach that first we have the physical, flesh and blood body and then the more subtle bodies used in projection: the ‘Psychosoma’ (the emotional body) and the ‘Mentalsoma’ (just thought).
c. Originally and chiefly Psychology. The unconscious transfer of one's desires or emotions to another person or some external object.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > transfer of feelings > [noun] > projection onto other
projection1909
introjection1916
1909 F. Peterson & A. A. Brill tr. C. G. Jung Psychol. Dementia Praecox iv. 87 By the method of outward projection [Ger. Projektion] they frequently place the responsibility on some foreign agency.
1923 J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist iv. 167 This projection, or interpretation of external reality in terms of one's self, is a curious and almost universal attribute of the human mind.
1924 J. Riviere tr. S. Freud Def. Neuro-psychoses in Coll. Papers I. ix. 180 In paranoia the reproach is repressed in a manner which may be described as projection; by the defence-symptoms of distrust directed against others being erected.
1950 T. S. Eliot Cocktail Party i. ii. 59 The man I saw before, he was only a projection—I see that now—of something that I wanted.
1975 K. R. Scherer et al. Human Aggression & Conflict iv. 117 Perhaps through the mechanism of complementary projection, they perceived the students to be particularly hostile, dangerous, and intent on overpowering the soldiers.
1981 P. Lomas Case for Personal Psychotherapy vii. 104 The psychoanalytic definition of ‘paranoia’ and ‘paranoid’ focuses on a single defensive mechanism, namely projection.
1992 Sciences Mar. 4/1 The capacity to tolerate different emotions without resorting to repression, denial, splitting or projection may have survival value.
2003 New Yorker 10 Feb. 41/2 In the world of intelligence, this is known as mirror-imaging: the projection of American values and behavior onto America's enemies and rivals.
d. Originally Theatre. The action of conveying a particular image or impression to others; the ability to impress one's presence on others, or to communicate one's character or personality; depiction, representation of (oneself or one's attributes).
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society > communication > manifestation > [noun] > of personality
projection1952
1952 Times 4 Jan. 7 Mr Denholm Elliott had perilously flattened his projection of the unhappy youth who is compelled to destroy whatever offers him the hope of security.
1955 Times 10 May 3/7 Attack, boldness, and what actors call ‘projection’ of the artist's personality, are undeniably all there.
1957 Economist 12 Oct. 130/1 This matter of ‘projection’ is taken very seriously. ‘He simply doesn't project’ can be as final a dismissal of political aspiration as the fact that a man is known to have beaten a whole series of wives.
1962 R. G. Boyd Communist China's Foreign Policy viii. 107 China's projection of herself as the strong power of Asia and as a resolute and successful opponent of the West.
1988 H. G. Edinger in J.-C. Seigneuret Dict. Lit. Themes I. 168 Their projection of themselves as primitive, natural artists..gained them reputations as anti-intellectuals.
1999 D. Galloway in J. C. Waldmeir & J. J. Waldmeir Crit. Response to Truman Capote iii. 150 Mailer's projection of himself as imperfect spokesman for his time.
2004 Independent 14 May (Review section) 12/2 The scene..in which he takes leave of his wife and family..is heartrending, mostly because of Bana's projection of stiff-backed fortitude.
7. Anatomy. The distribution within one part of the nervous system of connections with nerve fibres from another part; the representation of one part of the nervous system upon another by means of such connections. With on, upon, to. Also: a group or tract of such fibres; = projection system n. at Compounds 2. Cf. project v. 11.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > reception or transmission of impulses
reflection1836
irradiation1847
conduction1855
diffusion1859
projection1872
conductivity1881
fusion1892
facilitation1894
reciprocal innervation1896
chemoreception1901
photoreception1902
neurotropism1905
proprioception1906
cheirokinaesthesia1913
schema1920
recruitment1923
conductance1926
volley1928
rectification1941
supersensitivity1949
mechanoreception1958
neurotransmission1961
electroreception1963
phototransduction1972
somatotopy1976
1872 H. Power tr. T. Meynert in S. Stricker Man. Human & Compar. Histol. II. xxxi. 376 The mass of the animal body is represented in the brain by a twofold projection [Ger. Projection], on the one hand by the crusta, and on the other through the tegmentum of the crus cerebri.
