pronouncev.

Brit.

/prəˈnaʊns/, U.S.

/prəˈnaʊns/

Forms: Middle English prononce, Middle English pronowns, Middle English pronunse, Middle English–1500s pronouns, Middle English–1500s pronounse, Middle English–1500s pronownce, Middle English–1700s pronunce, Middle English– pronounce, 1500s pronownse, 1500s pronownysed (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 prononce, pre-1700 pronownce, pre-1700 pronowns, pre-1700 pronownsse, pre-1700 pronunc (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 pronuns, pre-1700 1700s pronunce, pre-1700 1700s– pronounce.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pronouncer; Latin pronunciare, prōnuntiāre.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pronouncer, pronouncier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French pronuncer, pronuncier, Middle French prononcier, Middle French, French prononcer to proclaim, make known, declare (early 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to utter, articulate (speech sounds, words) (c1225 in Old French), to utter or declare (a sentence, ruling, opinion) with authority (13th cent. in Old French; frequently in legal use), to recite (a text) (second half of the 14th cent.), to utter or articulate (sounds, words, sentences) in a specified manner (second half of the 14th cent. in prononcer bien ), (reflexive) to utter or avow one's opinions or intentions (1795) and its etymon post-classical Latin pronunciare (Vetus Latina), variant of classical Latin prōnuntiāre to proclaim, announce, to affirm, declare, to state as a fact, assert, to pass judgement, to utter, speak, to utter in a given way, to recite, declaim < prō- pro- prefix¹ + nuntiāre to announce (see nunciation n.). Compare Old Occitan pronunciar (second half of the 13th cent.; also prononciar; Occitan prononciar), Catalan pronunciar (1272), Spanish pronunciar (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese pronunciar (13th cent), Italian pronunziare (c1300; also pronunciare).

I. Senses relating to declaration or assertion.

a. intransitive. To make a formal, considered, or authoritative statement or assertion; to declare a ruling, judgement, or opinion (on or upon a matter); to pass judgement. Frequently with for (also in favour of) or against.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or act as judge [verb (intransitive)] > give a judgement

decern1541

pronounce1651

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. iii. 14 And Nabugodonosor, the kyng, pronounsynge [L. pronuntians], saith to hem, ‘Verrely wher ȝe, Sydrac, Mysac, and Abdenago, honouren not my goddis?’

1576 G. Gascoigne Princelye Pleasures Kenelwoorth (1821) 1 Sybilla being placed in an arbor..did step out, and pronounced as foloweth.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxiii. 23 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 93 They wanton grow, and in malicious vaine Talking of wrong, pronounce as from the skies!

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 146 Twelve men of the common People..pronounce simply for the Complaynant, or for the Defendant.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 343 Cicero himself..seems to stand Neuter, and pronounces on no side.

1725 I. Watts Logick iii. iii. §1 Some weaker People..pronounce against the Use of the Bark or Opium upon all Occasions whatsoever.

1771 D. Henry Compl. Eng. Farmer xxix. 163 We need not hesitate a moment in the present improved state of agriculture in this kingdom, to pronounce in favour of the old.

1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Property III. 521 I should give law and equity, and not pronounce upon law and equity.

1830 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. ii. 405 He will not presume to pronounce upon the fate of those who lived either under the darkness or the light.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xviii. 295 When all France pronounced for atheism and anarchy.

1909 Chatterbox 31/1 When an interval came, Perkins and Jackson pronounced strongly in favour of the new master.

1942 R. Coupland Cripps Mission v. 54 His one serious complaint was that it [sc. the draft declaration] did not explicitly pronounce in favour of Pakistan.

1969 A. L. Rowse Diary 20 Apr. (2003) 433 Claud Phillimore had pronounced against it architecturally, so I suppose it will be left to moulder away.

1995 Daily Express 17 Mar. 70/1 Northern's board has said that it would consent to a bid after the regulator has pronounced in June.

2004 M. Perloff in J. Gibson & W. Huemer Literary Wittgenstein ii. 38 The Wittgenstein who refused to theorize about art was quite ready, in his letters, journals, and conversations, to pronounce on a given work with great conviction.

b. transitive. To utter, declare, or deliver (a sentence, judgment, ruling, opinion, etc.) formally; to proclaim or announce authoritatively or officially. Also with clause as object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > judge, determine [verb (transitive)] > declare authoritatively

pronounce?a1400

sentencea1617

opiniate1706

society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] > officially, formally, or by authority, etc.

pronounce?a1400

emit1672

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 315 (MED) Our messengrs for Gascoyn were at Rome..to areson þe pape þe right forto declare..& þorgh his decre þe pes pronunce.

c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 155 (MED) Þe Pope..grantede ful power to iiij bisshopis to pronounce þe enterdityng, if it were nede.

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 87 The iuge whan he herd þis and say hir grete constauns in þe feith pronounsed þe sentens of hir deth in þis forme.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 6 The messagers..had pronounced the Ioustes.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Matrimonie f. xiiii*^v I pronounce that they bee man and wyfe together.

1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Morninge Prayer sig. .ii The absolucion to be pronounced by the minister alone.

1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries ii. 66 b This sentence was pronounced the 4 of June 1568. And subsigned, Duke de Alua.

1623 P. Massinger Duke of Millaine v. ii. 50 Let me pronounce vpon this wretch all torture That witty cruelty can inuent.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 135 Then the first Prince, whose office it is, pronounces with a loud voice, that it is but necessary they should have a Prince to Govern and Rule them.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xi. 195 He could not be so ignorant, as not to know what Judgment the Law pronounced against those who..refused to plead.

1743 J. Morris Serm. vii. 183 When he had pronounced the curse.

1795 S. J. Pratt Gleanings through Wales II. 221 Their High Mightinesses..had sat in Council upon it, and pronounced the sentence of destruction.

1817 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 796 The Speaker said..the House should pronounce, whether the passage in the work..was or was not a breach of privilege.

1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 210 The day and hour on which he pronounced his vows as an Augustine Friar.

1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold ii. ii. 61 And hath King Edward not pronounced his heir?

