projectn.

Brit.

/ˈprɒdʒɛkt/, U.S.

/ˈprɑˌdʒɛk(t)/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s proiecte, 1500s–1600s proiect, 1500s– project, 1600s projecte; Scottish pre-1700 proget, pre-1700 1700s– project, 1800s projeck (Shetland), 1900s– progjek (Shetland).

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōiectum; Latin prōiectus; Latin prōiect-, prōicere.

Etymology: Apparently partly < classical Latin prōiectum projecting structure (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also something uttered (4th or 5th cent. in Jerome; use as noun of neuter singular of prōiectus , past participle of prōicere project v.), partly (as in sense 4) < classical Latin prōiectus fact of extending beyond a surface or edge, projection ( < prōiect- , past participial stem of prōicere + -tus , suffix forming verbal nouns), and partly directly < classical Latin prōiect-, past participial stem of prōicere; none of these, however, account fully for sense 1 (and senses derived from it), and this is perhaps after Middle French projetter , projecter to plan (see project v.), or perhaps (in spite of the chronology) after either project v. or Middle French proiect , projet plan (1470 as pourget ; French projet , †project ; < projetter ). Compare Italian progetto (1553; < Middle French proiect , projet ), Spanish proyecto plan (mid 16th cent.). Compare project adj.

†1.

a. A plan, draft, scheme, or table of something; a tabulated statement; a design or pattern according to which something is made. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example

byseningc1175

mirrora1300

samplera1300

formc1384

calendarc1385

patternc1425

exemplar?a1439

lighta1450

projectc1450

moul1565

platform1574

module1608

paradigma1623

specimen1642

butt1654

paradigm1669

type1847

fore-mark1863

model1926

society > communication > record > list > [noun] > tabular

wax-bredc960

tablement1551

project1588

map1626

tablature1740

scale1780

tabulation1837

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3331 (MED) Sire Darius awen dyademe; þai did on his hede..On þe propurest of proiecte þat euire prince bere.

1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum iii. ix. 118 This being as a proiect or table of a common wealth truely laide before you.

1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) ii. vii. 225 I will now aduenture to run thorow all the sortes of Manslaughters and Felonies..which (for the more light) I haue bestowed in this proiect (or Table) folowing.

1600 (title) A projecte, conteyninge the state, order, and manner of governmente of the University of Cambridge. As now it is to be seene.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 535 Many other plots and projects there doe remaine of his [sc. Parasius] drawing [L. multa graphidis vestigia].

1627 M. Wren Serm. 6 My sonne, love God; or, My sonne, praise God; or, My sonne, obey God;..My sonne, feare God, is a Project and Promise of them all.

1696 J. Dennis Remarks Prince Arthur iv. 17 The Action of the Poem ought to be one not only in the Plan of the Fable and in the first Project, but likewise after the Imposition of Names, and after the framing the Episodes.

b. A mental conception, idea, or notion; speculation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun]

thoughtOE

thingOE

conceita1393

imagea1393

concept1479

conception1526

suppositiona1529

idee1542

idea1585

conceivement1599

project1600

representationa1602

notion1607

phantasma1620

conceptus1643

species1644

notice1654

revolution1675

representamen1677

vorstellung1807

brain-stuff1855

ideation1876

think1886

artefact1923

construct1933

mind1966

the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > [noun]

speculative1412

speculationa1450

theory1668

project1727

ideology1813

ideologizing1861

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. iii. 29 Flattring himselfe in proiect of a power, Much smaller then the smallest of his thoughts.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 55 She cannot loue, Nor take no shape nor proiect of affection, She is so selfe indeared.

1606 J. Clapham Hist. Great Britannie 184 So that I am forced..to fill up blancks with conjectures or projects of mine owne invention.

1727 D. Defoe Acct. Scotl. 152 A great deal of project and fancy may be employed to find out the ancient shape of the Church.

a. A planned or proposed undertaking; a scheme, a proposal; a purpose, an objective.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > a proposed plan or a project

propositiona1382

present?a1400

motiona1425

pleaa1500

action1533

propose1568

project1582

proposala1629

projection1633

party1653

projecture1658

scheme1719

ad referendum1753

swim1860

action plan1889

1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xiii. 81 Somtime it [sc. war] sendeth vs trew reports, either priuatelie in proiects and deuises, that be entended, or publikelie in euents.

1589 A. Munday Hist. Palmendos xiii. f. 43^v Thys was the proiect of Arnedes resolution, which in secrete he imparted to his Cozin Recind.

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. §3. 172 Orators, whose proiect is persuasion.

1623 T. Scott High-waies of God 80 All our Proiects of draining surrounded grounds.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 266 We considered of that most hellishly, cunning compacted, three-fold project, that by you was propounded to us in your last.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 22 New Projects were every day set on foot for Money, which serv'd only to offend, and incense the People.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 5. ¶3 There was actually a Project of bringing the New-River into the House, to be employed in Jetteaus and Water-works.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. x. 202 Henry Crawford was full of ideas and projects, and, generally speaking, whatever he proposed was immediately approved.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. Proem 6 We Florentines were too full of great building projects to carry them all out in stone and marble.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §6. 326 The moral support which the project was expected to receive from the Parliament.

1925 A. Toynbee Surv. Internat. Affairs 1920–23 31 Mr. Lloyd George broached to the French delegation his project for a Pact of Non-aggression.

1998 Garden Answers Sept. 17/2 David's latest project is to create a log garden, using great chunks from an old beech tree..and building raised beds around them.

b. Education. An exercise in which school or college students study a topic, either independently or in collaboration, over an extended period; a piece of research work undertaken by a student or group of students.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > project or activity

discipline1785

project1916

activity1923

1916 D. Snedden in School & Society 16 Sept. 420/2 Some of us began using the word ‘project’ to describe a unit of educative work in which the most prominent feature was some form of positive and concrete achievement.

1942 B. Clements et al. Projects for Junior School: Teachers' Bk. i. 5 When working out a project the teacher gives help only when and where necessary, since the basic principle of modern teaching is child activity and teacher guidance.

1959 Housewife June 16 Cristy, who in one crowded summer, enjoys a library reading project, a visit to a Kansas farm and a course in baby care.

1961 S. J. Curtis & M. E. A. Boultwood Short Hist. Educ. Ideas (ed. 3) xx. 580 Not only were large-scale projects on such topics as ‘Conservation’ and ‘Pan-Americanism’ undertaken by many schools—often all the schools of an area—as part of the curriculum, but, in addition, community service by school children became common.

1994 Animals' Voice Fall 41/3 Thank you very much for your help on my school project on animal abuse... I have included a pamphlet that I created on puppy mills.

2000 J. S. Jones Welsh Boys Too 18 You talked about your class project on the Penrhyn Quarry at Bethesda.

c. In business, science, etc.: a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [noun] > a co-operative enterprise

project1916

society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > co-operative or collective

co-operation1817

co-operative society1821

combine1887

project1916

co-operative1921

collective1925

1916 Washington Post 2 Apr. 4 New York mechanical engineers associated with Prof. Parker in his engineering and research projects.

1951 W. H. Auden Nones (1952) 61 Thou shalt not worship projects nor Shalt thou or thine bow down before Administration.

1965 H. I. Ansoff Corporate Strategy ii. 17 CIT uses long-term profitability over the lifetime of the project as the yardstick for evaluation.

1988 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator 19 Apr. b3/1 The project..is expected to create 12 jobs, maintain three others and result in incremental sales of $3.5 million over the next five years.

2005 Metro (Toronto) 19 July 19/4 By day she is spear-heading an ambitious project at the University of Guelph to build Canada's most powerful proton microprobe.

d. North American. An urban block of apartments built and administered by the government for low-income tenants, typically perceived as dangerously crime-ridden. Frequently as the projects.housing project: see housing project n. at housing n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > block of flats or apartments

land1456

tenement1681

tenement house1858

barrack1862

mansions1868

apartment house1874

apartment building1883

single-decker1896

block dwellings1899

project1932

apartment block1955

condominium1962

condo1964

multi1973

1932 Amer. City Aug. 82/2 All housing projects should be large-scale developments.

1939 N.Y. Times 2 Mar. 4 The lower-income groups could not afford to live in the projects, and, as a result, the housing program would not help those who needed it most.

1966 Listener 29 Sept. 454/1 Jim lives in one of a group of fifteen-storey-high buildings that make up a project, a city-owned housing estate. A family can rent an apartment cheaply in a project if it has a low income. Officially intended to replace the slum neighbourhoods of ten years ago, the projects are stark, anonymous, all-brick slums now.

1974 J. Willwerth Jones: Portrait of Mugger iv. 49 The projects..are poorly designed and vastly overcrowded—black leaders sometimes call them ‘vertical prisons’.

2004 E. Conlon Blue Blood xii. 468 It was easier to picture her in a bathrobe, rye and soda in hand, dusting the knickknack shelf.., than it was to imagine her scoring crack in the projects.

†3. Something projected or thrown out; a projection, an emanation (of some being or thing). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [noun]

projecture1563

jutting1565

project1596

juttying1611

prominence1611

excursiona1626

extancy1644

outjetty1650

projection1664

projecting1726

jetting1754

saliency1834

salience1849

protrusion1853

prominency1871

pout1880–4

out-thrust1955

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [noun] > of intangible things or particles from an object > that which

streamc1374

expiration1576

project1596

deflux1603

defluxion1603

effluence1603

resultation1603

resultance1611

resultancy1613

effluxion1625

effluency1646

emanation1646

efflux1647

issue1659

emission1664

offshoot1674

elapsea1677

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan

redeeOE

devicec1290

casta1300

went1303

ordinancec1385

intentc1386

imaginationa1393

drifta1535

draught1535

forecast1535

platform1547

ground-plat?a1560

table1560

convoy1565

design1565

plat1574

ground-plota1586

plot1587

reach1587

theory1593

game1595

projectment1611

projecting1616

navation1628

approach1633

plan1635

systema1648

sophism1657

manage1667

brouillon1678

speculationa1684

sketch1697

to take measures1698

method1704

scheme1704

lines1760

outline1760

measure1767

restorative1821

ground plan1834

strategy1834

programme1837

ticket1842

project1849

outline plan1850

layout1867

draft1879

dart1882

lurk1916

schema1939

lick1955

1596 T. Lodge Diuel Coniured f. Di^v Architas Doue, Dedalus Laborinth, both but the Proiects of wit, were held Magicall and admirable.

1599 R. Fenton Answere W. Alablaster vii. 35 An apprehension, censure, and proiect from the intelligence of sensible occurrents, both in naturall and ciuill bodies.

1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor iii. i. sig. F2 Oh beauty is a Proiect of some power, Chiefely when oportunitie attends her.

1849 G. Dawson Shaks. & Other Lect. (1888) 416 The house should be a project of the creature who inhabits it.

†4. The fact of being thrown out or put forth. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 535 The said branches immediatly from their project [L. proiectu] must rise somewhat vpright in maner of fingers, standing forth from the palm of ones hand.

†5. Something thrown; a projectile, a missile. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > missile discharged from weapon

shotc893

shotec1330

projectile1654

outcast1674

project1675

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shot collectively > of cannon > a ball, etc., from cannon

project1675

projectile1729

1675 E. Sherburne in tr. M. Manilius Sphere App. 126 Some Tentamina de Motu Penduli & Projectorum; In which there being some Ingenious Debates about..the Theory of Pendulums for the exact measuring of Time, and..Equations of great Ingenuity suited to the Motion thereof, and of Projects.

1684 Minutes Dublin Soc. 7 July in T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. (1757) IV. 323 Mr. Molyneux explained a contrivance of his own for demonstrating to the eye the figure, wherein projects do move.

1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos Pref. sig. b The Doctrine of the Motion of Projects, particularly applied to Gunnery and Throwing of Bombs.

a1728 T. Weston tr. Galileo Math. Disc. (1730) iv. 385 Among those Projects, which we make Use of..if they are of a lighter Matter.., their Track or Path will not sensibly deviate from the Curve of a Parabola.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Projectile, or Project, in Mechanics, a heavy Body put in Motion by an external Force.

1739 R. Heslsham Course Lect. Nat. Philos. xi. 188 Point T is equally distant from A, where the project begins its motion, and from B, where the motion of the project ceases.

†6. Geometry. The projection (projection n. 2) of a figure on to a surface. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [noun] > geometrical relation > projection

projecting1616

projecture1616

projectiona1652

project1807

1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 159 [A] set of theorems, relating to projects made on any given inclined planes.

Compounds

General attributive and objective (chiefly in sense 2).

project approach n.

ΚΠ

1952 Internat. Organization 6 29 The ‘project approach’ dominated the first several years of WHO's relationships with member states.

1973 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 4 Sept. 5/6 We are endeavoring to try appropriation cases on a project approach.

1992 Oxfam News Summer 8/2 The project marks an important step forward in development thinking, a shift from the ‘project approach’ where Third World initiatives are supported with funding, to ‘networking’: helping groups to talk to each other.

project architect n.

ΚΠ

1934 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 8 Nov. ii. 1/2 Architectural plans for the 40 dwellings.., completed by Joseph Weston of El Monte, project architect, have been approved.

1999 Building Design 13 Aug. 36/3 (advt.) Prior Manton Tuke Powell seek an experienced project architect to join our team involved with a £9m private sector hospital new-build/refurbishment project.

project area n.

ΚΠ

1924 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 16 Sept. 1/7 Such an amount of water as may be necessary to supply the deficiency not supplied for the project area from the Carson river.