1925 Jrnl. Neurol. & Psychopathol. 6 3 It is very probable that the projection of the retina on the primary centres in the ape is similar to that in man.
1936 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 64 7 The thalamic projection to the frontal cortex has occasioned much discussion.
1951 T. C. Ruch in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. iv. 136/1 The projection of the body surface upon the posteroventral nucleus of the thalamus was worked out in greater detail.
1973 W. J. S. Krieg Synoptic Functional Neuroanat. 4/2 In the pons..the cortical projections are broken into bundles, and many fibers form connections to the cerebellum here.
1990 European Jrnl. Neurochem. 2 500/2 Early..studies suggested that the globus pallidus..gives rise to a massive projection to the subthalamic nucleus.
8. Psychology. Spatial localization of a sensory impression; spec. (more fully eccentric projection) the attribution of a sensation to the periphery or exterior of the body. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > process of perception > localizing of sensation > [noun]
extradition1874
projection1887
1887 G. T. Ladd Elem. Physiol. Psychol. ii. vi. 387 The law of eccentric projection is generally stated thus: Objects are perceived in space as situated in a right line off the ends of the nerve-fibres which they irritate.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xvii. 41 The other cases of translocation of our sensations are equally easily interpreted without supposing any ‘projection’ from a centre at which they are originally perceived.
1892 C. C. Van Liew & O. Beyer tr. T. Ziehen Introd. Physiol. Psychol. iv. 77 By ‘eccentric projection’ we understand the fact that a sensation produced by the stimulation of the nerve-trunk instead of the nerve-ends is regularly attributed to irritation of the peripheral ramifications of the nerve.
1972 Encycl. Psychol. III. 47/1 Projection, eccentric, the introspective observation that sensory experiences are usually localised outside the body at the same position as the stimulus object... Thus the blue is seen as on the sky rather than in the retina.
9. Chiefly Economics. The action of forecasting or estimating future events, esp. based on current trends or data; an instance of this; a prediction, a forecast.
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society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > forecast
projection1935
1935 Columbia Law Rev. 35 16 Condorcet..produced elaborate mathematical formulae for determining the probability of occurrence or non-occurrence of various legal events... His approach may be characterized as that of hypothetical projection a priori.
1939 Amer. Econ. Rev. 29 5 Projection based on the maximum annual trend increment for 1923.
1952 Economist 30 Aug. 526/1 The FBI's figure..amounts almost exactly in total to a direct projection of the sharp upward trend in consumption during 1950 and 1951.
1969 Times 4 Sept. 7 The eminent thinker acknowledges that economic performance is not conclusive but insists that it furnishes the basic structure and framework of power. Here is his G.N.P. projection for 1980.
1988 G. Naylor Mama Day 62 And there you were, offering me your projections about the future.
1994 Entrepreneur Dec. 93/1 When the idea of alternate fuel automobiles was first introduced, it seemed freakish, like some farfetched projection of a few eccentric scientists' imaginings for the distant future.
2000 N.Y. Times 6 July a25/5 There is a pervasive retraction of mountain glaciers worldwide... The projection is that if the trend continues, by the end of this century many of the glaciers will have simply disappeared.
Compounds
C1. General attributive and objective.
projection dynamics n.
ΚΠ
1953 C. E. Osgood Method & Theory Exper. Psychol. vi. 229 (heading) Projection dynamics in perception.
1957 C. E. Osgood in J. Bruner Contemp. Approaches to Cognition 78 There are many so-called perceptual phenomena that will probably be shown to depend upon projection mechanisms and hence be entirely predictable from knowledge of the stimulus and knowledge of projection dynamics.
