professedadj.n.

Brit.

/prəˈfɛst/, U.S.

/prəˈfɛst/,

/proʊˈfɛst/

Forms: see profess v. and -ed suffix¹; also Middle English y-professed (past participle, in a late copy), late Middle English profeste, late Middle English–1700s profest, 1600s prefest, 1600s–1700s profess'd; Scottish pre-1700 proffest, pre-1700 prost (transmission error), 1700s profesed.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: profess v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < profess v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare earlier profess adj. and compare also unprofessed adj.

A. adj.

a. That has taken the vows of a religious order.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > monastic profession > [adjective] > that has made profession

profess1340

professedc1440

professionala1450

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 4014 (MED) Thare come þe prior of the plas and professide monnkes, Apas in processione.

c1475 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 146 (MED) Thy fyrst desyre and thyne entent Was to bene a nune professede.

1554 T. Martin (title) A traictise..plainly prouyng, that the pretensed marriage of priests and professed persones, is no mariage, but altogether vnlawful.

1629 L. Owen Speculum Iesuiticum (new ed.) 58 These professed Iesuites are imployed in hearing Confessions, saying of Masses, Preaching, and Writing.

1640 R. Brathwait Ar't Asleepe Husband? 249 Though no profest votaresse, yet would it well beseeme her to make her Chamber her Cloister.

1702 W. Fuller Twenty Six Depositions Persons of Quality 19 If Mrs. Grey were not the Mother of the pretended Prince of Wales, why was all this Stir after a poor Woman, that was not a professed Nun.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xv. 257 One who entered into religion and became a monk professed was incapable of inheriting lands.

1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. v. 265 A natural daughter of Eadgar and already a professed nun.

1890 Catholic News 3 May 7/3 We have now three ‘jubilarians’ who have completed 50 years and over as professed nuns.

1919 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Consequences ii. xix. 224 She was twenty-six before she was allowed to become a professed religious—according to conventual standards, no longer a very young woman.

1998 M. P. Magray Transforming Power of Nuns iv. 69 In 1886, McPhillips, now a professed nun, appeared more troubled than ever at her inability to reconcile the demands of convent life with her own desire.

b. Of, belonging to, or relating to people who have taken such vows; chiefly in professed house.

ΚΠ

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Gii All though she were nat in the professed habit of religion.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 99 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors We dined at the Profess'd House of the Jesuits.

1706 tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. II. iv. xi. 455 They [sc. the Jesuits] have Profess'd Houses for their Profess'd Members, and their Coadjutors.

1853 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Oct. 420 One day, towards nightfall, as he was going down the steps of the professed house, [etc.].

1916 T. O'Gorman Hist. Rom. Catholic Church in U.S. 220 It is the ‘Relatio Itineris’ of Father White (discovered, 1822, in the archives of the professed house of the Jesuits in Rome by an American Jesuit).

1999 W. W. Meissner Greater Glory xxxv. 578 During a visit to the professed house in Rome, one Fray Reginaldo, a prominent Dominican, told a story about a nun in Bologna who was in constant ecstasy and bore the stigmata.

2. Self-acknowledged; openly declared or avowed by oneself; confessed. Sometimes with connotations of falsehood or insincerity, and hence: alleged, ostensible, pretended.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > [adjective] > self-acknowledged

professed1531

avowed1651

professional1667

self-confesseda1804

the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > [adjective] > able to be > by oneself

professed1531

1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1938) I. vi. xiv. 255 The Pichtis passis to bataill aganis thair frendis with thair profest inimijs [L. cum suis ex professo hostibus].

a1569 A. Kingsmill Conf. containing Conflict with Satan 15 in Most Excellent & Comfortable Treat. (new ed.) (1578) A professed Satan to all the children of God.

1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 81/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I [Wolsey] It hathe pleased some of youre pewfellowes to report, that I am a professed enimie to all nobilitie, & namelie to the Giraldines.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. iii. 50 My frend profest .

