professorn.

Brit.

/prəˈfɛsə/, U.S.

/prəˈfɛsər/,

/proʊˈfɛsər/

Forms: Middle English professoure, Middle English–1700s professour, Middle English– professor, 1500s– professer (now nonstandard), 1600s prophessor; also Scottish pre-1700 professore, pre-1700 professouer, pre-1700 professour, pre-1700 professoure, pre-1700 proffessour; U.S. nonstandard 1800s– perfesser, 1800s– perfessor.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French proffessur, professeur; Latin professor.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman proffessur and Middle French professeur (French professeur ) person who professes (c1275 in Anglo-Norman), academic teacher of an art or science, or of the law (1337 in proffesseur en loys ), person who openly professes the Christian faith (15th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin professor person who declares, person who claims to be expert in some art or science, teacher, in post-classical Latin also person who professes a faith (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), person who takes religious vows (13th cent. in British sources), university academic (frequently 1304–1583 in British sources) < profess- , past participial stem of profitērī profess v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Old Occitan professor (Occitan professor), Catalan professor (early 15th cent.), Spanish profesor (1359 as professor), Portuguese professor (15th cent.), Italian professore (1389).With the forms in -er compare -er suffix¹.

I. Senses relating to the declaration of faith, principles, etc.

†1. A person who proclaims or publicly declares something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] > announcer or proclaimer

teller1340

professora1387

trumpet1447

blazerc1450

denouncer1490

trump1531

ebuccinator1542

declarer1548

proclaimer1548

announcer?1549

trumpet1549

trumpeter1581

blazoner1603

speaker1623

proclamator1650

annunciator1696

proclaimant1837

tooter1863

spruiker1893

spieler1894

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 7 (MED) Storie is wytnesse of tyme..weldeþ passyng doynges; storie putteþ forþ hire professoures [L. professores].

a. A person who makes open declaration of his or her feelings or beliefs, or of allegiance to some principle; one who professes (sometimes opposed, implicitly or explicitly, to one who practices).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > [noun] > a believer

professorc1400

believer?a1425

creditor1609

creditrix1611

setter-forth1611

c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 289 (MED) Professouris of goddis lawe schulde stonde by here bileue.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 90 Professorys of chrystys name & doctryne.

1554 J. Knox (title) A faythfull admonition..vnto the professours of Gods truthe in England.

1580 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 277 Mantineris and professouris of papistrie.

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1610 Those Turkes which are professors of Humilitie and Devotion.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §98. 468/1 In the treaty of Passaw was granted Liberty of Conscience to the Professors of the Augustane Confession.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xix. 361 Thus Men become Professors of, and Combatants for those Opinions, they were never convinced of.

1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 5. ⁋8 If the Professors of Non-resistance and Passive Obedience would stand to their Principle.

1786 R. P. Knight Acct. Worship of Priapus 112 The Ammonian Platonics, the last professors of the ancient religion.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. ii. 27 The first Oldenbuck..had left his country in consequence of the persecutions directed against the professors of the reformed religion.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. v. 294 The professors of one creed would stigmatize the professors of other creeds as idolatrous.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 428/2 She also wrote, in defence of her faith and its professors, The Spirit of Judaism.

1995 Daily Tel. 1 Dec. 28/4 The Act of Settlement of 1701..laid down that no person who was or who became a professor ‘of the popish religion’ or who became married to such a professor could inherit or retain the Throne.

b. spec. A person who makes open profession of religion, esp. a professing Christian. Now rare (in later use chiefly Scottish and U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun] > person(s) having

ileaffulOE

leaffulc1225

trowing1303

priestc1350

levera1400

trowera1400

believer?a1425

acknowledger1560

professor1597

credent1626

affiera1641

faithfullist1653

bhakta1828

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xx. 93 Both two hauing beene professors in times past.

1634 S. Rutherford Let. in Joshua Redivivus (1671) 470 Ye know many honourable friends and worthy professors will see your Ladyship, and that the Son of God is with you.

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 169 Then the Name of a Professor was odious, now specially in some parts of our Town..Religion is counted Honourable.

1714 S. Sewall Let. 17 Aug. in Let.-bk. (1888) II. 32 Give Warning to Professors, that they beware of Worldlymindedness, and Hypocrisie.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vii. 117 An excellent blacksmith; ‘but as he was a professor, he would drive a nail for no man on the Sabbath’.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvi. 258 Not a professor, as your town-folks have it; and what is worse, I'm afraid, not a practiser, either.

1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 137 He had never rebuked me as a strict professor would have done.

1903 K. D. Wiggin Rebecca Sunnybrook Farm 213 Mrs. Burch..was about to open her lips to ask if Rebecca was not a ‘professor’.