1898 Daily Herald (Delphos, Ohio) 10 Jan. The evidence was conclusive against Maxson and the Mayor stated that he could do nothing else but pronounce a sentence of guilty.

1903 J. Cartwright Isabella D'Este II. xxiii. 42 At length..he [sc. the Pope] solemnly pronounced the absolution of Venice, while the five envoys, clad in scarlet, knelt at his feet.

1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond i. 14 My uncle, after commending both their souls and pronouncing an absolution, aimed his gun at her and fired.

1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses 374 The Prophet begins to pronounce the sentence of death, but the prisoner begins to shriek the qalmah.

2001 Hindu (Nexis) 31 Aug. With the apex court staying the on-going proceedings, it would not be possible for the High Court to pronounce the judgment immediately.

2. To affirm, assert, state authoritatively or definitely; to declare as one's opinion, assessment, or conclusion, or as a known fact.

a. transitive. With object and complement, or object and infinitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] > authoritatively or as an opinion

pronouncec1384

determine1393

judgec1400

dictate1624

to put on (also upon) record1782

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (N.Y. Publ. Lib.) Catholic Epist. Prol. 594 Enuyous men..pronouncen me to be a falsere and a distroȝere..of holi scripturis.

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 35 (MED) Why schulde curatis pronounsen here breþeren acursed for nakid lettris of syche coueitous prelatis?

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 55 (MED) Lete him in trouþe pronounce himself an vnprofitable seruant.

1536 R. Taverner tr. P. Melanchthon Apol. sig. C.vii, in Confessyon Fayth Germaynes Faythe then is the thynge whiche god pronounceth to be ryghtwysnes.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. xii. 54 The Oracle of Apollo, pronounced the Chaldeans & Hebrews to be only wise.

1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur ii. 41 God view'd his Creatures, and pronounc'd them Good.

1718 Free-thinker No. 57. 2 Pronouncing you a Genteel, Fine, Beautiful Woman.

1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 17 They call it here in Cornwall a weather dog,..and pronounce it a certain sign of hard rain.

1829 K. H. Digby Broad Stone of Honour: Godefridus xii. 69 The twelfth century, which even Sismondi pronounces to have been a great age.

1845 tr. H. Latimer Let. in Serm. & Remains II. 312 To pronounce all to be thieves to a man, except myself, of course, and those men..that are of my own kidney.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xvi. 314 Professor Forbes..pronounces this portion of the Mer de Glace impassable.

1881 H. James Portrait of Lady I. iv. 40 Nineteen persons out of twenty..pronounced Edith infinitely the prettier of the two.

1933 V. Brittain Test. of Youth v. 221 He tested my heart and pronounced me constitutionally fit.

1967 N. Podhoretz Making It i. iii. 81 Leavis pronounced the piece ‘intelligent’ and declared that he would print it.

2005 New Statesman 7 Mar. 56/2 No sooner had Delia Smith pronounced a certain omelette pan or ingredient to be the best than it was sold out across the country.

b. transitive. With clause as object, or (less commonly) with simple object.

ΚΠ

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. vii. 929/1 Openly pronouncing that Luther had more learnyng in hys litle finger then all the doctours in England in their whole bodyes.

a1573 W. Lauder Minor Poems (1870) 21 Paule dois pronunce..That Couatus men sall nocht inherit Heuin.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 491 Wee can not pronounce anie thing certaine of so high a nature as is that of the soule.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 372 Do not pronounce..that every man is in an errour, that thinkes not just as thou thinkest.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 298 Remember, how deceitful Marks all these are to pronounce one's State by.

1790 A. Archibald Ess. on Nature & Princ. i. ii. §3 86 When this expectation..is fully gratified, when the circumstances of the scenery are all such as accord with the peculiar emotion which the scene is fitted to inspire.., we immediately pronounce that the composition is perfect.

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility I. viii. 83 This kind of discernment enabled her soon after her arrival at Barton decisively to pronounce that Colonel Brandon was very much in love with Marianne Dashwood.

1860 J. W. Warter Sea-board & Down II. 24 He could pronounce nothing..as to the extent of the injury.

1875 W. S. Hayward Love against World 2 A stranger would at once pronounce that the three young men were brothers.

1962 N. Mandela in Struggle is my Life (1978) ii. x. 152 I have no doubt that posterity will pronounce that I was innocent.

2001 N.Y. Times 15 Apr. i. 30/1 [He] invited reporters yet again to his Midtown office, this time to pronounce that gasoline prices would go up this summer.

a. transitive. To proclaim, announce, make known, declare aloud; to tell, report. Now rare or merged in other senses.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (intransitive)]

pronouncec1390

avouch1577

say1909

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > form judgement, decide [verb (intransitive)] > pronounce verdict

pronouncec1390

sentencec1400

opine1589

verdict1898

the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > articulate or pronounce

sayOE

shapec1200

formc1300

pronouncec1390

sound1543

prelatea1549

frame1549

articulate1561

annunciate1763

enunciate1767

enounce1829

society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)]

kithec725

i-bedea800

abedeeOE

bid971

deemOE

bodea1000

tellOE

clepec1275

to tell outa1382

denouncec1384

publishc1384

descryc1390

pronouncec1390

proclaima1393

sound1412

proclaim?a1425

renouncea1425

announcec1429

preconize?1440

announce1483

reclaim?1503

call1523

to speak forth1526

annunciate1533

protest1533

to breathe out1535

denouncec1540

enact1611

deblazon1621

deblaze1640

advise1647

apostolize1652

indigitatea1670

enounce1807

voice1850

norate1851

enunciate1864

post1961

c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine 292 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 66 (MED) Þe crede..al aloud he gan..rede, Þat alle men miht him here, Til he hedde pronounced al ifeere.

c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 335 First I pronounce [v.r. pronouns] whennes that I come, And thanne my bulles shewe I alle and some.

a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1003 (MED) I sal pronunce..All my mysdedes my-self ogayne.

c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iv. 36 (MED) Comliche a clerk þan comsid þe wordis And prononcid þe poyntis aperte to hem alle.

a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 84 (MED) Whan the Jewes herd thys, they wer sore aferde and seyd..‘Yf the knyghtes pronounce thys tale yn Jherusalem, alle peple wyl beleue hem.’

