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单词 prostrate
释义

prostraten.2

Brit. /ˈprɒstreɪt/, U.S. /ˈprɑˌstreɪt/
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: prostate n.
Etymology: Alteration of prostate n., by confusion with prostrate adj. Compare post-classical Latin prostrata (1625 in the passage translated in quot. 1654 at prostate n.).
nonstandard.
= prostate n. Frequently attributive, esp. in prostrate gland.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > prostate gland
prostate1638
prostrate1686
prostate gland1711
prostatic gland1835
prostatic body1838
1686 C. Peter Observ. Venereal Dis. viii. 65 The Prostrate Glandules being either eaten away, or too much relaxed, and so weakened by the continual Ulceration.
1742 J. Parsons Descr. Human Urin. Bladder 6 It..is often mistaken for the purulent Matter of an Ulcer in some of the Urinary Organs; or for some Weakness in the prostrate Gland, Vesiculæ Seminales.
1799 T. Beddoes Contrib. to Physical & Med. Knowl. 454 Neither was there the smallest reason to suspect either a diseased bladder, prostrate gland, or strictured urethra.
1856 Illinois State Chron. 3 Apr. Hypertrophy of the prostrate, atrophy of the prostrate..cystic diseases of the prostrate, fibrous tumors of the prostrate.
1888 H. W. Freeman Thermal Baths of Bath xiii. 285 The following diseases are suitable for thermal treatment..catarrh of the bladder; hypertrophy of the prostrate.
1943 Nebraska State Jrnl. 30 Oct. 2/4 Discoveries of the past three years have given an entirely new outlook to the cancer situation, particularly to cancer of the prostrate.
1984 Ann. Internal Med. 100 900 Having prostrate trouble is certainly more descriptive than having prostate trouble.
2006 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 11 May 1 The plant also produces zanamivir, the active ingredient in the anti-bird flu vaccine Relenza, and two other lines to treat asthma and enlarged prostrates.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

prostrateadj.n.1

Brit. /ˈprɒstreɪt/, U.S. /ˈprɑˌstreɪt/
Forms: Middle English–1600s prostrat, late Middle English prostraat, late Middle English– prostrate, 1500s–1600s prosterate; Scottish pre-1700 prostrait, pre-1700 prostrat, pre-1700 1700s– prostrate.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prōstrātus.
Etymology: < classical Latin prōstrātus (adjective) lying flat, laid low, defeated, (noun) person lying prostrate, in post-classical Latin also (adjective) abject (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), (noun) person who has been slain (Vetus Latina), uses as adjective and noun of past participle of prōsternere prostern v. Compare Anglo-Norman prostrat, Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French prostré (13th cent. in Old French), Old Occitan prostrat, Spanish postrado (mid 13th cent. as prostrado).
A. adj.
1.
a. Of a person: lying with the face to the ground, in token of submission or humility, as in adoration, worship, or supplication; (hence more generally) lying stretched out on the ground, typically with the face downwards. Frequently in predicative or quasi-adverbial use, as in to fall prostrate, to lie prostrate, etc. Cf. prone adj. 5b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > self-abasement > [adjective] > self-abased
prostratec1390
enclinc1400
prostitute1621
self-abased1668
self-abandoned1688
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adjective] > prostrate or face down
nueleOE
prostratec1390
gryfelya1450
prone1610
prostitute1621
ventricumbent1882
c1390 (?c1350) Savinian & Savina 259 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 97 (MED) Prostrat heo fel þen to grounde And preyed to God.
a1425 Ordination of Nuns (Lansd.) in E. A. Kock Rule St. Benet (1902) 144 (MED) Þan he sall say fore colettis oure hir, The nouice ligand prostrate be þe gree, And þe priores and þe couent standand in þer stallis.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 244 (MED) Thy moder..Swownyng full offte, fil to þe ground prostrat.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Lyf St. Wenefryde 15 Here we lye prostrate for to offre our prayers to god.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 148 (MED) Þei leyde her crounes before god & fel doun prostrate before þe lambe & worshipid him into worldes of worldes.
?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe ii. xxx. f. 47v To them, whiche haue feble digestion, it is good to slepe prostrate on their bealyes.