1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood viii The fosy professor that wags his pow and deplores the wickedness o' the land.

†3. A professed member of a religious order; a person who has made his or her profession (profession n. 1a). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > [noun]

cloisterer1340

religious1340

closterera1400

ruler1399

regular1443

professorc1500

votary1543

conventual1611

religionary1622

conventer1671

conversant1671

conventualist1762

religioner1808

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 914 Chanons & nonnes, feythfull professoures.

1761 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 172/2 In France in the year 1710, there were..612 jesuits colleges..and 24 professors houses of that society.

II. Senses relating to academic or other professional function or status.

a. A university academic of the highest rank; spec. (in Britain and some other English-speaking countries) the holder of a university chair in a specified faculty or subject. Also, in North American usage: any teacher at a university. Also applied to people of similar status in institutions other than universities.In the medieval European Universities, at first simply a synonym of Magister or Doctor (degrees being originally qualifications to teach), but in this use not common as an English word. The right originally possessed by any Master or Doctor to teach publicly in the schools of a Faculty was gradually restricted to an inner circle of teachers, and the term professor came eventually to be confined to the holders of salaried or endowed teaching offices, or to the highest class of these, such titles as reader, lecturer, instructor, tutor, etc., being given to teachers of lower rank. In the old English Universities the original usage survives in the letters S.T.P. (Sacrae Theologiae Professor) for D.D.; the application of the title to holders of endowed chairs was largely due to the creation of five Regius or King's Professors by Henry VIII (a number increased in later years) (see Regius adj.). The endowed teachers of some other subjects were at first called praelectors, but this title was gradually superseded by professor.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor

professorc1400

Doctor of the Chair1528

professoress1744

associate professor1812

adjoint professor1828

full professor1852

c1400 J. Wyclif On the Seven Deadly Sins (Bodl. 647) in Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 123 (MED) Men þat schulden be professoures of science of God synnen many weies..Somme..professoures of divinyte..whan þei schulden preche Gods lawe to þo puple, þei tellen lesynges.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 188 Pope Urbane degraded þese cardinales..þe cardinal of Venice, cardinal of Jene, whech were..Professoures of Diuinité.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance ii. f. 2^v By his commandment, the professours of those sciences purposed openly questions.

1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered vii. 21 [They] amounted him to bee the Chiefe professor in Diuinitie.

1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 89 Geneua..the professor in diuinity..the professor in law..the professor of philosophy..the professor in Ebrew.

1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) Democritus to Rdr. 13 Our Regius Professor of Physicke.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 75 Dr. Richard Smith Kings professour of Divinity in Oxford.

1701 tr. N. Andry Acct. Breeding Worms in Human Bodies 263 George Baglivius, Professor of Anatomy at Rome, says, he has observ'd it [sc. a flame] in dissecting a Greyhound.

1773 S. Johnson Lett. 25 Aug. (1992) II. 56 The Professors, who happened to be resident in the vacation..treated us very kindly.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 18 The magistrates of Basle established a professor's chair for their Countryman [sc. Paracelsus].

1831 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. June 389 It was to the salaried graduates that the title of Professors, in academical language, was at last peculiarly attributed.

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. Pref. Only half of the following Lectures were delivered by me, as the Professor of Architecture, at the Royal Academy.

1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages I. 21 The three titles, Master, Doctor, Professor, were in the Middle Ages absolutely synonymous.

1930 A. Flexner Universities 88 Certain professors in medicine..have a few beds at one hospital or another.

1964 J. Bernstein Analyt. Engine iii. 50 In 1937, Howard Aiken, who is a professor of information technology at the University of Miami,..began work at Harvard on his Ph.D. thesis in physics.

1985 R. Goldstein in J. Antler Amer. & I (1990) 286 I became a positivist. I took Introduction to Philosophy with a self-intoxicated young professor, a new Ph.D. from Harvard, and, although this would not be his own description, a new-positivist.

2004 Daily Tel. 27 Jan. 6/3 The 55-year-old professor of medical law at Edinburgh University is the author of five books about..a Botswanan female private detective.

b. As a title prefixed to a name, or as a form of address. Cf. prof n.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor > as title

professor1706

prof1838

1706 R. Bentley Let. in Corr. (1842) I. 231 Pray tell Professor Cotes, that the book..is presented by Sir Isaac Newton.

1726 S. Sewall Let. 3 Feb. in Let.-bk. (1888) II. 200 You may..communicat this to Mr. Professour.

1790 W. Cowper Let. 5 Oct. (1982) III. 422 I..do not find among them the name of Mr. Professor Martyn.

1825 Minutes King's Coll. Aberdeen 3 May Professors Paul, Tulloch, and Scott.

1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table vii. 172 Stand in the light of the window, Professor, said I.

