prostheticadj.n.

Brit.

/prɒsˈθɛtɪk/,

/prəsˈθɛtɪk/, U.S.

/prɑsˈθɛdɪk/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prostheticus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin prostheticus (1677 in a work title in medical sense, 1854 in a work title, of a letter prefixed to a word) < Hellenistic Greek προσθετικός adding, furthering, advancing, giving additional power < ancient Greek πρόσθετος added, additional ( < πρός to (see prosody n.) + θέτος placed (see thetic adj.), after προστιθέναι to put to, add) + -ικός -ic suffix. In sense A. 3 after German prosthetisch (A. Kossel 1892, in Archiv f. Anat. u. Physiol.: Physiol. Abt. (1893) 157). Compare earlier prosthesis n. and prothetic adj.

A. adj.

1. Grammar. Of or relating to prosthesis (prosthesis n. 1); (of a letter or syllable) that has been prefixed to a word. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [adjective] > relating to affixes > prefixed or relating to prefixes

prepositive1583

prefixed1633

prosthetic1738

preformative1821

prothetic1833

prefixional1858

prefixal1864

prefixial1893

pre-mutative1899

1738 R. Grey Learning Hebrew p. xvii From..âmám, with a Prosthetic ל.

1768 J. Cleland Specimen Etimol. Vocab. Antient Celtic 171 The more leading way of spelling anth, would be with the prosthetic c aspirate, canth or hanth.

1837 G. Phillips Elem. Syriac Gram. 60 Some verbs are found to have Olaph prosthetic.

1859 F. M. Müller Sci. Lang. (1873) II. 291 Prosthetic vowels are very common in Greek before certain double consonants.

1875 P. Le P. Renouf Egypt. Gram. 63 The prosthetic use of a is not confined to words beginning with two consonants.

1904 Mod. Philol. 2 198 In hueco, if from vocuu..h is prosthetic.

1944 Mod. Lang. Notes 59 44 The aphesis of initial e in Middle English, whether in the case of the prefix es (ex) or the prosthetic e, before consonants and consonant groups, is a common phenomenon.

1971 D. Murison in A. J. Aitken et al. Edinb. Stud. Eng. & Sc. 194 The following spellings do indeed reflect early instances of pronunciations with prosthetic /j/..yane = one..and ȝown (= oun, oven).

1997 G. Stein John Palsgrave as Renaissance Linguist iii. 10 The southernmost areas for which Tory identified some regional characteristics are Toulouse and Gascony. Both regions are said to use a prosthetic e before s.

a. Medicine. Of or relating to prostheses; of the nature of a prosthesis; employing or caused by a prosthesis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > prosthesis or spare part > [adjective]

false1591

artificial1635

prosthetic1872

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > prosthesis > [adjective]

prothetic1722

prosthetic1872

1872 Classified Index Subj. Invention (U.S. Patent Office) 18 (subtitle) Artificial Limbs. Including all Prosthetic Parts, Splints, Fracture, and Orthopedic Appliances.

c1883 L. T. Sheffield Artific. Teeth without Plates 15 Our experience in the placing of so great a number of these crowns, and the satisfaction..of our patients..warrant us in claiming for our new system of Prosthetic Dentistry the following named advantages.

1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 July 180/1 The history of operative and prosthetic dentistry.

1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) vi. 56 Among conditions directly due to an ill-fitting denture is what is known as a ‘prosthetic’ ulcer.

1977 C. Sagan Dragons of Eden viii. 205 Perhaps some day it will be possible to add a variety of cognitive and intellectual prosthetic devices to the brain—a kind of eyeglasses for the mind.

2005 Independent 7 June 35/2 My consultant lined me up for a stapedectomy, a procedure in which the stapes is removed and a prosthetic one inserted in its place.

b. Esp. in the performing arts: of, relating to, or designating an object or procedure designed to alter a person's physical appearance temporarily.

ΚΠ

1960 Educ. Theatre Jrnl. 12 p. ix (advt.) An additional section on prosthetic effects contains much new material on latex, plastics, special textual effects, and a new chapter on physiognomy.