1952 Times 3 Oct. 4/3 Each state has been allotted a project area where roads, bridges, or canals will be built.

1997 Economist 1 Feb. 124/1 (advt.) Educational Advisor... Responsibilities: To survey the project areas..and on the basis of the survey result..develop an educational project development plan.

project book n.

ΚΠ

1927 Decatur (Illinois) Daily Rev. 1 Jan. 2/2 The hay was turned over to my father..and a value was put on it to record in the project book.

1947 A. Einstein Music Romantic Era xiii. 181 The scheme for the composition of such a work is found in Schumann's ‘project-book’.

1976 Columbus (Montana) News 10 June (Fair Bk. Suppl.) 18/1 Those exhibiting must have the project books up to date and be enrolled in the project and unit in which they are exhibiting.

1999 Needlecraft Mar. 56/1 From the start she was determined it wasn't to be just another project book cashing in on the fashion for reproducing Victorian samplers.

project engineer n.

ΚΠ

1911 Amer. Econ. Rev. 1 14 Even more important to the economic success of the farmers is the service of the project engineer.

1931 F. L. Eidmann Econ. Control Engin. & Manuf. iv. 45 In plants where the engineering projects are large,..it has been found that a very good way of handling the work is to assign one engineer to the task of ‘living’ with the job from start to finish... This engineer is known as a ‘project engineer’ in some organizations.

1973 Times 12 Nov. 28/8 Let us see the professionals all take a greater share of responsibility if a project is to be a success instead of leaving it to the ‘jack of all trades’—the project engineer.

2003 Advocate (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) (Nexis) 7 May He..worked as project engineer on many power plants throughout the world.

project house n.

ΚΠ

1947 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 24 Apr. 4/3 The total cost of project houses includes the cost of land.

1967 G. Jackson Let. Nov. in Soledad Brother (1971) 139 I thought most blacks..understood..that these places were built with us in mind, just as were the project houses, unemployment offices, and bible schools.

1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 July 14 The project house in which teenage Elvis Presley grew up.

project housing n.

ΚΠ

1953 Syracuse (N.Y.) Post-Intelligencer 2 May 1/2 The rate for FHA-insured mortgages had been..4 per cent on large scale project housing.

1970 D. Goldrich et al. in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. v. 182 Those invaders who could qualify by ‘normal’ criteria for project housing would receive it.

1994 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 59 899/1 The commissioners..had discretion to allow tenants whose eviction had been ordered by the eviction board to stay in project housing.

2002 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 15 Apr. b1 But it's a narrow band of gentrification... Behind the commercial strip, the rows and rows of project housing remain.

project method n.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [noun] > other methods of teaching

demonstration1742

bear-leading1766

royal road1793

tachydidaxy1846

object teaching1851

object system1862

methodic1864

community education1873

methodics1883

maieutics1885

type-system1901

direct method1904

spoon-feeding1905

play method1914

playway1914

project method1916

active learning1919

study skills1924

skit1926

free activity1929

hypnopaedia1932

sleep-teaching1932

chalk and talk1937

show-and-tell1941

demo1945

naming of (the) parts1946

team teaching1949

teleteaching1953

programming1954

audio-lingualism1961

immersion1965

dem1968

open learning1970

suggestopaedia1970

suggestopedy1970

distance learning1972

fast-tracking1972

paideia1982

tutorial1984

m-learning2001

1916 J. C. Moore in School Sci. & Math. Nov. 688 The project method in science is nothing new, though the name often calls forth an attack... The story of every great invention is the story of a project.

1943 H. Read Educ. through Art vii. 233 I am aware that serious criticisms have been made of the project method of teaching, but they seem to be based on a formless type of project.

1989 B. Spock & M. Morgan Spock on Spock ix. 112 The project method was in contrast to the traditional elementary school teaching of subjects such as arithmetic, reading, writing, and social studies in isolation from one another.

1996 E. D. Hirsch Schools we Need 253 Gloss. Very often the term ‘hands-on’ is an honorific term used to praise the progressivist ‘project method’ of education and to disparage a ‘whole-class instruction’.

project-monger n.

ΚΠ

1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 4 Some get their liuings..by their braines, as politicians, monopolists, proiect-mongers, suit-ioggers, and star-gazers.

?1713 J. Oldmixon Torism & Trade can never Agree 25 I challenge this Project-Monger to give me a better Reason for the giving up that Trade to France, than because the one are Papists and the other Protestants.

1905 Longman's Mag. July 262 The old project-monger beamed with her full moon face.

1988 Current Anthropol. 29 116/2 As long as this ‘project’-oriented view prevails, anthropologists..will be regarded as either superfluous or a nuisance to the project-mongers in their business.

project officer n.

ΚΠ

1933 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 6 Feb. 2 The John A. Preston community house is being partially remodeled..with Mrs. James H. Preston as project officer.

1948 Science 16 Jan. 51/1 The1947 operation was carried out under the leadeship of Capt. C. L. Engelman, Project Officer.

1973 R. Hayes Hungarian Game xxxi. 183 Generally speaking, sir, agents administer things, while Project Officers administer people.

2000 Building Design 11 Feb. 28/2 (advt.) A Project Officer is required in the office of the Surveyor to the University to assist the Deputy Surveyor (Architects).

project work n.

ΚΠ

1924 D. B. Leary in I. L. Kandel Twenty-five Years Amer. Educ. iv. 113 Now, particularly in the project work, both activities and aims are seen in terms of larger psychological reactions.

1958 Sunday Times 15 June 4/8 I want more, not less, practical mathematics in junior schools..and suitably graded mathematical project work in secondary schools.

1997 Independent 2 July 19/6 On Saturdays, meanwhile, the desperate scramble of teenagers with project work..can put off library users of other ages.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† projectadj.

Forms: late Middle English proiecte, late Middle English (in a late copy) 1600s proiect, 1600s project.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prōiectus.

Etymology: < classical Latin prōiectus lying outstretched or prone, prominent, projecting, rushing headlong, precipitate, abject, despised, use as adjective of past participle of prōicere project v. Compare project v., project n.

Obsolete.

I. As past participle.

1. Stretched out, extended.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > [adjective] > expanded or enlarged

openOE

outlargeda1425

dilatedc1450

dilate1471

project?a1475

ampliated1570

enlarged1599

widened1612

extended1713

expanded1742

broadened1744

dilatate1846

larged?a1919

upsized1977

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 295 (MED) This prouince, proiecte [L. projecta] by the longitude of the occean, hathe on the este to hit Turonea.

2. Given up, abandoned.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [adjective] > morally or spiritually ruined or lost > sunk in vice or abandoned

project?a1475

forsaken1572

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 87 (MED) Proiecte [L. projecti] in the lustes of lechery, [þei] haue grete delectacion in women.

II. In adjectival use.

3. Projecting outwards, protruding.

ΚΠ

1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia 46 The mouth lying vpward vpon the proiect corner of the Coronice.

4. Perhaps: forward-thrusting; self-assertive, impudent.Apparently a use peculiar to Chapman.

ΚΠ

1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois ii. 20 I would haue put that proiect face of his To a more test, than did her Dutchesship.

?1611 G. Chapman in tr. Homer Iliads iii. Comm. 78 For which yet his Criticus hath the project impudence to tax Homer.

?1624 G. Chapman tr. Hymn to Apollo in tr. Crowne Homers Wks. 44 With mindes proiect; exempt from list, or Lawe.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

projectv.

Brit.

/prəˈdʒɛkt/, U.S.

/prəˈdʒɛk(t)/,

/proʊˈdʒɛk(t)/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s proiecte, 1500s–1600s proiect, 1500s– project; U.S. regional (southern and south Midland) (in sense 1d) 1800s– projeck, 1800s– projick, 1900s– prodject, 1900s– projec', 1900s– projic'.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōiect-, prōicere.

Etymology: < classical Latin prōiect-, past participial stem of prōicere to throw forth, to throw or cast away, to reject, to cause to jut out, to cast (light, reflection), to stretch out, to banish, expel, to give up, abandon, in post-classical Latin also to display (5th cent. in Augustine), (in alchemy) to throw or cast (c1140–1418 in a British source) < prō- pro- prefix¹ + iacere to throw (see jactation n.); in branch I. apparently chiefly after Middle French projetter , projecter (French projeter ) to conceive or propose an idea or plan (c1400 as pourjeter , 1452 as projetter ), to take steps to put something into action (1495 as pourgecter ), alteration with prefix substitution (reinterpreted as pour- pur- prefix and subsequently Latinized: compare note at pro- prefix¹) of pourgetter to cast away, cast down (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as purjeter : see parget v.); compare also slightly earlier project n. 1a. Compare classical Latin prōiectāre , frequentative in the sense ‘to banish, expel’. Compare also Italian proiettare (a1496). Compare project adj., project n.

I. Senses relating to mental operations.

1. To plan, contrive, scheme.

a. transitive. To devise or design (an action, proceeding, scheme, or undertaking); to form a project of.Formerly often in negative sense ‘to plot, scheme’; now usually in neutral or positive sense ‘to plan as a project, make a project of’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)]

forethinkc897

bethinka1225

compass1297

contrivec1330

ordain1340

conjectc1380

imaginec1380

cast1382

ordaina1387

advisec1400

forecast1413

imagec1450

ordainc1450

project1477

foreminda1535

invent1539

aimc1540

practise1550

plat1556

trive1573

meditate1582

patterna1586

plot1589

platform1592

design1594

chew1600

forelay1605

to map out1618

to cut out1619

agitate1629

laya1631

plod1631

cut1645

calculate1654

concert1702

to scheme out1716

plan1718

model1725

to rough out1738

to lay out1741

plan1755

prethink1760

shape1823

programme1834

pre-plan1847

encompass1882

target1948

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [adjective] > to throw or cast a substance in or into, on, upon something

project1477

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 10 For to ymagine and proiecte [Fr. ymaginer] the deth of his neuewe Jason.

1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. ii. 88 The rest of the Legions..proiected warre in their minds [L. bellum meditabantur].

1671 I. Barrow Duty & Reward of Bounty 124 Thus hath God wisely projected, that all his Children should both effectually and quietly be provided for.

1679 J. Goodman Penitent Pardoned iii. iv. 308 Having projected the adjoining a neighbour Kingdom to his own dominions.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1664 (1955) III. 380 My Lord Chancellor..carried me..to see their Palace..& to project the Garden.

1708 Boston News-let. 15 Mar. 2/2 He is reported to be a dangerous Fellow, and suspected to be projecting some ill design with the French.

1733 E. Budgell Short Hist. Prime Ministers Great Brit. 28 He likewise projected the ruin of the Earl of Middlesex, then Lord Treasurer, and one of the King's most favoured Ministers.

a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) iii. 131 I projected and drew up a Plan for the Union.

1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 181 He was a critical writer, projecting a system to which he strictly adhered.

1865 G. Grote Plato I. iv. 137 Sketches projected but abandoned.

1886 H. James Bostonians I. xviii. 232 Another visit to the young man's rooms was projected.

1940 J. Buchan Memory Hold-the-Door v. 105 He and I projected a Child's History of South Africa, for which he was to do the drawings and I the verses.

1990 Bull. Hispanic Stud. 67 431/1 Such conclusions are the result of the kind of empirical research Ciplijauskaité had projected in a paper given at the 1983 AIH conference.

†b. transitive (with infinitive). To plan or scheme to do something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb] > plan to do something

lay1573

plota1586

to cast aboutc1590

to put into (also in) practice1592

plat1596

project1600

to lay abouta1618

to lay out1651

plan1718

1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 164 For that Emanuel of Portugal who had proiected to make the Prior King.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Yorks. 191 King Richard..presently projecting to repair himself by a new Marriage.

1713 C. Johnson Successful Pyrate i. i. 4 He wisely projected to transport himself, with a Cargo of Essence, Snuff and Powder, to the West Indies.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. I. iii. 228 He even projected to clothe the people whom he took along with him in some peculiar garments.

1810 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) II. 293 I project already to complain of the completeness of the detail.

1892 A. Austin Fortunatus the Pessimist ii. viii. 149 Then she fled..projecting to return And cozen you more femininely when The hope within her womb smiled on her breast.

†c. intransitive. To form a plan, design, or project; to scheme for something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (intransitive)]

purveyc1300

propose1340

castc1380

worka1393

purposea1400

devisec1400

becast1563

plot1607

factitate1616

project1631

to cast, lay a scheme1704

plan1776

to plan on1914

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre v. ii. 70 in Wks. II Two maine works I haue to prosecute: first, one is to inuent some satisfaction for the poore, kinde wretch,..yonder I see him comming, I will walke aside, and proiect for it.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. xiv. 308 About this time John Dudley Duke of Northumberland projected for the English Crown.

c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 64 The devil..projects and contrives against the church.

1756 W. Richardson Ess. Divine & Moral Subj. 224 We are..promising lasting advantages to ourselves: we are projecting, scheming, forming grand designs, and laying the foundations of future greatness.

d. intransitive. U.S. regional (chiefly southern and south Midland). To scheme, experiment; to meddle, fool, trifle; (also) to wander, esp. while looking for something; to prowl. Frequently with around, with. Sometimes in form projeck, projick.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > [verb (transitive)] > by trifling with

trifle with1523

sport1533

twaddle1797

palter1814

project1828

trivialize1846

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander > idly

roil?c1335

gada1500

stavera1500

vaguea1525

scoterlope1574

idle1599

haika1605

saunter1671

stravaig1801

palmer1805

streel1805

taver1808

traik1818

gander1822

gallivant1823

gilravage1825

project1828

daud1831

meander1831

to knock about1833

to kick about1839

to knock round1848

piroot1858

sashay1865

june1869

tootle1902

slop1907

beetle1919

stooge1941

swan1942

1828 J. Hall Lett. from West 290 A man who goes into the woods..has a..great deal of projecking to do, as well as hard work.