1883 W. R. Morfill Slavonic Lit. v. 115 Professor Jagić, of St. Petersburg, one of the most eminent of modern Slavists.

1959 J. C. Catford in R. Quirk & A. H. Smith Teaching of Eng. vi. 168 Professor Quirk..is talking about the approach to the scientific study of language which is known as ‘structural linguistics’.

1989 ‘A. Cross’ Trap for Fools (1990) iii. 38 ‘Any time, Professor,’ Cecelia said, sashaying to the door and flinging it open.

2002 Independent 30 Oct. 17/2 The tolerance of Dr Paisley for ‘Rome rule,’ or of Professor Dawkins for religious faith.

c. In extended use. A professor-like person.

ΚΠ

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits vii. 125 They hate the French, as frivolous;..they hate the Germans, as professors.

1865 Maurice in Reader 8 Apr. 392/3 The sophists, whom Mr. Grote perhaps more rightly calls the professors of Greece, who might bear the name of Critics more properly than either.

1994 Times (Nexis) 12 Nov. No arm-waving or grandstanding and not a mad professor in sight.

d. Chiefly U.S. regional (southern). A schoolteacher, a tutor. Also used as a title.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun]

schoolmasterc1225

pedagoguea1387

pedanty1573

pedanta1586

dominiea1625

Khoja1625

schoolteachera1691

knight of the grammar1692

boy farmer1869

schoolkeeper1871

faki1872

professor1880

beak1888

schoolie1889

grade teacher1906

master teacher1931

chalk-and-talker1937

sir1955

teach1958

1880 Amer. Missionary Mar. 85/2 My father sent me to the high school professor.

1903 Dial. Notes 2 326 Professor, a male teacher. This abuse of the word ‘professor’ seems to have grown up in the country districts recently. It is now applied indiscriminately to any schoolmaster.

1904 Dial. Notes 2 420 Professor, male teacher of any rank in a school or college of any grade. ‘Prof. Smith has been promoted from assistant to instructor.’

1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet i. iii. 65 He's going to be the new school professor next year... Or so they claim.

1972 Buenos Aires Herald 4 Feb. 13/5 (advt.) Spanish. Perfect accent, very clear pronunciation with experienced professor.

2006 Washington Post (Nexis) 7 Apr. h2 One of my high school professors said to look at my report cards and do whatever I constantly got A's in.

†a. A person who makes a profession of any subject or field; a person who follows a particular activity, occupation, or vocation as his or her profession. Also in later use: a professional sportsperson, as distinguished from an amateur. Cf. professional n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > follower of occupation as profession

professor1563

professionalist1794

professionist1804

society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > professional

player1793

professional1811

professor1819

pro1856

prof1951

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. i. f. 10^v It woulde come to estimation, and be a worshipfull lyuynge to the professer.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 16^v A greater shame is it for a professor of husbandry, to be vnskilful in the ground whereon his whole trade lyeth.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 327 Asbolius, a professor of wrestling.

1612 J. Dowland Pilgrimes Solace To Rdr. sig. A4^v The second are young-men, professors of the Lute, who vaunt themselues, to the disparagement of such as haue beene before their time.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 57 The Lawyers..should more carefully have preserv'd their Profession, and its Professours, from being profaned by those Services.

1761 H. Mann in H. Walpole Corr. 7 Feb. (1960) XXI. 482 Books upon music might have been heard of at least among our professors, or rather performers, here, but few of them can read anything but crotchets.

1816 Sussex Weekly Advertiser 22 July Mr. Lambert, professor of Cricket, has published the whole art of playing.

1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress 13 (note) Mr. Jackson..forms that useful link between the amateurs and the professors of pugilism.

1894 Westm. Gaz. 3 Nov. 7/2 I think that professionalism in Rugby football in the North of England is inevitable, and that it will bring with it a rupture between the North and South is no less certain... In this case..there will be no international cups for the professors and no North v. South match.

b. As a grandiose title or mock title: assumed by or applied to professional teachers and exponents of various popular arts and activities, as dancing, performing, etc. Now usually archaic or historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor > as title > as mock or grandiose title

professor1774

1774 Pennsylvania Gaz. 9 Feb. 1/2 (Advt.) A valuable Collection of New and Old Books, will begin to be exhibited by Auction, by Robert Bell, Bookseller, and Professor of Book Auctioniering, at the Universal Library.