1978 Newsweek (Nexis) 4 Dec. 88 He refused to don a prosthetic Nixon nose to avoid creating a caricature.

1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses v. i. 268 [He] was ‘de-politicizing’ the show, by firing Chamcha and putting a huge Teuton..inside the prosthetic make-up and computer-generated imagery.

2002 Total Film Mar. 95/1 She looks like a beached whale. It's cleverly done (Paltrow blubbered up by wearing a prosthetic suit).

3. Biochemistry. Designating a non-protein group forming part of or combined with a protein, and often necessary for biological activity.

ΚΠ

1898 J. A. Mandel tr. O. Hammarsten Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 2) ii. 48 The nucleoproteids..may be considered as combinations of a proteid nucleus with a side chain, which Kossel calls the prostetic [sic; 1904 prosthetic] group.

1932 Science 10 June 615/2 It is of fundamental importance to decide whether the activity of insulin is a function of the whole molecule or of a prosthetic group, non-proteid in composition, which is attached to the protein complex.

1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. vii. 238/1 Prosthetic groups are usually permanently attached to the enzyme, having been built into the enzyme when it was synthesized.

2004 Science 20 Feb. 1188/3 Iron sulfur clusters represent one of the most ancient of prosthetic groups, and one of the most ubiquitous.

B. n.

= prosthesis n. 2b; (also) an artificial body part or feature worn as theatrical make-up or for special effects.

ΚΠ

1933 Internat. Jrnl. Orthodontia & Dentistry for Children 19 532 Premature loss of children's teeth frequently leads to a need for bridges or prosthetics.

1964 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 107 743/1 A prosthetic of some type may be necessary to bridge the gap or to reinforce the repair.

1979 West Lancs. Evening Gaz. 4 May 22 (advt.) The duties are concerned with the manufacture of artificial eyes and other ocular prosthetics.

