α. 1600s programe (Scottish), 1600s (Scottish) 1700s– program (see note below).
β. 1600s– programme, 1800s programm.
programmeprogramn.
/ˈprəʊɡram/, U.S. /ˈproʊˌɡræm/, /ˈproʊɡrəm/ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > a placard, notice, or bill
bill1480
placard1560
ticket1567
pancart1577
affix1589
si quis1597
affiche1602
placketa1605
programme1633
programmaa1661
advertisement1692
clap-bill1699
handbill1718
daybill1731
show bill?a1750
notice1766
play-card1778
card1787
posting bill1788
poster1818
sticker1862
flyer1889
paper1896
1633 W. Struther True Happines 38 The beginning of his discourse..is like a program affixed on the entrie of a citie.
1682 in Sc. Antiquary (1901) July 4 [They] determined..without affixing any previous programe or using any examinatione to appoint the said Mr. J. Y.
1759 J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council &Session, 1678–1712 I. 272 By a placard or printed program she had intimated the conditions on which she took them [sc. horses] in [to the King's Park of Holyrood-house].
1775 J. Howie Biographia Scoticana 193 The masters of the college emitted a program, and sent it to all the universities of the kingdom.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. i. 14 ‘Woman,’ said he, ‘is that advertisement thine?’ showing a bit of crumpled printed paper... ‘Will three shillings transport me to Queensferry agreeably to thy treacherous program?’
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. xiii. 306 The transactions of the morning were..announced..by the following program.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > essay > [noun] > other types of essay
paper1652
by-paper1659
communication1668
programme1671
memoira1680
photo-essay1948
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > prologue or introduction
forespeechc1000
prologuec1350
proemya1382
preamblec1395
proemc1410
exordyc1430
prolocutory1447
protocolc1450
forespeaking1480
preface1484
prooemiumc1485
preparation1526
introduction1529
induction1533
introducement1536
epistle?1548
prelude1548
proposition1553
foretalk1565
exordium1581
prolegomenons1600
inducement1605
isagoge1652
propylaeum1693
programma1711
foreword1842
foretalking1872
programme1880
pronaos1894
peritext1977
epitext1978
1671 H. Stubbe Lord Bacons Relation to Sweating-sickness Examined 56 At Naples..the Colledge of Physicians caused many [bodies] to be dissected: I have not met with the Programme published by them.
1724 J. Morgan in L. E. Du Pin & J. de Vayrac Hist. Revol. Spain I. Pref. p. xii. As has already been offer'd in our Program to our Translation of Mariana, which we published some time since.
1753 tr. F. I. Espiard de la Borde Spirit of Nations v. viii. 314 The Title or rather the Program [Fr. le Programme] of Terence's Plays informs us, that such a Piece was acted to the grave Theses.
1831 T. Carlyle Early German Lit. in Crit. & Misc. Ess. (1872) III. 182 A series of Selections, Editions, Translations, Critical Disquisitions, some of them in the shape of Academic Program.
1833 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. July 525 The director, or one of the masters, in an official program, is to render an account of the condition and progress of the school.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii. 39/1 Scraps of regular Memoir, College Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimoniums.
1880 J. Morrison in Expositor 11 461 Such is the derivation..given by Niemeyer in his Programm on the expression.
1884 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 5 504 He admires greatly Hermann's program on ‘Interpolations in Homer’.
3. An advance notice describing any formal proceedings, as an entertainment, a course of study, etc.; esp. a sheet or booklet containing information (such as the schedule, participants, etc.) relating to a concert, play, sporting event, or other public entertainment, issued (usually by sale) to members of the audience; a prospectus, a syllabus; (hence) the contents of such an entertainment considered collectively, the performance as a whole.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance
entertainment1640
performance1696
programme1799
set-out1818
slang1861
perf1919
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > arranging > planned series of events or programme > prospectus, programme, or syllabus
programma1789
programme1799
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > item in > bill of items
bill1666
programme1799
double bill1895
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > item in > collectively
programme1881
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. sig. Ppv3 Programme,..(Terme de College..) a Bill set up to give publick Notice of the Exercise to be performed in the School.]
1799 Let. 14 Dec. in Meteors No. 3. 132 I have sent you a short scene of the first Act, in addition to the Programme.
1808 Sporting Mag. 32 43 The program of the Pantomime differs materially in the exhibition.
1823 New Monthly Mag. 7 2 Anticipating the amusement of the month, by a regular program (that is a nice new word I have just imported from France, to supply the hacknied common-place of a ‘bill of the play’)—a regular program, I say, on the second page of your coloured cover.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xiv. 127 Mrs. Kenwigs and Miss Petowker had arranged a small programme of the entertainments.
1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. xiii. 349 According to the programme of study drawn up for the grammar school of Glasgow.
1881 in Grove Dict. Music III. 33/2 Programmes are now commonly restricted in length to 2 hours or 2½... Formerly concerts were of greater length.
1907 Chicago Tribune 8 May 7 The ‘Headliners’ on the program will be James Whitcomb Riley, George Ade, etc.
1928 Daily Express 20 July 17/5 Greycing... Programmes..for tonight's greyhound racing meetings.
1935 W. Faulkner Pylon 152 It's about the programs. The printed ones—you know.
1959 Observer 6 Dec. 4/5 Programmes of music, talks and plays were ‘piped’ to individual seats, each passenger having lightweight earphones with volume control.
1975 Cricketer May 41/3 (advt.) Immediate cash paid for all programmes up to 1960 £5 minimum pre-war cup finals.
1982 H. Rosenthal My Mad World of Opera i. 3 Ever since that first opera visit I have kept my programme and ticket stubs.
2006 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 23 Jan. 6 The dance programme featured four works..all choreographed by the Dutch company's founder Itzik Galili.
4. More generally: a plan or scheme of any intended proceedings (whether in writing or not); an outline or abstract of something to be done. Also: a planned series of activities or events; an itinerary.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan
redeeOE
devicec1290
casta1300
went1303
ordinancec1385
intentc1386
imaginationa1393
drifta1535
draught1535
forecast1535
platform1547
ground-plat?a1560
table1560
convoy1565
design1565
plat1574
ground-plota1586
plot1587
reach1587
theory1593
game1595
projectment1611
projecting1616
navation1628
approach1633
view1634
plan1635
systema1648
sophism1657
manage1667
brouillon1678
speculationa1684
sketch1697
to take measures1698
method1704
scheme1704
lines1760
outline1760
measure1767
restorative1821
ground plan1834
strategy1834
programme1837
ticket1842
project1849
outline plan1850
layout1867
draft1879
dart1882
lurk1916
schema1939
lick1955
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > arranging > planned series of events or programme
programme1837
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. ii. i. 95 From the best scientific program,..to the actual fulfilment, what a difference.
1839 Eclectic Rev. 1 Jan. 24 The general satisfaction which had been produced by the ministerial programme.
1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. iv. 114 In accordance with this program Philip proceeded stealthily.
1892 H. Sweet New Eng. Gram. Pref. 9 A less ambitious program would further allow of greater thoroughness within its narrower limits.
1919 J. Reed Ten Days that shook World ii. 19 On the other side of the chamber the Mensheviki Internationalists and the Left Socialist Revolutionaries advocated immediate peace, land to the peasants, and workers' control of industry—practically the Bolshevik programme.