1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. M.iiii^v Amidde the thickest throngs..I will pronounce this bloudie deede.

1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater Prol. sig. A2 I doe pronounce this, to the vtter discomfort of all two peny Gallerie men.

1653 H. More Second Lash of Alazonomastix 14 Wherefore Adam, being pre-advertised by the vision, was presently able to pronounce, This is now bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh.

a1726 N. Brady Rape (1730) iv. i. 51 Forgive me, mighty Sir, if I pronounce Tidings t'inflame, and wound your Royal Ear.

1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest II. xi. 173 It is..a very disagreeable office to pronounce ill news.

1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain i. xxvii. 299 Meta Rivers, after being certified that this was their Mr. Ernescliffe, pronounced that her papa thought him particularly pleasing and gentlemanlike.

1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. ix. 217 Impassioned words, in which she pronounced her ideas of what should be the religious duties of a woman.

1947 F. B. Coffin Factum Factorum 125 I seem to hear Long distance radio Pronounce the glad news to the world That Hitler is no more.

†b. transitive. Of a statement: to have (a particular meaning or significance); to assert; to signify. Also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > mean, signify, express [verb (transitive)]

tokenc888

meaneOE

sayOE

bequeathc1175

signifya1382

beara1400

bemeana1400

soundc1400

designc1429

applyc1450

betoken1502

express1526

conveya1568

intend1572

carry1584

denotate1597

pronounce1610

to set out1628

implya1640

speak1645

denote1668

designate1741

describe1808

enunciate1859

1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr xii. 390 This act, (of the goodnes or badnes whereof this Proposition pronounces nothing).

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 98 This..signifies properly two sentences w^ch pronounce against each other.

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 158 Some propositions that pronounce of the creature be necessary, and some contingent in their truth.

†c. transitive. figurative. To be or give evidence of; to manifest, display, make apparent. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)]

uppec897

atewOE

sutelec1000

openOE

awnc1175

kithec1175

forthteec1200

tawnec1220

let witc1275

forthshowa1300

to pilt out?a1300

showa1300

barea1325

mythc1330

unfoldc1374

to open outc1390

assign1398

mustera1400

reyve?a1400

vouchc1400

manifest?a1425

outshowc1425

ostendc1429

explayc1443

objecta1500

reveala1500

patefy?1509

decipher1529

relieve1533

to set outa1540

utter1542

report1548

unbuckle1548

to set forth1551

demonstrate1553

to hold forth1560

testify1560

explicate1565

forthsetc1565

to give show of1567

denudec1572

exhibit1573

apparent1577

display?1578

carry1580

cipher1583

laya1586

foreshow1590

uncloud?1594

vision1594

explain1597

proclaim1597

unroll1598

discloud1600

remonstrate1601

resent1602

to bring out1608

palesate1613

pronounce1615

to speak out1623

elicit1641

confess1646

bear1657

breathe1667

outplay1702

to throw out1741

evolve1744

announce1781

develop1806

exfoliate1808

evince1829

exposit1882

pack1925

1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. (1857) 144 His workes doe..pronounce both nourishment, delight and admiration to the readers soule.

1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Spain & Portugal cxliii Costly decorations to the capital, that pronounce false pride and vain glory.

a1845 T. Hood Lamia i, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 251 Here I'll sit down and watch; till his dear foot Pronounce him to my ear.

4. transitive (reflexive). To utter or avow one's opinions or intentions; to declare oneself.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > personal opinion > express one's opinion [verb]

to speak one's mindc1500

to open one's budget1548

to speak (also give) one's sense1646

pronounce1801

to say (also speak) one's piece1822

1801 W. Dupré Lexicographia-neologica Gallica 226 Se pronouncer,..to pronounce or declare one's self... Of late this reciprocal verb has greatly obtained in the sense of openly declaring for or against any person or thing.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. ii. vi. 128 The Mutineers pronounce themselves with a decisiveness, which to Bouillé seems insolence.

1846 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces 27 Without pronouncing myself positively upon the question..I think it will be safer to regard the action on Photographic compounds as resulting from a function of light.

1901 N.Y. Times 24 Aug. 6/4 Mr. Monk does not feel in a position to pronounce himself upon the claim of the Acadians to have a Catholic Bishop of their own nationality.

1958 New Statesman 1 Feb. 127/2 He believes the Brains-trusters really are equipped to pronounce themselves upon, virtually, anything.

1998 V. Guiraudon in C. Joppke Challenge to Nation-state viii. 301 Judges in pronouncing themselves on alien rights were very much aware of the ‘judicial capital’ they were spending.

II. Senses relating to the act of speech.

a. transitive. To give utterance to; to utter, speak, articulate (a word or words); †to make or produce (a vocal sound) (obsolete). Also intransitive.When used with reference to the ritual or ceremonial utterance of words the sense is not easily distinguished from sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)]

