proficiencyn.

Brit.

/prəˈfɪʃnsi/, U.S.

/prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/,

/proʊˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/

Forms: 1500s–1700s proficiencie, 1500s– proficiency.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: proficient adj., -ency suffix; Latin prōficient- , prōficiēns , -ency suffix.

Etymology: < proficient adj. or its etymon classical Latin prōficient-, prōficiēns: see -ency suffix. Compare proficience n.

a. The quality or fact of being proficient; the degree of competence attained; adeptness, skill in a particular field.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > expertise or proficiency

craftOE

perfectionc1475

accomplement?c1525

proficiency1597

handiness1601

profection1605

expertnessa1616

provection1652

prowessa1668

proficience1713

adeptness1731

hability1840

expertise1868

expertship1880

expertism1886

wizardry1951

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation To Rdr. sig. **2^v If it be any mans pleasure to extenuate my sufficiency in other knowledge, or practise,..he..might easely be induced to be the Inuectiue of his owne Non-proficiency.]

1597 G. Harvey Trimming T. Nashe sig. G3^v Some of thyne owne faction, enuying thy proficiencie..hath pocketted thy Grace.

a1639 H. Wotton Surv. Educ. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 91 Pleasing themselves more in opinion of some proficiency, in terms of hunting or horsemanship.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. lxiv He has shown his Proficiency in the noble Science of Detraction.

1758 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. i. 17 The clergy in particular..were peculiarly remarkable for their proficiency in the study of the law.

a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. i. 5 Writing and accounts she was taught by her father; French by her mother: her proficiency in either was not remarkable.

1859 C. Barker Devel. Associative Princ. ii. 56 A proficiency in the use of these weapons being acquired..by..athletic games.

1903 Outlook 14 Mar. 604/1 Such a person shall be given a Regents' certificate of proficiency and be privileged to bear the title of ‘Registered Nurse’.

1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) iii. 24 Bed-making is an art that requires constant practice to ensure proficiency.

2000 Monitor (Kampala) 28 Apr. 16/3 She was elected unopposed as chairlady and she attributes this to her..proficiency in several languages.

b. A skill, a talent; (now frequently) a certain standard of skill acquired after a period of education or training.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > a skill

handa1398

proficiencya1662

skill1932

a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) i. 49 Partly by his own proficiencies, and partly by the good esteem which was had of his Father, he was nominated..unto a Scholars place in that House.

a1729 J. Rogers 19 Serm. (1735) vi. 104 Reflecting with too much Satisfaction on their own Proficiencies.

1792 T. Wintle Daniel p. lxi The favourable light in which the Author represents his own Endowments and Proficiencies..is a very fair reason for his adopting the third Person.

1847 J. C. Fenimore Crater I. xiv. 203 The black was..a good fresh-water sailor in general, a proficiency that he had acquired in consequence of having been born and brought up on the banks of the Delaware.

1864 W. Allingham Laurence Bloomfield (1890) viii. 85 Their chief proficiency, to lie with skill, Ev'n to each other.

1942 National Geographic Mag. June 715/1 In his contract he was described as being a ‘trained domestic’, with no special proficiencies.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 673/2 Tests of proficiencies, also called achievement tests, are intended to measure outcomes of systematic education.

1976 H. Sebald Momism iii. 58 In respect to mental proficiencies, masculinity has been associated with analytic and logical superiority.

2005 Scottsbluff (Nebraska) Star-Herald 27 Oct. 20/3 The A+ certification recognises certain hardware and software proficiencies in information technology.

†2. Improvement in skill or knowledge; progress, advancement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > progress towards completeness or perfection

profitc1384

proficience1605

proficiency1607

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [noun] > to a further or higher stage > in skill or knowledge

profitc1384

proficience1605

proficiency1607

1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders xviii. 149 After that he had made good proficiency in the study of Diuinity,..he could find no relish in the Romish religion, whereas before he had bene plunged in it vp to the hard eares.

1624 J. Donne Lett. (1651) 7 Heaven is not a place of a proficiency, but of present perfection.

a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) 317 The Hebrew and Chaldaick Tongues..became to be so generally embraced, and so chearfully studied, that it received a wonderful proficiency.

1690 J. Norris Christian Blessedness 118 We are now in a State of Proficiency, not of Perfection.

1731 J. Clarke Ess. Study 133 So much Variety would distract him; and make his Proficiencie in every one of them very slow and superficial.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. viii. 216 It was universally confessed, that in the two last of these arts, they had made a more than common proficiency.