1820 Ld. Byron Let. 11 Apr. (1977) VII. 74 Pray forward the enclosed letter to a fiddler.—In Italy they are called ‘Professors of the Violin’—you should establish one at each of the universities.

1848 W. C. Macready Diary 9 Dec. (1912) II. 415 At James's Hotel, where I dined, the landlord introduced me to Professor (!) Risley—the balancer and posture-master; of course I shook hands with him, etc.!

1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. v. 255 The word Professor—now so desecrated in its use that we are most familiar with it in connection with dancing-schools, jugglers' booths, and veterinary surgeries.

1896 C. H. Shinn Story of Mine 56 They were never out of sight of pilgrims—Irishmen with wheelbarrows,..‘professors’ with divining rods and electric ‘silver detectors’.

1927 Amer. Speech 3 27 Most of those who insist on being given the title ‘professor’ are quacks or fakers of some kind... The title ‘Professor’ is now applied more often jocularly than seriously.

1985 Daily Tel. 12 Oct. 14/4 Here I can help since my family bought a Punch and Judy show from a retired ‘Professor’ (all the best operators assumed this title) who came and set up his booth in our sitting room and initiated us in the performance.

2006 Post Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Nexis) 1929 June b1 Flea circuses were the hit of vaudeville in the early 1900s... Now ‘Professor E.J. Priceteeni’ is one of a handful of performers who carry on the tradition.

c. U.S. colloquial. A piano player in a saloon, brothel, dance hall, etc. Also: an orchestra leader. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > keyboard player > [noun] > piano-player > in saloon etc.

professor1860

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > conductor or leader > [noun] > leader of orchestra

concertmaster1773

leader1786

sub-conductor1836

orchestra leader1843

professor1914

lead1934

1830 Morning Courier & N.-Y. Enquirer 14 Dec. 2/7 Musical Party. Sixth Avenue Tavern... A Professor will preside at the Piano Forte.]

1860 ‘N. Buntline’ Elfrida lxxiv. 101/1 At one end of the room, elevated upon a low platform, was the ‘music’—consisting of the ill-tuned, or rather untuned piano aforementioned, and the ‘professor’, a very seedy-looking gentleman.

1895 N.Y. Times 21 Jan. 7/5 The perfesser only went out for a drink. He feels better now, and asks permission to play the pianner for an hour.

1914 Chicago Tribune 19 July viii. 8/1 I will now address myself to the professor orchestra leader. I want, sir, a waltz, well done.

1940 Washington Post 31 Mar. vi. 2/1 No matter how pretentious the establishment he ornaments nor how much the management would prefer to have him referred to as ‘the artist’ or ‘the entertainment’, he is still invariably known to patrons as ‘the perfessor’.

1958 J. C. Holmes Horn 26 The whorehouse professors in celluloid collars.

2000 H. L. Gates & C. West Afr.-Amer. Cent. 21 A young woman would appear from one of the houses and announce that they had a customer and needed a ‘perfesser’.

Derivatives

proˈfessordom n. chiefly humorous or depreciative the realm of professors; professors collectively; (also) the quality or condition of being a professor.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor > body of

professoriate1852

professordom1870

professorate1872

professoriat1933

1870 Contemp. Rev. 16 21 Its long combat with German Professordom.

1892 Catholic News 23 Jan. 3/3 The tyranny of professordom and tyranny of the state.

1929 S. Leslie Anglo-Catholic xii. 161 The appalling social chaos was then a subject for prosy professordom or the enthusiasm of mild reformers.

1997 R. Fortey Life vi. 185 Dick is the very embodiment of professordom, with an extensive knowledge of almost everything.

proˈfessor-like adj.

ΚΠ

1806 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 4 253 The letter..displays more understanding..than all the professor-like verbiage of Sir James Steuart.

1916 J. W. Riley Compl. Wks. IV. 984 Grave as a judge in courtliness—Professor-like and bland.

2003 Lexington (Kentucky) Herald Leader (Nexis) 16 Dec. 1 The director..comes off in conversation as neither pompous nor professorlike.