speakc825

queatheOE

forthdoc900

i-seggenc900

sayeOE

speak971

meleOE

quidOE

spella1000

forthbringc1000

givec1175

warpa1225

mootc1225

i-schirea1250

upbringa1250

outsay?c1250

spilec1275

talec1275

wisea1300

crackc1315

nevena1325

cast1330

rehearsec1330

roundc1330

spend1362

carpa1375

sermona1382

to speak outc1384

usea1387

minc1390

pronouncea1393

lancec1400

mellc1400

nurnc1400

slingc1400

tellc1400

wordc1400

yelpc1400

worka1425

utterc1444

outspeakc1449

yielda1450

arecchec1460

roose?a1475

cutc1525

to come forth with1532

bubble1536

prolate1542

report1548

prolocute1570

bespeak1579

wield1581

upbraid1587

up with (also mid) ——1594

name1595

upbrayc1600

discoursea1616

tonguea1616

to bring out1665

voice1665

emit1753

lip1789

to out with1802

pitch1811

go1836

to open one's head1843

vocabulize1861

shoot1915

verbal1920

be1982

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter

leadOE

givec1175

tell?c1225

talkc1275

to set upa1325

to put outc1350

soundc1374

to give upc1386

pronouncea1393

cough1393

moutha1400

profera1400

forth withc1400

utterc1400

to put forth1535

display1580

vent1602

accent1603

respeak1604

vocalize1669

fetch1707

go1836

outen1951

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 169 (MED) The science of Musique..techeth upon Armonie A man to make melodie..Thurgh notes of acordement, The whiche men pronounce alofte.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 261 (MED) Lippis..helpiþ forto speke & to pronounce wordis.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 255 (MED) He..was instructe in the langage of Grece, in whiche langage he hade better use to understonde hit then to pronownce hit.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 117 Demosthenes beeyng not able to pronounce the firste letter of that Arte..but would say, for Rhethorique, Letolike, vsed to put litle stones vnder his tongue, & so pronounced, whereby he spake at length so plainely, as any manne in the worlde could doe.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 110 Thay can pronunce na voce furth of thair throtis.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. x. 151 You are to vtter each word leasurely and treatably; pronouncing euery part of it, so as euery one may write..as fast as you speake.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 553 Language of Man pronounc't By Tongue of Brute.

1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 300 They say that the Americans bordering on New England..cannot pronounce either an l or r, but use n instead of it.

1747 J. Godfrey Treat. Useful Sci. Defence 56 Strength equal to what is human, Skill and Judgment equal to what can be acquired, undebauched Wind, and a bottom Spirit, never to pronounce the Word Enough.

1768 T. Gray Descent of Odin in Poems 89 Thrice he..pronounc'd, in accents dread, The thrilling verse that wakes the Dead.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. ii. 107 When she..pronounced some words that I understood not.

1886 H. James Bostonians I. iv. 30 She pronounced every syllable of every word and insisted on being explicit.

1911 J. Conrad Under Western Eyes i. iii. 69 He pronounced..the same words over and over again.

1961 E. Taylor In Summer Season v. 134 He never could pronounce his r's properly.

2000 C. Hanger World Food: Morocco 166 Several Moroccan Arabic sounds will be new to the native English speaker and difficult at first to pronounce.

b. transitive. With adverb, adverbial phrase, or complement indicating the particular mode of pronunciation of a letter, word, etc.

ΚΠ

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Bi Ye shal pronounce..your i, as sharpe as can be.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. vii. f. 124^v The names..are pronounced with thaccent, as yowe may know by the verge sette ouer the heddes of the vowels.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 91 ^v Casula..the barbarous number, by the addition of one letter pronounce it Capsula.

c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) i. ii. §18 U the south pronunces quhen the syllab beginnes or endes at it, as eu, teu for tu, and eunum meunus for unum munus, quhilk..I hoep I sal not need argumentes to prove it wrang.

1650 R. Withers tr. O. Bon Descr. Grand Signor's Seraglio i. 7 Bagno's. [margin] Bathes or hot-houses; it must be pronounced Banios.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 381 The word is sometimes pronounc'd with a b.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 314. ⁋9 My Friends flatter me, that I pronounced those Words with a tolerable good Accent.

1775 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 193 He pronounces English..quite different from other Foreigners.

1844 G. L. Craik Sketches Hist. Lit. & Learning Eng. II. 20 Wallis..suggested that the origin of this silent e probably was, that it had originally been pronounced, though somewhat obscurely, as a distinct syllable.

1890 Independent (N.Y.) 9 Oct. 1/2 The word Aleut, pronounced al-lee-yoot, is of uncertain origin.

1921 C. Torr Small Talk at Wreyland 2nd Ser. 83 They [sc. the Greeks] pronounce b like our v, but mp like our b.

1987 F. Wyndham Other Garden v. 62 ‘Old Queen Mary's toques!’ (Dodo pronounced the last word with a French accent, and I did not immediately recognise it.)

2004 Independent 15 Mar. i. 15/2 Acupuncturists also describe a phenomenon called ‘de qi’ (pronounced ‘day-chee’).

†6.

a. transitive. To deliver, declaim, or recite in a specified manner. Also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > deliver (a speech) [verb (transitive)]

speakc888

preacha1382

pronounce1560

deliver1576

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxlii To se the priest..standing at the aultare, pronouncing al thinges in a strange language.

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 1 Pronounce me this speech trippingly a the tongue.

1619 W. Cowper Pathmos vii. 297 That most ancient Church of the East, composed of Grecians..Syrians, in which tongue the Son of God pronounced his Oracles.

b. intransitive. To deliver a sermon or address; to preach. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > preaching > preach [verb (intransitive)]

spellc888

bodec1000

preach?c1225

pulpitc1540

homilize1624

sermonize1635

concionatea1641

pronounce1663

pulpiteer1909

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > make a speech [verb (intransitive)] > discourse or lecture