1846 tr. M. Coverdale Let. in Remains 517 John Dodman,..I trust, has by this time made such proficiency in the German language, that I doubt not of his being able to discharge the duties of his office to the benefit of the church.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 164 Meanwhile he made little proficiency in fashionable or literary accomplishments.

1873 E. P. Roe What can she Do? xxxii. 461 ‘Ella..is studying drawing and painting’... Even Edith's unskilled eyes could see that she had made great proficiency.

Compounds

C1.

proficiency certificate n.

ΚΠ

1880 Times 20 Nov. 5/6 Every officer and sergeant holds a proficiency certificate.

1919 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) 15 July 6 Proficiency and competency certificates he considered an unwanted evil, and other means..could be found to judge the capacity and work of the child.

1996 Independent 10 Jan. ii. 24/5 She started the Swans Club for the over 65s, who took it terribly seriously and ended up with fistfuls of proficiency certificates.

2004 A. McKane Journalism Foreword p. v We understood that the course culminated in a set of final exams which, if we passed, would gain us the nctj proficiency certificate, the industry's standard qualification.

proficiency level n.

ΚΠ

1918 F. C. Paschal Witmer Cylinder Test (Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Pennsylvania) iv. 40 Professor Witmer presents the proposition that twelve performance scales are necessary to grade and level an individual, the intelligence level being measured by the invention scale and the resource scale, the proficiency level by the efficiency scale and the operation scale.

1977 P. Strevens New Orientations Teaching Eng. viii. 91 Proficiency level, particularly the distinction between beginners and non-beginners.

2015 H. L. Carpenter & T. W. Qualls Talent Developm. Platform v. 133 Keeping job responsibilities up to date also ensures that responsibilities..match the proficiency level of the employee or volunteer.

proficiency test n.

ΚΠ

1863 Times 28 Aug. 4/2 Candidates for civil employment must pass the ‘high proficiency’ test in the vernacular language of the province to which they are attached.]

1868 Proc. Grand Lodge Masons of Vermont 149 87 A change in By-Laws which would prevent the installation of any Master, Warden or Senior Deacon who had not satisfactorily passed a proficiency test given by the District Deputy.

1891 Times 2 Oct. 15/1 19,136 officers and non-commissioned officers passed the extra proficiency test.

1948 C. Beastall Internat. Roller Skating Annual 15 The RSROA..banned metal wheels, introduced skating and proficiency tests..in their rinks.

1999 Shooting Gaz. Nov. 32/1 We have..no statutory proficiency test—we don't even require a game licence to shoot wildfowl.

C2.

proficiency badge n. now Scouting and Guiding a badge worn to mark achievement in a given test of skill or ability.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > specific youth organizations > awards

proficiency badge1882

tenderfoot1908

pathfinder1911

1882 Manch. Guardian 3 Apr. 7/6 Fourteen men were entitled to wear marksmen's badges, and 27 were entitled to wear proficiency badges.

1911 Times 27 Jan. 14/3 The council have in view the possibility of utilizing the proficiency badge system as an incentive for boys to enter some form of apprenticeship.

1950 Mansfield (Ohio) News-Jrnl. 30 May 8/1 Forty-two proficiency badges were awarded to nine members of Girl Scout Troop 42 at a Court of Awards.

1999 Scouting Mag. Nov. (Visions for Future Insert) 6 A Progressive Training Scheme, guided by adults and supplemented by Activity/Proficiency badges, Challenge badges and special activities.

proficiency pay n. Military an addition to basic pay given on attainment of a certain level of proficiency.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > pay-allowances

allocation1658

field allowance1744

bat-money1793

proficiency pay1906

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > extra payments

lowancea1325

bonus1759

understanding1826

reach1851

talent money1859

trip money1891

poundage1892

proficiency pay1906

loading1937

weighting1946

incentive1948

holiday loading1986

1906 Times 18 Sept. 8/2 The conditions under which proficiency pay shall be drawn shall be as follows.

1960 D. D. Eisenhower in Public Papers of Presidents of U.S. 1960–1961 49 An increased number of men drawing proficiency pay.