1608 M. Fotherby Fovre Serm. 29 They worship him, not kneeling, but prostrate.
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. D Whiles we on grassie bed did lie prostrate.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. i. 4 Finding us all prostrate upon our Faces (for so I gave order,) they pinioned us.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xv. 500 Emaciated by fasting and clothed in sackcloth, the penitent lay prostrate at the door of the assembly.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xv. 58 O'er my prostrate kinsman stood The ruthless murderer.
1877 A. B. Edwards Thousand Miles up Nile ii. 27 Some lay prostrate, their foreheads touching the ground.
1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes iii. 38 He rushed forward to drag the ape from his wife's prostrate form.
1991 E. Peters Last Camel died at Noon i. i. 19 The stranger toppled forward and fell prostrate on the hearth rug.
b. Of something usually erect or standing, as a tree, wall, pillar, etc.: laid flat or cut down; levelled to the ground, overthrown.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > [adjective] > lying flat
flatc1440
lyinga1450
prostrate1560
jacent1611
prone1785
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [adjective] > demolishing > demolished or ruined
razed?1518
flat1560
prostrate1560
overthrown1579
uplaid1582
demolished1609
fight-rac't?1611
collapsed1620
slighted1656
flatted1681
wrecked1818
fallen1821
torn-down1933
1560 W. Painter tr. W. Fulke Antiprognosticon sig. Bv A huge and greate buildynge, this so sclender and weake a foundation beeyng taken away, muste needes fall downe, and lye prostrate [L. corruat].
1566 T. Drant Wailyngs Hieremiah in tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Kiiij The battred wall, prostrate dyd fall..The earthe supte vp the gorgious gates.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 55 If it [sc. a tree] lye prostrate with the bark on, which is a receptacle for a certain intercutaneous worm that accelerates its decay.
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. vii. 191 Great quantities of subterraneous Woods, lying 10 and 20 Ells below the Superficies of the Ground, prostrate towards the East.
a1700 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. 279 Three Leagues in Compass they the Ocean vail'd, And press'd the Billows prostrate as they sail'd.
1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. iii. 30 Ægina was behind me, Megara was before, Pyræus on the right hand, Corinth on the left.—What flourishing towns now prostrate upon the earth!
1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone vii. 129 The mournful waste Of prostrate altars.
1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun I. xvii. 193 The party of our friends sat down, three or four of them on a prostrate column.
1916 E. R. Burroughs Beasts of Tarzan iii. 43 He found a fallen tree... He scooped a small, round hole in the surface of the prostrate trunk.
1987 E. Newby Round Ireland in Low Gear xi. 195 Pillar stones, prostrate stones, one of them with cup-and-circle and other prehistoric markings.
2004 Times (Nexis) 23 Dec. ii. 2 The Christmas tree lies prostrate at the back door with an axe embedded in its trunk.
2. figurative and in figurative contexts.
a. Laid low in mind or spirit; submissive or abject; defeated or powerless. Sometimes as past participle: = prostrated adj. at prostrate v. Derivatives.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > [adjective] > utterly defeated
prostratec1425
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > [adjective]
tholemodec1000
bowinga1340
subjectc1384
enclinant1400
yoldena1413
subjective1417
prostratec1425
obtemperate?a1475
subjected1550
subject-like1553
submiss1570
submissive1572
yielding1578
obnoxious1591
subordinate1594
subjectly1596
yieldable1603
dejective1611
passive1616
awebound1631
succumbent1647
resigning1648
complaisant1676
ovine1676
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 8 (MED) This synguler ennemy of mankynde..throwythe dowyn men And, them so prostrate, with horrible cleys of malice violently constrayneth.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Trial of Fox l. 930 in Poems (1981) 39 My micht is merciabill And steiris nane that ar to me prostrait.
1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) lxxxv. sig. Bb2 Our kynges dukes erles and barons slepeth and letteth all be loste taken prostrate and destroyed.
1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K2v For loftie type of honour..is downe in dust prostrate.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iii. 96 Looke gracious on thy prostrate Thrall. View more context for this quotation
a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse (1647) 96 At your service all I have lyes prostrate.
1749 T. Smollett Regicide v. i. 65 Let us avoid the opposite Extremes Of Negligence supine, and prostrate Fear.
1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 128 Ye Men of prostrate mind! A seemly reverence may be paid to power.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 278 The violent reaction which had laid the Whig party prostrate.
1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland xvi. 358 William III. took steps to restore the prostrate industry of the country.
1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxix. 458 She was so overcome with prostrate love for him, that she could scarcely speak sensibly at all.