1845 W. T. Thompson Major Jones' Chron. Pineville 107 You see what comes of your projectin' about town, when you ought to be gwine home.

1891 ‘O. Thanet’ Otto the Knight & Other Stories 66 Quality liked projeckin' roun' de kitchin.

1893 H. A. Shands Some Peculiarities Speech Mississippi 51 Projicking, a word used by negroes and illiterate whites to mean fooling, trifling; as, ‘If you don't stop your projickin' with me, I'll lick you.’

1906 F. Lynde Quickening 135 Don't you know you oughtn't to go projecting around in the woods all alone?

1912 D. Marquis Danny's Own Story (2004) xviii. 130 Free or fouah dey bes' young colo'hed mens been projickin' aroun' dar all arternoon.

1929 W. Faulkner Sound & Fury 67 Is you been projecking with his graveyard?

1957 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 5 Feb. 8/1 It beats all get-out how some people are always tinkering and ‘projecking’ on how to do things different from the way most people do them.

1984 R. Wilder You All spoken Here 192 Projeckin', cutting up; frolicking; pranking; piddling.

†2. transitive. To put forth, set forth, exhibit; to present to expectation; to predict or demonstrate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > offering for inspection or consideration > offer for inspection or consideration [verb (transitive)]

i-taechec888

to lay … beforec1000

showlOE

givec1175

to lay outc1440

produce1459

propose1548

cite1549

product1563

broach1573

offer1583

to hold up1604

to bring in1608

project1611

to bring ona1715

to trot out1838

to bring up1868

muster1904

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vi. xvi. 218/1 The care that this good Emperour had for the weale of his Subiects is proiected by his prouidence in making waies passageable from place to place.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 117 I cannot proiect mine owne cause so well To make it cleare.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 68 When the South projects a stormy Day, And when the clearing North will puff the Clouds away.

1762 New Acct. Inhabitants, Trade, & Govt. Spain iii. 20 This man, who must be allowed a great genius, projected the revival of the Spanish power, and the recovery of the Italian dominions, at a time when the former was thought very difficult.

†3. transitive. To present to oneself in thought; to conceive, imagine. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > imagine or visualize [verb (transitive)]

seeOE

thinkOE

bethinkc1175

devise1340

portraya1375

imagec1390

dreama1393

supposea1393

imaginea1398

conceive?a1425

fantasyc1430

purposea1513

to frame to oneselfa1529

'magine1530

imaginate1541

fancy1551

surmit?1577

surmise1586

conceit?1589

propose1594

ideate1610

project1612

figurea1616

forma1616

to call up1622

propound1634

edify1645

picture1668

create1679

fancify1748

depicture1775

vision1796

to conjure up1819

conjure1820

envisage1836

to dream up1837

visualize1863

envision1921

pre-visualize1969

1612 R. Sheldon 1st Serm. after Conversion 4 By their ambitious thoughts, they proiected to themselues a Messias like some Soueraigne Lord.

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 45 Which (whatsoever some have projected) is unpossible.

II. Senses relating to physical operations, and extended and derived uses.

†4.

a. transitive. Chiefly Alchemy and Chemistry. To throw or cast (a substance) in, into, on, or upon something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to miscellaneous other processes

reduce?a1425

weaken1540

projecta1550

brown1570

spiritualize1593

colliquate1603

redisperse1621

imbibe1626

educe1651

to cant off1658

part1663

regalize1664

dint1669

roche1679

subtilizea1722

neutralize1744

develop1756

evolve1772

extricate1790

separate1805

unburn1815

leach1860

methylate1864

nitrate1872

nitre1880

sweeten1885

deflocculate1909

hybridize1959

a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 44^v We it call Our basilicke otherwise our Cockatrise..Whiche..so sleith crud mercurye When ther vppon it is proiect.

1597 tr. R. Bacon Mirror Alchimy vii. 15 Because also that spirituall Elixir..is so greatly prepared and decocted beyonde his nature, it is no maruaile that it cannot bee mixed with a body, on which it is proiected.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 125/1 Take five wallenuttes with their shelles, glowe them in the fyere, then proiecte them [Ger. wirffs] in a gobblet with oulde wine.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. i. sig. D The great medicine! Of which one part proiected on a hundred Of Mercurie, or Venus, or the Moone, Shall turne it, to as many of the Sunne.

1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) ii. ii. 353 When projected on red-hot nitre, it [sc. plumbago] should detonate.

1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 183 Five parts of flowers of sulphur and eight parts of iron borings are mixed together, and projected gradually into a red-hot crucible.

1873 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 163 308 The chloride of thallium..is dried, mixed with pure carbonate of sodium, and projected by small portions at a time into pure cyanide of potassium.

b. intransitive. Alchemy. To throw or cast powdered philosopher's stone into a crucible of molten metal in order to effect its transmutation into gold or silver. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [verb (intransitive)] > transmutation

multiplya1393

project1612

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B2^v You must be chiefe? as if you, onely, had The poulder to proiect with?

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. ii. sig. D2 My onely care is, Where to get stuffe, inough now, to proiect on This towne will not halfe serue me.

1680 J. J. Becher (title) Magnalia naturæ: or, the philosophers-stone lately expos'd to publick sight and sale,..how Wenceslaus Seilerus, the late famous projection-maker..made away with a very great quantity of pouder of projection, by projecting with it before the Emperor.

†5. transitive. To throw or cast away; to reject. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject

awarpc1000

forwerpeOE

warpc1000

nillOE

warnc1300

reprovec1350

to put abacka1382

to throw awaya1382

repugnc1384

to put awaya1387

waivec1386

forshoota1400

disavowc1400

defyc1405

disprovec1430

repelc1443

flemea1450

to put backa1500

reject?1504

refutea1513

repulse1533

refel1548

repudiate1548

disallowa1555

project?1567

expel1575

discard1578

overrule1578

forsay1579

check1601

decard1605

dismiss1608

reprobate1609

devow1610

retorta1616

disclaimc1626

noforsootha1644

respuate1657

reluctate1668

negative1778

no-ball1862

basket1867

to set one's foot down1873

not to have any (of it, that, this)1895

to put down1944

eighty-six1959

neg1987

?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter xxvii. 63 Proiect not me: displeasantly, O Lord (my health) do not depart.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 77 Abstinence and fasting, are as Corsiues to ate out the dead-flesh of gluttony, drunkennes, and concupiscence..which so proiected and eaten out, Christ..will come and bind vp our wounds.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1303 There is no reason and probability, that any one should project this assertion also.

a. transitive. To throw, cast, or shoot forwards or onwards. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > propel

protrude1554

propel1588

project1596

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. i. sig. Aa2 Before his feet her selfe she did proiect .

1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 148 It proiecteth..those excrements which sticke to the bowels.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 209 In War, holy things are projected to dogges.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Projectile The Line of Motion which a Body projected describes in the Air..is..the Curve of a Parabola.

1745 J. T. Desaguliers Course Experim. Philos. (rev. ed.) I. 305 Let a Ball be projected in the Direction ABCD, &c.

1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 151 If a body be projected upward, with the velocity it acquired in any time by descending freely, it will lose all its velocity in an equal time.

1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) i. 6 A body projected in space will move in a conic section.

1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith iv. ii. §1. 180 Thus we project into the realm of space a moral cause.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 53 The heat which would otherwise be projected into space.

1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxix. 468 As he went by on his skis,..his muscles elastic in a perfect, soaring trajectory, his body projected in pure flight.

2003 S.W.A.T. May 30/3 The..cartridge..projects a .30 caliber projectile at a nominal 2,800 feet-per-second .

b. transitive. To cause (sound, the voice) to travel or to be audible at a distance. Also occasionally intransitive: (of sound or the voice) to travel or to be audible at a distance.

ΚΠ

1803 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 195 The power of projecting the voice against a plain wall, so that it shall be reflected to a given point, is difficult.

1889 Proc. U.S. Naval Inst. 15 239 The sound [of a foghorn] should be projected in the direction determined upon by means of reflectors.

1905 F. Parsons in President Roosevelt's Railroad Policy 66 If I can absorb enough oxygen from this carbonaceous atmosphere to enable me to project my voice to the end of the hall, I will try to make three points.

1970 Times 2 Feb. 11/2 His voice projects more freely in the upper register than in the lower.

2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 May 67/3 The modern piano, with its enhanced capacity for sustaining and projecting sound, also seems to encourage exaggerated performances.

a. transitive. Cartography. To represent (the earth, sky, etc.) on a plane surface by means of a geometrical or other projection. Formerly also: †to make (a map) by projection (projection n. 2a) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > [verb (transitive)] > make projection

project1615

1615 T. Roe Jrnl. 5 June in Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe (1899) I. 6 The longitude of the Cape by Mercator's proiection is rectefyed in 28°30′ from the Meridian of the Lizard, and is, I suppose, truly proiected.

1717 J. Green Constr. Maps & Globes i. xi. 73 (heading) Another way to project circular maps.

1752 D. Jennings Introd. Use Globes & Orrery i. i. 8 A Map projected upon the Plane of the Horizon of London, has London in the middle of it.

1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) I. i. 11 We were not able to determine whether they [sc. dials at Woolsthorpe] were executed by a tentative process..or were more accurately projected, from a knowledge of the doctrine of the sphere.

1866 R. A. Proctor Handbk. Stars 12 A simple method of projecting the meridians and parallels for any small portion of the celestial sphere.

1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 170 As if Shakespeare's world were one which Mercator could have projected.

1952 F. J. Monkhouse & H. R. Wilkinson Maps & Diagrams ii. 74 If two points on a hill-side are projected on to a horizontal plane, as they are on a map, the distance between them is known as the Horizontal Equivalent.

1972 M. Kline Math. Thought vii. 161 Hipparchus did invent orthographic projection, in which ‘light rays’, from infinity project the earth on a plane.

b. transitive. Geometry. To draw straight lines or rays from a fixed point through every point of (a given figure) so that they intersect a surface and describe on it a new figure, each point of which corresponds to a point of the original. Formerly also: †to generate (a figure) in this way (obsolete). Hence more generally: to represent or delineate (a figure) on a surface according to a particular system of correspondence between its points and the points of the surface; to perform an analogous operation on (a figure or other object) in a space of different dimension. Cf. projection n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > form or represent geometrically [verb (transitive)] > construct or manipulate geometric object

to pull out?a1560

apply1570

coapt1570

quadrate1623

raise1647

join1660

range1670

project1673

rabat1868

unsquare1872

1673 J. Collins Let. Apr. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1973) IX. 552 His [sc. Desargues'] designe was to, to treate of Conick Sections as projected from lesser Circles situated on the surface of the sphere.

1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 152 Winding Stairs are projected on a round Profile.

1714 J. Wilson Trigonometry iv. 118 The line of measures of any circle is that line in the primitive circle, in which the center of that circle, when projected, is found.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics i. 9 The truth of this rule may be found by projecting fig. 7 upon a large scale.

1854 J. D. Hooker Himalayan Jrnls. I. Pref. 17 I did not use instruments in projecting the outlines.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 798/1 Any conic can be projected into any other conic.

1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. ix. 488 It may happen that we wish to project the two crystals on a plane perpendicular to the twin-face.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) x. 260 Instead of using the above cumbrous figures it is usual to regard such models as projected upon a plane surface.

1981 M. A. Parker & F. Pickup Engin. Drawing (ed. 3) viii. 213 The oblique plane, when projected into the auxiliary elevation, is an inclined plane.

2002 G. Weiss tr. A. Sossinsky Knots iii. 35 In practice, seeing a knot means drawing it, that is, projecting it onto a suitably chosen plane to obtain what is called a knot diagram.

c. transitive. Chiefly Economics. To calculate or forecast on the basis of present trends. Cf. projection n. 9.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (transitive)] > on the basis of present trends

project1923

1923 Evening State Jrnl. (Nebraska) 17 Aug. 1/1 The observable trend ‘brainward’ if projected, fortells the nature of the future super-man.

1961 Ethical Outlook 47 93/2 Genuine human leadership..can project long-term goals for itself.

1964 R. K. Srivastava Projecting Manpower Demand ii. 8 If manpower considerations are accepted as one of the criteria that ought to influence long-term economic planning, it becomes necessary to ‘project’ manpower demands for given future periods.

1977 Sci. Amer. Jan. 43/2 If 11 million 1977-model automobiles are sold in the U.S., as is projected [etc.].

1986 Times 23 Dec. 17/7 Contrary to developments in past cyclical upturns, inflation is projected to remain relatively subdued.

2002 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 20 Apr. 1554/1 Conceptually growth rates (GR) enable the future to be projected from actual past performance.

a. transitive. To place (a thing) so that it protrudes or juts out; to cause to jut out, stand out, or protrude. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project from (something) [verb (transitive)] > cause to project or stretch forth

straightc1400

protend?a1475

shoot1533

raise1568

to set out1573

project1624

protrude1638

to start out1653

penthouse1655

portend1657

to throw out1689

obtend1697

to lay out1748

bumfle1832

out-thrust1855

rank1867

1624 [implied in: H. Wotton Elements Archit. 42 All the projected or Iutting Parts (as they are termed) be very moderate, especially, the Cornices of the lower Orders. (at projected adj. 1)].

1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 148 The better way is..to project it an Inch and a half beyond the side of the Building.

1700 J. Dryden To Dutchess of Ormond in Fables sig. A2^v The Land..had met Your Way, Projected out a Neck, and jutted to the Sea.

1765 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 264 Going to project out Bow windows from their houses.