1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 42 What I haue giuen thee, I would haue bestowed on my professedst enemy.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III 19 These Pythagorising Gnostics..were..professed enemies to Pietie.

1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent i. i. 9 He bears the noble Altamont Profest and deadly Hate.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 33. ⁋1 The Profess'd Beauties, who are a People almost as unsufferable as the Profess'd Wits.

1791 T. Paine Common Sense (new ed.) 90 Dabbling in matters, which the professed Quietude of your Principles instruct you not to meddle with.

1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. xlvii. 103 A professed, and I think, sincere Christian.

1881 Harper's Mag. Feb. 437/1 Her father though not a professed member was..a great respecter of religion.

1911 Act 1 & 2 George V c. 37 §5 Any sale made in professed exercise of the power conferred on mortgages by the Act of 1881.

1979 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 26 Jan. 7/4 Whether box stores take a large share of the consumer food dollar away from the conventional supermarkets will depend on their integrity in sticking to their professed goals of basic no-frills shopping.

1995 Z. Mda Ways of Dying (1997) v. 105 There was a glint of satisfaction in the holy man's eyes, in spite of his professed sorrow at the death of such an important member of the community.

3. That professes to be duly qualified; professional (as opposed to amateur). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > [adjective] > relating to skilled occupation > that professes to be duly qualified

professed1586

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > that professes to be qualified

professed1586

1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie To Innes of Court, sig. Av^v The professed Armorists.

1611 J. Chamberlain Let. 27 Nov. (1939) I. 319 The Savoy ambassador..wold fain have followed the King in this hunting journy, and made himself a professed hunter.

1663 J. Beale Let. 29 Sept. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 141 I see greate Cause to Wish, That in all Universityes There were professed, & able Teachers of the Arte of Memory.

1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 111 Though he were not a Profest Divine.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 473. ⁋2 You profess'd Authors are a little severe upon us, who write like Gentlemen.

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery i. 3 I don't pretend to teach profess'd Cooks, but my Design is to instruct the Ignorant and Unlearned.

1819 Norfolk Chron. 11 Sept. 2/2 The Bungay players..had smuggled into their side, two more professed Mary-le-bone players.

1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. i. §20 20 The professed Anatomist would be unable..to determine what is the precise state of each of the muscles concerned.

1998 T. May Victorian Domest. Servant (1999) 25 Cooks in lesser households were either ‘professed’ cooks or ‘plain’ cooks, depending on the training they had received and the experience they could offer.

†4. Followed as a profession or vocation. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > [adjective] > followed as a profession or vocation

professed1603

1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 240 In those dayes..euery man liued by his professed trade, not any one interrupting an other.

1800 Cambrian Direct. 185 This idle crew subsist on the trifles they obtain from strangers; and as beggary is their professed trade, if their wants are not satisfied, they generally add insolence, with an oath, to their demands.

B. n.

†(a) A person who has taken religious vows; a professed monk, nun, etc. Obsolete. (b) With the and plural agreement: professed people as a class.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > vow > [noun] > one who is bound by

professedc1450

votarist1609

professant1615

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 289 A profeste of þe ordur of Premonstracence.

1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 14 She hathe suppressed all the religious houses..dispersed the professed of the same.

a1798 T. Pennant Tour on Continent (1948) 175 This order is an English nunnery. It is very severe: the profesed wear flannel shifts,..cloth gowns, a cord round their waists.

1871 Rules Congregat. (Congregat. Holy Cross) p. xxx In virtue of their vow, the professed are obliged..to make use of their property only in the absolute dependence of their Superiors.