1988 E. Feinstein Mother's Girl v. 63 It had been a short marriage, but evidently its ending left him prostrate. He could not lecture.
2000 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 64 75 The Civil War left the South prostrate and opened the way for revolution.
b. In a state of physical exhaustion or complete weakness; unable to rise or exert oneself; debilitated. Now chiefly: afflicted with illness, fatigue, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective]
wearyc825
asadc1306
ateyntc1325
attaintc1325
recrayed1340
methefula1350
for-wearya1375
matea1375
taintc1380
heavy1382
fortireda1400
methefula1400
afoundered?a1425
tewedc1440
travailedc1440
wearisomec1460
fatigate1471
defatigatec1487
tired1488
recreant1490
yolden?1507
fulyeit?a1513
traiked?a1513
tavert1535
wearied1538
fatigated1552
awearya1555
forwearied1562
overtired1567
spenta1568
done1575
awearied1577
stank1579
languishinga1586
bankrupt?1589
fordone1590
spent1591
overwearied1592
overworn1592
outworn1597
half-dead1601
back-broken1603
tiry1611
defatigated1612
dog-wearya1616
overweary1617
exhaust1621
worn-out1639
embossed1651
outspent1652
exhausted1667
beaten1681
bejaded1687
harassed1693
jaded1693
lassate1694
defeata1732
beat out1758
fagged1764
dog-tired1770
fessive1773
done-up1784
forjeskit1786
ramfeezled1786
done-over1789
fatigued1791
forfoughten1794
worn-up1812
dead1813
out-burnta1821
prostrate1820
dead beat1822
told out1822
bone-tireda1825
traiky1825
overfatigued1834
outwearied1837
done like (a) dinner1838
magged1839
used up1839
tuckered outc1840
drained1855
floored1857
weariful1862
wappered1868
bushed1870
bezzled1875
dead-beaten1875
down1885
tucked up1891
ready (or fit) to drop1892
buggered-up1893
ground-down1897
played1897
veal-bled1899
stove-up1901
trachled1910
ragged1912
beat up1914
done in1917
whacked1919
washy1922
pooped1928
shattered1930
punchy1932
shagged1932
shot1939
whipped1940
buggered1942
flaked (out)1942
fucked1949
sold-out1958
wiped1958
burnt out1959
wrung out1962
juiced1965
hanging1971
zonked1972
maxed1978
raddled1978
zoned1980
cream crackered1983
the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased > weak
unmightyeOE
unferea1060
unwieldc1220
fade1303
lewc1325
weak1340
fainta1375
sicklyc1374
unwieldyc1386
impotent1390
delicatea1398
lowa1398
unmighta1450
unlustyc1450
low-brought1459
wearyc1480
failed1490
worn1508
caduke?1518
fainty1530
weak1535
debile1536
fluey1545
tewly?1547
faltering1549
puling1549
imbecilec1550
debilitate1552
flash1562
unable1577
unhealthful1595
unabled1597
whindling1601
infirm1608
debilitated1611
bedrid1629
washya1631
silly1636
fluea1645
tender1645
invaletudinary1661
languishant1674
valetudinaire?c1682
puly1688
thriftless1693
unheartya1699
wishy-washy1703
enervate1706
valetudinarian1713
lask1727
wersh1755
palliea1774
wankle1781
asthenic1789
atonic1792
squeal1794
adynamic1803
worn-down1814
totterish1817
asthenical1819
prostrate1820
used up1823
wankya1825
creaky1834
groggy1834
puny1838
imbeciled1840
rickety-rackety1840
muscleless1841
weedy1849
tottery1861
crocky1880
wimbly-wambly1881
ramshackle1889
twitterly1896
twittery1907
wonky1919
strung out1959
1820 T. Jefferson Let. 15 Aug. in Writings (1984) 1440 I am a great defaulter, my dear Sir, in our correspondence, but prostrate health rarely permits me to write.
1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos vii. 90 Puts nerve and sinew into the most prostrate arm.
1880 J. W. Sherer Conjuror's Daughter 284 ‘How was she?’ ‘Very prostrate and at this hour feverish.’
1887 Sportsman 25 July 2/1 At the present moment we are so ‘prostrate’, that we have not strength enough to go to the treasure chamber.
1907 Times 26 Jan. 4/1 He visited the testator, and was greatly surprised to find that he had been very ill and prostrate with rheumatic fever.
