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单词 protend
释义

protendv.

Brit. /prəʊˈtɛnd/, U.S. /proʊˈtɛnd/
Forms: late Middle English portend, late Middle English– protend, 1500s protende.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French protendre, portendre; Latin prōtendere.
Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman and Middle French protendre to extend (1389 or earlier in Anglo-Norman; variant of portendre: see portend v.2), and partly < classical Latin prōtendere to stretch forth, extend, to hold out, to prolong, lengthen, in post-classical Latin also to portend (a804, subsequently from c1250 in British sources) < prō- pro- prefix1 + tendere tend v.2With the form portend compare discussion s.v. pro- prefix1. The form protend is also found in later use in sense 4, almost certainly as a typographical error for portend v.1 With sense 5 compare protention n.
1.
a. transitive. To cause to project; to put forth, stretch forth; to thrust forward. Also figurative. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project from (something) [verb (transitive)] > cause to project or stretch forth
straightc1400
protend?a1475
shoot1533
raise1568
to set out1573
project1624
protrude1638
to start out1653
penthouse1655
portend1657
to throw out1689
obtend1697
to lay out1748
bumfle1832
out-thrust1855
rank1867
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 217 (MED) ij horrible blasynge sterres apperede..protendenge [L. protendentes] grete flammes from theym into the northe.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Protend, to set, put, cast, or stretch forth.
a1688 R. Cudworth Treat. Eternal & Immutable Morality (1731) iv. i. 127 Not Stamps or Impressions passively printed upon the Soul from without, but Ideas vitally protended or actively exerted from within it self.
1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 887 [Ajax] Now shakes his Spear, now lifts, and now protends.
1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 533 Why did not the Earth protend her verdurous offerings.
1852 G. Grote Hist. Greece IX. ii. lxix. 25 The spears were protended, the trumpets sounded.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. IV. xiii. 31 He, protending his broad targe, It [sc. a dart] bet back.
2002 R. Steiner in R. Lasky Symbolization & Desymbolization iv. 119 The vivid image of you..eating and at the same time speaking with me, constantly moving and protending yourself toward me.
b. intransitive. To stretch forward; to stick out, protrude. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]
tootc897
shootc1000
to come outOE
abuta1250
to stand outc1330
steek?c1335
risea1398
jutty14..
proferc1400
strutc1405
to stick upa1500
issuec1515
butt1523
to stick outc1540
jut1565
to run out1565
jet1593
gag1599
poke1599
proke1600
boke1601
prosiliate1601
relish1611
shoulder1611
to stand offa1616
protrude1704
push1710
projecta1712
protend1726
outstand1755
shove1850
outjut1851
extrude1852
bracket1855
to corbel out1861
to set out1892
pier1951
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 66/1 Its two horns or wings protending forwards.
1848 A. H. Clough Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich iii. 61 Prone with hands and feet protending.
1934 Art Bull. 16 234 The heads slanted in yet another direction, protending buffer-like from the apertures.
2.
a. transitive. To cause to be extended in length, or in one dimension of space; (Geometry) to produce (a line). In passive: to extend, stretch, reach (from one point to another). Also figurative. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [verb (transitive)] > lengthen
elongc1420
protend?a1475
lengthen1555
extend1569
produce1570
prolong1574
elongate1578
carry1587
run1630
continue1667
to run outa1670
prolongate1671
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 49 The thridde parte, which is Affrica, is protendede from the weste in to the meridien in to the coste of Egipte.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 35 Kynge Offa causede a longe diche to be made..whiche..protendethe hit vn to the durre of the floode of Dee behynde Chestre.
1639 E. Chilmead tr. R. Hues Learned Treat. Globes Pref. sig. C2 Parallels, are Lines equidistant from each other: which though they should be protended infinitely, would never meet in one point.
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 126 One entire street..protended in a right line from the Castle to Holy-rood-house.
1723 E. Stone tr. N. Bion Constr. & Principal Uses Math. Instruments viii. iii. 232 His [sc. the sun's] Rays fall parallel to the Surfaces of Equinoctial Dials, and the Shadows of their Styles are indefinitely protended.
1777 T. Campbell Philos. Surv. S. Ireland i. 3 London is more protended in length.
1876 W. Alexander Bampton Lect. (1877) 9 Whether, and how far, the thought and personality of the Psalmists were protended to, and absorbed by, the Divine object of their contemplation.
1909 D. J. Snider Cosmos & Diacosmos i. i. 123 If the straight line has to be endowed with infinite divisibility in order to bend it into the curve, what becomes of it when infinitely protended?
b. transitive. To increase in magnitude or amount, to enlarge. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)]
echeOE
ekec1200
multiplya1275
morea1300
increase13..
vaunce1303
enlargec1380
augmenta1400
accrease1402
alargea1425
amply?a1425
great?1440
hainc1440
creasec1475
grow1481
amplea1500
to get upa1500
improve1509
ampliatea1513
auge1542
over1546
amplify1549
raise1583
grand1602
swell1602
magnoperate1610
greaten1613
accresce1626
aggrandize1638
majoratea1651
adauge1657
protend1659
reinforce1660
examplify1677
pluralize1750
to drive up1817
to whoop up1856
to jack up1884
upbuild1890
steepen1909
up1934
1659 H. L'Estrange Alliance Divine Offices 319 Protending and contracting it..according to the rate and assise of the Office.
1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 244 He begetteth or Principleth the Number next in Nature, and that is Two... The Monad is Protended, which begetteth Two.
3. transitive. To extend in duration; to protract, prolong. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > cause to endure, sustain, or prolong
lengOE
drawOE
teec1200
forlengtha1300
lengtha1300
drivec1300
tarryc1320
proloynec1350
continuec1380
to draw alonga1382
longa1382
dretch1393
conservea1398
to draw (out) in, into, at, or on lengtha1400
prorogue1419
prolongc1425
aroomc1440
prorogate?a1475
protend?a1475
dilate1489
forlong1496
relong1523
to draw out1542
sustentate1542
linger1543
defer1546
pertract1548
propagate1548
protract1548
linger1550
lengthen1555
train1556
detract?a1562
to make forth (long, longer)1565
stretch1568
extend1574
extenuate1583
dree1584
wire-draw1598
to spin out1603
trail1604
disabridge1605
produce1605
continuate1611
out-length1617
spin1629
to eke out1641
producta1670
prolongate1671
drawl1694
drag1697
perennate1698
string1867
perennialize1898
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 189 Hit awe to be protended [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. schal dure; L. debet protendi] unto þe eve of the xxjti. day.
1659 H. L'Estrange Alliance Divine Offices 150 All..high Fasts were protended and reached to the evening thereof.
1836 W. Hamilton tr. I. Kant in Edinb. Rev. Jan. 448 The starry Heaven..protends it also to the illimitable times of their periodic movement.
4. transitive. To portend. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)]
betokenc1275
bode1387
prognostica1400
pretend1402
prognosticate?a1425
ossc1450
importc1487
prognostify1495
protendc1554
presage1562
abode1573
boden1573
denounce1581
importune1590
prejudicate1595
foretoken1598
ominate1598
auspicate1604
divine1607
foredeem1612
warranta1616
augur1630
preaugurate1635
prewarna1637
prenote1641
preominate1646
forespeak1667
omen1697
betidea1799
bespeak1851
c1554 (title) Here begynneth the nature, and dysposycyon of the dayes in the weke, and sheweth what the thondre in euery moneth in the yere, chaunsynge, doth protende and sygnyfye.
1576 T. Hill Moste Pleasaunte Arte Interpretacion of Dreames (new ed.) sig. I iii The whyte grapes [in the dream] do protende a plentifull, & easy encrease of labour.
c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 235 This [sc. a young pig] protendit sum mischeiff to this burgh.
1615 T. Bastard 12 Serm. vi. 116 All these things are spiritually performed in vs, which the lawes, signes, and figures did protend.
1714 J. Brightland Useful Compan. sig. Hh A Dry and Warm March, Protends a plentiful Year.
1743 H. Bracken Farriery Improved (ed. 3) II. 337 These Signatures of Nature protend a good or evil Disposition in us.
5. transitive. Philosophy. In phenomenology: to extend (the consciousness or perception of a present act or event) into the future. Cf. protention n.
ΚΠ
1930 Jrnl. Philos. 27 541 Every temporal object in consciousness is either (1) an impression disclosed in perception or..(4) an impression protended (or anticipated) in the future.
1974 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 34 433 The [musical] theme itself is retended and protended according to the style requirements of a composition, and the expectations aroused in the listener.
2001 J. R. Mensch Postfoundational Phenomenol. v. 105 The sequential patterns I anticipate are..embodied concretely in the perceptions I protend.