2002 Fangoria Mar. 19/3 [He] is playing Khayman, who's a mummy, so he has four prosthetics over his whole head, chest and arms.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prosthetic
释义	prostheticadj.n. Brit. /prɒsˈθɛtɪk/, /prəsˈθɛtɪk/, U.S. /prɑsˈθɛdɪk/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prostheticus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin prostheticus (1677 in a work title in medical sense, 1854 in a work title, of a letter prefixed to a word) < Hellenistic Greek προσθετικός adding, furthering, advancing, giving additional power < ancient Greek πρόσθετος added, additional ( < πρός to (see prosody n.) + θέτος placed (see thetic adj.), after προστιθέναι to put to, add) + -ικός -ic suffix. In sense A. 3 after German prosthetisch (A. Kossel 1892, in Archiv f. Anat. u. Physiol.: Physiol. Abt. (1893) 157). Compare earlier prosthesis n. and prothetic adj. A. adj. 1. Grammar. Of or relating to prosthesis (prosthesis n. 1); (of a letter or syllable) that has been prefixed to a word. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [adjective] > relating to affixes > prefixed or relating to prefixes prepositive1583 prefixed1633 prosthetic1738 preformative1821 prothetic1833 prefixional1858 prefixal1864 prefixial1893 pre-mutative1899 1738 R. Grey Learning Hebrew p. xvii From..âmám, with a Prosthetic ל. 1768 J. Cleland Specimen Etimol. Vocab. Antient Celtic 171 The more leading way of spelling anth, would be with the prosthetic c aspirate, canth or hanth. 1837 G. Phillips Elem. Syriac Gram. 60 Some verbs are found to have Olaph prosthetic. 1859 F. M. Müller Sci. Lang. (1873) II. 291 Prosthetic vowels are very common in Greek before certain double consonants. 1875 P. Le P. Renouf Egypt. Gram. 63 The prosthetic use of a is not confined to words beginning with two consonants. 1904 Mod. Philol. 2 198 In hueco, if from vocuu..h is prosthetic. 1944 Mod. Lang. Notes 59 44 The aphesis of initial e in Middle English, whether in the case of the prefix es (ex) or the prosthetic e, before consonants and consonant groups, is a common phenomenon. 1971 D. Murison in A. J. Aitken et al. Edinb. Stud. Eng. & Sc. 194 The following spellings do indeed reflect early instances of pronunciations with prosthetic /j/..yane = one..and ȝown (= oun, oven). 1997 G. Stein John Palsgrave as Renaissance Linguist iii. 10 The southernmost areas for which Tory identified some regional characteristics are Toulouse and Gascony. Both regions are said to use a prosthetic e before s. 2. a. Medicine. Of or relating to prostheses; of the nature of a prosthesis; employing or caused by a prosthesis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > prosthesis or spare part > [adjective] false1591 artificial1635 prosthetic1872 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > prosthesis > [adjective] prothetic1722 prosthetic1872 1872 Classified Index Subj. Invention (U.S. Patent Office) 18 (subtitle) Artificial Limbs. Including all Prosthetic Parts, Splints, Fracture, and Orthopedic Appliances. c1883 L. T. Sheffield Artific. Teeth without Plates 15 Our experience in the placing of so great a number of these crowns, and the satisfaction..of our patients..warrant us in claiming for our new system of Prosthetic Dentistry the following named advantages. 1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 July 180/1 The history of operative and prosthetic dentistry. 1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) vi. 56 Among conditions directly due to an ill-fitting denture is what is known as a ‘prosthetic’ ulcer. 1977 C. Sagan Dragons of Eden viii. 205 Perhaps some day it will be possible to add a variety of cognitive and intellectual prosthetic devices to the brain—a kind of eyeglasses for the mind. 2005 Independent 7 June 35/2 My consultant lined me up for a stapedectomy, a procedure in which the stapes is removed and a prosthetic one inserted in its place. b. Esp. in the performing arts: of, relating to, or designating an object or procedure designed to alter a person's physical appearance temporarily. ΚΠ 1960 Educ. Theatre Jrnl. 12 p. ix (advt.) An additional section on prosthetic effects contains much new material on latex, plastics, special textual effects, and a new chapter on physiognomy. 1978 Newsweek (Nexis) 4 Dec. 88 He refused to don a prosthetic Nixon nose to avoid creating a caricature. 1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses v. i. 268 [He] was ‘de-politicizing’ the show, by firing Chamcha and putting a huge Teuton..inside the prosthetic make-up and computer-generated imagery. 2002 Total Film Mar. 95/1 She looks like a beached whale. It's cleverly done (Paltrow blubbered up by wearing a prosthetic suit). 3. Biochemistry. Designating a non-protein group forming part of or combined with a protein, and often necessary for biological activity. ΚΠ 1898 J. A. Mandel tr. O. Hammarsten Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 2) ii. 48 The nucleoproteids..may be considered as combinations of a proteid nucleus with a side chain, which Kossel calls the prostetic [sic; 1904 prosthetic] group. 1932 Science 10 June 615/2 It is of fundamental importance to decide whether the activity of insulin is a function of the whole molecule or of a prosthetic group, non-proteid in composition, which is attached to the protein complex. 1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. vii. 238/1 Prosthetic groups are usually permanently attached to the enzyme, having been built into the enzyme when it was synthesized. 2004 Science 20 Feb. 1188/3 Iron sulfur clusters represent one of the most ancient of prosthetic groups, and one of the most ubiquitous. B. n. = prosthesis n. 2b; (also) an artificial body part or feature worn as theatrical make-up or for special effects. ΚΠ 1933 Internat. Jrnl. Orthodontia & Dentistry for Children 19 532 Premature loss of children's teeth frequently leads to a need for bridges or prosthetics. 1964 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 107 743/1 A prosthetic of some type may be necessary to bridge the gap or to reinforce the repair. 1979 West Lancs. Evening Gaz. 4 May 22 (advt.) The duties are concerned with the manufacture of artificial eyes and other ocular prosthetics. 2002 Fangoria Mar. 19/3 [He] is playing Khayman, who's a mummy, so he has four prosthetics over his whole head, chest and arms. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1738
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