1946 W. de la Mare Traveller 29 Prostrate with thirst and weariness and woe, Into a plumbless deep of sleep he sank.
2003 J. E. Harper Women during Civil War 398 Enduring one barrage after another left many women prostrate with exhaustion in the days following a lengthy attack.
3.
a. Botany. Of a plant, its stem, etc.: growing flat against or close to the ground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > climbing, spreading, or creeping
running1548
spreading1560
flat1578
ramping1578
wandering1590
upcreeping1611
gadding1638
rambling1653
obsequious1657
reptant1657
scansive1657
scansory1657
procumbent1668
repent1669
scandenta1682
supine1686
scrambling1688
creeping1697
sarmentous1721
reptile1727
sarmentose1760
prostrate1773
trailing1785
decumbent1789
travelling1822
vagrant1827
sarmentaceous1830
humifuse1854
sarmentiferous1858
amphibryous1866
humistratous1880
climbing1882
clambering1883
1773 W. Hanbury Compl. Body Planting & Gardening II. 406/1 Gooseberry-leaved Geranium. The stalks of this plant are prostrate, slender, smooth, and grow to about a foot and an half long.
1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Veg. Great Brit. II. 467 Tutsan... Stems two-edged; prostrate; thread-shaped.
1865 G. Bentham Illustr. Handbk. Brit. Flora I. 206 Subterranean Clover... A small, prostrate annual, more or less clothed with long spreading hairs.
1916 J. W. Harshberger Vegetation New Jersey Pine-Barrens xvi. 240 The flowering-moss, or pyxie, is usually a prostrate or creeping plant.
1986 Pract. Gardening Mar. 16/3 Some of the prostrate roses can be used as ground cover.
b. Entomology and Botany. Esp. of a hair or trichome: closely appressed to a surface; lying flat.
ΚΠ
1818 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1 416 Abdomen. Venter bronzed, segments margined with purple, having dense, cinereous, prostrate hair each side.
1839 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 6 155 Body with short prostrate hairs.
1941 Amer. Midland Naturalist 26 126 Dull black, minutely pubescent with yellowish prostrate hairs.
1979 Precambrian Res. 9 30 Branching of prostrate trichomes produced erect trichomes.
1984 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 71 200/1 Conspicuously absent are the well-cutinized peltate scales, prostrate hairs, and various multiseriate trichomes characteristic of many extant dicots.
B. n.1
1. = prostrator n. 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > [noun] > person undergoing > varieties of
prostratea1600
succumbent1661
co-stander1709
prostrator1709
consistenta1711
kneeler1719
substrator1720
weeper1841
stander1877
scrupulant1938
a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) vi. 76 Being taken and admitted to the next degree of prostrates, at the feet, yet behind the back of that Angel representing God, whom the rest saw face to face.
1654 J. Trapp Comm. Job i. 20 The ancient Prophets and holy men were called Nephalim procidentes, or Prostrantes, that is prostrates or Fallers downe.
a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo iii, in Wks. (1721) III. 77 The Prostrates near the Sacred Desk are plac'd, By Self-Humiliations more debas'd.
1889 H. M. Luckock Divine Liturgy xxiv. 198 After the third century there were certain well-defined ‘stations’ through which Penitents passed progressively to the full restitution of their forfeited rights... ‘Mourners’..‘Hearers’..‘Prostrates’..‘Bye-standers’.
1929 G. Atherton Dido Queen of Carthage iii. xi. 247 Anna, pious as she was, had a very strong suspicion that when appealing to the gods for advice the prostrates heard what best suited their purpose.
1955 Sr. Agnes Clare Way tr. St. Basil Lett. II. 109 For three years he shall continue to be among the hearers, for four in the rank of prostrates, for one year he shall only stand.
†2. A prostrate person; (with the and plural agreement) prostrate people as a class. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > [noun] > one who is defeated or overthrown
prostrate1648
the mind > language > speech > request > one who requests > [noun] > one who petitions or appeals
beseecher1382
petitioner1414
suitor1414
orator1417
suppliantc1422
supplicant1475
soliciter1536
solicitor1551
oratricle1574
pleader1584
supplicationer1585
beggar1589
incaller?1591
supplicator1593
petitor1596
beadsman1600
impetrator1605
implorer1611
imploratora1616
replicant1622
invokera1649
prostrate1648
deprecator1656
appellant1704
memorialist1706
applicationer1710
postulant1733
invocant1751
solicitant1821
petitionist1822
memorializer1859
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides 232 (title of poem) Pitie to the prostrate.