1937 J. Nehru Let. 22 Feb. in Freedom's Daughter (1989) iii. 318 I am giving you below my provisional programme in case you wish to communicate with me by cable.
1977 Nature 11 Aug. 487/2 A joint programme to provide a set of soil structure standards..has been under way for five years at the Universities of Warsaw and Moscow.
2005 Daily Tel. 4 Jan. 21/4 One major company had maintained a secret testing programme in Germany.
5. Music. A sequence of scenes or events intended to be conveyed by a piece of music, or serving as the inspiration or basis for a composition. Hence in other artistic fields: a subject, theme, or idea forming the basis for a piece of work.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > programme music > programme
programme1854
1854 H. F. Chorley Mod. German Mus. II. 306 There is no parroting such a programme..to an opera as the overture to ‘Leonora’.
1883 G. Grove Dict. Music III. 34/2 There is a growing tendency amongst critics and educated musicians to invent imaginary ‘programmes’ where composers have mentioned none.
1944 W. Apel Harvard Dict. Music 605/1 In the final analysis, there are two types of program music: that which is good music regardless of the program; and that which is poor music even with a ‘good’ program.
1963 Listener 21 Mar. 511/1 Recent theories about the programme of the chapel have reflected the same unease.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 231/3 Only in the so-called Romantic era, from Beethoven to Richard Strauss, is the program an essential concept.
1986 Music Teacher May 32/1 Robert Schumann said that listeners should be shielded from ‘programmes’ (i.e. descriptive writing imposing specific images on the music).
1988 Renaissance Stud. 2 279 Mayer had suggested..that the programme of Titian's picture was devised by Pietro Bembo.
6. = dance programme n. at dance n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > ball or dance > [noun] > dance programme or card
ball-book1842
dance-card1895
programme1899
dance programme1906
1863 Times 31 Oct. 14/5 (advt.) Ball programmes, cards, and bills of fare, printed and stamped with arms, coronet, or crest, in the latest fashion.
1886 R. Kipling My Rival in Departm. Ditties (ed. 2) 32 My prettiest frocks and sashes Don't help to fill my programmes up.
1899 A. E. W. Mason Miranda of Balcony iv. 40 He compared programmes with Miranda... Four dances must intervene before he could claim her.
1913 J. Vaizey College Girl xxvii. 369 The three programmes were filled to the last extra.
1945 T. Williams Glass Menagerie vii. 107 ‘How about cutting the rug a little, Miss Wingfield?’ ‘Oh, I—’ ‘Or is your program filled up? Let me have a look at it. Why, every dance is taken!’
1949 N. Marsh Swing, Brother, Swing iii. 42 Her coming-out ball had been here... She felt the cord of her programme grow glossy under the nervous pressure of her gloved fingers.
1976 Times 11 June 14/6 Guests carry around little programmes to remind them who they are dancing with.
1993 D. C. Reece Rich Broth iv. 23 On our arrival at the Ball she shyly presented me with her dance program... I crassly waved the program aside.
7. Broadcasting.
a. A broadcast presentation treated as a single item for scheduling purposes and usually transmitted at a stated time and without interruption, other than for advertisements or news bulletins.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun]
transmission1907
broadcast1922
programme1922
edition1934
prog1937
1922 Variety 10 Mar. 7/2 Among the theatres which will provide acts exclusively for the ‘Star’s' radio programs are the Shubert, Orpheum,..Royal and 12th streets.
1923 Radio Times 28 Sept. 1 From November 14th last year..we have..transmitted roughly 1,700 distinct evening programmes.
1930 Billboard 20 Sept. 30/1 Television programs were being broadcast daily from two studios.
1946 B.B.C. Year-bk. 62 About 120 new programmes..are put on the air every week.
1976 Times 21 May 2/8 Since the programme I have had about a dozen other nasty telephone calls.
1989 W. Taubman & J. Taubman Moscow Spring (1990) 52 Soviet television chose to rebroadcast the program that very evening.
2005 Guardian 31 Mar. (Life section) 22/3 There were more than 270,000 downloads of podcasted programmes, including Radio 4's In Our Time and Five Live's Fighting Talk.
b. A radio or television service broadcasting on a particular frequency and providing a regular succession of programmes (sense 7a); a station, a channel. Cf. Third Programme n. at third adj. and n. Compounds 2. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > radio broadcasting > [noun] > radio service
radio network1923
service area1923
programme1929
radio1935
wireless1939
community radio1947
1929 Times 6 Sept. 18/1 The alternative programme..will not be introduced until..listeners have become accustomed to receiving the single programme service.
1939 R. Macaulay Let. 12 Oct. in Lett. to Sister (1964) 96 I've just read the debate on B.B.C. in Hansard... The fact is we can't get on without 2 programmes.
1946 B.B.C. Year-bk. 51 The Director-General promised that within ninety days of the end of hostilities in the West, the BBC would provide its listeners in the United Kingdom with two full-scale alternative programmes.
1968 B.B.C. Handbk. 48 The popular music programme on 247 metres became Radio 1. The Light Programme, on 1500 metres and VHF, became Radio 2.
1980 Times 31 July 15/3 Radio 3 used to be the most civilized and broad-ranging programme in the world.
2000 Church Times 18 Feb. 13/2 It started on the National Programme, transferred to the Home Service later, and moved from Radio 4 to Radio 3 in 1981.
8. Electronics. A signal corresponding to music, speech, or other activity. Also programme signal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > signal > [noun] > corresponding to activity
programme1935
1935 A. R. Nilson & J. L. Hornung Pract. Radio Communication viii. 356 The program fed into the mixer does not always come directly from a microphone.
1948 A. L. Albert Radio Fund. xiv. 569 The frequency deviations of a program signal in frequency-modulation can be made, and is made, quite large.
1954 Molloy & Pannett Radio & Television Engineers' Ref. Bk. iv. 12 It is necessary at times to compress the programme from a range of 50 to 22 db.
1977 Gramophone Nov. 937/1 The 2760 copier unit completes the system..and has automatic end-of-tape sensing and erasure of programme.
1998 IEEE Communications May 175/1 The monitoring is done for 24 hours for program and data signals at RTUs [= Remote Terminal Units] via a 45 cm antenna.
9.
a. A sequence of operations that a machine can be set to perform automatically.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > sequence of operations of
programme1942
1942 J. W. Mauchly Use High Speed Vacuum Tube Devices for Calculating (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. Pennsylvania) in B. Randell Origins Digital Computers (1973) 330 Mechanical devices..see to it that the numerical result from an operation in one machine is properly transferred to some other machine, which is selected by a suitable program device;..this program device is capable of arranging a cycle of different transfers and operations in each cycle.
1945 J. P. Eckert et al. Descr. ENIAC (PB 86242) (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. of Pennsylvania) 1 The intended use of the eniac is to compute large families of solutions all based on the same program of operations.
1954 Amer. Machinist 25 Oct. 136/1 The operator..sets a combination of switches calling for table movements equivalent to blueprint dimensions, or a ‘program’, then presses a starting button.
1962 E. Bruton Automation vi. 74 An automatic washing machine may be designed to wash for four minutes, empty, and spin-dry for ten. This is its programme.
1993 Which? Mar. 17/1 An advantage of CD players is that you can listen to whichever tracks you choose in any order. This selection is known as the program.