2002 J. Hosek & B. Asch Air Force Compensation iii. 52 About 10 percent of airmen received selective reenlistment bonuses in 1999... In addition, 3 percent of enlisted personnel received proficiency pay.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	proficiency
释义	proficiencyn. Brit. /prəˈfɪʃnsi/, U.S. /prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/, /proʊˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/ Forms: 1500s–1700s proficiencie, 1500s– proficiency. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: proficient adj., -ency suffix; Latin prōficient- , prōficiēns , -ency suffix. Etymology: < proficient adj. or its etymon classical Latin prōficient-, prōficiēns: see -ency suffix. Compare proficience n. 1. a. The quality or fact of being proficient; the degree of competence attained; adeptness, skill in a particular field. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > expertise or proficiency craftOE perfectionc1475 accomplement?c1525 proficiency1597 handiness1601 profection1605 expertnessa1616 provection1652 prowessa1668 proficience1713 adeptness1731 hability1840 expertise1868 expertship1880 expertism1886 wizardry1951 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation To Rdr. sig. *2^v If it be any mans pleasure to extenuate my sufficiency in other knowledge, or practise,..he..might easely be induced to be the Inuectiue of his owne Non-proficiency.] 1597 G. Harvey Trimming T. Nashe* sig. G3^v Some of thyne owne faction, enuying thy proficiencie..hath pocketted thy Grace. a1639 H. Wotton Surv. Educ. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 91 Pleasing themselves more in opinion of some proficiency, in terms of hunting or horsemanship. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. lxiv He has shown his Proficiency in the noble Science of Detraction. 1758 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. i. 17 The clergy in particular..were peculiarly remarkable for their proficiency in the study of the law. a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. i. 5 Writing and accounts she was taught by her father; French by her mother: her proficiency in either was not remarkable. View more context for this quotation 1859 C. Barker Devel. Associative Princ. ii. 56 A proficiency in the use of these weapons being acquired..by..athletic games. 1903 Outlook 14 Mar. 604/1 Such a person shall be given a Regents' certificate of proficiency and be privileged to bear the title of ‘Registered Nurse’. 1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) iii. 24 Bed-making is an art that requires constant practice to ensure proficiency. 2000 Monitor (Kampala) 28 Apr. 16/3 She was elected unopposed as chairlady and she attributes this to her..proficiency in several languages. b. A skill, a talent; (now frequently) a certain standard of skill acquired after a period of education or training. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > a skill handa1398 proficiencya1662 skill1932 a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) i. 49 Partly by his own proficiencies, and partly by the good esteem which was had of his Father, he was nominated..unto a Scholars place in that House. a1729 J. Rogers 19 Serm. (1735) vi. 104 Reflecting with too much Satisfaction on their own Proficiencies. 1792 T. Wintle Daniel p. lxi The favourable light in which the Author represents his own Endowments and Proficiencies..is a very fair reason for his adopting the third Person. 1847 J. C. Fenimore Crater I. xiv. 203 The black was..a good fresh-water sailor in general, a proficiency that he had acquired in consequence of having been born and brought up on the banks of the Delaware. 1864 W. Allingham Laurence Bloomfield (1890) viii. 85 Their chief proficiency, to lie with skill, Ev'n to each other. 1942 National Geographic Mag. June 715/1 In his contract he was described as being a ‘trained domestic’, with no special proficiencies. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 673/2 Tests of proficiencies, also called achievement tests, are intended to measure outcomes of systematic education. 1976 H. Sebald Momism iii. 58 In respect to mental proficiencies, masculinity has been associated with analytic and logical superiority. 2005 Scottsbluff (Nebraska) Star-Herald 27 Oct. 20/3 The A+ certification recognises certain hardware and software proficiencies in information technology. †2. Improvement in skill or knowledge; progress, advancement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > progress towards completeness or perfection profitc1384 proficience1605 proficiency1607 the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [noun] > to a further or higher stage > in skill or knowledge profitc1384 proficience1605 proficiency1607 1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders xviii. 149 After that he had made good proficiency in the study of Diuinity,..he could find no relish in the Romish religion, whereas before he had bene plunged in it vp to the hard eares. 1624 J. Donne Lett. (1651) 7 Heaven is not a place of a proficiency, but of present perfection. a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) 317 The Hebrew and Chaldaick Tongues..became to be so generally embraced, and so chearfully studied, that it received a wonderful proficiency. 