carpa1375

movec1400

descant1536

discourse1547

lecturea1592

homilize1624

dissert1657

lecturize1661

pronounce1663

to hold forth1668

to hold out1689

sermonize1753

dissertate1766

1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. iv. v. 46 Brother Abednego, will you not pronounce this Evening tide before the Congregation of the Spotless in Coleman-street?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pronounce
释义	† pronouncen. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pronounce v. Etymology: < pronounce v. Compare French †prononce pronunciation (1605), and also Italian pronunzia pronunciation (1516; also pronuncia ), post-classical Latin pronuncia opinion, judgement (in an undated document in Du Cange). Compare earlier pronouncement n., pronouncing n., pronunciation n. Obsolete. rare. 1. Utterance, delivery; = pronunciation n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > rhetoric > [noun] rhetoricc1330 pronunciation?a1439 rhetory?a1500 well-speaking1511 oratorya1522 rhetorism1569 declaiming1577 pronouncec1600 acroama1603 eloquence1623 rhetoricalness1670 hypocritic1776 union1834 Speakership1887 oracy1965 c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 35 Orators, all of them having their particuler excellencies in barbarisme, harshnes, and rusticall both pronounce and action. 2. A statement, a declaration; = pronouncement n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > [noun] declaration1340 propositionc1390 presentmentc1454 unsecretness1526 advancement1532 representation1553 upgiving1574 pronouncement1593 presentation1597 proposal1597 declarement1633 pronounce1641 enunciation1651 declaring1667 advance1699 declarature1729 statement1776 stating1780 constatation1952 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > a judgement, ruling doomc825 judging1357 verdictc1386 determination1395 judgement?a1400 skillc1400 decision1467 date1488 arrest1509 resolution1545 pronouncement1593 resultance1610 decreea1642 placit1641 pronounce1641 placitum1649 vardy1738 deliverance1856 society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] bodingc1000 proclamationa1325 announcingc1450 pronunciationc1455 nunciationc1460 proclaim1461 announcement1512 blazoning1533 denouncement1544 denunciation1548 denouncing1552 annunciation1563 blazing1563 indiction1583 pronouncement1593 exclamation1602 predication1618 pronounce1641 preconization1650 predicature1653 denounce1704 preconizance1719 annunciatinga1729 annonce1775 announce1779 blazonment1876 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 22 That all controversie may end in the finall pronounce or canon of one Arch-primat, or Protestant Pope. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021). pronouncev. Brit. /prəˈnaʊns/, U.S. /prəˈnaʊns/ Forms: Middle English prononce, Middle English pronowns, Middle English pronunse, Middle English–1500s pronouns, Middle English–1500s pronounse, Middle English–1500s pronownce, Middle English–1700s pronunce, Middle English– pronounce, 1500s pronownse, 1500s pronownysed (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 prononce, pre-1700 pronownce, pre-1700 pronowns, pre-1700 pronownsse, pre-1700 pronunc (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 pronuns, pre-1700 1700s pronunce, pre-1700 1700s– pronounce. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pronouncer; Latin pronunciare, prōnuntiāre. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pronouncer, pronouncier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French pronuncer, pronuncier, Middle French prononcier, Middle French, French prononcer to proclaim, make known, declare (early 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to utter, articulate (speech sounds, words) (c1225 in Old French), to utter or declare (a sentence, ruling, opinion) with authority (13th cent. in Old French; frequently in legal use), to recite (a text) (second half of the 14th cent.), to utter or articulate (sounds, words, sentences) in a specified manner (second half of the 14th cent. in prononcer bien ), (reflexive) to utter or avow one's opinions or intentions (1795) and its etymon post-classical Latin pronunciare (Vetus Latina), variant of classical Latin prōnuntiāre to proclaim, announce, to affirm, declare, to state as a fact, assert, to pass judgement, to utter, speak, to utter in a given way, to recite, declaim < prō- pro- prefix¹ + nuntiāre to announce (see nunciation n.). Compare Old Occitan pronunciar (second half of the 13th cent.; also prononciar; Occitan prononciar), Catalan pronunciar (1272), Spanish pronunciar (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese pronunciar (13th cent), Italian pronunziare (c1300; also pronunciare). I. Senses relating to declaration or assertion. 1. a. intransitive. To make a formal, considered, or authoritative statement or assertion; to declare a ruling, judgement, or opinion (on or upon a matter); to pass judgement. Frequently with for (also in favour of) or against. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or act as judge [verb (intransitive)] > give a judgement decern1541 pronounce1651 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. iii. 14 And Nabugodonosor, the kyng, pronounsynge [L. pronuntians], saith to hem, ‘Verrely wher ȝe, Sydrac, Mysac, and Abdenago, honouren not my goddis?’ 1576 G. Gascoigne Princelye Pleasures Kenelwoorth (1821) 1 Sybilla being placed in an arbor..did step out, and pronounced as foloweth. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxiii. 23 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 93 They wanton grow, and in malicious vaine Talking of wrong, pronounce as from the skies! 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 146 Twelve men of the common People..pronounce simply for the Complaynant, or for the Defendant. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 343 Cicero himself..seems to stand Neuter, and pronounces on no side. 1725 I. Watts Logick iii. iii. §1 Some weaker People..pronounce against the Use of the Bark or Opium upon all Occasions whatsoever. 1771 D. Henry Compl. Eng. Farmer xxix. 163 We need not hesitate a moment in the present improved state of agriculture in this kingdom, to pronounce in favour of the old. 1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Property III. 521 I should give law and equity, and not pronounce upon law and equity. 1830 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. ii. 405 He will not presume to pronounce upon the fate of those who lived either under the darkness or the light. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xviii. 295 When all France pronounced for atheism and anarchy. 1909 Chatterbox 31/1 When an interval came, Perkins and Jackson pronounced strongly in favour of the new master. 1942 R. Coupland Cripps Mission v. 54 His one serious complaint was that it [sc. the draft declaration] did not explicitly pronounce in favour of Pakistan. 1969 A. L. Rowse Diary 20 Apr. (2003) 433 Claud Phillimore had pronounced against it architecturally, so I suppose it will be left to moulder away. 1995 Daily Express 17 Mar. 70/1 Northern's board has said that it would consent to a bid after the regulator has pronounced in June. 2004 M. Perloff in J. Gibson & W. Huemer Literary Wittgenstein ii. 38 The Wittgenstein who refused to theorize about art was quite ready, in his letters, journals, and conversations, to pronounce on a given work with great conviction. b. transitive. To utter, declare, or deliver (a sentence, judgment, ruling, opinion, etc.) formally; to proclaim or announce authoritatively or officially. Also with clause as object. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > judge, determine [verb (transitive)] > declare authoritatively pronounce?a1400 sentencea1617 opiniate1706 society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] > officially, formally, or by authority, etc. pronounce?a1400 emit1672 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 315 (MED) Our messengrs for Gascoyn were at Rome..to areson þe pape þe right forto declare..& þorgh his decre þe pes pronunce. c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 155 (MED) Þe Pope..grantede ful power to iiij bisshopis to pronounce þe enterdityng, if it were nede. c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 87 The iuge whan he herd þis and say hir grete constauns in þe feith pronounsed þe sentens of hir deth in þis forme. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 6 The messagers..had pronounced the Ioustes. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Matrimonie f. xiiii^v I pronounce that they bee man and wyfe together. 1552 Bk. Common Prayer* (STC 16279) Morninge Prayer sig. .ii The absolucion to be pronounced by the minister alone. 1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries ii. 66 b This sentence was pronounced the 4 of June 1568. And subsigned, Duke de Alua. 1623 P. Massinger Duke of Millaine v. ii. 50 Let me pronounce vpon this wretch all torture That witty cruelty can inuent. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 135 Then the first Prince, whose office it is, pronounces with a loud voice, that it is but necessary they should have a Prince to Govern and Rule them. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xi. 195 He could not be so ignorant, as not to know what Judgment the Law pronounced against those who..refused to plead. 1743 J. Morris Serm. vii. 183 When he had pronounced the curse. 1795 S. J. Pratt Gleanings through Wales II. 221 Their High Mightinesses..had sat in Council upon it, and pronounced the sentence of destruction. 1817 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 796 The Speaker said..the House should pronounce, whether the passage in the work..was or was not a breach of privilege. 1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 210 The day and hour on which he pronounced his vows as an Augustine Friar. 1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold ii. ii. 61 And hath King Edward not pronounced his heir? 1898 Daily Herald (Delphos, Ohio) 10 Jan. The evidence was conclusive against Maxson and the Mayor stated that he could do nothing else but pronounce a sentence of guilty. 1903 J. Cartwright Isabella D'Este II. xxiii. 42 At length..he [sc. the Pope] solemnly pronounced the absolution of Venice, while the five envoys, clad in scarlet, knelt at his feet. 1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond i. 14 My uncle, after commending both their souls and pronouncing an absolution, aimed his gun at her and fired. 1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses 374 The Prophet begins to pronounce the sentence of death, but the prisoner begins to shriek the qalmah. 2001 Hindu (Nexis) 31 Aug. With the apex court staying the on-going proceedings, it would not be possible for the High Court to pronounce the judgment immediately. 2. To affirm, assert, state authoritatively or definitely; to declare as one's opinion, assessment, or conclusion, or as a known fact. a. transitive. With object and complement, or object and infinitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] > authoritatively or as an opinion pronouncec1384 determine1393 judgec1400 dictate1624 to put on (also upon) record1782 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (N.Y. Publ. Lib.) Catholic Epist. Prol. 594 Enuyous men..pronouncen me to be a falsere and a distroȝere..of holi scripturis. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 35 (MED) Why schulde curatis pronounsen here breþeren acursed for nakid lettris of syche coueitous prelatis? a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 55 (MED) Lete him in trouþe pronounce himself an vnprofitable seruant. 1536 R. Taverner tr. P. Melanchthon Apol. sig. C.vii, in Confessyon Fayth Germaynes Faythe then is the thynge whiche god pronounceth to be ryghtwysnes. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. xii. 54 The Oracle of Apollo, pronounced the Chaldeans & Hebrews to be only wise. 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur ii. 41 God view'd his Creatures, and pronounc'd them Good. 1718 Free-thinker No. 57. 2 Pronouncing you a Genteel, Fine, Beautiful Woman. 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 17 They call it here in Cornwall a weather dog,..and pronounce it a certain sign of hard rain. 1829 K. H. Digby Broad Stone of Honour: Godefridus xii. 69 The twelfth century, which even Sismondi pronounces to have been a great age. 1845 tr. H. Latimer Let. in Serm. & Remains II. 312 To pronounce all to be thieves to a man, except myself, of course, and those men..that are of my own kidney. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xvi. 314 Professor Forbes..pronounces this portion of the Mer de Glace impassable. 1881 H. James Portrait of Lady I. iv. 40 Nineteen persons out of twenty..pronounced Edith infinitely the prettier of the two. 1933 V. Brittain Test. of Youth v. 221 He tested my heart and pronounced me constitutionally fit. 1967 N. Podhoretz Making It i. iii. 81 Leavis pronounced the piece ‘intelligent’ and declared that he would print it. 2005 New Statesman 7 Mar. 56/2 No sooner had Delia Smith pronounced a certain omelette pan or ingredient to be the best than it was sold out across the country. b. transitive. With clause as object, or (less commonly) with simple object. ΚΠ 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. vii. 929/1 Openly pronouncing that Luther had more learnyng in hys litle finger then all the doctours in England in their whole bodyes. a1573 W. Lauder Minor Poems (1870) 21 Paule dois pronunce..That Couatus men sall nocht inherit Heuin. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 491 Wee can not pronounce anie thing certaine of so high a nature as is that of the soule. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 372 Do not pronounce..that every man is in an errour, that thinkes not just as thou thinkest. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 298 Remember, how deceitful Marks all these are to pronounce one's State by. 1790 A. Archibald Ess. on Nature & Princ. i. ii. §3 86 When this expectation..is fully gratified, when the circumstances of the scenery are all such as accord with the peculiar emotion which the scene is fitted to inspire.., we immediately pronounce that the composition is perfect. 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility I. viii. 83 This kind of discernment enabled her soon after her arrival at Barton decisively to pronounce that Colonel Brandon was very much in love with Marianne Dashwood. 1860 J. W. Warter Sea-board & Down II. 24 He could pronounce nothing..as to the extent of the injury. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love against World 2 A stranger would at once pronounce that the three young men were brothers. 1962 N. Mandela in Struggle is my Life (1978) ii. x. 152 I have no doubt that posterity will pronounce that I was innocent. 2001 N.Y. Times 15 Apr. i. 30/1 [He] invited reporters yet again to his Midtown office, this time to pronounce that gasoline prices would go up this summer. 3. a. transitive. To proclaim, announce, make known, declare aloud; to tell, report. Now rare or merged in other senses. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (intransitive)] pronouncec1390 avouch1577 say1909 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > form judgement, decide [verb (intransitive)] > pronounce verdict pronouncec1390 sentencec1400 opine1589 verdict1898 the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > articulate or pronounce sayOE shapec1200 formc1300 pronouncec1390 sound1543 prelatea1549 frame1549 articulate1561 annunciate1763 enunciate1767 enounce1829 society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] kithec725 i-bedea800 abedeeOE bid971 deemOE bodea1000 tellOE clepec1275 to tell outa1382 denouncec1384 publishc1384 descryc1390 pronouncec1390 proclaima1393 sound1412 proclaim?a1425 renouncea1425 announcec1429 preconize?1440 announce1483 reclaim?1503 call1523 to speak forth1526 annunciate1533 protest1533 to breathe out1535 denouncec1540 enact1611 deblazon1621 deblaze1640 advise1647 apostolize1652 indigitatea1670 enounce1807 voice1850 norate1851 enunciate1864 post1961 c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine 292 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 66 (MED) Þe crede..al aloud he gan..rede, Þat alle men miht him here, Til he hedde pronounced al ifeere. c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 335 First I pronounce [v.r. pronouns] whennes that I come, And thanne my bulles shewe I alle and some. a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1003 (MED) I sal pronunce..All my mysdedes my-self ogayne. c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iv. 36 (MED) Comliche a clerk þan comsid þe wordis And prononcid þe poyntis aperte to hem alle. a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 84 (MED) Whan the Jewes herd thys, they wer sore aferde and seyd..‘Yf the knyghtes pronounce thys tale yn Jherusalem, alle peple wyl beleue hem.’ 1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. M.iiii^v Amidde the thickest throngs..I will pronounce this bloudie deede. 1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater Prol. sig. A2 I doe pronounce this, to the vtter discomfort of all two peny Gallerie men. 1653 H. More Second Lash of Alazonomastix 14 Wherefore Adam, being pre-advertised by the vision, was presently able to pronounce, This is now bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh. a1726 N. Brady Rape (1730) iv. i. 51 Forgive me, mighty Sir, if I pronounce Tidings t'inflame, and wound your Royal Ear. 1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest II. xi. 173 It is..a very disagreeable office to pronounce ill news. 1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain i. xxvii. 299 Meta Rivers, after being certified that this was their Mr. Ernescliffe, pronounced that her papa thought him particularly pleasing and gentlemanlike. 1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. ix. 217 Impassioned words, in which she pronounced her ideas of what should be the religious duties of a woman. 1947 F. B. Coffin Factum Factorum 125 I seem to hear Long distance radio Pronounce the glad news to the world That Hitler is no more. †b. transitive. Of a statement: to have (a particular meaning or significance); to assert; to signify. Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > mean, signify, express [verb (transitive)] tokenc888 meaneOE sayOE bequeathc1175 signifya1382 beara1400 bemeana1400 soundc1400 designc1429 applyc1450 betoken1502 express1526 conveya1568 intend1572 carry1584 denotate1597 pronounce1610 to set out1628 implya1640 speak1645 denote1668 designate1741 describe1808 enunciate1859 read1894 1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr xii. 390 This act, (of the goodnes or badnes whereof this Proposition pronounces nothing). 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 98 This..signifies properly two sentences w^ch pronounce against each other. 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 158 Some propositions that pronounce of the creature be necessary, and some contingent in their truth. †c. transitive. figurative. To be or give evidence of; to manifest, display, make apparent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)] uppec897 atewOE sutelec1000 openOE awnc1175 kithec1175 forthteec1200 tawnec1220 let witc1275 forthshowa1300 to pilt out?a1300 showa1300 barea1325 mythc1330 unfoldc1374 to open outc1390 assign1398 mustera1400 reyve?a1400 vouchc1400 manifest?a1425 outshowc1425 ostendc1429 explayc1443 objecta1500 reveala1500 patefy?1509 decipher1529 relieve1533 to set outa1540 utter1542 report1548 unbuckle1548 to set forth1551 demonstrate1553 to hold forth1560 testify1560 explicate1565 forthsetc1565 to give show of1567 denudec1572 exhibit1573 apparent1577 display?1578 carry1580 cipher1583 laya1586 foreshow1590 uncloud?1594 vision1594 explain1597 proclaim1597 unroll1598 discloud1600 remonstrate1601 resent1602 to bring out1608 palesate1613 pronounce1615 to speak out1623 elicit1641 confess1646 bear1657 breathe1667 outplay1702 to throw out1741 evolve1744 announce1781 develop1806 exfoliate1808 evince1829 exposit1882 pack1925 1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. (1857) 144 His workes doe..pronounce both nourishment, delight and admiration to the readers soule. 1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Spain & Portugal cxliii Costly decorations to the capital, that pronounce false pride and vain glory. a1845 T. Hood Lamia i, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 251 Here I'll sit down and watch; till his dear foot Pronounce him to my ear. 4. transitive (reflexive). To utter or avow one's opinions or intentions; to declare oneself. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > personal opinion > express one's opinion [verb] to speak one's mindc1500 to open one's budget1548 to speak (also give) one's sense1646 pronounce1801 to say (also speak) one's piece1822 1801 W. Dupré Lexicographia-neologica Gallica 226 Se pronouncer,..to pronounce or declare one's self... Of late this reciprocal verb has greatly obtained in the sense of openly declaring for or against any person or thing. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. ii. vi. 128 The Mutineers pronounce themselves with a decisiveness, which to Bouillé seems insolence. 1846 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces 27 Without pronouncing myself positively upon the question..I think it will be safer to regard the action on Photographic compounds as resulting from a function of light. 1901 N.Y. Times 24 Aug. 6/4 Mr. Monk does not feel in a position to pronounce himself upon the claim of the Acadians to have a Catholic Bishop of their own nationality. 1958 New Statesman 1 Feb. 127/2 He believes the Brains-trusters really are equipped to pronounce themselves upon, virtually, anything. 