1995 Jrnl. Mathematical Physics 36 5744 Evolution of high dissipative systems being near thermodynamic equilibrium is conventionally described in terms of the projection dynamics.
projection phenomenon n.
ΚΠ
1884 Science Apr. 501 The familiar watering effect produced by superposed loose and regular fabrics, or by distant palings and lattice-works superposed by projection. We may find it convenient, in the following discussion, to refer to these by the general term of ‘projection phenomena’.
1942 Harvard Theol. Rev. 35 76 There is a great deal of repression, and this leads..to projection phenomena (especially in the form of phantasies that others are practicing witchcraft against one).
1962 Henderson & Gillespie Text-bk. Psychiatry xii. 294 When a failure of repression occurs the paranoid symptoms develop as projection phenomena.
1981 H. Markus & J. Smith in N. Cantor & J. F. Kihlstrom Personality, Cognition, & Soc. Interaction iv. x. 238 Explanations of the projection phenomenon are complicated by studies that show that under some circumstances individuals will attribute to others not the same trait they possess but rather a different trait or its complement.
projection screen n.
ΚΠ
1909 Times 29 Nov. 12/4 Behind the projection screen, on the side away from the spectators, a dark chamber is formed.
1915 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 12 660 The effect of motion pictures on the eye at different distances from the projection screen.
1946 A. Koestler Thieves in Night 170 You are fond of people..as projection-screens for your own feelings.
2003 T3 Mar. 38/1 The kids are..playing PlayStation games on the big projection screen.
projection surface n.
ΚΠ
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. ii. 59 The entire cortex being, according to him [sc. Munk], nothing but a projection-surface for sensations, with no exclusively or essentially motor part.
1965 Focal Encycl. Photogr. (rev. ed.) II. 1207/1 There are also patented screens in which the projection surface is composed of vertical lenticular prisms, or of spherical lenticular elements.
1999 Micrographics: Vocab.: Part 5 (B.S.I.) 6/2 Focusing. Adjustment of the relative positions of the object, the lens and the photographic film to obtain the sharpest possible image on the sensitive surface or on the projection surface.
projection work n.
ΚΠ
1905 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 May 1154 A room..fitted-up for electrometer, photo-micrographic and other ‘projection’ work.
1967 Times 16 May 5/3 (advt.) New accessories..for more powerful illumination, projection work and photo-micrography.
1992 J. C. Raymondo Population Estimation & Projection iv. 75 Most estimation and projection work is done at smaller levels of geography.
2004 M. Lovejoy Digital Currents v. 189 A wall-sized projection work in two sections in which the viewer can select words and phrases from changing streams of language and explore different avenues of imagery.
C2. † projection maker n. Obsolete a person who transmutes metals by projection; an alchemist.† projection measurement n. Obsolete rare a measurement of the distance between two lines by projecting them on to a surface.
projection booth n. = projection room n. (a).
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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > projection > [noun] > projection room or booth
projection room1914
projection booth1917
projection box1927
1917 Fort Wayne (Indiana) News 23 Mar. 3/1 [He] slides on a tight rope from the cinema projection booth at the very tip top of the great gallery, down onto the stage.
1929 F. Green Film finds its Tongue xviii. 249 Out in the theatre, sitting in the audience, is an Observer. He has a telephone that leads to the projection booth.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 45 (advt.) Recreation area consisting of large family room with..projection booth and screen for home movie entertainment.
1991 A. Enright Portable Virgin (1992) 173 The cinema projectionist in Frank's home town was often drunk. When he was thrown out by his wife he slept the night in the projection booth.
projection box n. = projection room n. (a).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > projection > [noun] > projection room or booth
projection room1914
projection booth1917
projection box1927
1927 Iowa City Press-Citizen 9 Feb. 2/2 The film caught fire, flames shooting out of the projection box and scorching the ceiling.