1676 T. Otway Don Carlos i. 3 To lye a prostrate at her feet.
1691 T. Heyrick Misc. Poems 40 'Twill sully all your former glorious Fame To say, You such a Prostrate overcame.
1731 P. Frowse Philotas ii. 23 Our King..: To raise the Prostrate still his chief Delight.
1805 Times 24 June 2/3 The insults it offers to the prostrate and afflicted.
1883 G. H. Boker Francesca Da Rimini v. i. 452 And if the sharp rebound may hurl us back Among the prostrate, did we not soar once?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

prostratev.

Brit. /prɒˈstreɪt/, /prəˈstreɪt/, U.S. /ˈprɑˌstreɪt/
Forms: late Middle English prostratte (past tense), late Middle English– prostrate, 1500s prostrate (past tense), 1600s (1800s nonstandard) prosterate; Scottish pre-1700 prostrat, pre-1700 1700s– prostrate.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōstrāt-, prōsternere.
Etymology: < classical Latin prōstrāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix3) of prōsternere prostern v. Compare Anglo-Norman prostrater to spread, lay out (a1382; compare French prostrer (1884)), Spanish postrar (15th cent.), Italian prostrare (a1342).Sense 1a may have developed out of the reflexive use in sense 1b. The position of the main stress apparently varied in earlier use, and it continues to vary between British and U.S. pronunciation. N.E.D. (1909) indicates the stress as 'prostrate.
1.
a. intransitive. To become prostrate; to fall forward with the face downward; to throw oneself to the ground in reverence or submission (cf. sense 1b).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (intransitive)] > kneel, bow, or prostrate oneself
kneel?a1000
fallOE
kneec1000
prostratea1425
genuflect1850
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] > lie down or assume reclining position > prostrate
streeka1325
prostratea1425
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > revere [verb (intransitive)] > show reverence > prostrate oneself in reverence
fallOE
prostratea1425
shikho1858
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)] > perform act of submission
prostratea1425
to kiss (a person's) shoec1535
benda1586
kowtow1863
a1425 Ordination of Nuns (Lansd.) in E. A. Kock Rule St. Benet (1902) 143 Þan þe nouice sall prostrate downe be-fore þe gree, when Kirieleison.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. X4 Belge with her sonnes prostrated low Before his feete. View more context for this quotation
1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Prostrate, to..fall downe flat on the ground.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iv. 177 He shall make satisfaction by prostrating before the Oratory.
1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses x. 46 When I am Lord of the Universe, the Sun shall prostrate and adore me!
1755 T. Amory Mem. Ladies 237 We must even prostrate before the block they call her image.
1832 T. H. Chivers Path of Sorrow 46 The Kings of Zion, and of Israel's land, Shall prostrate full, and worship at His feet.
1881 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 3 30 An extemporised song was struck up in his honour, to which he danced, prostrated before the chief, and retired.
1938 R. K. Narayan Dark Room x. 187 Everybody..prostrated before the image.
1988 J. L. Esposito Islam i. 30 When God commanded the angels to prostrate before Adam, Satan or Iblis refused.
2002 Mandala Mar.–May 41/2 From eight in the evening until two the following morning he would prostrate.
b. transitive (reflexive). To throw oneself flat on the ground so as to be lying face downwards, especially in reverence or submission. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (reflexive)] > kneel, bow, or prostrate oneself
prostratec1425
prostern1490
prostitute1583
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (reflexive)] > prostrate
prostratec1425
prostern1490
prostitute1583
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > [verb (reflexive)] > prostrate oneself in reverence
prostratec1425
prostern1490
humiliate1533
prostitute1583
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (reflexive)] > perform act of submission
prostratec1425
prostern1490
prostitute1583
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 22 (MED) Therfore lette vs prostrate oure self yn prayer to hym.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 668/2 So soone as ever he came byfore the sacrament, he prostrate hym selfe with moost hyghe reverence.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xxiiii The Moores..prostrated and humbled them selues before thesayde great Master.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 49 When they prostrate themselves, that signifies that they adore God.
1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. x. 455 Sethos, upon entring, prostrated himself at his feet.
1750 Bible (Challoner) II. 2 Kings xiv. 33 Absalom was called for, and he went in to the king: and prostrated himself on the ground before him.