1824 J. C. Loudon Green-house Compan. i. 7 A noble conservatory or green-house may be projected from the south front.

1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. v. 181 Strong structures, supported upon piers, had been projected, reaching..five hundred feet into the stream.

1909 Catholic Encycl. V. 258/1 Both structural and liturgical needs would alike be served if the piers which support the dividing arch were projected inwards.

b. intransitive. To jut out; to stick out or protrude beyond the adjacent parts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]

tootc897

shootc1000

to come outOE

abuta1250

to stand outc1330

steek?c1335

risea1398

jutty14..

proferc1400

strutc1405

to stick upa1500

issuec1515

butt1523

to stick outc1540

jut1565

to run out1565

jet1593

gag1599

poke1599

proke1600

boke1601

prosiliate1601

relish1611

shoulder1611

to stand offa1616

protrude1704

push1710

projecta1712

protend1726

outstand1755

shove1850

outjut1851

extrude1852

bracket1855

to corbel out1861

to set out1892

pier1951

a1712 G. Martine Reliquiæ Divi Andreae (1797) 182 The chaple..projects out upon it [sc. the steeple] about two foot.

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 417 The craggy rock projects above the sky.

1793 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 722 As the boughs all temptingly project.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 350 The booths..projected far into the streets.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) vi. 267 The promontories of Tyre, Sidon, and Beirût project further..than those of Ascalon, Jaffa, Dor or Acre.

1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xvi. 190 From the interior face of the west wall of the tower projected a little canopy.

1940 E. Hemingway For whom Bell Tolls xx. 258 The trunks of the pines projected from the snow that covered all the ground.

1977 M. Girouard Sweetness & Light v. 116 A miniature bay window projects from the drawing-room.

2000 Massage Mag. May–June 93/1 The Hand-L looks rather like a wavy stick, with a comfortable hand-grip in the middle and two slightly different rounded massage tips projecting out at either end.

a. transitive. To throw (light or shadow) on to a surface or into space; to cause (light or shade) to appear on a surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > shine [verb (transitive)]

shedc1200

showa1400

yet?c1400

throw1565

reflex1590

emit1626

fling1637

projectc1645

strike1697

slip1873

shine1889

c1645 E. Waller Battle of Summer-Islands i. 52 The palma-christi, and the fair papà, Now but a seed.., In half the circle of the hasty year Project a shade, and lovely fruits do wear.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 43 The smallest Atom..was presented as big as a Rounseval-Pea, and projecting a shade.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 73 If with a Prisme you strike the Rainbow-colours upon a wall, and observing where a red is projected.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Dial Moon-Dial, or Lunar Dial, is that which shews the Hour of the Night, by means of the Light, or Shadow of the Moon projected thereon from an Index.

1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 169 In all the other positions..the lunar cone of shade is projected into space away from the Earth.

1893 A. Bierce Can Such Things Be? 217 The fire was..projecting spectral shadows on the walls.

1943 A. Koestler Arrival & Departure iii. 86 He stared at the ceiling..on which the shutters projected a streaky shadow-pattern of grey and white ribs.

1997 I. Sinclair Lights out for Territory (1998) 73 Elegiac light shimmered on the rails of the steps, projecting tree shadows through the meshed windows of the death shack.

b. transitive. To cause (an image or representation of an object) to form on a surface (originally esp. the retina) as a result of action elsewhere; (in later use) spec. to cause (the image on a film, slide, etc.) to appear on a screen for viewing (cf. sense 9d). Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > use optical skills and techniques [verb (transitive)] > use other techniques

project1865

collimate1868

web1883

vignette1945

track1950

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > use optical skills and techniques [verb (intransitive)] > use specific techniques

project1979

1692 W. Molyneux Dioptrica Nova 173 The Rays..fall on the third Eye Glass l; By whose means we may imagine the Distinct Base g m n projected distinctly on the Retina of the Eye.

1715 J. T. Desaguliers in A. Pitcairn Wks. To Transl. sig. a2^v No Image will be projected on the Retina, the meeting Points of the refracted Rays being far beyond it.

1796 J. Crisp Observ. Nature & Theory Vision iii. 64 In a certain position of the eyes the object to which they are directed, though equally projected on each retina, appears single.

1865 Rep. 34th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1864 ii. 98 The impressive character of the image projected [by a magic lantern], being often stereoscopic in aspect.

1897 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 1896 18 367 The optical imperfections of the eye and the effects of its aperture..contribute..to project on the retina images differing to a varying degree from the original object.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 95/2 In the magic lantern an electric lamp or limelight..projects, through an objective lens, the successive images of the film upon a distant screen.

1964 Photogr. Jrnl. 104 152/1 Microfilm images..can be projected directly on to printing plates.

1979 ‘D. Meiring’ Foreign Body ii. 30 Now it's film time... We'll project on the wall, just to the left of the bar.

1997 Flight Internat. 18 June 45/1 VRD technology allows the electronic images and information to be projected on to the retina of the viewer's eye.

c. transitive. To cause (a figure, image, or shadow) to appear or stand out against a background.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be or make visible [verb (transitive)] > make distinct > by contrast

relieve1700

project1832

pinpoint1943

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic ii. 25 If a living figure had been projected against the strong light which imprinted these durable spectra of the sun.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 73 He..saw Huxley's form projected against the sky as he stood upon a pinnacle of rock.

1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent vii. 212 The policeman on the beat projected his sombre and moving form against the luminous glory of oranges and lemons.

1996 R. Alvarez Hometown Boy (1999) iv. 63 Even the wing-ding's shadow, projected against the side of the museum when the sun begins to drop, is captivating.

d. transitive. To cause the image on (a photograph, film, or slide) to become visible on a screen.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > projection > project a film [verb (transitive)]

project1897

unreel1909

unspool1940

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > view photographs [verb (transitive)] > project on to screen

project1897

screen1912

1897 R. W. Paul Brit. Patent 4686/1896 1 My invention relates to an improved apparatus for producing representations of moving scenes, figures or objects by projecting onto a screen..a series of photographic pictures of such scenes... In order to give a definite position to the picture on the film which is to be projected I prefer to employ the following mechanism.

1912 F. A. Talbot Moving Pictures ix. 91 The film to be projected is carried upon a spool mounted on an arm or bracket above the mechanism.

1949 M. K. Kidd & C. W. Long Filmstrip & Slide Projection 8 Often miniature slides can be projected in the standard projector (some of which project both miniature slides and filmstrips).

1971 L. B. Happé Basic Motion Pict. Technol. i. 37 Corresponding prints could..be projected by similar anamorphic lenses to show a picture filling a very wide screen.

1994 N. Baker Size of Thoughts (1996) 39 After it passed through the ‘gate’ (where it is actually projected), the film usually travels through the sound head.

10. figurative (chiefly from senses 6 and 9).

a. transitive. To transfer or transmit (something) as by means of the imagination into (also on) another place, time, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > give mental shape to [verb (transitive)]

to body forth1600

realize1646

project1846

1846 J. Forster Statesmen Commonw. of Eng. 407/1 Cromwell had already projected himself too far into the future.

a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1855) 1st Ser. xii. 205 The Greek had strong human feelings and sympathies. He projected his own self on nature; humanized it.

1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness x. 94 The very image of Christ..as it was projected upon the mind of the Jew.

1874 J. A. Symonds Siena in Sketches Italy & Greece 58 Ideas were projected from her vivid fancy upon the empty air around her.

1878 S. Cox Salv. Mundi (ed. 3) iv. 94 Can we not project ourselves so far into the future as to anticipate the time when [etc.]?

1931 J. T. Shipley Quest for Lit. vi. 232 Just how does one project oneself into one's past, or imagined, experiences?

1940 P. Montague Way of Things 5 The novelty, unity, and symmetry imposed by the philosopher's own temperament, which he has in some sense projected and objectified in his portrait of the cosmos.

1977 G. Clark World Prehist. (ed. 3) ix. 385 One should be careful not to project into the remote past the elaborate social arrangements of the recent Indians.

1992 Times 12 Sept. (Sat. Review) 32/1 Fernando Pessoa..projected himself into three distinct personae besides his own. He called these alter egos his ‘heteronyms’.

2005 Observer 16 Jan. (Mag.) 57/4 Remember to remain centred in the moment, rather than project your mind forward into an imaginary future that invariably makes you anxious.

b. transitive. Spiritualism and Parapsychology. To separate (oneself) from one's physical body; to move into a state of astral projection: see astral projection n. at astral adj. and n. Additions. Also intransitive.

ΚΠ

1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. 25 The occasional power of some agent to project himself phantasmally; to make himself manifest, as though in actual presence, to some percipient at a distance.

1983 S. MacLaine Out on Limb xiv. 194 That is the result of the soul astrally projecting to the new house.

1994 Impact Oct. 44/2 I decided that rather than actually go to Woodstock '94, I would close my eyes, say a little ‘om’, light a scented candle and astrally project myself..to that little farm in Saugerties, New York.

c. transitive. Psychology. To attribute (an emotion, state of mind, etc.) to an external object or person, esp. unconsciously. Also intransitive. Cf. projection n. 6c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > transfer of feelings > attribute to other [verb (transitive)]

project1904

introject1925

1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 692 He probably projects into the mental life of others what is present in his own subconsciousness.

1911 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 22 435 The paranoiac projects all interests, which have become painful, into the external world.

1923 J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist iv. 167 Certain neurotic types project their depression so as to colour everything that comes into their cognizance a gloomy black.

1925 A. Strachey & J. Strachey tr. S. Freud Coll. Papers III. 458 It was incorrect of us to say that the perception which was suppressed internally was projected outwards; the truth is rather..that what was abolished internally returns from without.

1966 I. G. Sarason Personality xii. 181 A defense mechanism through which an individual unconsciously projects his own undesirable characteristics to others than himself.

1988 M. Dibdin Ratking vi. 141 It's not me who's unhappy, it's her! She's projecting her problems on to me.

2005 Psychologies (U.K. ed.) Dec. 80/1 You may not consider yourself a fake person, but manipulating and projecting our own, and others', emotions is something we do every day.

d. transitive. To convey to others, esp. by one's manner and actions (a particular personality, character, or image); to display or present (an emotion or quality) in one's behaviour. Also intransitive: to communicate one's character, attributes, etc., to others; to make one's presence felt.Earliest of an actor on the stage, and hence in origin perhaps a transferred use of 6b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > be affected by impression [verb (intransitive)] > have effect

to pierce one's stomach1509

reverberate1608

impose1625

bite1638

to strike home1694

to cut ice (with someone)1894

register1913

project1933

1933 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 14 Dec. 32 b Charles Winninger, who plays the role, is the exact physical counterpart of the character he projects so effectively by voice alone.

1949 H. Robbins Dream Merchants 337 I'm an actress and sometimes it's important for me to feel the emotions I project, otherwise I wouldn't be any good to you at all.

1955 Psychiatry 18 217/2 The self-evaluation projected by his clothes and manner.

1957 Economist 12 Oct. 130/1 This matter of ‘projection’ is taken very seriously. ‘He simply doesn't project’ can be as final a dismissal of political aspiration as the fact that a man is known to have beaten a whole series of wives.

1959 Encounter Sept. 50/2 Competing with the roar of the machines..the actors struggle to project.

1960 News Chron. 28 July 4/5 Unable to ‘project’ publicly, in private he deploys considerable private charm.

1976 New Yorker 9 Feb. 94/3 Weiss projects no character, he remains a stick figure.

1991 J. Gavin Intimate Nights i. 37 Latouche admired..her flair at projecting the character of a comically world-weary, overpartied, underslept New Yorker.

2002 Time Out N.Y. 18 Apr. 32/2 With his close-cropped hair, solid build and three-piece sartorial style, he projects a Kojak-like image.

11. Physiology and Anatomy.

a. transitive (in passive). Originally (of a subcortical part of the nervous system): to be represented upon or on the cerebral cortex. Later also: to be connected to (a specified part of the nervous system). Cf. projection n. 7.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [verb (passive)] > reception or transmission of impulses

project1872

1872 H. Power tr. T. Meynert in S. Stricker Man. Human & Compar. Histol. II. xxxi. 372 Since now this organization effects the content of the sensory shell of the cortex of the cerebrum with various forms of sensory impressions derived from the outside world, the image of which is coincidently projected upon the cortex, the name of projection system is very appropriate to this great segment of the nervous system.

1902 J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. II. 414/2 The radiations taken together are called the ‘projection system’, the lower centres being projected upon the cortex.

1925 Jrnl. Neurol. & Psychopathol. 6 5 We draw the conclusion that the upper part of the retina in apes is projected on the medial side of the corpus geniculatum externum.

2004 Acta Histochemica 106 368 Demyelinization in axons which are projected to the CNS may lead to molecular and metabolic abnormalities in neuronal bodies.

b. intransitive. To send nerve fibres or impulses to a specified part of the nervous system. Also with on, upon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > so as to impinge on something

pat1567

repose1582

inject1599

flap1877

project1936

the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [verb (intransitive)] > reception or transmission of impulses

project1936

1936 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 64 37 The anterior thalamic nuclei project to a small part of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe... The nucleus ventralis posterior, projects entirely upon the cortex of the central sulcus and the postcentral convolution.

1951 T. C. Ruch in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. iv. 125/2 The ablation of a cortical area truncates the axons running to it, and the locus of the resulting retrograde degeneration establishes which thalamic nucleus projects to the particular area ablated.

1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 16 34/1 The fibers of the internal corticotectal tract..project on the superior colliculi and pretectal nuclei.