1999 Which? Aug. 42/3 The cold pre-wash program can be used for rinsing items between main washes.
b. Now usually in form program. A series of coded instructions and definitions which when fed into a computer automatically directs its operation in performing a particular task. Also in extended use: something conceived of as encoding and determining a process, esp. genetically.stored program: see stored adj. 1c.Cf. quots. 1942, 1945 at sense 9a, in which one can see the beginnings of this sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun]
code1946
computer program1947
programme1947
main program1951
source code1965
1947 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 2 358 An important limitation upon programming is that the machine must adhere to a prescribed linear course of operation. It cannot at any point choose between two subsequent programs on the basis of results already obtained.
1950 Philos. Mag. 41 256 The problem of constructing a computing routine or ‘program’ for a modern general purpose computer which will enable it to play chess.
1953 Proc. IRE 41 1247/1 This conditional instruction makes it possible for the programmer to write programs which take different courses of action depending upon the results of previous computation.
1960 Times 4 Oct. (Computer Suppl.) p. v/3 To prepare this sequence of instructions, or program (a spelling now adopted in computer terminology), the programmer will have broken down an operation into its simplest elements.
1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 4 June 635/2 The next world chess champion could quite conceivably be a computer programme.
1974 Sci. Amer. Oct. 105/1 The programs for eye-head coordination are not present in the central nervous system in their entirety.
1986 J. M. Smith Probl. Biol. ix. 100 It is almost true to say that we know how the genetic program determines the shape of a ribosome.
2004 T. Botha Mongo vii. 163 All the FTC can do for the time being is caution people to..wipe out all personal information on their computers with a ‘kill’ program that makes files unrecoverable.
10. Psychology and Education. In human and animal learning: a series of step-by-step questions or tests (often designed to be used in a teaching machine operated by the learner) aimed at establishing learning patterns through rewarding correct responses or behaviour at each step. Cf. linear adj. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > test of mental ability > [noun] > test of learning patterns
form-board1917
programme1950
1950 B. F. Skinner in Psychol. Rev. 57 207/2 Such a set was randomized in a program of reinforcement repeated every hour. In changing to this program from the arithmetic series..the pigeons were soon able to sustain a constant rate of responding under it.
1958 B. F. Skinner in Science 24 Oct. 971/2 The machines themselves cannot be adequately described without giving a few examples of programs.
1962 Listener 17 May 855/2 The drawback to a multiple choice programme..is that plausible wrong answers must be presented to the student, and he may remember these instead of the correct ones.
1989 W. T. Singleton Mind at Work (BNC) 124 If the student demonstrated by his choices that he did not fully understand a particular point then the programme could send him round an additional explanatory loop.
11. colloquial (originally U.S.). The prevailing or accepted way of doing things. Chiefly in to get with the programme: to participate in or conform to prevailing or accepted thinking or behaviour; (also) = to get with it at with prep. 22f; frequently in imperative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > usual course, condition, etc. > the usual or ordinary way or procedure > as established or accepted
orderc1300
usation1556
in form1703
drill1940
programme1966
1966 Los Angeles Times 26 May iii. 3/2 During an extended period of exercise..Pierce admittedly failed to keep up with his platoon... Armstrong punched him in the abdomen to force him to ‘get with the program’.
1967 ‘Iceberg Slim’ Pimp vii. 143 I couldn't figure why those crazy jokers at the bar were yukking like pickaninnys. To stay with the program I mastered a 'King Fish' grin.
1991 Time 21 Oct. 46/1 Will Congress finally get with the program and have its workplace governed by the laws that apply in the rest of the nation?
1994 RIP June 36/3 Hey, it's a party, get with the program.
2003 Independent 31 Dec. (Review section) 5/1 Dieting is not dissimilar to Alcoholics Anonymous. You get with the programme and you stay with it for life.
Compounds
C1.
a. General attributive and objective.
programme book n.
ΚΠ
1870 Times 11 July 5/3 The tariff of cab fares published in the programme book of the National Rifle Association has been cancelled.
1888 Dict. National Biogr. at Davison, James William He continued to contribute the analytical remarks to the programme books of these concerts until his death.
1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) VI. 943/2 Philip Hale's long series of notes for the Boston Symphony Orchestra made the programme-books of that orchestra valuable historic documents.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 May 19/4 The programme book was an unworthy rag-bag, short of facts, short on dates, apparently unedited.
programme content n.
ΚΠ
1933 W. A. Orton Amer. in Search of Culture xiii. 251 The confusion that prevails in regard to the physical conditions of American broadcasting is duplicated in the matter of programme content.
1958 New Statesman 20 Dec. 880/1 I am not sure that I agree that the effect of the competition on the programme-content is as superficial as they seem then to have found.
2004 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 1 Apr. Television producers are pushing the boundaries all the time. I have often seen letters from people complaining of unsuitable programme content before the 9pm watershed.
programme director n.
ΚΠ
1901 Daily Rev. (Decatur, Illinois) 10 Nov. 11/1 Mrs B. Bradley will be program director [for the Woman's Club].
1924 N.Y. Times 27 July viii. 16 Harry A. Bruno, Program Director, said that the programs will be made up of talent among the employees.
1961 G. Millerson Technique Television Production i. 15 He may operate the buttons and faders for video switching himself, but most networks consider the programme director too preoccupied with the many other aspects of production.
1990 F. Dannen Hit Men (1991) iii. 45 Because disc jockeys had proved so easy to bribe in the fifties, the selection of records at a station was passed to the higher level of program director.
programme editor n.
ΚΠ
1913 Colorado Springs Gaz. 7 June 1/3 (heading) Official program editors meeting.
1929 Radio Times 8 Nov. 387/3 Broadcast reading has only been tried half-heartedly. The programme editors still suffer from..fear of not pleasing everybody all day long.
1969 J. Elliot Duel i. iii. 59 There would be a programme editor but he would not come on location with me.
2003 Daily Tel. 6 Nov. i. 25/3 ‘Huw went into the studio wearing a poppy,’ explained programme editor Kevin Backhurst yesterday.
programme engineer n.
ΚΠ
1924 Davenport (Iowa) Democrat & Leader 4 May 20/4 N. W. Gowans..will also be program engineer and chief inspection officer [at the scout camp].
1948 Berkshire Evening Eagle (Pittsfield, Mass.) 12 Apr. 10/3 NBC said its program engineers checked cables from the stage to the jack-box.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio i. 13 The man responsible for balance, mixing, and control may be a ‘balance engineer’ or ‘programme engineer’.
2004 Flight Internat. (Nexis) 3 Aug. 14 Programme engineers are now studying a range of options to avoid the problem..arising in the future.
programme item n.
ΚΠ
1909 Colorado Springs Gaz. 7 Nov. 13/3 A women's mass meeting..and a men's mass meeting are other program items.
1925 Times 23 Feb. 19/3 The possibility of standardizing the sequence of programme items is another matter under discussion.
1962 Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 159 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) X. 259 What particular ‘time slots’ each [TV company] is to occupy, and with what programme items.
2001 Sci. Fiction Chron. July 46/3 A few pros seemed very heavily overprogrammed. Hal Clement was listed for sixteen program items.
programme maker n.
ΚΠ
1890 N.Y. Times 26 Aug. 5/3 Mr. Strauss may not lay claim to any particular genius as a programme maker.
1895 Daily News 23 Jan. 7/3 Mr. Chamberlain is above all things a programme maker... In the year 1885 he constructed what was called an ‘unauthorised programme’ for the Liberal party.