1998 V. Guiraudon in C. Joppke Challenge to Nation-state viii. 301 Judges in pronouncing themselves on alien rights were very much aware of the ‘judicial capital’ they were spending. II. Senses relating to the act of speech. 5. a. transitive. To give utterance to; to utter, speak, articulate (a word or words); †to make or produce (a vocal sound) (obsolete). Also intransitive.When used with reference to the ritual or ceremonial utterance of words the sense is not easily distinguished from sense 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] speakc825 queatheOE forthdoc900 i-seggenc900 sayeOE speak971 meleOE quidOE spella1000 forthbringc1000 givec1175 warpa1225 mootc1225 i-schirea1250 upbringa1250 outsay?c1250 spilec1275 talec1275 wisea1300 crackc1315 nevena1325 cast1330 rehearsec1330 roundc1330 spend1362 carpa1375 sermona1382 to speak outc1384 usea1387 minc1390 pronouncea1393 lancec1400 mellc1400 nurnc1400 slingc1400 tellc1400 wordc1400 yelpc1400 worka1425 utterc1444 outspeakc1449 yielda1450 arecchec1460 roose?a1475 cutc1525 to come forth with1532 bubble1536 prolate1542 report1548 prolocute1570 bespeak1579 wield1581 upbraid1587 up with (also mid) ——1594 name1595 upbrayc1600 discoursea1616 tonguea1616 to bring out1665 voice1665 emit1753 lip1789 to out with1802 pitch1811 go1836 to open one's head1843 vocabulize1861 shoot1915 verbal1920 be1982 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter leadOE givec1175 tell?c1225 talkc1275 to set upa1325 to put outc1350 soundc1374 to give upc1386 pronouncea1393 cough1393 moutha1400 profera1400 forth withc1400 utterc1400 to put forth1535 display1580 vent1602 accent1603 respeak1604 vocalize1669 fetch1707 go1836 outen1951 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 169 (MED) The science of Musique..techeth upon Armonie A man to make melodie..Thurgh notes of acordement, The whiche men pronounce alofte. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 261 (MED) Lippis..helpiþ forto speke & to pronounce wordis. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 255 (MED) He..was instructe in the langage of Grece, in whiche langage he hade better use to understonde hit then to pronownce hit. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 117 Demosthenes beeyng not able to pronounce the firste letter of that Arte..but would say, for Rhethorique, Letolike, vsed to put litle stones vnder his tongue, & so pronounced, whereby he spake at length so plainely, as any manne in the worlde could doe. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 110 Thay can pronunce na voce furth of thair throtis. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. x. 151 You are to vtter each word leasurely and treatably; pronouncing euery part of it, so as euery one may write..as fast as you speake. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 553 Language of Man pronounc't By Tongue of Brute. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 300 They say that the Americans bordering on New England..cannot pronounce either an l or r, but use n instead of it. 1747 J. Godfrey Treat. Useful Sci. Defence 56 Strength equal to what is human, Skill and Judgment equal to what can be acquired, undebauched Wind, and a bottom Spirit, never to pronounce the Word Enough. 1768 T. Gray Descent of Odin in Poems 89 Thrice he..pronounc'd, in accents dread, The thrilling verse that wakes the Dead. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. ii. 107 When she..pronounced some words that I understood not. 1886 H. James Bostonians I. iv. 30 She pronounced every syllable of every word and insisted on being explicit. 1911 J. Conrad Under Western Eyes i. iii. 69 He pronounced..the same words over and over again. 1961 E. Taylor In Summer Season v. 134 He never could pronounce his r's properly. 2000 C. Hanger World Food: Morocco 166 Several Moroccan Arabic sounds will be new to the native English speaker and difficult at first to pronounce. b. transitive. With adverb, adverbial phrase, or complement indicating the particular mode of pronunciation of a letter, word, etc. ΚΠ ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Bi Ye shal pronounce..your i, as sharpe as can be. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. vii. f. 124^v The names..are pronounced with thaccent, as yowe may know by the verge sette ouer the heddes of the vowels. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 91 ^v Casula..the barbarous number, by the addition of one letter pronounce it Capsula. c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) i. ii. §18 U the south pronunces quhen the syllab beginnes or endes at it, as eu, teu for tu, and eunum meunus for unum munus, quhilk..I hoep I sal not need argumentes to prove it wrang. 1650 R. Withers tr. O. Bon Descr. Grand Signor's Seraglio i. 7 Bagno's. [margin] Bathes or hot-houses; it must be pronounced Banios. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 381 The word is sometimes pronounc'd with a b. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 314. ⁋9 My Friends flatter me, that I pronounced those Words with a tolerable good Accent. 1775 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 193 He pronounces English..quite different from other Foreigners. 1844 G. L. Craik Sketches Hist. Lit. & Learning Eng. II. 20 Wallis..suggested that the origin of this silent e probably was, that it had originally been pronounced, though somewhat obscurely, as a distinct syllable. 1890 Independent (N.Y.) 9 Oct. 1/2 The word Aleut, pronounced al-lee-yoot, is of uncertain origin. 1921 C. Torr Small Talk at Wreyland 2nd Ser. 83 They [sc. the Greeks] pronounce b like our v, but mp like our b. 1987 F. Wyndham Other Garden v. 62 ‘Old Queen Mary's toques!’ (Dodo pronounced the last word with a French accent, and I did not immediately recognise it.) 2004 Independent 15 Mar. i. 15/2 Acupuncturists also describe a phenomenon called ‘de qi’ (pronounced ‘day-chee’). †6. a. transitive. To deliver, declaim, or recite in a specified manner. Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > deliver (a speech) [verb (transitive)] speakc888 preacha1382 pronounce1560 deliver1576 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxlii To se the priest..standing at the aultare, pronouncing al thinges in a strange language. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 1 Pronounce me this speech trippingly a the tongue. 1619 W. Cowper Pathmos vii. 297 That most ancient Church of the East, composed of Grecians..Syrians, in which tongue the Son of God pronounced his Oracles. b. intransitive. To deliver a sermon or address; to preach. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > preaching > preach [verb (intransitive)] spellc888 bodec1000 preach?c1225 pulpitc1540 homilize1624 sermonize1635 concionatea1641 pronounce1663 pulpiteer1909 the mind > language > speech > speech-making > make a speech [verb (intransitive)] > discourse or lecture carpa1375 movec1400 descant1536 discourse1547 lecturea1592 homilize1624 dissert1657 lecturize1661 pronounce1663 to hold forth1668 to hold out1689 sermonize1753 dissertate1766 1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. iv. v. 46 Brother Abednego, will you not pronounce this Evening tide before the Congregation of the Spotless in Coleman-street? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1600v.c1384
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