1966 P. O'Donnell Sabre-tooth iv. 67 The projection box was equipped with a kershaw filmstrip and slide projector.
2002 Observer (Nexis) 3 Nov. (Review section) 1 He..worked for two days to rig the screen and create a soundproof projection box within the ornate concert hall.
projection fibre n. Anatomy a nerve fibre connecting one part of the nervous system with another (esp. the cerebral cortex with a more peripheral part).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve fibre > types of
axis-cylinder1839
axis-band1877
projection fibre1879
radiation1884
associating fibres1885
1879 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 6 649 With the development of these highest projection fibres the cerebral hemispheres gradually encroached on the independency of the lower ganglia.
1920 S. W. Ranson Anat. Nerv. Syst. xviii. 297 Many of the fibers of the medullary white center connect the cerebral cortex with the thalamus and lower lying portions of the nervous system. These are known as projection fibers, and may be divided into two groups according as they convey impulses to or from the cerebral cortex.
1994 Neurosci. 58 389 The basolateral amygdaloid nucleus..has been known to send projection fibers to the prelimbic and dorsal agranular insular areas in the prefrontal cortex.
projection lens n. the objective lens in a film or slide projector, which projects an enlarged image.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > object glass
object-glass1663
object plate1664
object lens1693
objective1835
Stanhoscope1866
projection lens1894
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > projection > [noun] > apparatus for projecting films > parts of
sprocket1879
projection lens1894
cut-off1906
gate1909
claw1911
take-up1915
douser1917
sound gate1931
sound head1931
pull-down1933
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > [noun] > projecting on to screen > projector > parts of
tinter1891
projection lens1894
lamp-house1912
slide carrier1953
flash-meter1957
slide changer1959
1894 Proc. Royal Soc. 56 135 S is an adjustable slit, M a projection lens, [etc.].
1931 Movie Makers Feb. 109/1 Here is a new series of 16mm. projection lenses that possess exceptionally large front apertures.
1992 RS Components: Electronic & Electr. Products July 984/1 The top projection lens and arm folds away inside the body of this full-size portable projector.
ΚΠ
1680 J. J. Becher (title) Magnalia naturæ: or, the philosophers-stone lately expos'd to publick sight and sale,..how Wenceslaus Seilerus, the late famous projection-maker..made away with a very great quantity of pouder of projection, by projecting with it before the Emperor.
ΚΠ
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Projection measurement, distance between lines tangent to opposite sides of the body, measured vertically to a given plane.
projection printer n. Photography and Manufacturing Technology an apparatus for projection printing (originally of photographs).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > processing and printing equipment > [noun] > printer
printing frame1855
printer1912
projection printer1927
optical printer1944
1927 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 10 May 24/6 (advt.) Kodak projection printer. A bargain.
1965 M. J. Langford Basic Photogr. xviii. 324 The term ‘enlarger’ although common usage, is deceptive. ‘Projection printer’ is the more accurate description of an optical device to give prints both larger and smaller than the original negative.
1980 Economist (Nexis) 13 Sept. 106 The manufacturing challenge is to print, as cheaply as possible, hundreds of tiny chips..on to a wafer of pure silicon... The standard equipment is a projection printer... This uses a lens to project an image on to the wafer.
2002 Video Business (Nexis) 1 June 71 Modern projection printers have equaled the throughput, and far surpassed the resolution and overlay accuracy of the most advanced contact print systems.
projection printing n. Photography and Manufacturing Technology printing in which an image is projected on to a sensitized surface (which in photography enables prints larger or smaller than the negative to be made).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [noun] > printing > types of
sun painting1839
sun-printing1853
surface process1865
contact printing1876
silver-printing1878
pigment printing1879
bromide printing1885
printing out1889
screen process1890
gaslight printing1899
projection printing1923
1923 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 70 350 The remaining factor in contact printing is the distance between the light and the negative... The question of printing distance operates equally in projection printing.