1929 Radio Times 8 Nov. 393/1 There are people who..abuse the programme-makers!
1977 Broadcast 13 June 5/2 Programme makers could..put their ideas to the empirical test by means of a pilot programme.
2002 M. Holroyd Wks. on Paper 311 Many programme-makers are frightened that viewers will be bored by what they call ‘talking heads’.
programme-making n.
ΚΠ
1897 Daily Whig & Courier (Bangor, Maine) 27 Dec. She thoroughly understands the art of programme making.
1904 W. James Let. 1 Jan. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) II. 201 Münsterberg has the most extraordinary power of schematization and program-making.
1949 Penguin Music Mag. Feb. 19 That almost perfect example of programme-making, Music in Miniature.
1996 Economist 20 July 24/3 Mr Birt's main aim is to impose a tidy split between programme-making and commissioning across the entire BBC.
programme note n.
ΚΠ
1903 Times 15 Oct. 4/3 The extremely enthusiastic analyst who in his programme-notes has labelled some hundred or so themes.
1923 M. R. Werner Barnum 319 And then in Barnum's program notes each year appeared this notice.
1958 E. Dundy Dud Avocado i. vii. 136 I'd never seen a ballet whose story I was able to follow even when the programme-notes were in English.
1978 Daily Tel. 20 Jan. 13/1 To 25 years' experience before the camera can be added (I learn from the programme note) some recent experience as a director in the theatre.
2002 N. Lebrecht Song of Names ii. 45 An Edinburgh scholar offering to supply syndicated programme notes for every work of music ever written.
programme planner n.
ΚΠ
1934 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 19 Oct. 7/5 Dr. H. R. Tolley, AAA program planner.
1956 A. Wilson Anglo-Saxon Attitudes ii. ii. 338 B.B.C. officials—programme planners, features-producers, poetry readers.
1974 Guardian 23 Jan. 1/5 If the [TV] close-down had been at 10.30 there would have been more room for manoeuvre by the programme planners.
1990 J. Eberts & T. Ilott My Indecision is Final i. 1 By early evening, the hotel was packed with thousands of programme-planners, buyers, salesmen, syndicators and representatives of American..television stations.
programme planning n.
ΚΠ
1906 Arizona Republican 27 Feb. 3/3 [He] has made a life work of program planning, chorus training, [etc.].
1940 Times 5 Jan. 2/4 The leaflet, entitled ‘Wartime Play Schemes for Children,’ is mainly directed to group leaders, and contains hints on management, finance, and programme planning.
1962 Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 159 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) X. 259 What particular ‘time slots’ each [TV company] is to occupy, and with what programme items... That is to say, the overall programme planning.
1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 10 June 29/2 On the last page the laid-back DPP (Director of Program Planning) is blown up by an unexploded parachute bomb.
programme seller n.
ΚΠ
1897 Times 9 Feb. 3/5 The behaviour of certain amateur programme-sellers created a wish that the ordinary mode of managing such transactions could have been adopted.
a1902 F. Norris Pit (1903) i. 32 From every quarter of the house came the cries of the programme sellers.
1977 M. Babson Lord Mayor of Death v. 45 Here comes the programme seller.
1995 Sunday Times (Nexis) 26 Feb. (Sport section) Four visiting fans mugged two programme sellers, stealing their takings.
programme staff n.
ΚΠ
1928 Times 20 Sept. 6/6 Salaries of programme staff.
1940 R. S. Lambert Ariel & all his Quality ii. 43 Programme and administrative staff had not been divided into watertight..categories.
1977 Listener 28 Apr. 540/2 There has been a planned increase of programme staff, facilities and output.
1995 Economist 21 Jan. 113 (advt.) Programme staff work independently and as a team,..on topics ranging from the economics of sustainable forestry to the costs and benefits of waste paper recycling.
programme time n.
ΚΠ
1900 Times 3 May 4/3 The first to arrive, a few minutes before 12, two hours before the programme time.
1957 Pract. Wireless 33 529/2 Fewer programmes..would enable the BBC to..reject the dross which is still allowed programme time.
2003 Econ. Times (New Delhi) (Nexis) 10 June A large number of trauma patients and their families had assembled at the venue by 11 am (the scheduled programme time).
programme vendor n.
ΚΠ
1908 Sunday State Jrnl. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 13 Sept. 17/1 The production of each new play will require the services of at least..thirty-five..program vendors, bar attendants and linkmen.
1977 M. Babson Lord Mayor of Death xii. 82 Programme vendors..were..shaking their heads regretfully at would-be customers.
2006 Washington Times (Nexis) 12 Apr. b1 ‘There's nothing like that sound,’ said Craig London..as he heard the calls of peanut and program vendors echo inside the stadium.
b. With reference to political agendas or programmes.
programme-mongering n.
ΚΠ
1897 Times 21 Dec. 6/2 He [sc. Sir H. Campbell-Bannerman] had three objections to this programme-mongering.
2000 Importance Founding Fourth International in alt.politics.socialism.trotsky (Usenet newsgroup) 8 Apr. The Transitional Program was the worst document Trotsky ever wrote—it led to all sorts of quack program mongering among miniscule Trots with little or no connection to the working class.
programme-spinner n.
ΚΠ
1908 N.E.D. at Program, programme sb. Programme-spinner.
programme-spinning n.
ΚΠ
1897 Liverpool Daily Post 1 Oct. 4/4 He [sc. Mr Asquith] reminds the public that a year ago he objected to the fallacy of programme spinning.
1904 Times 14 Mar. 9/3 He leaves the business of programme-spinning to ‘the chosen and appointed leaders of the Liberal party’.
c. In Computing (sense 9).
programme tape n.
ΚΠ
1948 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 3 126 We can have on the first section of the program tape..the program for arranging the data in order by age.
1964 C. Dent Quantity Surv. by Computer iii. 26 In other cases the data tape is read in under control of the instructions (stored in the memory by the program tape), the data being worked on as it is read in.
1982 M. Campbell-Kelly in M. V. Wilkes et al. Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computer (1982) p. xxiv A brief, but vivid, account of machine operations, including the ‘job queue’, which consisted of horizontal wire onto which programmers clipped their program tapes!
programme testing n.
ΚΠ
1959 J. Jeenel Programming for Digital Computers viii. 393 In program testing one usually employs certain techniques especially developed for this purpose.
1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxxv. 285 Note the difference between program testing and procedure testing.
1992 Lit. & Ling. Computing 7 43/1 When program testing of the mapping and clustering procedures reached a computer graphics presentation stage, a remarkably clear set of results was unexpectedly obtained.
C2.
programme boy n. now chiefly historical a boy employed at a theatre, cinema, etc., to sell programmes.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of programmes
programme boy1892
programme girl1905
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > people concerned with theatrical productions > [noun] > programme seller
programme boy1892
programme girl1905
1892 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 13 Aug. 6/3 A company whose manager has advanced in a few years from program boy to manager of the leading and best known minstrel shows.
1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §889 Programme boy.
1973 Times 16 Feb. 21/6 He began a career in the entertainment business in 1902 when he became a programme boy at Princes Theatre, Glasgow.