proˈfessorling n. humorous a petty or insignificant professor.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1903 H. G. Wells in T.P.'s Weekly 13 Nov. 761/2 A provincial professorling in the very act of budding.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	professor
释义	professorn. Brit. /prəˈfɛsə/, U.S. /prəˈfɛsər/, /proʊˈfɛsər/ Forms: Middle English professoure, Middle English–1700s professour, Middle English– professor, 1500s– professer (now nonstandard), 1600s prophessor; also Scottish pre-1700 professore, pre-1700 professouer, pre-1700 professour, pre-1700 professoure, pre-1700 proffessour; U.S. nonstandard 1800s– perfesser, 1800s– perfessor. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French proffessur, professeur; Latin professor. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman proffessur and Middle French professeur (French professeur ) person who professes (c1275 in Anglo-Norman), academic teacher of an art or science, or of the law (1337 in proffesseur en loys ), person who openly professes the Christian faith (15th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin professor person who declares, person who claims to be expert in some art or science, teacher, in post-classical Latin also person who professes a faith (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), person who takes religious vows (13th cent. in British sources), university academic (frequently 1304–1583 in British sources) < profess- , past participial stem of profitērī profess v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Old Occitan professor (Occitan professor), Catalan professor (early 15th cent.), Spanish profesor (1359 as professor), Portuguese professor (15th cent.), Italian professore (1389).With the forms in -er compare -er suffix¹. I. Senses relating to the declaration of faith, principles, etc. †1. A person who proclaims or publicly declares something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] > announcer or proclaimer teller1340 professora1387 trumpet1447 blazerc1450 denouncer1490 trump1531 ebuccinator1542 declarer1548 proclaimer1548 announcer?1549 trumpet1549 trumpeter1581 blazoner1603 speaker1623 proclamator1650 annunciator1696 proclaimant1837 tooter1863 spruiker1893 spieler1894 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 7 (MED) Storie is wytnesse of tyme..weldeþ passyng doynges; storie putteþ forþ hire professoures [L. professores]. 2. a. A person who makes open declaration of his or her feelings or beliefs, or of allegiance to some principle; one who professes (sometimes opposed, implicitly or explicitly, to one who practices). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > [noun] > a believer professorc1400 believer?a1425 creditor1609 creditrix1611 setter-forth1611 c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 289 (MED) Professouris of goddis lawe schulde stonde by here bileue. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 90 Professorys of chrystys name & doctryne. 1554 J. Knox (title) A faythfull admonition..vnto the professours of Gods truthe in England. 1580 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 277 Mantineris and professouris of papistrie. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1610 Those Turkes which are professors of Humilitie and Devotion. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §98. 468/1 In the treaty of Passaw was granted Liberty of Conscience to the Professors of the Augustane Confession. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xix. 361 Thus Men become Professors of, and Combatants for those Opinions, they were never convinced of. 1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 5. ⁋8 If the Professors of Non-resistance and Passive Obedience would stand to their Principle. 1786 R. P. Knight Acct. Worship of Priapus 112 The Ammonian Platonics, the last professors of the ancient religion. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. ii. 27 The first Oldenbuck..had left his country in consequence of the persecutions directed against the professors of the reformed religion. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. v. 294 The professors of one creed would stigmatize the professors of other creeds as idolatrous. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 428/2 She also wrote, in defence of her faith and its professors, The Spirit of Judaism. 1995 Daily Tel. 1 Dec. 28/4 The Act of Settlement of 1701..laid down that no person who was or who became a professor ‘of the popish religion’ or who became married to such a professor could inherit or retain the Throne. b. spec. A person who makes open profession of religion, esp. a professing Christian. Now rare (in later use chiefly Scottish and U.S.). ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun] > person(s) having ileaffulOE leaffulc1225 trowing1303 priestc1350 levera1400 trowera1400 believer?a1425 acknowledger1560 professor1597 credent1626 affiera1641 faithfullist1653 bhakta1828 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xx. 93 Both two hauing beene professors in times past. 1634 S. Rutherford Let. in Joshua Redivivus (1671) 470 Ye know many honourable friends and worthy professors will see your Ladyship, and that the Son of God is with you. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 169 Then the Name of a Professor was odious, now specially in some parts of our Town..Religion is counted Honourable. View more context for this quotation 1714 S. Sewall Let. 17 Aug. in Let.-bk. (1888) II. 32 Give Warning to Professors, that they beware of Worldlymindedness, and Hypocrisie. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vii. 117 An excellent blacksmith; ‘but as he was a professor, he would drive a nail for no man on the Sabbath’. View more context for this quotation 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvi. 258 Not a professor, as your town-folks have it; and what is worse, I'm afraid, not a practiser, either. 1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 137 He had never rebuked me as a strict professor would have done. 1903 K. D. Wiggin Rebecca Sunnybrook Farm 213 Mrs. Burch..was about to open her lips to ask if Rebecca was not a ‘professor’. 1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood viii The fosy professor that wags his pow and deplores the wickedness o' the land. †3. A professed member of a religious order; a person who has made his or her profession (profession n. 1a). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > [noun] cloisterer1340 religious1340 closterera1400 ruler1399 regular1443 professorc1500 votary1543 conventual1611 religionary1622 conventer1671 conversant1671 conventualist1762 religioner1808 c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 914 Chanons & nonnes, feythfull professoures. 1761 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 172/2 In France in the year 1710, there were..612 jesuits colleges..and 24 professors houses of that society. II. Senses relating to academic or other professional function or status. 4. a. A university academic of the highest rank; spec. (in Britain and some other English-speaking countries) the holder of a university chair in a specified faculty or subject. Also, in North American usage: any teacher at a university. Also applied to people of similar status in institutions other than universities.In the medieval European Universities, at first simply a synonym of Magister or Doctor (degrees being originally qualifications to teach), but in this use not common as an English word. The right originally possessed by any Master or Doctor to teach publicly in the schools of a Faculty was gradually restricted to an inner circle of teachers, and the term professor came eventually to be confined to the holders of salaried or endowed teaching offices, or to the highest class of these, such titles as reader, lecturer, instructor, tutor, etc., being given to teachers of lower rank. In the old English Universities the original usage survives in the letters S.T.P. (Sacrae Theologiae Professor) for D.D.; the application of the title to holders of endowed chairs was largely due to the creation of five Regius or King's Professors by Henry VIII (a number increased in later years) (see Regius adj.). The endowed teachers of some other subjects were at first called praelectors, but this title was gradually superseded by professor. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor professorc1400 Doctor of the Chair1528 professoress1744 associate professor1812 adjoint professor1828 full professor1852 c1400 J. Wyclif On the Seven Deadly Sins (Bodl. 647) in Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 123 (MED) Men þat schulden be professoures of science of God synnen many weies..Somme..professoures of divinyte..whan þei schulden preche Gods lawe to þo puple, þei tellen lesynges. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 188 Pope Urbane degraded þese cardinales..þe cardinal of Venice, cardinal of Jene, whech were..Professoures of Diuinité. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance ii. f. 2^v By his commandment, the professours of those sciences purposed openly questions. 1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered vii. 21 [They] amounted him to bee the Chiefe professor in Diuinitie. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 89 Geneua..the professor in diuinity..the professor in law..the professor of philosophy..the professor in Ebrew. 1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) Democritus to Rdr. 13 Our Regius Professor of Physicke. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 75 Dr. Richard Smith Kings professour of Divinity in Oxford. 1701 tr. N. Andry Acct. Breeding Worms in Human Bodies 263 George Baglivius, Professor of Anatomy at Rome, says, he has observ'd it [sc. a flame] in dissecting a Greyhound. 1773 S. Johnson Lett. 25 Aug. (1992) II. 56 The Professors, who happened to be resident in the vacation..treated us very kindly. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 18 The magistrates of Basle established a professor's chair for their Countryman [sc. Paracelsus]. 1831 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. June 389 It was to the salaried graduates that the title of Professors, in academical language, was at last peculiarly attributed. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. Pref. Only half of the following Lectures were delivered by me, as the Professor of Architecture, at the Royal Academy. 1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages I. 21 The three titles, Master, Doctor, Professor, were in the Middle Ages absolutely synonymous. 1930 A. Flexner Universities 88 Certain professors in medicine..have a few beds at one hospital or another. 1964 J. Bernstein Analyt. Engine iii. 50 In 1937, Howard Aiken, who is a professor of information technology at the University of Miami,..began work at Harvard on his Ph.D. thesis in physics. 1985 R. Goldstein in J. Antler Amer. & I (1990) 286 I became a positivist. I took Introduction to Philosophy with a self-intoxicated young professor, a new Ph.D. from Harvard, and, although this would not be his own description, a new-positivist. 