1974 A. Feininger Darkroom Techniques II. 51 Unlike contact printing,..projection printing allows a photographer a considerable amount of control as far as the final appearance of the print is concerned.
1977 Business Week (Nexis) 4 Oct. 94 d The success of projection printing may have set the stage for its own demise by making electron-beam masks more attractive.
2004 Photo Marketing (Nexis) 1 Nov. 30 In my opinion, projection printing is on its way out.
projection room n. (a) a room in a cinema or film studio which contains the projector and its operators, and from which the film is projected; (b) a room in which films are shown.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > projection > [noun] > projection room or booth
projection room1914
projection booth1917
projection box1927
1914 R. Grau Theatre of Sci. iii. 48 The fixture and office furniture are of massive mahogany and plate glass and the projection room is the last word in luxurious splendor.
1930 Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. 29 Mar. 7/4 A fire occurred in the projection room of the Swan Cinema.
1975 Lang. for Life (Dept. Educ. & Sci.) xxv. 425 Almost a quarter of the schools had a projection room.
2005 Arena May 112/3 The visuals are captured by a camcorder set up at the screening, with sound patched in directly from the projection room.
projection rule n. Linguistics (in transformational grammar) a rule for relating the semantic structure associated with a lexical item to the syntactic structure or structures in which it is used; (sometimes more spec.) a rule for obtaining the semantic value of a whole sentence by combining the semantic values of its parts in accordance with its grammatical structure.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > change of word order or position > specifically in transformational grammar > transformational rule > specific
production1960
rewrite rule1960
rewriting rule1961
projection rule1962
morphographemic rule1965
readjustment rule1967
1962 J. J. Katz & P. M. Postal Integrated Theory Ling. Descr. iii. 64 The set of projection rules of a semantic component is..an unordered set. Each rule applies when the conditions of its application are met, and no two rules apply in the same case because no two rules have the same conditions of application.
1977 Language 53 93 I assume..that semantic representations are complex objects, related to different aspects of syntactic structure by means of ‘projection rules’, or ‘interpretive rules’, of different types.
1988 J. J. Katz Cogitations vi. 84 The projection rule applies to its own output as many times as is necessary to assign a semantic representation to each constituent, including the full sentence.
projection system n. [after German Projectionssystem (T. Meynert 1872, in S. Stricker Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen und der Thiere (1872) II. xxxi. 697; now Projektionssystem)] Anatomy a group of nerve fibres conveying impulses to another part of the nervous system.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > [noun] > specific
sympathetic1808
central nervous system1826
reflex arc1833
projection system1872
autonomic1908
parasympathetic1916
C.N.S.1932
neuroeffector1937
1872 H. Power tr. T. Meynert in S. Stricker Man. Human & Compar. Histol. II. xxxi. 372 Since now this organization effects the content of the sensory shell of the cortex of the cerebrum with various forms of sensory impressions derived from the outside world, the image of which is coincidently projected upon the cortex, the name of projection system [Ger. Projectionssystem] is very appropriate to this great segment of the nervous system.
1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. xxix. 760/1 A large proportion of the responses recorded under chloralose, an agent that renders the nervous system abnormally sensitive to sensory stimuli, was mediated by the nonspecific projection system.
1989 C. R. Legg Issues in Psychobiol. (BNC) 6 The hippocampus and its subcortical projection system, the fornix.
projection test n. Psychology a test designed to reveal unconscious elements of personality by responses to words or images.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > testing of personality > [noun] > projective test
Thematic Apperception Test1935
projection test1946
TAT1946
projective1950
1946 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 51 43 The results of the other projection tests..agree in the demonstration of strong evidences of inhibition, frustration and conflict.
1967 J. M. Argyle Psychol. Interpersonal Behaviour i. 18 In ‘projection tests’ subjects are asked to tell a story about people shown in rather vaguely-drawn pictures... There is considerable doubt over the validity of such projection tests, and they cannot be said to provide very good predictions.