1999 Daily News (New Plymouth, N.Z.) (Nexis) 10 July 6 Sixty years of service in the theatre was celebrated by Mr W. G. Eva..who started at the age of eight as a programme boy.
programme builder n. a person who selects items for a programme or series of programmes.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > people involved in putting on broadcast
script clerk1867
editor1881
programme builder1898
narrowcaster1930
story editor1930
sponsor1931
programme controller1934
scripter1936
lighting1956
producer1961
outside broadcaster1971
sound1972
programmer1978
society > leisure > the arts > music > study or science of music > music scholar > [noun] > programme-builder
programme builder1898
1898 Nebraska State Jrnl. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 15 July 8/3 The program builders were instructed to secure a still stronger array of lecturers, preachers, instructors, and entertainers.
1928 B.B.C. Handbk. 73/2 The programme builders believe that..the 60,000 hours of programmes will receive the liveliest and most general approval.
1947 Penguin Music Mag. Dec. 27 Every programme-builder should know the symphonic repertoire from A to Z.
1999 Guardian (Nexis) 11 June 16 Inspirational performer and programme builder though he can be, it is Ades' own music that has made him such a hot property.
programme-building n. the selection of items for a programme or series of programmes.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > choosing content
programme-building1911
programming1925
programme control1945
society > leisure > the arts > music > study or science of music > [noun] > writing programme notes, etc.
programming1889
programme-building1911
1911 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 22 Jan. 1/1 Some good ideas concerning programme building [at race courses] could be obtained.
1927 Times 3 Nov. 7/4 A fascinating chapter deals with programme building.
1935 Discovery Sept. 277/1 It may be left safely to the B.B.C., whose experience and standards of programme building..may be relied upon to result in presentations in line with public approbation.
1957 Encycl. Brit. IV. 208/2 Program-building is creative only in the sense that the program-builders can build combinations of suitable music and speech around one or another central idea.
1994 H. Burton Leonard Bernstein i. viii. 79 The concerts were also lessons for Bernstein in program building, a branch of the conductor's art in which he later excelled.
programme card n. a card giving the itinerary for an event, as a concert, dance, etc.; the contents of this.
ΚΠ
1901 F. Norris Octopus i. vi. 246 He had lost his elaborate programme card.
1948 Penguin Music Mag. June 135 The Orchestra's first programme-card was several degrees more adventurous than any before it.
2003 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 5 May b7 (caption) A supporter holds the programme card for the service at the First Baptist Church in Modesto, California.
programme chair n. = programme chairman n.
ΚΠ
1974 News (Port Arthur, Texas) 6 Dec. 8/2 Presenting the status of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) will be Pauline Martinez and Olga DeLeon, legislative program chairs.
1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 71/2 Persons wishing to contribute original research papers should send four copies of a full paper to the appropriate program chair.
programme chairman n. U.S. the organizer of a programme of events or of the agenda for an event for a society, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > arranging > planned series of events or programme > one who arranges
programmer1875
programme chairman1911
1911 Chicago Tribune 10 Apr. 10/2 The financial chairman will be Mrs. George L. Ayers, the social chairman Mrs. Charles Moody, and the program chairman Mrs. Carey Culbertson.
1930 Decatur (Illinois) Herald 10 Feb. 3/2 The program chairman for the Illinois Congress of Parents and Teachers.
2005 Washington Post 1 Oct. b6 In recent years, he was director and program chairman of the Washington Institute of Foreign Affairs.
programme company n. Broadcasting a company authorized to make programmes and advertisements for broadcasting on British commercial television.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > [noun] > people involved in television production > programme company or contractor
programme company1953
programme contractor1954
1953 Times 14 Nov. 6/1 The corporation would have a ‘flexible control’ over the programme companies.
1958 New Statesman 22 Mar. 375/3 As each programme-company in turn began broadcasting in the regions, the tale was always the same: of viewers with a choice, most chose the ITV channel most of the time.
1968 Listener 11 July 84/3 What are called the programme companies, in ITV, are set up in the first instance as contractors on the basis of the advertising franchise in their area.
1985 Times 4 Apr. 10/1 The 16 programme companies were required by the IBA to submit their proposed schedule of programmes in advance.
2001 Times (Nexis) 2 Aug. (Letters section) However highly paid, they [sc. television programme-makers] are wage slaves, of the BBC and the independent programme companies.
programme contracting adj. Broadcasting of or relating to programme contractors; (of a company) that is a programme contractor.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > [adjective] > programme-contracting
programme contracting1954
1954 Times 8 Dec. 5/5 Commercial television contracts are expected to be in the hands of the four programme contracting companies within the next week.
1968 Listener 29 Aug. 285/3 There is now hardly a significant publication, from the weekly reviews to the mass-selling dailies, which does not have equity in one or other of the programme-contracting companies.
1980 Times 5 Nov. 5/2 The programme contracting system..introduces its own uncertainties for the companies' staff.
2003 Campaign (Nexis) 26 Sept. 22 He even interested himself in the programme contracting side of the business and developed the concept of daytime television.
programme contractor n. Broadcasting = programme company n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > [noun] > people involved in television production > programme company or contractor
programme company1953
programme contractor1954
1954 Act 2 & 3 Eliz. II c. 55. §2 The programmes broadcast by the Authority shall..be provided not by the Authority but by persons (hereafter in this Act referred to as ‘programme contractors’) who, under contracts with the Authority, have, in consideration of payments to the Authority,..the right and the duty to provide programmes or parts of programmes to be broadcast by the Authority.
1962 Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 166 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) X. 259 The [Independent Television] Authority's power to control the companies, once they are appointed programme contractors, is illusory and negligible.
2003 Irish Times (Nexis) 7 Jan. 12 It is an admission by the Minister that..the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (BCI) has been unable to secure compliance from the programme contractors, including TV3 and Today FM, with the terms of their franchise contracts.
programme control n. (a) = programmer n. 3 (rare); (b) control of a programme (rare); (c) control by means of a computer program.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > choosing content
programme-building1911
programming1925
programme control1945
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [noun] > automatic
manostat1900
programme controller1934
programme control1945
1945 J. P. Eckert et al. Descr. ENIAC (PB 86242) (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. of Pennsylvania) b–5 The simplest procedure for handling the problem is to devote one multiplier program control to each of the n multiplications.
1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 21/1 The president of the National Broadcasting Corporation ridiculed the proposal to separate business control from program control.
1953 Proc. IRE 41 1271/2 (heading) Program control of external units.
1957 D. M. Considine Process Instruments & Controls Handbk. ix. 78 The operation of a tire vulcanizer, on a completely automatic timed basis, is an example of program control.
1977 Design Engin. July 15/3 Eight parallel latched outputs are available..under program control.
1986 Electronic Musician May 13/3 The DVP-1 produces up to 64 programs of pitch-shifting, harmonizing, and vocoding effects under MIDI program control.
programme controller n. (a) = programmer n. 1a; (b) = programmer n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > people involved in putting on broadcast
script clerk1867
editor1881
programme builder1898
narrowcaster1930
story editor1930
sponsor1931
programme controller1934
scripter1936
lighting1956
producer1961
outside broadcaster1971
sound1972
programmer1978
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [noun] > automatic
manostat1900
programme controller1934
programme control1945
1934 Times 24 Dec. 8/4 Mr. Gladstone Murray has taken over the duties of the programme controller of the B.B.C.
1957 D. M. Considine Process Instruments & Controls Handbk. ix. 78 By controlling sequence, intervals, and rates of change, a program controller may encompass all the operations in a complete industrial process.