2004 Jrnl. Physiol. 557 543 The majority of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones..have their cell bodies in the jugular ganglia and project to the airways via the superior laryngeal nerves.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

n.c1450

adj.?a1475

v.1477

单词	project
释义	projectn. Brit. /ˈprɒdʒɛkt/, U.S. /ˈprɑˌdʒɛk(t)/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s proiecte, 1500s–1600s proiect, 1500s– project, 1600s projecte; Scottish pre-1700 proget, pre-1700 1700s– project, 1800s projeck (Shetland), 1900s– progjek (Shetland). Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōiectum; Latin prōiectus; Latin prōiect-, prōicere. Etymology: Apparently partly < classical Latin prōiectum projecting structure (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also something uttered (4th or 5th cent. in Jerome; use as noun of neuter singular of prōiectus , past participle of prōicere project v.), partly (as in sense 4) < classical Latin prōiectus fact of extending beyond a surface or edge, projection ( < prōiect- , past participial stem of prōicere + -tus , suffix forming verbal nouns), and partly directly < classical Latin prōiect-, past participial stem of prōicere; none of these, however, account fully for sense 1 (and senses derived from it), and this is perhaps after Middle French projetter , projecter to plan (see project v.), or perhaps (in spite of the chronology) after either project v. or Middle French proiect , projet plan (1470 as pourget ; French projet , †project ; < projetter ). Compare Italian progetto (1553; < Middle French proiect , projet ), Spanish proyecto plan (mid 16th cent.). Compare project adj. †1. a. A plan, draft, scheme, or table of something; a tabulated statement; a design or pattern according to which something is made. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example byseningc1175 mirrora1300 samplera1300 formc1384 calendarc1385 patternc1425 exemplar?a1439 lighta1450 projectc1450 moul1565 platform1574 module1608 paradigma1623 specimen1642 butt1654 paradigm1669 type1847 fore-mark1863 model1926 society > communication > record > list > [noun] > tabular wax-bredc960 tablement1551 project1588 map1626 tablature1740 scale1780 tabulation1837 c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3331 (MED) Sire Darius awen dyademe; þai did on his hede..On þe propurest of proiecte þat euire prince bere. 1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum iii. ix. 118 This being as a proiect or table of a common wealth truely laide before you. 1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) ii. vii. 225 I will now aduenture to run thorow all the sortes of Manslaughters and Felonies..which (for the more light) I haue bestowed in this proiect (or Table) folowing. 1600 (title) A projecte, conteyninge the state, order, and manner of governmente of the University of Cambridge. As now it is to be seene. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 535 Many other plots and projects there doe remaine of his [sc. Parasius] drawing [L. multa graphidis vestigia]. 1627 M. Wren Serm. 6 My sonne, love God; or, My sonne, praise God; or, My sonne, obey God;..My sonne, feare God, is a Project and Promise of them all. 1696 J. Dennis Remarks Prince Arthur iv. 17 The Action of the Poem ought to be one not only in the Plan of the Fable and in the first Project, but likewise after the Imposition of Names, and after the framing the Episodes. b. A mental conception, idea, or notion; speculation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] thoughtOE thingOE conceita1393 imagea1393 concept1479 conception1526 suppositiona1529 idee1542 idea1585 conceivement1599 project1600 representationa1602 notion1607 phantasma1620 conceptus1643 species1644 notice1654 revolution1675 representamen1677 vorstellung1807 brain-stuff1855 ideation1876 think1886 artefact1923 construct1933 mind1966 the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > [noun] speculative1412 speculationa1450 theory1668 project1727 ideology1813 ideologizing1861 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. iii. 29 Flattring himselfe in proiect of a power, Much smaller then the smallest of his thoughts. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 55 She cannot loue, Nor take no shape nor proiect of affection, She is so selfe indeared. View more context for this quotation 1606 J. Clapham Hist. Great Britannie 184 So that I am forced..to fill up blancks with conjectures or projects of mine owne invention. 1727 D. Defoe Acct. Scotl. 152 A great deal of project and fancy may be employed to find out the ancient shape of the Church. 2. a. A planned or proposed undertaking; a scheme, a proposal; a purpose, an objective. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > a proposed plan or a project propositiona1382 present?a1400 motiona1425 pleaa1500 action1533 propose1568 project1582 proposala1629 projection1633 party1653 projecture1658 scheme1719 ad referendum1753 swim1860 action plan1889 1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xiii. 81 Somtime it [sc. war] sendeth vs trew reports, either priuatelie in proiects and deuises, that be entended, or publikelie in euents. 1589 A. Munday Hist. Palmendos xiii. f. 43^v Thys was the proiect of Arnedes resolution, which in secrete he imparted to his Cozin Recind. 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. §3. 172 Orators, whose proiect is persuasion. 1623 T. Scott High-waies of God 80 All our Proiects of draining surrounded grounds. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 266 We considered of that most hellishly, cunning compacted, three-fold project, that by you was propounded to us in your last. View more context for this quotation 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 22 New Projects were every day set on foot for Money, which serv'd only to offend, and incense the People. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 5. ¶3 There was actually a Project of bringing the New-River into the House, to be employed in Jetteaus and Water-works. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. x. 202 Henry Crawford was full of ideas and projects, and, generally speaking, whatever he proposed was immediately approved. View more context for this quotation 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. Proem 6 We Florentines were too full of great building projects to carry them all out in stone and marble. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §6. 326 The moral support which the project was expected to receive from the Parliament. 1925 A. Toynbee Surv. Internat. Affairs 1920–23 31 Mr. Lloyd George broached to the French delegation his project for a Pact of Non-aggression. 1998 Garden Answers Sept. 17/2 David's latest project is to create a log garden, using great chunks from an old beech tree..and building raised beds around them. b. Education. An exercise in which school or college students study a topic, either independently or in collaboration, over an extended period; a piece of research work undertaken by a student or group of students. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > project or activity discipline1785 project1916 activity1923 1916 D. Snedden in School & Society 16 Sept. 420/2 Some of us began using the word ‘project’ to describe a unit of educative work in which the most prominent feature was some form of positive and concrete achievement. 1942 B. Clements et al. Projects for Junior School: Teachers' Bk. i. 5 When working out a project the teacher gives help only when and where necessary, since the basic principle of modern teaching is child activity and teacher guidance. 1959 Housewife June 16 Cristy, who in one crowded summer, enjoys a library reading project, a visit to a Kansas farm and a course in baby care. 1961 S. J. Curtis & M. E. A. Boultwood Short Hist. Educ. Ideas (ed. 3) xx. 580 Not only were large-scale projects on such topics as ‘Conservation’ and ‘Pan-Americanism’ undertaken by many schools—often all the schools of an area—as part of the curriculum, but, in addition, community service by school children became common. 1994 Animals' Voice Fall 41/3 Thank you very much for your help on my school project on animal abuse... I have included a pamphlet that I created on puppy mills. 2000 J. S. Jones Welsh Boys Too 18 You talked about your class project on the Penrhyn Quarry at Bethesda. c. In business, science, etc.: a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [noun] > a co-operative enterprise project1916 society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > co-operative or collective co-operation1817 co-operative society1821 combine1887 project1916 co-operative1921 collective1925 1916 Washington Post 2 Apr. 4 New York mechanical engineers associated with Prof. Parker in his engineering and research projects. 1951 W. H. Auden Nones (1952) 61 Thou shalt not worship projects nor Shalt thou or thine bow down before Administration. 1965 H. I. Ansoff Corporate Strategy ii. 17 CIT uses long-term profitability over the lifetime of the project as the yardstick for evaluation. 1988 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator 19 Apr. b3/1 The project..is expected to create 12 jobs, maintain three others and result in incremental sales of $3.5 million over the next five years. 2005 Metro (Toronto) 19 July 19/4 By day she is spear-heading an ambitious project at the University of Guelph to build Canada's most powerful proton microprobe. d. North American. An urban block of apartments built and administered by the government for low-income tenants, typically perceived as dangerously crime-ridden. Frequently as the projects.housing project: see housing project n. at housing n.¹ Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > block of flats or apartments land1456 tenement1681 tenement house1858 barrack1862 mansions1868 apartment house1874 apartment building1883 single-decker1896 block dwellings1899 project1932 apartment block1955 condominium1962 condo1964 multi1973 1932 Amer. City Aug. 82/2 All housing projects should be large-scale developments. 1939 N.Y. Times 2 Mar. 4 The lower-income groups could not afford to live in the projects, and, as a result, the housing program would not help those who needed it most. 1966 Listener 29 Sept. 454/1 Jim lives in one of a group of fifteen-storey-high buildings that make up a project, a city-owned housing estate. A family can rent an apartment cheaply in a project if it has a low income. Officially intended to replace the slum neighbourhoods of ten years ago, the projects are stark, anonymous, all-brick slums now. 1974 J. Willwerth Jones: Portrait of Mugger iv. 49 The projects..are poorly designed and vastly overcrowded—black leaders sometimes call them ‘vertical prisons’. 2004 E. Conlon Blue Blood xii. 468 It was easier to picture her in a bathrobe, rye and soda in hand, dusting the knickknack shelf.., than it was to imagine her scoring crack in the projects. †3. Something projected or thrown out; a projection, an emanation (of some being or thing). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [noun] projecture1563 jutting1565 project1596 juttying1611 prominence1611 excursiona1626 extancy1644 outjetty1650 projection1664 projecting1726 jetting1754 saliency1834 salience1849 protrusion1853 prominency1871 pout1880–4 out-thrust1955 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [noun] > of intangible things or particles from an object > that which streamc1374 expiration1576 project1596 deflux1603 defluxion1603 effluence1603 resultation1603 resultance1611 resultancy1613 effluxion1625 effluency1646 emanation1646 efflux1647 issue1659 emission1664 offshoot1674 elapsea1677 the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan redeeOE devicec1290 casta1300 went1303 ordinancec1385 intentc1386 imaginationa1393 drifta1535 draught1535 forecast1535 platform1547 ground-plat?a1560 table1560 convoy1565 design1565 plat1574 ground-plota1586 plot1587 reach1587 theory1593 game1595 projectment1611 projecting1616 navation1628 approach1633 view1634 plan1635 systema1648 sophism1657 manage1667 brouillon1678 speculationa1684 sketch1697 to take measures1698 method1704 scheme1704 lines1760 outline1760 measure1767 restorative1821 ground plan1834 strategy1834 programme1837 ticket1842 project1849 outline plan1850 layout1867 draft1879 dart1882 lurk1916 schema1939 lick1955 1596 T. Lodge Diuel Coniured f. Di^v Architas Doue, Dedalus Laborinth, both but the Proiects of wit, were held Magicall and admirable. 1599 R. Fenton Answere W. Alablaster vii. 35 An apprehension, censure, and proiect from the intelligence of sensible occurrents, both in naturall and ciuill bodies. 1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor iii. i. sig. F2 Oh beauty is a Proiect of some power, Chiefely when oportunitie attends her. View more context for this quotation 1849 G. Dawson Shaks. & Other Lect. (1888) 416 The house should be a project of the creature who inhabits it. †4. The fact of being thrown out or put forth. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 535 The said branches immediatly from their project [L. proiectu] must rise somewhat vpright in maner of fingers, standing forth from the palm of ones hand. †5. Something thrown; a projectile, a missile. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > missile discharged from weapon shotc893 shotec1330 projectile1654 outcast1674 project1675 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shot collectively > of cannon > a ball, etc., from cannon project1675 projectile1729 1675 E. Sherburne in tr. M. Manilius Sphere App. 126 Some Tentamina de Motu Penduli & Projectorum; In which there being some Ingenious Debates about..the Theory of Pendulums for the exact measuring of Time, and..Equations of great Ingenuity suited to the Motion thereof, and of Projects. 1684 Minutes Dublin Soc. 7 July in T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. (1757) IV. 323 Mr. Molyneux explained a contrivance of his own for demonstrating to the eye the figure, wherein projects do move. 1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos Pref. sig. b The Doctrine of the Motion of Projects, particularly applied to Gunnery and Throwing of Bombs. a1728 T. Weston tr. Galileo Math. Disc. (1730) iv. 385 Among those Projects, which we make Use of..if they are of a lighter Matter.., their Track or Path will not sensibly deviate from the Curve of a Parabola. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Projectile, or Project, in Mechanics, a heavy Body put in Motion by an external Force. 1739 R. Heslsham Course Lect. Nat. Philos. xi. 188 Point T is equally distant from A, where the project begins its motion, and from B, where the motion of the project ceases. †6. Geometry. The projection (projection n. 2) of a figure on to a surface. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [noun] > geometrical relation > projection projecting1616 projecture1616 projectiona1652 project1807 1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 159 [A] set of theorems, relating to projects made on any given inclined planes. Compounds General attributive and objective (chiefly in sense 2). project approach n. ΚΠ 1952 Internat. Organization 6 29 The ‘project approach’ dominated the first several years of WHO's relationships with member states. 1973 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 4 Sept. 5/6 We are endeavoring to try appropriation cases on a project approach. 1992 Oxfam News Summer 8/2 The project marks an important step forward in development thinking, a shift from the ‘project approach’ where Third World initiatives are supported with funding, to ‘networking’: helping groups to talk to each other. project architect n. ΚΠ 1934 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 8 Nov. ii. 1/2 Architectural plans for the 40 dwellings.., completed by Joseph Weston of El Monte, project architect, have been approved. 1999 Building Design 13 Aug. 36/3 (advt.) Prior Manton Tuke Powell seek an experienced project architect to join our team involved with a £9m private sector hospital new-build/refurbishment project. project area n. ΚΠ 1924 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 16 Sept. 1/7 Such an amount of water as may be necessary to supply the deficiency not supplied for the project area from the Carson river. 