1796 Hull Advertiser 23 July 4/2 The woman, having prostrated herself on the grave of the deceased, continued some time in silent meditation or prayer.
1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1872) 3rd Ser. iii. 38 The Oriental prostrates himself on the ground.
1883 R. F. Burton & V. F. Cameron To Gold Coast I. iii. 57 Votaries prostrating themselves before a dark dwarf ‘Lady’ with jewelled head.
1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxii. 327 Hermione would have been his slave—there was in her a horrible desire to prostrate herself before a man.
1991 M. Tully No Full Stops in India (1992) v. 153 Pilgrims stood praying immersed to their waists in the water of the pool or prostrated themselves before the shrine.
2006 Daily Mail (Nexis) 1 Apr. 19 It can't cosy up to Condi and the Pentagon warmongers, while also prostrating itself before Muslim constituencies in the hope of electoral favour.
2. transitive. To cause to lay flat on the ground; to overthrow, knock down, level (something erect, as a house, a tree, a person, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > place in horizontal position [verb (transitive)] > lay flat (on the ground)
layc950
lairc1200
streek1303
to lay lowc1405
prostrate1483
prostern1490
spald1513
prostitute1583
prosternate1593
lodge1597
flatten1712
1483 St. Albans Chron. sig. eviiiv He prostratit mony a M.
1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 5 To..prostrate and ouerthrowe all suche mylles..lockes..hebbinge weares, and other impedimentes.
1595 E. Spenser Amoretti lvi, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. D5v A storme, that all things doth prostrate [rhyme ruinate].
1693 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (ed. 2) ii. v. 183 There happened an Earthquake..wherein twelve Cities of Asia were prostrated in one night.
a1705 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (1713) ii. v. 232 These Trees..were broken down, and prostrated by the Force of..tempestuous Winds.
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 580 Heav'n..Shall prostrate to thy sword the Suitor-crowd.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose v, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 105 The attack which Dalgetty made upon Argyle's person was so sudden and unexpected, that he easily prostrated him on the floor of the dungeon.
1878 R. Browning Poets Croisic xxxiv Pebble from sling Prostrates a giant.
1939 Florida: Guide to Southernmost State (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 535 Aroused to fury..Halleck-Tustenugee raged like a madman, prostrated two of his followers, and bit off the ear of a third.
2003 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 12 Sept. 40 The parson, emerging from the church door to proceed to the grave, was almost prostrated by a north-west blast.
3. In extended use.
a. transitive. To make submissive, humble; to overcome, overpower; to reduce to helplessness. Now usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > be defeated in [verb (transitive)] > defeat or overthrow (a person or thing)
prostrate1531
downthrow1563
annihilate1757
slosh1921
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm > completely or overthrow
shrenchc897
allayOE
fellOE
quellOE
to bring to the groundc1175
forlesec1200
to lay downa1225
acastc1225
accumberc1275
cumber1303
confoundc1330
overthrowc1375
cumrayc1425
overquell?c1450
overwhelvec1450
to nip in (also by, on) the head (also neck, pate)?a1500
prostrate1531
quash1556
couch1577
unhorse1577
prosternate1593
overbeata1616
unchariot1715
floor1828
quench1841
to knock over1853
fling1889
to throw down1890
steamroller1912
wipe1972
zonk1973
1531 Bp. W. Barlow Dyaloge Lutheran Faccyons sig. C3 The maiestie of goddis worde is of that nature to prostrate the presumpcyon of mannes wysdome.
1562 R. Eden Let. in E. Arber 1st Three Eng. Bks. on Amer. (1885) p. xliii/1 The greefes of aduerse fortune..dyd so muche prostrate my mynde.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 181 Her Adversaries conceive; had she not been laid there, the happiness of England had been prostrated in the same place.
1675 T. Ken Man. Prayers Winchester Coll. (new ed.) 12 When you read any great mystery, recorded in holy Writ, you are to prostrate your Reason to Divine Revelation.
a1776 G. Carr Serm. (1778) II. x. 145 In vain should we fall down and kneel before the Lord our Maker, unless we at the same time humble and prostrate the mind.
1813 T. Jefferson Let. 24 June in Writings (1984) 1285 Private fortunes..are prostrated by the floods of nominal money with which their avarice deluges us.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. xxx. 159 It was adverse to any treaty which would not completely prostrate Athens under its rule.