1967 F. W. Clarke Installing Small Pipe Central Heating vi. 37 Where a boiler supplies hot water and serves the heating, the various jobs required of it can be simply co-ordinated by a programme controller.
1991 Hist. Workshop Spring 164 The restrictions..will no doubt discourage programme-controllers and commissioning editors from commissioning programmes which might contravene them.
program counter n. Computing a register in the control unit of a computer which contains the address of the next instruction to be executed, the address being increased by one after each execution unless an instruction to do otherwise occurs.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > central processing unit > control unit > programme counter
program counter1946
1946 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 2 102 Counters are used not only for arithmetic purposes, but also as a part of the programming circuits which determine when and how a given unit shall perform. Each unit whose operations consume more than one addition time has such a program counter.
1989 J. Gatenby GCSE Computer Stud. vi. 101 The control unit..contains two important registers, the program counter and the instruction register... The program counter is incremented (increased by 1), in preparation for the next instruction.
2006 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Jan. 68/1 The type of finite-state machine designed by van Lunteren and Engbersen distinguishes itself from a CPU that relies on the von Neumann architecture because it forgoes inclusion of a program counter.
programme girl n. now historical a girl employed at a theatre, cinema, etc., to sell programmes.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of programmes
programme boy1892
programme girl1905
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > people concerned with theatrical productions > [noun] > programme seller
programme boy1892
programme girl1905
1905 Daily Chron. 13 Feb. 9/3 An interesting story of a medical student's love for a programme girl..was told.
1918 A. Bennett Pretty Lady i. 3 The programme girls, the cigarette girls, the chocolate girls, the cloak-room girls.
1979 G. Latta tr. Jacquemard-Sénécal Eleventh Little Nigger i. v. 47 The programme girls..persuaded her to swallow a considerable amount of whisky.
2005 Evening Herald (Plymouth) (Nexis) 19 Nov. 22 My mother also worked there as a programme girl and my aunt as a cashier.
programme junction n. Broadcasting the interval between the end of one programme and the beginning of the next.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > break between programmes or signal
station break1931
interval signal1932
break1941
programme junction1941
1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 25 Programme junction, brief interval between the end of one programme and the beginning of the next, used for switching operations whereby transmitters are linked to, or detached from, the network concerned.
1975 Listener 23 Oct. 532/2 There was internal machinery to see that there were common programme junctions.
2003 Observer (Nexis) 11 May 4 At a time when commercial TV..is trying to clean up its act, particularly at programme junctions, the BBC is going in the opposite direction.
program library n. (a) Computing = library n.1 3; (b) Broadcasting a collection of recordings of broadcast programmes.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > group
library1950
program library1957
suite1966
partition1968
1957 Times 20 May 4/2 (advt.) Here is a programme library with the accumulated results of years of computing experience.
1977 R. E. Harrington Quintain xii. 139 Sanderson gave me the constants and I just ran the program. I didn't even write it. He got it from the program library.
1988 Broadcasting 2 Sept. 6/5 Central's 650 hours programme library is also an appreciating asset.
programme line n. Telecommunications (now rare) a transmission line of sufficient quality to carry broadcast programmes, e.g. from a studio to a transmitter.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > equipment > [noun] > transmission line
programme line1938
1938 Times 26 Jan. 47/6 The Post Office now possesses 22 national stations..and a complete system of high quality programme lines interconnects all these.
1958 N.Z. Listener 26 Sept. 9/2 All the lines come to the central rack and the equalisers there, except the fixed programme lines which go to fixed equalisers in the main equipment room.
programme movie n. now rare = programme picture n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > type of film > [noun] > short or supporting film
short film1908
short subject1908
one-reeler1916
filmlet1921
programme picture1922
second feature1927
short1929
programmer1932
programme movie1933
shorty1934
B1949
1933 Brainerd (Minnesota) Daily Disp. 3 May 4/1 The average serious novel towers above the average program movie, intellectually.
1935 Movie Mirror Dec. 106/1 Dropping into the theater, prepared for a regular program movie, my interest was caught after the first few feet and worked up to a fever pitch at the final reel.
programme music n. music intended to tell a story or portray vividly particular scenes or events; narrative music; opposed to absolute music n. at absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > programme music
programme music1857
1857 Times 5 May 10/2 This is not abstract music..; but what Herr Wagner..would designate ‘programme music’—in other words, music suggested by certain natural phenomena.
1881 G. Grove Dict. Music III. 38/1 The Abbé Vogler..was..a great writer of programme-music.
1954 C. S. Lewis Eng. Lit. in 16th Cent. i. ii. 139 Disorder in life rendered by disorder in art. This is in poetry what ‘programme music’ is in music.
1983 R. Scruton Aesthetic Imagination v. 41 Programme music, which has been contrasted with absolute music, is distinguished by its attempt to depict objects and events.
2002 R. Will Characteristic Symphony in Age of Haydn 7 The later nineteenth century would of course use ‘program music’ to refer to the works of Berlioz and others.
programme pencil n. a small pencil of the type used to fill in a dance card, a scorecard, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > pencil > other types of pencil
coloured pencil1735
colour pencil1799
propelling pencil1852
programme pencil1868
copying pencil1883
grease pencil1890
chinagraph pencil1943
pencil crayon1953
1868 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 7 Nov. 3/5 Programme pencils—A lot of this article for Evening Parties, at the low figure of 3d each... This article is quite new, having just been invented.
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 115/2 ‘Programme’ Pencils, round, enameled in colors with gilt tip and ring. Suitable for use in lady's memorandum book.
1921 E. M. Hull Sheik i. 9 She hesitated, tapping her programme-pencil against her teeth.
2000 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News (Nexis) 28 Apr. 9 a Batting helmets for $6, program pencils for 50 cents.
programme picture n. now chiefly historical a cinema film made on a relatively low budget and intended to be shown as part of a programme that includes another film as the main feature.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > type of film > [noun] > short or supporting film
short film1908
short subject1908
one-reeler1916
filmlet1921
programme picture1922
second feature1927
short1929
programmer1932
programme movie1933
shorty1934
B1949
1922 Times 21 Feb. p. xv/2 The ordinary..programme picture that America sends us is useless for our theatres.
1935 Movie Mirror Dec. 38/3 Your Reviewer Says: An average program picture, but Velez fans will want to see it for sure.
1950 Valley Morning Star (Harlingen, Texas) 16 Sept. 5/2 The theatre manager..had seen the program picture which preceded the preview.
1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 2 Mar. dc5 Television..took over the making of what once were called program pictures—the low budget adventure, mystery, Western and detective movies.
1995 Variety (Nexis) 15 May c36 For the last few years, the tendency of Japanese audiences has been to like big-budget films... Medium-sized films, so-called ‘program pictures’, are getting less appealing. They cannot attract the mass audience as easily as they used to.
program register n. Computing a register that holds an instruction or program prior to execution; = control register n. at control n. Compounds 6; also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > primary storage or main memory > register
register1946
program register1948
shift register1950
index register1955
control register1956
1948 Gloss. Computer Terms (Mass. Inst. Technol. Servomechanisms Lab. Rep. R-138) 8 Program register, the part of the computer used for holding orders after they are extracted from storage but before they are carried out.