2004 Daily Tel. 27 Jan. 6/3 The 55-year-old professor of medical law at Edinburgh University is the author of five books about..a Botswanan female private detective. b. As a title prefixed to a name, or as a form of address. Cf. prof n.¹ ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor > as title professor1706 prof1838 1706 R. Bentley Let. in Corr. (1842) I. 231 Pray tell Professor Cotes, that the book..is presented by Sir Isaac Newton. 1726 S. Sewall Let. 3 Feb. in Let.-bk. (1888) II. 200 You may..communicat this to Mr. Professour. 1790 W. Cowper Let. 5 Oct. (1982) III. 422 I..do not find among them the name of Mr. Professor Martyn. 1825 Minutes King's Coll. Aberdeen 3 May Professors Paul, Tulloch, and Scott. 1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table vii. 172 Stand in the light of the window, Professor, said I. 1883 W. R. Morfill Slavonic Lit. v. 115 Professor Jagić, of St. Petersburg, one of the most eminent of modern Slavists. 1959 J. C. Catford in R. Quirk & A. H. Smith Teaching of Eng. vi. 168 Professor Quirk..is talking about the approach to the scientific study of language which is known as ‘structural linguistics’. 1989 ‘A. Cross’ Trap for Fools (1990) iii. 38 ‘Any time, Professor,’ Cecelia said, sashaying to the door and flinging it open. 2002 Independent 30 Oct. 17/2 The tolerance of Dr Paisley for ‘Rome rule,’ or of Professor Dawkins for religious faith. c. In extended use. A professor-like person. ΚΠ 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits vii. 125 They hate the French, as frivolous;..they hate the Germans, as professors. 1865 Maurice in Reader 8 Apr. 392/3 The sophists, whom Mr. Grote perhaps more rightly calls the professors of Greece, who might bear the name of Critics more properly than either. 1994 Times (Nexis) 12 Nov. No arm-waving or grandstanding and not a mad professor in sight. d. Chiefly U.S. regional (southern). A schoolteacher, a tutor. Also used as a title. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] schoolmasterc1225 pedagoguea1387 pedanty1573 pedanta1586 dominiea1625 Khoja1625 schoolteachera1691 knight of the grammar1692 boy farmer1869 schoolkeeper1871 faki1872 professor1880 beak1888 schoolie1889 grade teacher1906 master teacher1931 chalk-and-talker1937 sir1955 teach1958 1880 Amer. Missionary Mar. 85/2 My father sent me to the high school professor. 1903 Dial. Notes 2 326 Professor, a male teacher. This abuse of the word ‘professor’ seems to have grown up in the country districts recently. It is now applied indiscriminately to any schoolmaster. 1904 Dial. Notes 2 420 Professor, male teacher of any rank in a school or college of any grade. ‘Prof. Smith has been promoted from assistant to instructor.’ 1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet i. iii. 65 He's going to be the new school professor next year... Or so they claim. 1972 Buenos Aires Herald 4 Feb. 13/5 (advt.) Spanish. Perfect accent, very clear pronunciation with experienced professor. 2006 Washington Post (Nexis) 7 Apr. h2 One of my high school professors said to look at my report cards and do whatever I constantly got A's in. 5. †a. A person who makes a profession of any subject or field; a person who follows a particular activity, occupation, or vocation as his or her profession. Also in later use: a professional sportsperson, as distinguished from an amateur. Cf. professional n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > follower of occupation as profession professor1563 professionalist1794 professionist1804 society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > professional player1793 professional1811 professor1819 pro1856 prof1951 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. i. f. 10^v It woulde come to estimation, and be a worshipfull lyuynge to the professer. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 16^v A greater shame is it for a professor of husbandry, to be vnskilful in the ground whereon his whole trade lyeth. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 327 Asbolius, a professor of wrestling. 1612 J. Dowland Pilgrimes Solace To Rdr. sig. A4^v The second are young-men, professors of the Lute, who vaunt themselues, to the disparagement of such as haue beene before their time. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 57 The Lawyers..should more carefully have preserv'd their Profession, and its Professours, from being profaned by those Services. 1761 H. Mann in H. Walpole Corr. 7 Feb. (1960) XXI. 482 Books upon music might have been heard of at least among our professors, or rather performers, here, but few of them can read anything but crotchets. 1816 Sussex Weekly Advertiser 22 July Mr. Lambert, professor of Cricket, has published the whole art of playing. 1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress 13 (note) Mr. Jackson..forms that useful link between the amateurs and the professors of pugilism. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 3 Nov. 7/2 I think that professionalism in Rugby football in the North of England is inevitable, and that it will bring with it a rupture between the North and South is no less certain... In this case..there will be no international cups for the professors and no North v. South match. b. As a grandiose title or mock title: assumed by or applied to professional teachers and exponents of various popular arts and activities, as dancing, performing, etc. Now usually archaic or historical. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor > as title > as mock or grandiose title professor1774 1774 Pennsylvania Gaz. 9 Feb. 1/2 (Advt.) A valuable Collection of New and Old Books, will begin to be exhibited by Auction, by Robert Bell, Bookseller, and Professor of Book Auctioniering, at the Universal Library. 