1952 Times 3 Oct. 4/3 Each state has been allotted a project area where roads, bridges, or canals will be built. 1997 Economist 1 Feb. 124/1 (advt.) Educational Advisor... Responsibilities: To survey the project areas..and on the basis of the survey result..develop an educational project development plan. project book n. ΚΠ 1927 Decatur (Illinois) Daily Rev. 1 Jan. 2/2 The hay was turned over to my father..and a value was put on it to record in the project book. 1947 A. Einstein Music Romantic Era xiii. 181 The scheme for the composition of such a work is found in Schumann's ‘project-book’. 1976 Columbus (Montana) News 10 June (Fair Bk. Suppl.) 18/1 Those exhibiting must have the project books up to date and be enrolled in the project and unit in which they are exhibiting. 1999 Needlecraft Mar. 56/1 From the start she was determined it wasn't to be just another project book cashing in on the fashion for reproducing Victorian samplers. project engineer n. ΚΠ 1911 Amer. Econ. Rev. 1 14 Even more important to the economic success of the farmers is the service of the project engineer. 1931 F. L. Eidmann Econ. Control Engin. & Manuf. iv. 45 In plants where the engineering projects are large,..it has been found that a very good way of handling the work is to assign one engineer to the task of ‘living’ with the job from start to finish... This engineer is known as a ‘project engineer’ in some organizations. 1973 Times 12 Nov. 28/8 Let us see the professionals all take a greater share of responsibility if a project is to be a success instead of leaving it to the ‘jack of all trades’—the project engineer. 2003 Advocate (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) (Nexis) 7 May He..worked as project engineer on many power plants throughout the world. project house n. ΚΠ 1947 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 24 Apr. 4/3 The total cost of project houses includes the cost of land. 1967 G. Jackson Let. Nov. in Soledad Brother (1971) 139 I thought most blacks..understood..that these places were built with us in mind, just as were the project houses, unemployment offices, and bible schools. 1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 July 14 The project house in which teenage Elvis Presley grew up. project housing n. ΚΠ 1953 Syracuse (N.Y.) Post-Intelligencer 2 May 1/2 The rate for FHA-insured mortgages had been..4 per cent on large scale project housing. 1970 D. Goldrich et al. in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. v. 182 Those invaders who could qualify by ‘normal’ criteria for project housing would receive it. 1994 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 59 899/1 The commissioners..had discretion to allow tenants whose eviction had been ordered by the eviction board to stay in project housing. 2002 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 15 Apr. b1 But it's a narrow band of gentrification... Behind the commercial strip, the rows and rows of project housing remain. project method n. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [noun] > other methods of teaching demonstration1742 bear-leading1766 royal road1793 tachydidaxy1846 object teaching1851 object system1862 methodic1864 community education1873 methodics1883 maieutics1885 type-system1901 direct method1904 spoon-feeding1905 play method1914 playway1914 project method1916 active learning1919 study skills1924 skit1926 free activity1929 hypnopaedia1932 sleep-teaching1932 chalk and talk1937 show-and-tell1941 demo1945 naming of (the) parts1946 team teaching1949 teleteaching1953 programming1954 audio-lingualism1961 immersion1965 dem1968 open learning1970 suggestopaedia1970 suggestopedy1970 distance learning1972 fast-tracking1972 paideia1982 tutorial1984 m-learning2001 1916 J. C. Moore in School Sci. & Math. Nov. 688 The project method in science is nothing new, though the name often calls forth an attack... The story of every great invention is the story of a project. 1943 H. Read Educ. through Art vii. 233 I am aware that serious criticisms have been made of the project method of teaching, but they seem to be based on a formless type of project. 1989 B. Spock & M. Morgan Spock on Spock ix. 112 The project method was in contrast to the traditional elementary school teaching of subjects such as arithmetic, reading, writing, and social studies in isolation from one another. 1996 E. D. Hirsch Schools we Need 253 Gloss. Very often the term ‘hands-on’ is an honorific term used to praise the progressivist ‘project method’ of education and to disparage a ‘whole-class instruction’. project-monger n. ΚΠ 1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 4 Some get their liuings..by their braines, as politicians, monopolists, proiect-mongers, suit-ioggers, and star-gazers. ?1713 J. Oldmixon Torism & Trade can never Agree 25 I challenge this Project-Monger to give me a better Reason for the giving up that Trade to France, than because the one are Papists and the other Protestants. 1905 Longman's Mag. July 262 The old project-monger beamed with her full moon face. 1988 Current Anthropol. 29 116/2 As long as this ‘project’-oriented view prevails, anthropologists..will be regarded as either superfluous or a nuisance to the project-mongers in their business. project officer n. ΚΠ 1933 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 6 Feb. 2 The John A. Preston community house is being partially remodeled..with Mrs. James H. Preston as project officer. 1948 Science 16 Jan. 51/1 The1947 operation was carried out under the leadeship of Capt. C. L. Engelman, Project Officer. 1973 R. Hayes Hungarian Game xxxi. 183 Generally speaking, sir, agents administer things, while Project Officers administer people. 2000 Building Design 11 Feb. 28/2 (advt.) A Project Officer is required in the office of the Surveyor to the University to assist the Deputy Surveyor (Architects). project work n. ΚΠ 1924 D. B. Leary in I. L. Kandel Twenty-five Years Amer. Educ. iv. 113 Now, particularly in the project work, both activities and aims are seen in terms of larger psychological reactions. 1958 Sunday Times 15 June 4/8 I want more, not less, practical mathematics in junior schools..and suitably graded mathematical project work in secondary schools. 1997 Independent 2 July 19/6 On Saturdays, meanwhile, the desperate scramble of teenagers with project work..can put off library users of other ages. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † projectadj. Forms: late Middle English proiecte, late Middle English (in a late copy) 1600s proiect, 1600s project. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prōiectus. Etymology: < classical Latin prōiectus lying outstretched or prone, prominent, projecting, rushing headlong, precipitate, abject, despised, use as adjective of past participle of prōicere project v. Compare project v., project n. Obsolete. I. As past participle. 1. Stretched out, extended. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > [adjective] > expanded or enlarged openOE outlargeda1425 dilatedc1450 dilate1471 project?a1475 ampliated1570 enlarged1599 widened1612 extended1713 expanded1742 broadened1744 dilatate1846 larged?a1919 upsized1977 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 295 (MED) This prouince, proiecte [L. projecta] by the longitude of the occean, hathe on the este to hit Turonea. 2. Given up, abandoned. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [adjective] > morally or spiritually ruined or lost > sunk in vice or abandoned project?a1475 forsaken1572 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 87 (MED) Proiecte [L. projecti] in the lustes of lechery, [þei] haue grete delectacion in women. II. In adjectival use. 3. Projecting outwards, protruding. ΚΠ 1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia 46 The mouth lying vpward vpon the proiect corner of the Coronice. 4. Perhaps: forward-thrusting; self-assertive, impudent.Apparently a use peculiar to Chapman. ΚΠ 1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois ii. 20 I would haue put that proiect face of his To a more test, than did her Dutchesship. ?1611 G. Chapman in tr. Homer Iliads iii. Comm. 78 For which yet his Criticus hath the project impudence to tax Homer. ?1624 G. Chapman tr. Hymn to Apollo in tr. Crowne Homers Wks. 44 With mindes proiect; exempt from list, or Lawe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021). projectv. Brit. /prəˈdʒɛkt/, U.S. /prəˈdʒɛk(t)/, /proʊˈdʒɛk(t)/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s proiecte, 1500s–1600s proiect, 1500s– project; U.S. regional (southern and south Midland) (in sense 1d) 1800s– projeck, 1800s– projick, 1900s– prodject, 1900s– projec', 1900s– projic'. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōiect-, prōicere. Etymology: < classical Latin prōiect-, past participial stem of prōicere to throw forth, to throw or cast away, to reject, to cause to jut out, to cast (light, reflection), to stretch out, to banish, expel, to give up, abandon, in post-classical Latin also to display (5th cent. in Augustine), (in alchemy) to throw or cast (c1140–1418 in a British source) < prō- pro- prefix¹ + iacere to throw (see jactation n.); in branch I. apparently chiefly after Middle French projetter , projecter (French projeter ) to conceive or propose an idea or plan (c1400 as pourjeter , 1452 as projetter ), to take steps to put something into action (1495 as pourgecter ), alteration with prefix substitution (reinterpreted as pour- pur- prefix and subsequently Latinized: compare note at pro- prefix¹) of pourgetter to cast away, cast down (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as purjeter : see parget v.); compare also slightly earlier project n. 1a. Compare classical Latin prōiectāre , frequentative in the sense ‘to banish, expel’. Compare also Italian proiettare (a1496). Compare project adj., project n. I. Senses relating to mental operations. 1. To plan, contrive, scheme. a. transitive. To devise or design (an action, proceeding, scheme, or undertaking); to form a project of.Formerly often in negative sense ‘to plot, scheme’; now usually in neutral or positive sense ‘to plan as a project, make a project of’. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] forethinkc897 bethinka1225 compass1297 contrivec1330 ordain1340 conjectc1380 imaginec1380 cast1382 ordaina1387 advisec1400 forecast1413 imagec1450 ordainc1450 project1477 foreminda1535 invent1539 aimc1540 practise1550 plat1556 trive1573 meditate1582 patterna1586 plot1589 platform1592 design1594 chew1600 forelay1605 to map out1618 to cut out1619 agitate1629 laya1631 plod1631 cut1645 calculate1654 concert1702 to scheme out1716 plan1718 model1725 to rough out1738 to lay out1741 plan1755 prethink1760 shape1823 programme1834 pre-plan1847 encompass1882 target1948 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [adjective] > to throw or cast a substance in or into, on, upon something project1477 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 10 For to ymagine and proiecte [Fr. ymaginer] the deth of his neuewe Jason. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. ii. 88 The rest of the Legions..proiected warre in their minds [L. bellum meditabantur]. 1671 I. Barrow Duty & Reward of Bounty 124 Thus hath God wisely projected, that all his Children should both effectually and quietly be provided for. 1679 J. Goodman Penitent Pardoned iii. iv. 308 Having projected the adjoining a neighbour Kingdom to his own dominions. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1664 (1955) III. 380 My Lord Chancellor..carried me..to see their Palace..& to project the Garden. 1708 Boston News-let. 15 Mar. 2/2 He is reported to be a dangerous Fellow, and suspected to be projecting some ill design with the French. 1733 E. Budgell Short Hist. Prime Ministers Great Brit. 28 He likewise projected the ruin of the Earl of Middlesex, then Lord Treasurer, and one of the King's most favoured Ministers. a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) iii. 131 I projected and drew up a Plan for the Union. 1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 181 He was a critical writer, projecting a system to which he strictly adhered. 1865 G. Grote Plato I. iv. 137 Sketches projected but abandoned. 1886 H. James Bostonians I. xviii. 232 Another visit to the young man's rooms was projected. 1940 J. Buchan Memory Hold-the-Door v. 105 He and I projected a Child's History of South Africa, for which he was to do the drawings and I the verses. 1990 Bull. Hispanic Stud. 67 431/1 Such conclusions are the result of the kind of empirical research Ciplijauskaité had projected in a paper given at the 1983 AIH conference. †b. transitive (with infinitive). To plan or scheme to do something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb] > plan to do something lay1573 plota1586 to cast aboutc1590 to put into (also in) practice1592 plat1596 project1600 to lay abouta1618 to lay out1651 plan1718 1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 164 For that Emanuel of Portugal who had proiected to make the Prior King. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Yorks. 191 King Richard..presently projecting to repair himself by a new Marriage. 1713 C. Johnson Successful Pyrate i. i. 4 He wisely projected to transport himself, with a Cargo of Essence, Snuff and Powder, to the West Indies. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. I. iii. 228 He even projected to clothe the people whom he took along with him in some peculiar garments. 1810 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) II. 293 I project already to complain of the completeness of the detail. 1892 A. Austin Fortunatus the Pessimist ii. viii. 149 Then she fled..projecting to return And cozen you more femininely when The hope within her womb smiled on her breast. †c. intransitive. To form a plan, design, or project; to scheme for something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (intransitive)] purveyc1300 propose1340 castc1380 worka1393 purposea1400 devisec1400 becast1563 plot1607 factitate1616 project1631 to cast, lay a scheme1704 plan1776 to plan on1914 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre v. ii. 70 in Wks. II Two maine works I haue to prosecute: first, one is to inuent some satisfaction for the poore, kinde wretch,..yonder I see him comming, I will walke aside, and proiect for it. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. xiv. 308 About this time John Dudley Duke of Northumberland projected for the English Crown. c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 64 The devil..projects and contrives against the church. 1756 W. Richardson Ess. Divine & Moral Subj. 224 We are..promising lasting advantages to ourselves: we are projecting, scheming, forming grand designs, and laying the foundations of future greatness. d. intransitive. U.S. regional (chiefly southern and south Midland). To scheme, experiment; to meddle, fool, trifle; (also) to wander, esp. while looking for something; to prowl. Frequently with around, with. Sometimes in form projeck, projick. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > [verb (transitive)] > by trifling with trifle with1523 sport1533 twaddle1797 palter1814 project1828 trivialize1846 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander > idly roil?c1335 gada1500 stavera1500 vaguea1525 scoterlope1574 idle1599 haika1605 saunter1671 stravaig1801 palmer1805 streel1805 taver1808 traik1818 gander1822 gallivant1823 gilravage1825 project1828 daud1831 meander1831 to knock about1833 to kick about1839 to knock round1848 piroot1858 sashay1865 june1869 tootle1902 slop1907 beetle1919 stooge1941 swan1942 1828 J. Hall Lett. from West 290 A man who goes into the woods..has a..great deal of projecking to do, as well as hard work. 1845 W. T. Thompson Major Jones' Chron. Pineville 107 You see what comes of your projectin' about town, when you ought to be gwine home. 1891 ‘O. Thanet’ Otto the Knight & Other Stories 66 Quality liked projeckin' roun' de kitchin. 1893 H. A. Shands Some Peculiarities Speech Mississippi 51 Projicking, a word used by negroes and illiterate whites to mean fooling, trifling; as, ‘If you don't stop your projickin' with me, I'll lick you.’ 1906 F. Lynde Quickening 135 Don't you know you oughtn't to go projecting around in the woods all alone? 