1962 R. V. Oakford Introd. Electronic Data Processing Equipm. iii. 37 Information (normally instructions) can be transferred to the program register in the control unit from general memory or from the arithmetic (process) unit.
2002 Fortschritte der Physik 49 987 We present a probabilistic quantum processor for qubits... The input of the processor is constituted by two registers. In the program register the set of instructions (program) is encoded.
programme service n. Broadcasting a service providing a regularly broadcast series of radio or television programmes to the public.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > broadcasting service > [noun]
field post1864
outlet1917
service1920
programme service1929
1929 Times 6 Sept. 18/1 The alternative programme..will not be introduced until..listeners have become accustomed to receiving the single programme service.
1940 L. R. Lohr Television Broadcasting ii. 23 Televison transmitters have been in operation from time to time in Philadelphia, Schenectady,..and Bridgeport, but none of these had established a program service for the public at the time of writing.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio i. 17 The next link is a continuity suite where the entire programme service is assembled.
1990 What Satellite July 130 (advt.) Favourite Channels are listed by programme service for quick selection from the on-screen menus.
program signal n. : see sense 8.
program step n. Computing a single step or operation in a computer program; an instruction in machine language or assembly language.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > instruction > in low-level language
order1946
program step1950
machine instruction1956
1950 High-speed Computing Devices (Engin. Res. Associates) ix. 157 The Type 604 can perform 60 program steps, or operations, per card; a program step includes any one of the four arithmetic operations, or a number transfer.
1978 Sci. Amer. Feb. 29/2 (advt.) Because of this dual capability, it can..identify which program step a system was executing at the time of malfunction.
1990 E. Horowitz & S. Sahni Fund. Data Structures in Pascal (ed. 3) i. 20 A program step is loosely defined as a syntactically or semantically meaningful segment of a program that has an execution time that is independent of the instance characteristics.
programme symphony n. a symphony based on a programme (sense 5).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > piece in specific form > [noun] > symphony > types of
programme symphony1866
sinfonia concertante1903
sinfonietta1907
symphonette1947
1866 Times 10 Dec. 9/6 Although this programme-symphony..is from first to last realistic..it can never fail to be heard with delight.
1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! iii. 162 Nationalism..destroys both the aristocratic quality of the eighteenth-century abstract symphony and the individualist quality of the nineteenth-century programme symphony.
1962 Listener 29 Nov. 941/2 Programme symphonies are even more out of fashion than the normal type, but I can only say that I tried to express the emotions aroused in me by the places rather than to paint pictures of them.
2006 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 29 Apr. b6 It would have worked nicely in the context of Berlioz's extravaganza of a program symphony... But as a stand-alone excerpt on a mixed-bag concert, it was awfully long and sleepy.
program trading n. U.S. Stock Market the computerized trading of securities, using programs which automatically initiate the purchase or sale of stocks when preset criteria are met (such as price differentials between markets); the simultaneous purchase and sale of multiple stocks by this means; spec. the simultaneous purchase of stocks and sale of futures contracts on them, or vice versa.
ΚΠ
1984 Institutional Investor Sept. 77/2 Program trading is well on its way to becoming a service that's crucial to maintaining institutional market share, just like block trading.
1990 Forbes 5 Feb. 199/3 With program trading causing commonplace intra-day swings of 50 to 70 points in the DJI, more 150-point-plus ‘crashlets’ can be expected.
1994 Wall St. Jrnl. 25 Feb. c2/2 The relentless selling activated the New York Stock Exchange's 50-point ‘collar’ rule that effectively stifles program trading any time the Dow industrials rise or fall 50 points.
2001 Washington Post (Electronic ed.) 4 Apr. The Dow dropped 200 points early in the day, automatically triggering restrictions on program trading that were instituted after the 1987 stock market crash to minimize market volatility.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
programmeprogramv.
/ˈprəʊɡram/, U.S. /ˈproʊˌɡræm/, /ˈproʊɡrəm/ 1. transitive. To arrange by or according to a programme; to include or name in a programme; to draw up a scheme or itinerary of; to plan or schedule definitely. Also with in, into.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)]
forethinkc897
bethinka1225
compass1297
contrivec1330
ordain1340
conjectc1380
imaginec1380
cast1382
ordaina1387
advisec1400
forecast1413
imagec1450
ordainc1450
project1477
foreminda1535
invent1539
aimc1540
practise1550
plat1556
trive1573
meditate1582
patterna1586
plot1589
platform1592
design1594
chew1600
forelay1605
to map out1618
to cut out1619
agitate1629
laya1631
plod1631
cut1645
calculate1654
concert1702
to scheme out1716
plan1718
model1725
to rough out1738
to lay out1741
plan1755
prethink1760
shape1823
programme1834
pre-plan1847
encompass1882
target1948
1834 New Guide to Cheltenham iv. 136 These selections are generally programmed before the promenade commences.
1846 Times 9 Sept. 5/4 A procession is being programmed for receiving the Prince at Green-bank.
1868 ‘F. Fern’ Folly as it Flies 138 It is a melancholy affair to visit public institutions that have sprung from the legacies of wealthy persons, so often do they fail to carry out the philanthropic results so enthusiastically programmed by the donors.
1896 Westm. Gaz. 12 Sept. 4/2 This match was programmed to start yesterday, but owing to the state of the weather had to be postponed.
1912 A. Bennett Jrnl. 16 Feb. (1932) II. 44 On Wednesday morning at 7 a.m. as ‘programmed’ a week ago, I began ‘The Regent’.
1936 Times 19 Mar. 17/1 These delightful cruises are among those programmed by the P. & O. for this summer.
1949 Archit. Rev. 106 375/1 Let us..consider a country like Japan where, after wholesale destruction, four million minimum dwellings are now being programmed.
1969 New Yorker 12 Apr. 62/3 The chances are that the astronaut..will be excited, and, accordingly, the planners..have virtually programmed in a few moments of enthusiasm.
1978 Chicago June 22/1 CSO does not program enough contemporary music.
1995 Classic CD July 11/2 McNair says she cannot remember a time when she hasn't programmed Purcell songs in her recitals.
2003 Four Plus: Writing DNA (exhib. catal., Wellcome Trust) 5 I have programmed into my visit a 2-day stopover in New York.
2. † a. intransitive. To write programme notes. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > study or science of music > [verb (intransitive)] > write programme notes
programme1889
1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 11 Nov. 2/4 He programmed in a pat-the-young-man-on-the-back style.
b. intransitive. Chiefly U.S. To draw up a programme; to plan for.
ΚΠ
1946 Editor & Publisher 11 May 26 The Boettingers and Young said it is not their ‘present intention to program toward the establishment of a new daily newspaper in Seattle’.
1956 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 3 July 12/7 Heier..said the department must program for two years on Dec. 1, 1956.
1971 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 6 Apr. 25/7 We can't have educational programs just for the professionals. We must program for all levels of staff.
2000 A. Klin et al. Asperger Syndrome Introd. p. 18 Without detailed recommendations, educational and other interventionists may be at a loss on how to program for a given child.
3. intransitive. Chiefly U.S. To broadcast or transmit a programme or series of programmes on radio, television, etc. Also occasionally transitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > [verb (intransitive)]
programme1930
society > communication > broadcasting > [verb (transitive)]
broadcast1921
programme1930
air1933
1930 Washington Post 17 Aug. iv. 3/4 One of the songs..will be given its premiere tomorrow night at 8 o'clock over the NBC-WJZ network, while the other..is to be programmed at a later date.