1996 Brit. Food Jrnl. (Nexis) 98 39 A blend of product prompts, questionnaires and projection tests were used to solicit information.
projection weld n. a weld made by projection welding.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding > joint made by > types of
rust joint1839
butt weld1850
jump-weld1864
jump-joint1874
tee-joint1888
spot weld1908
tack weld1919
seam weld1920
fillet weld1929
fusion weld1930
braze1934
projection weld1938
flash weld1959
1938 Procedure Handbk. Arc Welding (ed. 5) ii. 50 Spot and Projection Welds.
1961 J. A. Oakes Welding Engineer's Handbk. xxiii. 249 In cases where the projection welds have to be made on a narrow flange it is an advantage to use an elongated projection.
1995 Advocate (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) (Nexis) 19 July 12 a The tanks may have one or more pairs of projection welds that may fracture in a collision.
projection-weld v. transitive to weld by projection welding.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > weld > with specific technique
seam1703
jump1864
tack1887
spot weld1908
seam-weld1917
tack weld1919
lead-burn1937
projection-weld1950
micro-weld1965
1950 Hipperson & Watson Resistance Welding iii. 88 Unequal thicknesses of sheet may be projection welded.
1980 L. M. Gourd Princ. Welding Technol. xi. 167 Reinforcing rings are frequently projection-welded around holes in sheet-metal tanks.
projection-welded adj. welded by projection welding.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > other states or forms
well-attempereda1460
sheet1582
unstamped1622
unplanished1683
shotten1766
calciform1782
spongy1807
cored1865
glazed1874
stamped1879
unwelded1885
solid-drawn1888
siliconized1920
inoculated1923
deep-drawn1925
stress-relieved1925
projection-welded1933
roll-formed1935
over-aged1953
scalped1958
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > welded > in specific manner
butt-welded1848
lap-welded1848
three-iron1892
spot-welded1921
fusion-welded1930
projection-welded1933
microwelded1963
1933 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 18 Dec. 18/6 (advt.) Roller skates, stream line, nickeled projection welded, guaranteed.
1980 L. M. Gourd Princ. Welding Technol. xi. 166 (caption) Examples of projection-welded details.
projection welder n. an apparatus for projection welding.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > welding equipment
welder1896
spot welder1908
seam welder1921
welding torch1921
stitch welder1934
projection welder1946
1946 Philips Resistance Welding Handbk. i. 15 Owing to the number of spots, projection welders are of a higher kVA. than normal spot welders.
1968 Romans & Simons Welding Processes & Technol. v. 39 The majority of projection welders are operated by compressed air.
1988 Jrnl. Commerce (Nexis) 6 July 8 b Spot and projection welders.
projection welding n. a method of welding in which projecting points in the components are used as welding sites.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding > types of
butt welding1878
lead burning1886
arc welding1890
thermite process1905
thermite welding1906
resistance welding1908
spot welding1908
seam welding1917
fusion welding1918
projection welding1918
stud welding1918
metal arc welding1926
pressure welding1926
metallic arc welding1927
flash-butt welding1933
flash welding1933
stitch welding1934
rightward welding1936
block welding1943
submerged-arc welding1945
friction welding1946
T.I.G.1960
microwelding1962
1918 D. T. Hamilton & E. V. Oberg Electric Welding iii. 119 The welding of sheet metal is not restricted to one spot at a time, as any reasonable number of welds can be made at one operation by the method known as ‘point-’ or ‘projection-welding’.
1975 G. Bram & C. Downs Manuf. Technol. ii. 63 In projection welding the component is shaped to provide localised current flow, concentrating the welding heat at the areas of projection.
1994 Appliance (Nexis) Apr. 6 In projection welding, the procedure is designed to concentrate the thermal energy of the welding process locally and to complete the operation before the welding heat can spread to surrounding areas.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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