1912 D. Marquis Danny's Own Story (2004) xviii. 130 Free or fouah dey bes' young colo'hed mens been projickin' aroun' dar all arternoon. 1929 W. Faulkner Sound & Fury 67 Is you been projecking with his graveyard? 1957 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 5 Feb. 8/1 It beats all get-out how some people are always tinkering and ‘projecking’ on how to do things different from the way most people do them. 1984 R. Wilder You All spoken Here 192 Projeckin', cutting up; frolicking; pranking; piddling. †2. transitive. To put forth, set forth, exhibit; to present to expectation; to predict or demonstrate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > offering for inspection or consideration > offer for inspection or consideration [verb (transitive)] i-taechec888 to lay … beforec1000 showlOE givec1175 to lay outc1440 produce1459 propose1548 cite1549 product1563 broach1573 offer1583 to hold up1604 to bring in1608 project1611 to bring ona1715 to trot out1838 to bring up1868 muster1904 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vi. xvi. 218/1 The care that this good Emperour had for the weale of his Subiects is proiected by his prouidence in making waies passageable from place to place. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 117 I cannot proiect mine owne cause so well To make it cleare. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 68 When the South projects a stormy Day, And when the clearing North will puff the Clouds away. View more context for this quotation 1762 New Acct. Inhabitants, Trade, & Govt. Spain iii. 20 This man, who must be allowed a great genius, projected the revival of the Spanish power, and the recovery of the Italian dominions, at a time when the former was thought very difficult. †3. transitive. To present to oneself in thought; to conceive, imagine. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > imagine or visualize [verb (transitive)] seeOE thinkOE bethinkc1175 devise1340 portraya1375 imagec1390 dreama1393 supposea1393 imaginea1398 conceive?a1425 fantasyc1430 purposea1513 to frame to oneselfa1529 'magine1530 imaginate1541 fancy1551 surmit?1577 surmise1586 conceit?1589 propose1594 ideate1610 project1612 figurea1616 forma1616 to call up1622 propound1634 edify1645 picture1668 create1679 fancify1748 depicture1775 vision1796 to conjure up1819 conjure1820 envisage1836 to dream up1837 visualize1863 envision1921 pre-visualize1969 1612 R. Sheldon 1st Serm. after Conversion 4 By their ambitious thoughts, they proiected to themselues a Messias like some Soueraigne Lord. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 45 Which (whatsoever some have projected) is unpossible. II. Senses relating to physical operations, and extended and derived uses. †4. a. transitive. Chiefly Alchemy and Chemistry. To throw or cast (a substance) in, into, on, or upon something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to miscellaneous other processes reduce?a1425 weaken1540 projecta1550 brown1570 spiritualize1593 colliquate1603 redisperse1621 imbibe1626 educe1651 to cant off1658 part1663 regalize1664 dint1669 roche1679 subtilizea1722 neutralize1744 develop1756 evolve1772 extricate1790 separate1805 unburn1815 leach1860 methylate1864 nitrate1872 nitre1880 sweeten1885 deflocculate1909 hybridize1959 a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 44^v We it call Our basilicke otherwise our Cockatrise..Whiche..so sleith crud mercurye When ther vppon it is proiect. 1597 tr. R. Bacon Mirror Alchimy vii. 15 Because also that spirituall Elixir..is so greatly prepared and decocted beyonde his nature, it is no maruaile that it cannot bee mixed with a body, on which it is proiected. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 125/1 Take five wallenuttes with their shelles, glowe them in the fyere, then proiecte them [Ger. wirffs] in a gobblet with oulde wine. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. i. sig. D The great medicine! Of which one part proiected on a hundred Of Mercurie, or Venus, or the Moone, Shall turne it, to as many of the Sunne. View more context for this quotation 1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) ii. ii. 353 When projected on red-hot nitre, it [sc. plumbago] should detonate. 1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 183 Five parts of flowers of sulphur and eight parts of iron borings are mixed together, and projected gradually into a red-hot crucible. 1873 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 163 308 The chloride of thallium..is dried, mixed with pure carbonate of sodium, and projected by small portions at a time into pure cyanide of potassium. b. intransitive. Alchemy. To throw or cast powdered philosopher's stone into a crucible of molten metal in order to effect its transmutation into gold or silver. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [verb (intransitive)] > transmutation multiplya1393 project1612 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B2^v You must be chiefe? as if you, onely, had The poulder to proiect with? View more context for this quotation 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. ii. sig. D2 My onely care is, Where to get stuffe, inough now, to proiect on This towne will not halfe serue me. View more context for this quotation 1680 J. J. Becher (title) Magnalia naturæ: or, the philosophers-stone lately expos'd to publick sight and sale,..how Wenceslaus Seilerus, the late famous projection-maker..made away with a very great quantity of pouder of projection, by projecting with it before the Emperor. †5. transitive. To throw or cast away; to reject. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject awarpc1000 forwerpeOE warpc1000 nillOE warnc1300 reprovec1350 to put abacka1382 to throw awaya1382 repugnc1384 to put awaya1387 waivec1386 forshoota1400 disavowc1400 defyc1405 disprovec1430 repelc1443 flemea1450 to put backa1500 reject?1504 refutea1513 repulse1533 refel1548 repudiate1548 disallowa1555 project?1567 expel1575 discard1578 overrule1578 forsay1579 check1601 decard1605 dismiss1608 reprobate1609 devow1610 retorta1616 disclaimc1626 noforsootha1644 respuate1657 reluctate1668 negative1778 no-ball1862 basket1867 to set one's foot down1873 not to have any (of it, that, this)1895 to put down1944 eighty-six1959 neg1987 ?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter xxvii. 63 Proiect not me: displeasantly, O Lord (my health) do not depart. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 77 Abstinence and fasting, are as Corsiues to ate out the dead-flesh of gluttony, drunkennes, and concupiscence..which so proiected and eaten out, Christ..will come and bind vp our wounds. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1303 There is no reason and probability, that any one should project this assertion also. 6. a. transitive. To throw, cast, or shoot forwards or onwards. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > propel protrude1554 propel1588 project1596 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. i. sig. Aa2 Before his feet her selfe she did proiect . View more context for this quotation 1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 148 It proiecteth..those excrements which sticke to the bowels. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 209 In War, holy things are projected to dogges. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Projectile The Line of Motion which a Body projected describes in the Air..is..the Curve of a Parabola. 1745 J. T. Desaguliers Course Experim. Philos. (rev. ed.) I. 305 Let a Ball be projected in the Direction ABCD, &c. 1807 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 151 If a body be projected upward, with the velocity it acquired in any time by descending freely, it will lose all its velocity in an equal time. 1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) i. 6 A body projected in space will move in a conic section. 1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith iv. ii. §1. 180 Thus we project into the realm of space a moral cause. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 53 The heat which would otherwise be projected into space. 1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxix. 468 As he went by on his skis,..his muscles elastic in a perfect, soaring trajectory, his body projected in pure flight. 2003 S.W.A.T. May 30/3 The..cartridge..projects a .30 caliber projectile at a nominal 2,800 feet-per-second . b. transitive. To cause (sound, the voice) to travel or to be audible at a distance. Also occasionally intransitive: (of sound or the voice) to travel or to be audible at a distance. ΚΠ 1803 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 195 The power of projecting the voice against a plain wall, so that it shall be reflected to a given point, is difficult. 1889 Proc. U.S. Naval Inst. 15 239 The sound [of a foghorn] should be projected in the direction determined upon by means of reflectors. 1905 F. Parsons in President Roosevelt's Railroad Policy 66 If I can absorb enough oxygen from this carbonaceous atmosphere to enable me to project my voice to the end of the hall, I will try to make three points. 1970 Times 2 Feb. 11/2 His voice projects more freely in the upper register than in the lower. 2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 May 67/3 The modern piano, with its enhanced capacity for sustaining and projecting sound, also seems to encourage exaggerated performances. 7. a. transitive. Cartography. To represent (the earth, sky, etc.) on a plane surface by means of a geometrical or other projection. Formerly also: †to make (a map) by projection (projection n. 2a) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > [verb (transitive)] > make projection project1615 1615 T. Roe Jrnl. 5 June in Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe (1899) I. 6 The longitude of the Cape by Mercator's proiection is rectefyed in 28°30′ from the Meridian of the Lizard, and is, I suppose, truly proiected. 1717 J. Green Constr. Maps & Globes i. xi. 73 (heading) Another way to project circular maps. 1752 D. Jennings Introd. Use Globes & Orrery i. i. 8 A Map projected upon the Plane of the Horizon of London, has London in the middle of it. 1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) I. i. 11 We were not able to determine whether they [sc. dials at Woolsthorpe] were executed by a tentative process..or were more accurately projected, from a knowledge of the doctrine of the sphere. 1866 R. A. Proctor Handbk. Stars 12 A simple method of projecting the meridians and parallels for any small portion of the celestial sphere. 1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 170 As if Shakespeare's world were one which Mercator could have projected. 1952 F. J. Monkhouse & H. R. Wilkinson Maps & Diagrams ii. 74 If two points on a hill-side are projected on to a horizontal plane, as they are on a map, the distance between them is known as the Horizontal Equivalent. 1972 M. Kline Math. Thought vii. 161 Hipparchus did invent orthographic projection, in which ‘light rays’, from infinity project the earth on a plane. b. transitive. Geometry. To draw straight lines or rays from a fixed point through every point of (a given figure) so that they intersect a surface and describe on it a new figure, each point of which corresponds to a point of the original. Formerly also: †to generate (a figure) in this way (obsolete). Hence more generally: to represent or delineate (a figure) on a surface according to a particular system of correspondence between its points and the points of the surface; to perform an analogous operation on (a figure or other object) in a space of different dimension. Cf. projection n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > form or represent geometrically [verb (transitive)] > construct or manipulate geometric object to pull out?a1560 apply1570 coapt1570 quadrate1623 raise1647 join1660 range1670 project1673 rabat1868 unsquare1872 1673 J. Collins Let. Apr. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1973) IX. 552 His [sc. Desargues'] designe was to, to treate of Conick Sections as projected from lesser Circles situated on the surface of the sphere. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 152 Winding Stairs are projected on a round Profile. 1714 J. Wilson Trigonometry iv. 118 The line of measures of any circle is that line in the primitive circle, in which the center of that circle, when projected, is found. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics i. 9 The truth of this rule may be found by projecting fig. 7 upon a large scale. 1854 J. D. Hooker Himalayan Jrnls. I. Pref. 17 I did not use instruments in projecting the outlines. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 798/1 Any conic can be projected into any other conic. 1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. ix. 488 It may happen that we wish to project the two crystals on a plane perpendicular to the twin-face. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) x. 260 Instead of using the above cumbrous figures it is usual to regard such models as projected upon a plane surface. 1981 M. A. Parker & F. Pickup Engin. Drawing (ed. 3) viii. 213 The oblique plane, when projected into the auxiliary elevation, is an inclined plane. 2002 G. Weiss tr. A. Sossinsky Knots iii. 35 In practice, seeing a knot means drawing it, that is, projecting it onto a suitably chosen plane to obtain what is called a knot diagram. c. transitive. Chiefly Economics. To calculate or forecast on the basis of present trends. Cf. projection n. 9. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (transitive)] > on the basis of present trends project1923 1923 Evening State Jrnl. (Nebraska) 17 Aug. 1/1 The observable trend ‘brainward’ if projected, fortells the nature of the future super-man. 1961 Ethical Outlook 47 93/2 Genuine human leadership..can project long-term goals for itself. 1964 R. K. Srivastava Projecting Manpower Demand ii. 8 If manpower considerations are accepted as one of the criteria that ought to influence long-term economic planning, it becomes necessary to ‘project’ manpower demands for given future periods. 1977 Sci. Amer. Jan. 43/2 If 11 million 1977-model automobiles are sold in the U.S., as is projected [etc.]. 1986 Times 23 Dec. 17/7 Contrary to developments in past cyclical upturns, inflation is projected to remain relatively subdued. 2002 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 20 Apr. 1554/1 Conceptually growth rates (GR) enable the future to be projected from actual past performance. 8. a. transitive. To place (a thing) so that it protrudes or juts out; to cause to jut out, stand out, or protrude. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project from (something) [verb (transitive)] > cause to project or stretch forth straightc1400 protend?a1475 shoot1533 raise1568 to set out1573 project1624 protrude1638 to start out1653 penthouse1655 portend1657 to throw out1689 obtend1697 to lay out1748 bumfle1832 out-thrust1855 rank1867 1624 [implied in: H. Wotton Elements Archit. 42 All the projected or Iutting Parts (as they are termed) be very moderate, especially, the Cornices of the lower Orders. (at projected adj. 1)]. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 148 The better way is..to project it an Inch and a half beyond the side of the Building. 1700 J. Dryden To Dutchess of Ormond in Fables sig. A2^v The Land..had met Your Way, Projected out a Neck, and jutted to the Sea. 1765 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 264 Going to project out Bow windows from their houses. 1824 J. C. Loudon Green-house Compan. i. 7 A noble conservatory or green-house may be projected from the south front. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. v. 181 Strong structures, supported upon piers, had been projected, reaching..five hundred feet into the stream. 1909 Catholic Encycl. V. 258/1 Both structural and liturgical needs would alike be served if the piers which support the dividing arch were projected inwards. b. intransitive. To jut out; to stick out or protrude beyond the adjacent parts. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)] tootc897 shootc1000 to come outOE abuta1250 to stand outc1330 steek?c1335 risea1398 jutty14.. proferc1400 strutc1405 to stick upa1500 issuec1515 butt1523 to stick outc1540 jut1565 to run out1565 jet1593 gag1599 poke1599 proke1600 boke1601 prosiliate1601 relish1611 shoulder1611 to stand offa1616 protrude1704 push1710 projecta1712 protend1726 outstand1755 shove1850 outjut1851 extrude1852 bracket1855 to corbel out1861 to set out1892 pier1951 a1712 G. Martine Reliquiæ Divi Andreae (1797) 182 The chaple..projects out upon it [sc. the steeple] about two foot. 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 417 The craggy rock projects above the sky. 1793 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 722 As the boughs all temptingly project. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 350 The booths..projected far into the streets. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) vi. 267 The promontories of Tyre, Sidon, and Beirût project further..than those of Ascalon, Jaffa, Dor or Acre. 1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xvi. 190 From the interior face of the west wall of the tower projected a little canopy. 1940 E. Hemingway For whom Bell Tolls xx. 258 The trunks of the pines projected from the snow that covered all the ground. 1977 M. Girouard Sweetness & Light v. 116 A miniature bay window projects from the drawing-room. 2000 Massage Mag. May–June 93/1 The Hand-L looks rather like a wavy stick, with a comfortable hand-grip in the middle and two slightly different rounded massage tips projecting out at either end. 9. a. transitive. To throw (light or shadow) on to a surface or into space; to cause (light or shade) to appear on a surface. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > shine [verb (transitive)] shedc1200 showa1400 yet?c1400 throw1565 reflex1590 emit1626 fling1637 projectc1645 strike1697 slip1873 shine1889 c1645 E. Waller Battle of Summer-Islands i. 52 The palma-christi, and the fair papà, Now but a seed.., In half the circle of the hasty year Project a shade, and lovely fruits do wear. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 43 The smallest Atom..was presented as big as a Rounseval-Pea, and projecting a shade. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 73 If with a Prisme you strike the Rainbow-colours upon a wall, and observing where a red is projected. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Dial Moon-Dial, or Lunar Dial, is that which shews the Hour of the Night, by means of the Light, or Shadow of the Moon projected thereon from an Index. 1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 169 In all the other positions..the lunar cone of shade is projected into space away from the Earth. 1893 A. Bierce Can Such Things Be? 217 The fire was..projecting spectral shadows on the walls. 1943 A. Koestler Arrival & Departure iii. 86 He stared at the ceiling..on which the shutters projected a streaky shadow-pattern of grey and white ribs. 1997 I. Sinclair Lights out for Territory (1998) 73 Elegiac light shimmered on the rails of the steps, projecting tree shadows through the meshed windows of the death shack. b. transitive. To cause (an image or representation of an object) to form on a surface (originally esp. the retina) as a result of action elsewhere; (in later use) spec. to cause (the image on a film, slide, etc.) to appear on a screen for viewing (cf. sense 9d). Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > use optical skills and techniques [verb (transitive)] > use other techniques project1865 collimate1868 web1883 vignette1945 track1950 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > use optical skills and techniques [verb (intransitive)] > use specific techniques project1979 1692 W. Molyneux Dioptrica Nova 173 The Rays..fall on the third Eye Glass l; By whose means we may imagine the Distinct Base g m n projected distinctly on the Retina of the Eye. 1715 J. T. Desaguliers in A. Pitcairn Wks. To Transl. sig. a2^v No Image will be projected on the Retina, the meeting Points of the refracted Rays being far beyond it. 1796 J. Crisp Observ. Nature & Theory Vision iii. 64 In a certain position of the eyes the object to which they are directed, though equally projected on each retina, appears single. 1865 Rep. 34th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1864 ii. 98 The impressive character of the image projected [by a magic lantern], being often stereoscopic in aspect. 1897 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 1896 18 367 The optical imperfections of the eye and the effects of its aperture..contribute..to project on the retina images differing to a varying degree from the original object. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 95/2 In the magic lantern an electric lamp or limelight..projects, through an objective lens, the successive images of the film upon a distant screen. 1964 Photogr. Jrnl. 104 152/1 Microfilm images..can be projected directly on to printing plates. 1979 ‘D. Meiring’ Foreign Body ii. 30 Now it's film time... We'll project on the wall, just to the left of the bar. 1997 Flight Internat. 18 June 45/1 VRD technology allows the electronic images and information to be projected on to the retina of the viewer's eye. c. transitive. To cause (a figure, image, or shadow) to appear or stand out against a background. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be or make visible [verb (transitive)] > make distinct > by contrast relieve1700 project1832 pinpoint1943 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic ii. 25 If a living figure had been projected against the strong light which imprinted these durable spectra of the sun. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 73 He..saw Huxley's form projected against the sky as he stood upon a pinnacle of rock. 1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent vii. 212 The policeman on the beat projected his sombre and moving form against the luminous glory of oranges and lemons. 1996 R. Alvarez Hometown Boy (1999) iv. 63 Even the wing-ding's shadow, projected against the side of the museum when the sun begins to drop, is captivating. d. transitive. To cause the image on (a photograph, film, or slide) to become visible on a screen. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > projection > project a film [verb (transitive)] project1897 unreel1909 unspool1940 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > view photographs [verb (transitive)] > project on to screen project1897 screen1912 1897 R. W. Paul Brit. Patent 4686/1896 1 My invention relates to an improved apparatus for producing representations of moving scenes, figures or objects by projecting onto a screen..a series of photographic pictures of such scenes... In order to give a definite position to the picture on the film which is to be projected I prefer to employ the following mechanism. 1912 F. A. Talbot Moving Pictures ix. 91 The film to be projected is carried upon a spool mounted on an arm or bracket above the mechanism. 1949 M. K. Kidd & C. W. Long Filmstrip & Slide Projection 8 Often miniature slides can be projected in the standard projector (some of which project both miniature slides and filmstrips). 1971 L. B. Happé Basic Motion Pict. Technol. i. 37 Corresponding prints could..be projected by similar anamorphic lenses to show a picture filling a very wide screen. 1994 N. Baker Size of Thoughts (1996) 39 After it passed through the ‘gate’ (where it is actually projected), the film usually travels through the sound head. 10. figurative (chiefly from senses 6 and 9). a. transitive. To transfer or transmit (something) as by means of the imagination into (also on) another place, time, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > give mental shape to [verb (transitive)] to body forth1600 realize1646 project1846 1846 J. Forster Statesmen Commonw. of Eng. 407/1 Cromwell had already projected himself too far into the future. a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1855) 1st Ser. xii. 205 The Greek had strong human feelings and sympathies. He projected his own self on nature; humanized it. 1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness x. 94 The very image of Christ..as it was projected upon the mind of the Jew. 1874 J. A. Symonds Siena in Sketches Italy & Greece 58 Ideas were projected from her vivid fancy upon the empty air around her. 1878 S. Cox Salv. Mundi (ed. 3) iv. 94 Can we not project ourselves so far into the future as to anticipate the time when [etc.]? 1931 J. T. Shipley Quest for Lit. vi. 232 Just how does one project oneself into one's past, or imagined, experiences? 1940 P. Montague Way of Things 5 The novelty, unity, and symmetry imposed by the philosopher's own temperament, which he has in some sense projected and objectified in his portrait of the cosmos. 1977 G. Clark World Prehist. (ed. 3) ix. 385 One should be careful not to project into the remote past the elaborate social arrangements of the recent Indians. 1992 Times 12 Sept. (Sat. Review) 32/1 Fernando Pessoa..projected himself into three distinct personae besides his own. He called these alter egos his ‘heteronyms’. 2005 Observer 16 Jan. (Mag.) 57/4 Remember to remain centred in the moment, rather than project your mind forward into an imaginary future that invariably makes you anxious. b. transitive. Spiritualism and Parapsychology. To separate (oneself) from one's physical body; to move into a state of astral projection: see astral projection n. at astral adj. and n. Additions. Also intransitive. ΚΠ 1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. 25 The occasional power of some agent to project himself phantasmally; to make himself manifest, as though in actual presence, to some percipient at a distance. 1983 S. MacLaine Out on Limb xiv. 194 That is the result of the soul astrally projecting to the new house. 1994 Impact Oct. 44/2 I decided that rather than actually go to Woodstock '94, I would close my eyes, say a little ‘om’, light a scented candle and astrally project myself..to that little farm in Saugerties, New York. c. transitive. Psychology. To attribute (an emotion, state of mind, etc.) to an external object or person, esp. unconsciously. Also intransitive. Cf. projection n. 6c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > transfer of feelings > attribute to other [verb (transitive)] project1904 introject1925 1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 692 He probably projects into the mental life of others what is present in his own subconsciousness. 1911 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 22 435 The paranoiac projects all interests, which have become painful, into the external world. 1923 J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist iv. 167 Certain neurotic types project their depression so as to colour everything that comes into their cognizance a gloomy black. 1925 A. Strachey & J. Strachey tr. S. Freud Coll. Papers III. 458 It was incorrect of us to say that the perception which was suppressed internally was projected outwards; the truth is rather..that what was abolished internally returns from without. 1966 I. G. Sarason Personality xii. 181 A defense mechanism through which an individual unconsciously projects his own undesirable characteristics to others than himself. 1988 M. Dibdin Ratking vi. 141 It's not me who's unhappy, it's her! She's projecting her problems on to me. 2005 Psychologies (U.K. ed.) Dec. 80/1 You may not consider yourself a fake person, but manipulating and projecting our own, and others', emotions is something we do every day. d. transitive. To convey to others, esp. by one's manner and actions (a particular personality, character, or image); to display or present (an emotion or quality) in one's behaviour. Also intransitive: to communicate one's character, attributes, etc., to others; to make one's presence felt.Earliest of an actor on the stage, and hence in origin perhaps a transferred use of 6b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > be affected by impression [verb (intransitive)] > have effect to pierce one's stomach1509 reverberate1608 impose1625 bite1638 to strike home1694 to cut ice (with someone)1894 register1913 project1933 1933 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 14 Dec. 32 b Charles Winninger, who plays the role, is the exact physical counterpart of the character he projects so effectively by voice alone. 1949 H. Robbins Dream Merchants 337 I'm an actress and sometimes it's important for me to feel the emotions I project, otherwise I wouldn't be any good to you at all. 1955 Psychiatry 18 217/2 The self-evaluation projected by his clothes and manner. 1957 Economist 12 Oct. 130/1 This matter of ‘projection’ is taken very seriously. ‘He simply doesn't project’ can be as final a dismissal of political aspiration as the fact that a man is known to have beaten a whole series of wives. 1959 Encounter Sept. 50/2 Competing with the roar of the machines..the actors struggle to project. 1960 News Chron. 28 July 4/5 Unable to ‘project’ publicly, in private he deploys considerable private charm. 1976 New Yorker 9 Feb. 94/3 Weiss projects no character, he remains a stick figure. 1991 J. Gavin Intimate Nights i. 37 Latouche admired..her flair at projecting the character of a comically world-weary, overpartied, underslept New Yorker. 2002 Time Out N.Y. 18 Apr. 32/2 With his close-cropped hair, solid build and three-piece sartorial style, he projects a Kojak-like image. 11. Physiology and Anatomy. a. transitive (in passive). Originally (of a subcortical part of the nervous system): to be represented upon or on the cerebral cortex. Later also: to be connected to (a specified part of the nervous system). Cf. projection n. 7. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [verb (passive)] > reception or transmission of impulses project1872 1872 H. Power tr. T. Meynert in S. Stricker Man. Human & Compar. Histol. II. xxxi. 372 Since now this organization effects the content of the sensory shell of the cortex of the cerebrum with various forms of sensory impressions derived from the outside world, the image of which is coincidently projected upon the cortex, the name of projection system is very appropriate to this great segment of the nervous system. 1902 J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. II. 414/2 The radiations taken together are called the ‘projection system’, the lower centres being projected upon the cortex. 1925 Jrnl. Neurol. & Psychopathol. 6 5 We draw the conclusion that the upper part of the retina in apes is projected on the medial side of the corpus geniculatum externum. 2004 Acta Histochemica 106 368 Demyelinization in axons which are projected to the CNS may lead to molecular and metabolic abnormalities in neuronal bodies. b. intransitive. To send nerve fibres or impulses to a specified part of the nervous system. Also with on, upon. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > so as to impinge on something pat1567 repose1582 inject1599 flap1877 project1936 the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [verb (intransitive)] > reception or transmission of impulses project1936 1936 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 64 37 The anterior thalamic nuclei project to a small part of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe... The nucleus ventralis posterior, projects entirely upon the cortex of the central sulcus and the postcentral convolution. 1951 T. C. Ruch in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. iv. 125/2 The ablation of a cortical area truncates the axons running to it, and the locus of the resulting retrograde degeneration establishes which thalamic nucleus projects to the particular area ablated. 1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 16 34/1 The fibers of the internal corticotectal tract..project on the superior colliculi and pretectal nuclei. 2004 Jrnl. Physiol. 557 543 The majority of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones..have their cell bodies in the jugular ganglia and project to the airways via the superior laryngeal nerves. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1450adj.?a1475v.1477
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