Derivatives

proˈtended adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > [adjective] > specific part of body > forward
protensed1578
protended1816
1604 W. Willymat Loyal Subiects Looking-glasse (new ed.) ii. 26 In the meane time none of these by matters nor hoate protended excuses can discharge thy duty and obedience.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 243 They lie protected there, By her large Buckler, and protended Spear.
a1740 T. Tickell Fragm. on Hunting in Poet. Wks. (1781) 74 Such be the dog..thou mean'st to train,..Large leg'd, dry sol'd, and of protended claw.
1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) II. xxi. 224 The terrific and protended jaws of the stag-beetle.
1875 W. W. Lloyd Age of Pericles II. lvii. 305 The features of the warrior were so far concealed by his protended spear as perhaps to make the likeness a matter of conjecture.
1904 Burlington Mag. Jan. 53/1 The characteristic action of the protended foreleg and the pose of the hind leg, as well as the treatment of the hair, find their exact counterpart in medal and drawing.
1997 Ethnomusicology 41 472 It is this figure/ground relationship between present beat and the protended and retained beats that constitutes the experience of any beat as a quarter note and as a division of the bar.
proˈtending n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [adjective]
steepc1000
tooting?c1225
strutting1387
prominent?1440
extant1540
eminent?1541
pouting1563
poking1566
out1576
egregious1578
promontory1579
out-pointed1585
buttinga1593
outjetting1598
perking1598
jettying1609
juttying1609
out-jutting1611
outstanding1611
upsticking1611
out-shooting1622
jutting1624
outgrowing1625
rank1625
toting1645
projectinga1652
porrected1653
protruded1654
protruding1654
upcast1658
protending1659
jettinga1661
raised1663
starting1680
emersed1686
exerted1697
projective1703
jet-out1709
exorbitant1715
sticking1715
foreright1736
poky1754
perked-up1779
salient1789
prouda1800
overdriven1812
extrusive1816
stand-up1818
shouldering1824
jutty1827
outflung1830
sticky-out1839
sticking-up1852
outreaching1853
protrusive1858
out-thrusting1869
stickout1884
protrudent1891
1659 H. L'Estrange Alliance Divine Offices 267 The protending of the Hand towards the West.
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica i. ii. 26 A huge protending rock.
a1894 R. B. W. Noel Coll. Poems (1902) 463 The mocking mountain ill sustains, With his huge protending flanks, And the maned sea-surge in ranks Chafing round his iron feet.
1989 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 49 389 Each Now in its concreteness prescribes the effectiveness of the past upon it and the protending of specifics into the future.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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