1956 G. E. Ganss St. Ignatius' Idea Jesuit Univ. 297 (note) The professed are the fully formed priests who have the three solemn vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

2001 Renaissance Q. 54 1367 Subsequent articles..call for proper divisions of labor among the professed, specify acceptable wardrobes for the nuns and lay sisters, [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	professed
释义	professedadj.n. Brit. /prəˈfɛst/, U.S. /prəˈfɛst/, /proʊˈfɛst/ Forms: see profess v. and -ed suffix¹; also Middle English y-professed (past participle, in a late copy), late Middle English profeste, late Middle English–1700s profest, 1600s prefest, 1600s–1700s profess'd; Scottish pre-1700 proffest, pre-1700 prost (transmission error), 1700s profesed. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: profess v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < profess v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare earlier profess adj. and compare also unprofessed adj. A. adj. 1. a. That has taken the vows of a religious order. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > monastic profession > [adjective] > that has made profession profess1340 professedc1440 professionala1450 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 4014 (MED) Thare come þe prior of the plas and professide monnkes, Apas in processione. c1475 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 146 (MED) Thy fyrst desyre and thyne entent Was to bene a nune professede. 1554 T. Martin (title) A traictise..plainly prouyng, that the pretensed marriage of priests and professed persones, is no mariage, but altogether vnlawful. 1629 L. Owen Speculum Iesuiticum (new ed.) 58 These professed Iesuites are imployed in hearing Confessions, saying of Masses, Preaching, and Writing. 1640 R. Brathwait Ar't Asleepe Husband? 249 Though no profest votaresse, yet would it well beseeme her to make her Chamber her Cloister. 1702 W. Fuller Twenty Six Depositions Persons of Quality 19 If Mrs. Grey were not the Mother of the pretended Prince of Wales, why was all this Stir after a poor Woman, that was not a professed Nun. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xv. 257 One who entered into religion and became a monk professed was incapable of inheriting lands. 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. v. 265 A natural daughter of Eadgar and already a professed nun. 1890 Catholic News 3 May 7/3 We have now three ‘jubilarians’ who have completed 50 years and over as professed nuns. 1919 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Consequences ii. xix. 224 She was twenty-six before she was allowed to become a professed religious—according to conventual standards, no longer a very young woman. 1998 M. P. Magray Transforming Power of Nuns iv. 69 In 1886, McPhillips, now a professed nun, appeared more troubled than ever at her inability to reconcile the demands of convent life with her own desire. b. Of, belonging to, or relating to people who have taken such vows; chiefly in professed house. ΚΠ 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Gii All though she were nat in the professed habit of religion. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 99 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors We dined at the Profess'd House of the Jesuits. 1706 tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. II. iv. xi. 455 They [sc. the Jesuits] have Profess'd Houses for their Profess'd Members, and their Coadjutors. 1853 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Oct. 420 One day, towards nightfall, as he was going down the steps of the professed house, [etc.]. 1916 T. O'Gorman Hist. Rom. Catholic Church in U.S. 220 It is the ‘Relatio Itineris’ of Father White (discovered, 1822, in the archives of the professed house of the Jesuits in Rome by an American Jesuit). 1999 W. W. Meissner Greater Glory xxxv. 578 During a visit to the professed house in Rome, one Fray Reginaldo, a prominent Dominican, told a story about a nun in Bologna who was in constant ecstasy and bore the stigmata. 2. Self-acknowledged; openly declared or avowed by oneself; confessed. Sometimes with connotations of falsehood or insincerity, and hence: alleged, ostensible, pretended. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > [adjective] > self-acknowledged professed1531 avowed1651 professional1667 self-confesseda1804 the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > [adjective] > able to be > by oneself professed1531 1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1938) I. vi. xiv. 255 The Pichtis passis to bataill aganis thair frendis with thair profest inimijs [L. cum suis ex professo hostibus]. a1569 A. Kingsmill Conf. containing Conflict with Satan 15 in Most Excellent & Comfortable Treat. (new ed.) (1578) A professed Satan to all the children of God. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 81/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I [Wolsey] It hathe pleased some of youre pewfellowes to report, that I am a professed enimie to all nobilitie, & namelie to the Giraldines. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. iii. 50 My frend profest . View more context for this quotation 1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 42 What I haue giuen thee, I would haue bestowed on my professedst enemy. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III 19 These Pythagorising Gnostics..were..professed enemies to Pietie. 1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent i. i. 9 He bears the noble Altamont Profest and deadly Hate. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 33. ⁋1 The Profess'd Beauties, who are a People almost as unsufferable as the Profess'd Wits. 1791 T. Paine Common Sense (new ed.) 90 Dabbling in matters, which the professed Quietude of your Principles instruct you not to meddle with. 1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. xlvii. 103 A professed, and I think, sincere Christian. 1881 Harper's Mag. Feb. 437/1 Her father though not a professed member was..a great respecter of religion. 1911 Act 1 & 2 George V c. 37 §5 Any sale made in professed exercise of the power conferred on mortgages by the Act of 1881. 1979 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 26 Jan. 7/4 Whether box stores take a large share of the consumer food dollar away from the conventional supermarkets will depend on their integrity in sticking to their professed goals of basic no-frills shopping. 1995 Z. Mda Ways of Dying (1997) v. 105 There was a glint of satisfaction in the holy man's eyes, in spite of his professed sorrow at the death of such an important member of the community. 3. That professes to be duly qualified; professional (as opposed to amateur). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > [adjective] > relating to skilled occupation > that professes to be duly qualified professed1586 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > that professes to be qualified professed1586 1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie To Innes of Court, sig. Av^v The professed Armorists. 1611 J. Chamberlain Let. 27 Nov. (1939) I. 319 The Savoy ambassador..wold fain have followed the King in this hunting journy, and made himself a professed hunter. 1663 J. Beale Let. 29 Sept. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 141 I see greate Cause to Wish, That in all Universityes There were professed, & able Teachers of the Arte of Memory. 1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 111 Though he were not a Profest Divine. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 473. ⁋2 You profess'd Authors are a little severe upon us, who write like Gentlemen. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery i. 3 I don't pretend to teach profess'd Cooks, but my Design is to instruct the Ignorant and Unlearned. 1819 Norfolk Chron. 11 Sept. 2/2 The Bungay players..had smuggled into their side, two more professed Mary-le-bone players. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. i. §20 20 The professed Anatomist would be unable..to determine what is the precise state of each of the muscles concerned. 1998 T. May Victorian Domest. Servant (1999) 25 Cooks in lesser households were either ‘professed’ cooks or ‘plain’ cooks, depending on the training they had received and the experience they could offer. †4. Followed as a profession or vocation. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > [adjective] > followed as a profession or vocation professed1603 1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 240 In those dayes..euery man liued by his professed trade, not any one interrupting an other. 1800 Cambrian Direct. 185 This idle crew subsist on the trifles they obtain from strangers; and as beggary is their professed trade, if their wants are not satisfied, they generally add insolence, with an oath, to their demands. B. n. †(a) A person who has taken religious vows; a professed monk, nun, etc. Obsolete. (b) With the and plural agreement: professed people as a class. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > vow > [noun] > one who is bound by professedc1450 votarist1609 professant1615 c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 289 A profeste of þe ordur of Premonstracence. 1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 14 She hathe suppressed all the religious houses..dispersed the professed of the same. a1798 T. Pennant Tour on Continent (1948) 175 This order is an English nunnery. It is very severe: the profesed wear flannel shifts,..cloth gowns, a cord round their waists. 1871 Rules Congregat. (Congregat. Holy Cross) p. xxx In virtue of their vow, the professed are obliged..to make use of their property only in the absolute dependence of their Superiors. 1956 G. E. Ganss St. Ignatius' Idea Jesuit Univ. 297 (note) The professed are the fully formed priests who have the three solemn vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. 2001 Renaissance Q. 54 1367 Subsequent articles..call for proper divisions of labor among the professed, specify acceptable wardrobes for the nuns and lay sisters, [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1440
随便看	θ40124 θ40125 θ40126 θ40127 θ40128 θ40129 θ4013 θ40130 θ40131 θ40132 θ40133 θ40134 θ40135 θ40136 θ40137 θ40138 θ40139 θ4014 θ40140 θ40141 θ40142 θ40143 θ40144 θ40145 θ40146