1920 Punch 11 Aug. 115/2 One of the hardiest ‘charabankers’ was recently prostrated in that village by a well-aimed epithet from the oldest inhabitant.
2001 Western Daily Press (Bristol) (Nexis) 24 Sept. 8 This is the state of affairs in British farming, an industry largely prostrated by four years of falling prices.
†b. transitive. To overthrow, defeat (a measure, etc.). Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1642 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 82 My Lord of Newcastle..would not give any new commission unless some just cause was shown to prostrate yt ye King had given.
c. transitive. To reduce to extreme physical weakness or exhaustion, as by disease or fatigue. Frequently in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > make weak
fellOE
wastec1230
faintc1386
endull1395
resolvea1398
afaintc1400
defeat?c1400
dissolvec1400
weakc1400
craze1476
feeblish1477
debilite1483
overfeeble1495
plucka1529
to bring low1530
debilitate1541
acraze1549
decaya1554
infirma1555
weaken1569
effeeble1571
enervate1572
enfeeble1576
slay1578
to pull downa1586
prosternate1593
shake1594
to lay along1598
unsinew1598
languefy1607
enerve1613
pulla1616
dispirit1647
imbecilitate1647
unstring1700
to run down1733
sap1755
reduce1767
prostrate1780
shatter1785
undermine1812
imbecile1829
disinvigorate1844
devitalize1849
wreck1850
atrophy1865
crumple1892
1780 J. Clark Observ. Fevers iii. 20 The pulse is weak, quick, and frequently unequal..and the strength and spirits prostrated.
1829 H. Murray Hist. Acct. Discoveries & Trav. N. Amer. II. iii. iii. 368 On calling for a lady, he was told that she was ‘quite prostrated’, which on explanation proved to be ill in bed.
1847 Times 3 Sept. 5/3 The whole of the sisters in the Gray Nunnery were prostrated by the malady.
1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xx. 412 Fever rapidly prostrates the energies.
1943 Sun (Baltimore) 14 June 10/7 A managerial stretch-out which prostrates war workers is intolerable.
1990 K. Frank Chainless Soul: Life E. Brontë ii. 55 They did not have the ‘low fever’ of typhoid which was prostrating their schoolmates.
†4.
a. transitive. To submit, present, or offer submissively or reverently to; to lay down at (also before) the feet of a person. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] > offer in specific manner
prostrate1553
blandish?1614
humblec1639
peddle1805
1553 J. Hooper Whether Christian Faith maye be kepte Secret sig. av Al such as be of a right & staied iudgement, & will not prostrate their bodyes to an idol, doth he condemne.
1568 G. Bannatyne in T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) III. f. 234v I..wt..quaking pen..prostratis my seruice law doun at ȝour feit.
1583 H. D. Godlie Treat. 4 Being bold in all humilitie to prostrate this little booke before your honour.
1588 T. Cavendish Let. 9 Sept. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 837 All which seruices with my selfe I humbly prostrate at her Maiestie's feet.
1669 J. Flamsteed Let. 24 Nov. in Corr. (1995) I. 25 This I desire I may have the liberty..to prostrate to the most illustrious Royal Society.
1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 76 Before them they prostrate Victuals.
b. transitive. To let down or lower to the level of. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lower or let down
abeyOE
fellOE
to let down1154
lowc1330
vailc1330
revalec1475
to let fallc1500
bate1530
stoop1530
down1595
fall1595
embase1605
dismount1609
lower1626
sink1632
prostratea1718
a1718 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. (1726) I. 605 God never prostrates his Secrets to Minds disobedient to what they do already know.

Derivatives

ˈprostrated adj.
ΚΠ
1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (vii.) f. 96v A lyon is a cruell beast yf he be exaspered, and gentle yf the man faldowne naked before him, & except it be in great honger he hurteth not siche humble prostrated proyes.
1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. App. 215 Stretch out an helping hand to an afflicted people, and a prostrated Commonweale.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 307 The 17 prostrated Wretches, were the People who brought the Offering.
1859 K. Cornwallis Panorama New World I. 354 That gentleman reported the prostrated hopes of the over-sanguine goldhunters.
1911 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 50 593 The prostrated trunks lie in all directions.
1990 Ess. in Crit. 40 202 The prostrated lover who took to his bed and drowned himself in tears was not a credible representation of natural behaviour.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.21686adj.n.1c1390v.a1425
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