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单词 programma
释义

programman.

Brit. /prəʊˈɡramə/, U.S. /proʊˈɡræmə/
Inflections: Plural programmas, programmata Brit. /prəʊˈɡramətə/, U.S. /proʊˈɡræmədə/.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin programma.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin programma proclamation, edict (3rd cent.), (plural) observations (1656 in the source of quot. 1671 at programme n. 2), preface, introduction (1662 in a German source), (plural) prolegomena (1702 in the passage translated in quot. 1711 at sense 2) < ancient Greek πρόγραμμα order of the day, agenda, in Hellenistic Greek also public written notice, proclamation, edict < προ- pro- prefix2 + γράμμα letter (see -gram comb. form), after προγράϕειν to write publicly. Compare earlier programme n.With sense 1b compare German †Programma (c1700).
1.
a. Classical History, and formerly in some universities. A written notice, proclamation, or edict, esp. one posted up in a public place; a public notice.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > a placard, notice, or bill
bill1480
placard1560
ticket1567
pancart1577
affix1589
si quis1597
affiche1602
placketa1605
programme1633
programmaa1661
advertisement1692
clap-bill1699
handbill1718
daybill1731
show bill?a1750
notice1766
play-card1778
card1787
posting bill1788
poster1818
sticker1862
flyer1889
paper1896
a1661 B. Holyday in tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) Illustr. 302 Marcilius here understands by edictum, not the prætor's edict, but a programma, or bill put up by Nero, to signifie, that after dinner he would sing Callirhoe.
1678 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 426 Programma stuck up in every College hall under the vicechancellor's hand that no scholar abuse the soldiers..in the night watches that they keep at the Gild hall, Peniless Bench, and at most inns doores.
1693 London Gaz. No. 2893/1 Publick Programma's of his Expulsion [from Oxford University] are already Affixed in the three usual places.
1754 Def. Rector Exeter Coll. 13 We will recite the Vice-Chancellor's Programma at large.
1774–81 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. xviii. 438 His [sc. Erasmus'] edition of the Greek new testament..was absolutely proscribed at Cambridge: and a programma was issued in one of the most ample colleges, threatening a severe fine.
1820 R. Southey Life Wesley I. 47 The vice-chancellor had, in a programma, exhorted the tutors to discharge their duty by double diligence.
1937 J. Whatmough Foundations Rom. Italy 395 We have a few late Oscan election-placards from Pompeii, evidently addressed to Oscan-speaking voters,..and similar to the well-known Latin programmata.
1958 W. R. Ward Georgian Oxford 170 In March he was summoned to London to render an account of his conduct, and soon afterwards a programma was issued expressing..the University's ‘abhorrence & detestation of such factious and seditious practices’.
1986 L. S. Sutherland & L. G. Mitchell Hist. Univ. Oxf. V. 436 The seniors were so uneasy at the signs..of deistic thinking by the undergraduates that the vice-chancellor..called a meeting in late November 1728 to publish a Programma condemning the ‘ill Designing Persons' who sought to implant such views’.
b. A public notice of the subjects to be treated in a course of lectures or studies in a university; a syllabus. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1787 P. H. Maty tr. J. K. Riesbeck Trav. Germany III. lix. 143 When a young man comes here they commonly lay a Programma [Ger. einen Plan] before him, in which all the arts are disposed according to their natural order.
c. A public notice relating to a function or celebration about to take place, with a list of the proceedings in order; (hence) a prospectus, agenda, programme (programme n. 3). Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > arranging > planned series of events or programme > prospectus, programme, or syllabus
programma1789
programme1799
1789 M. Madan New Transl. Juvenal & Persius 327 A programma, a kind of play-bill, which was stuck up, as ours are, in a morning.
1815 J. C. Hobhouse Substance Lett. (1816) I. 400 A programma of the fête [in France], together with the order from the minister of police was fixed to the walls.
1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 227 The Prytanes..before the meeting set up a programma in some place of general concourse, in which were contained the matters that were to form the subject of consideration at the ensuing Assembly.
1990 A. A. Burn Penguin Hist. Greece 239 The Council drew up the programma or order-paper, which might include detailed recommendations.
2. A written preface or introduction; (in plural) prefatory remarks, prolegomena. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > prologue or introduction
forespeechc1000
prologuec1350
proemya1382
preamblec1395
proemc1410
exordyc1430
prolocutory1447
protocolc1450
forespeaking1480
preface1484
prooemiumc1485
preparation1526
introduction1529
induction1533
introducement1536
epistle?1548
prelude1548
proposition1553
foretalk1565
exordium1581
prolegomenons1600
inducement1605
isagoge1652
propylaeum1693
programma1711
foreword1842
foretalking1872
programme1880
pronaos1894
peritext1977
epitext1978
1711 tr. S. Werenfels Disc. Meteors Stile in tr. S. Werenfels Disc. Logomachys 210 Prefaces, Inscriptions, and Programmata [L. programmatibus] abound with Phrases..worthy Cedar and Gold.
1715 T. Hearne in Remarks & Coll. (1857) I. 334 Dr. Gardiner..in a silly programma he hath published.
1761 T. Warton Life Bathurst 218 [Dr. Bathurst's] programma, on preaching..is an agreeable and lively piece of writing.
1883 J. R. Harris Stichometry (1893) 36 The peculiar features of the arrangement of his [sc. Euthalius's] text are prefaces, programmata, lists of quotations with reference to the authors..from whom they come.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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