1820 Ld. Byron Let. 11 Apr. (1977) VII. 74 Pray forward the enclosed letter to a fiddler.—In Italy they are called ‘Professors of the Violin’—you should establish one at each of the universities. 1848 W. C. Macready Diary 9 Dec. (1912) II. 415 At James's Hotel, where I dined, the landlord introduced me to Professor (!) Risley—the balancer and posture-master; of course I shook hands with him, etc.! 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. v. 255 The word Professor—now so desecrated in its use that we are most familiar with it in connection with dancing-schools, jugglers' booths, and veterinary surgeries. 1896 C. H. Shinn Story of Mine 56 They were never out of sight of pilgrims—Irishmen with wheelbarrows,..‘professors’ with divining rods and electric ‘silver detectors’. 1927 Amer. Speech 3 27 Most of those who insist on being given the title ‘professor’ are quacks or fakers of some kind... The title ‘Professor’ is now applied more often jocularly than seriously. 1985 Daily Tel. 12 Oct. 14/4 Here I can help since my family bought a Punch and Judy show from a retired ‘Professor’ (all the best operators assumed this title) who came and set up his booth in our sitting room and initiated us in the performance. 2006 Post Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Nexis) 1929 June b1 Flea circuses were the hit of vaudeville in the early 1900s... Now ‘Professor E.J. Priceteeni’ is one of a handful of performers who carry on the tradition. c. U.S. colloquial. A piano player in a saloon, brothel, dance hall, etc. Also: an orchestra leader. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > keyboard player > [noun] > piano-player > in saloon etc. professor1860 society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > conductor or leader > [noun] > leader of orchestra concertmaster1773 leader1786 sub-conductor1836 orchestra leader1843 professor1914 lead1934 1830 Morning Courier & N.-Y. Enquirer 14 Dec. 2/7 Musical Party. Sixth Avenue Tavern... A Professor will preside at the Piano Forte.] 1860 ‘N. Buntline’ Elfrida lxxiv. 101/1 At one end of the room, elevated upon a low platform, was the ‘music’—consisting of the ill-tuned, or rather untuned piano aforementioned, and the ‘professor’, a very seedy-looking gentleman. 1895 N.Y. Times 21 Jan. 7/5 The perfesser only went out for a drink. He feels better now, and asks permission to play the pianner for an hour. 1914 Chicago Tribune 19 July viii. 8/1 I will now address myself to the professor orchestra leader. I want, sir, a waltz, well done. 1940 Washington Post 31 Mar. vi. 2/1 No matter how pretentious the establishment he ornaments nor how much the management would prefer to have him referred to as ‘the artist’ or ‘the entertainment’, he is still invariably known to patrons as ‘the perfessor’. 1958 J. C. Holmes Horn 26 The whorehouse professors in celluloid collars. 2000 H. L. Gates & C. West Afr.-Amer. Cent. 21 A young woman would appear from one of the houses and announce that they had a customer and needed a ‘perfesser’. Derivatives proˈfessordom n. chiefly humorous or depreciative the realm of professors; professors collectively; (also) the quality or condition of being a professor. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor > body of professoriate1852 professordom1870 professorate1872 professoriat1933 1870 Contemp. Rev. 16 21 Its long combat with German Professordom. 1892 Catholic News 23 Jan. 3/3 The tyranny of professordom and tyranny of the state. 1929 S. Leslie Anglo-Catholic xii. 161 The appalling social chaos was then a subject for prosy professordom or the enthusiasm of mild reformers. 1997 R. Fortey Life vi. 185 Dick is the very embodiment of professordom, with an extensive knowledge of almost everything. proˈfessor-like adj. ΚΠ 1806 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 4 253 The letter..displays more understanding..than all the professor-like verbiage of Sir James Steuart. 1916 J. W. Riley Compl. Wks. IV. 984 Grave as a judge in courtliness—Professor-like and bland. 2003 Lexington (Kentucky) Herald Leader (Nexis) 16 Dec. 1 The director..comes off in conversation as neither pompous nor professorlike. proˈfessorling n. humorous a petty or insignificant professor.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1903 H. G. Wells in T.P.'s Weekly 13 Nov. 761/2 A provincial professorling in the very act of budding. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). professorv. Brit. /prəˈfɛsə/, U.S. /prəˈfɛsər/, /proʊˈfɛsər/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: professor n. Etymology: < professor n. transitive. To address (a person) as ‘professor’. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > address with courteous title [verb (transitive)] > address as professor professor1835 1835 R. Southey Doctor III. lxxx. 60 They drop their surnames for a dignity, and change them for an estate or a title. They are pleased to be Doctor'd and Professor'd; to be Captain'd, Major'd, Colonel'd, General'd, or Admiral'd. 1893 W. James Let. 8 July (1920) I. 345 Both you and Angell, being now colleagues and not students, had better stop Mistering or Professoring me. 1901 W. James Let. 16 June (1920) II. 148 I professor-ed you because I had read your name printed with that title in a newspaper letter. 1908 W. James Let. 28 July (1920) II. 308 Dear Bergson,—(can't we cease ‘Professor’-ing each other?) This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1387v.1835
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professorn.

Derivatives

professorv.