1690 J. Norris Christian Blessedness 118 We are now in a State of Proficiency, not of Perfection. 1731 J. Clarke Ess. Study 133 So much Variety would distract him; and make his Proficiencie in every one of them very slow and superficial. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. viii. 216 It was universally confessed, that in the two last of these arts, they had made a more than common proficiency. 1846 tr. M. Coverdale Let. in Remains 517 John Dodman,..I trust, has by this time made such proficiency in the German language, that I doubt not of his being able to discharge the duties of his office to the benefit of the church. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 164 Meanwhile he made little proficiency in fashionable or literary accomplishments. 1873 E. P. Roe What can she Do? xxxii. 461 ‘Ella..is studying drawing and painting’... Even Edith's unskilled eyes could see that she had made great proficiency. Compounds C1. proficiency certificate n. ΚΠ 1880 Times 20 Nov. 5/6 Every officer and sergeant holds a proficiency certificate. 1919 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) 15 July 6 Proficiency and competency certificates he considered an unwanted evil, and other means..could be found to judge the capacity and work of the child. 1996 Independent 10 Jan. ii. 24/5 She started the Swans Club for the over 65s, who took it terribly seriously and ended up with fistfuls of proficiency certificates. 2004 A. McKane Journalism Foreword p. v We understood that the course culminated in a set of final exams which, if we passed, would gain us the nctj proficiency certificate, the industry's standard qualification. proficiency level n. ΚΠ 1918 F. C. Paschal Witmer Cylinder Test (Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Pennsylvania) iv. 40 Professor Witmer presents the proposition that twelve performance scales are necessary to grade and level an individual, the intelligence level being measured by the invention scale and the resource scale, the proficiency level by the efficiency scale and the operation scale. 1977 P. Strevens New Orientations Teaching Eng. viii. 91 Proficiency level, particularly the distinction between beginners and non-beginners. 2015 H. L. Carpenter & T. W. Qualls Talent Developm. Platform v. 133 Keeping job responsibilities up to date also ensures that responsibilities..match the proficiency level of the employee or volunteer. proficiency test n. ΚΠ 1863 Times 28 Aug. 4/2 Candidates for civil employment must pass the ‘high proficiency’ test in the vernacular language of the province to which they are attached.] 1868 Proc. Grand Lodge Masons of Vermont 149 87 A change in By-Laws which would prevent the installation of any Master, Warden or Senior Deacon who had not satisfactorily passed a proficiency test given by the District Deputy. 1891 Times 2 Oct. 15/1 19,136 officers and non-commissioned officers passed the extra proficiency test. 1948 C. Beastall Internat. Roller Skating Annual 15 The RSROA..banned metal wheels, introduced skating and proficiency tests..in their rinks. 1999 Shooting Gaz. Nov. 32/1 We have..no statutory proficiency test—we don't even require a game licence to shoot wildfowl. C2. proficiency badge n. now Scouting and Guiding a badge worn to mark achievement in a given test of skill or ability. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > specific youth organizations > awards proficiency badge1882 tenderfoot1908 pathfinder1911 1882 Manch. Guardian 3 Apr. 7/6 Fourteen men were entitled to wear marksmen's badges, and 27 were entitled to wear proficiency badges. 1911 Times 27 Jan. 14/3 The council have in view the possibility of utilizing the proficiency badge system as an incentive for boys to enter some form of apprenticeship. 1950 Mansfield (Ohio) News-Jrnl. 30 May 8/1 Forty-two proficiency badges were awarded to nine members of Girl Scout Troop 42 at a Court of Awards. 1999 Scouting Mag. Nov. (Visions for Future Insert) 6 A Progressive Training Scheme, guided by adults and supplemented by Activity/Proficiency badges, Challenge badges and special activities. proficiency pay n. Military an addition to basic pay given on attainment of a certain level of proficiency. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > pay-allowances allocation1658 field allowance1744 bat-money1793 proficiency pay1906 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > extra payments lowancea1325 bonus1759 understanding1826 reach1851 talent money1859 trip money1891 poundage1892 proficiency pay1906 loading1937 weighting1946 incentive1948 holiday loading1986 1906 Times 18 Sept. 8/2 The conditions under which proficiency pay shall be drawn shall be as follows. 1960 D. D. Eisenhower in Public Papers of Presidents of U.S. 1960–1961 49 An increased number of men drawing proficiency pay. 2002 J. Hosek & B. Asch Air Force Compensation iii. 52 About 10 percent of airmen received selective reenlistment bonuses in 1999... In addition, 3 percent of enlisted personnel received proficiency pay. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1597
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