1937 Amer. Speech 12 101 To program means..to broadcast.
1967 Boston Sunday Herald 26 Mar. ii. 8/2 (advt.) Personalities are an important ingredient in today's radio, and WCOP provides warm, personable, well established people—they program 24 hours a day with your listening pleasures in mind.
2003 N.Y. Times Mag. 28 Sept. 106/1 (advt.) With a dozen cable networks now programming to children full time or part time, new programming is a necessity and it can't just be more of the same.
4.
a. transitive. To express (a task or operation) in terms appropriate to its performance by a computer or other automatic device; to cause (an activity or property) to be automatically regulated in a prescribed way. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] > arrange > programme or cause to be automatically regulated
programme1945
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > operate general type of machine [verb (transitive)] > cause to perform task automatically
programme1945
1945 J. P. Eckert et al. Descr. ENIAC (PB 86242) (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. of Pennsylvania) b4 In this fashion, problems involving numbers of multiplications far in excess of 24 can be programmed.
1949 Nature 22 Oct. 684/2 The problem must be programmed, that is, it must be split up into a series of simple operations which the machine can perform.
1955 IRE Trans. Industr. Electronics 2 3/1 Industry needs more flexible methods of programming machine cycles to achieve automatic operation of machine tools.
1962 G. A. T. Burdett Automatic Control Handbk. xix. 2 The engineer must programme the operations which the machine is to carry out.
1973 A. Parrish Mech. Engineer's Ref. Bk. (ed. 11) xix. 15 If feeds and speeds are programmed such that the spindle motor is producing its maximum horse power, any hard spots in the work piece can result in stall.
1986 ZX Computing Monthly Oct. 42/1 It was the type of game that you imagine would have been as much fun to program as it was to play.
1998 S. Reynolds Energy Flash i. 24 Having programmed a bass-riff on the keyboard, you tweak the knobs to modulate the pitch.
b. transitive. To incorporate (a property, information, etc.) into a computer or other device by programming. Also in extended use.
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society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [verb (transitive)] > properties into hardware
programme1946
1946 J. P. Eckert in Moore School Lect. (1985) 442 The method of differencing is particularly adaptable to automatic checking which may be programmed into the machine as part of the problem being performed.
1972 W. N. Carr & J. P. Mize MOS/LSI Design & Applic. viii. 233 The uniqueness desired within the master PLA chip is often programmed into the master chip.
1977 D. Bagley Enemy xv. 121 He's installed a scad of microprocessors in that control board... He could program his timetables into them.
1982 J. Campbell Grammatical Man iii. xv. 172 The universals Chomsky considers of interest are those which are necessarily in the language, because they are programmed into the mind by information in DNA.
1992 New Scientist 25 Apr. 15/3 You can also create ‘slides’, which you can programme into the synthesiser.
2003 S. Greenfield Tomorrow's People (2004) iii. 50 Ultimately, perhaps, every eventuality from bursting arteries to sudden cardiac failure..will be programmed into the software to be catered for by the cyber-surgeon.
5.
a. transitive. To cause (a computer or other device) automatically to do a chosen task or perform in a chosen way; to supply with a program. Also in extended use. Cf. slightly earlier programming n. 3.
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society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [verb (transitive)]
programme1945
code1948
1945 J. P. Eckert et al. Descr. ENIAC (PB 86242) (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. of Pennsylvania) b1 We then wish to program the first accumulator to transmit its contents twice into the second one.
1950 Philos. Mag. 41 256 (heading) Programming a computer for playing chess.
1961 K. Amis New Maps of Hell i. 33 An airborne device, programmed to detect and forestall aggressive intentions, ends by prohibiting most kinds of human action.
1976 Physics Bull. Dec. 535/3 The operation is computer controlled so that the mirrors can be programmed to follow a particular source round the sky.
1981 M. Clark & P. Swaine Home Managem. x. 244 You can programme them for the type of wash you want.
1989 Which? Sept. 449/2 The BBC and ITV/Channel 4 teletext listings..can be used to help you programme your video.
2001 Kindred Spirit Summer 73/1 (advt.) Learn to heal and rejuvenate the seven outer bodies..by holographically programming the body using the flower of life.
b. intransitive. To write a computer program; to supply a computer or other device with a program.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > operate general type of machine [verb (intransitive)] > cause to perform task automatically
programme1954
1954 Amer. Machinist 25 Oct. 134/2 Tool Engineers..will have to learn a new approach to tooling. Instead of designing massive fixtures or intricate mechanical controls, they will ‘program’.
1958 Oxf. Mag. 29 May 470/1 It is not difficult to learn to program..backed by regular university lectures in numerical analysis and computing.
1989 C. Stoll Cuckoo's Egg vi. 32 From long tradition, astronomers have programmed in Fortran.
1993 R. Rucker et al. Mondo 2000 (U.K. ed.) 134/2 A ‘hacker’ was a person who programmed a lot and produced interesting things.
c. transitive. To train or condition (an animal, a person) to behave, act, or think in a predetermined way; to prepare (a person) for a specific task, role, etc.
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society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] > to behave in specific way
discipline1606
house-train1924
programme1963
1963 Language 39 455 He succeeded in programming the live bees that crowded around the imitation insect to head in a prescribed direction to seek and find nectar.
1967 Freedomways 7 131 The black student is being educated in this country as if he were being programmed in white supremacy and self-hatred.
1975 A. Price Our Man in Camelot iv. 71 Your cover is perfect... You were trained and programmed for just such an operation as this.
1986 M. Forster Private Papers 119 I admire her, especially for not going to University which Mother had programmed her for.
1996 A. Ghosh Calcutta Chromosome (1997) i. 4 He'd tried routing her to her own encyclopedias, but that wasn't good enough... She had been programmed to hunt out real-time information.
2002 M. Crichton Prey 125 Nor were individual birds genetically programmed for flocking behavior. Flocking was not hard-wired.
6. intransitive. Astronautics. Of a spacecraft: to perform a scheduled and automatically controlled manoeuvre.
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society > travel > air or space travel > space flight > [verb (intransitive)] > perform scheduled automatic manoeuvre
programme1958
1958 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 11 Oct. 1/5 He said the first stage appeared to have ‘programmed’—started curving on its trajectory to the northeast—higher than it should.
1962 M. Caidin Man-in-space Dict. 156/2 Programming, movement of a booster vehicle through assigned trajectory maneuvers in flight, as when a booster launches from a vertical position, then programs over toward horizontal flight.
1962 J. Glenn in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 189 ‘We're programming in roll OK,’ I said.
7. transitive. U.S. Psychology and Education. To form into a teaching programme (programme n. 10); to establish by means of a teaching programme.
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society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > form into teaching program
programme1958
1958 B. F. Skinner in Science 24 Oct. 976/2 When material is adequately programmed, adjacent steps are often so similar that one frame reveals the response to another.
1971 O.E. Pittenger & C. T. Gooding Learning Theories in Educ. Practice iii. 91 Programming complex behavior requires careful planning and sequencing of material.
1992 Sociol. of Educ. 65 73 The matrix of curriculum forms illustrates a range of potential patterns for programming, developing, and reforming curricula.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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