promotionn.

Brit.

/prəˈməʊʃn/, U.S.

/prəˈmoʊʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English promocione, late Middle English promocioun, late Middle English promocon, late Middle English promocyone, late Middle English promotioun, late Middle English–1500s promocyon, late Middle English–1600s promocion, late Middle English– promotion; Scottish pre-1700 premocione, pre-1700 premotioun, pre-1700 promocion, pre-1700 promocione, pre-1700 promocioun, pre-1700 promocioune, pre-1700 promotione, pre-1700 promotioun, pre-1700 promotioune, pre-1700 promotyon, pre-1700 1700s– promotion.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French promocione, promotion; Latin prōmōtiōn-, prōmōtiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman promocione, promociouon, promosion, promossion, Anglo-Norman and Middle French promocion, promotion (French promotion ) allegation (a1327 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), advancement in rank or position (c1350), influence, support (a1412 or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin prōmōtiōn-, prōmōtiō advancement to office, in post-classical Latin also ecclesiastical preferment (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian; frequently c1125–1559 in British sources), action of proceeding, progress (4th cent.), furtherance (frequently c1210–1422 in British sources), advancement to a university degree (1473 in a British source) < prōmōt- , past participial stem of prōmovēre promote v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan promotio (1368), Spanish promoción (16th cent.), Italian promozione (a1342).

a. Advancement in rank or position; preferment.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading

advancementc1325

promotion?a1425

promoving1496

motion1641

lift1711

upgrading1920

bump1949

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > rise in prosperity, power, or rank > advancement or promotion of a person

furtheringc1000

vancement1303

advancementc1325

promotion?a1425

vauncingc1426

advance1440

furtherancec1440

preference1456

prefermentc1465

forwardness1591

preferency1602

motion1641

promoval1653

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 107 (MED) Seeknes..or pouert or ony promocioun of staat in þe world..ben ful scharpe þornes.

1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 344/2 Item, that none of the seide Lordes..shal receyve..any yeft..for promotion or fortheryng of any persone to Office or Benefice.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 112 He, aftir his promocion, was ful onkind onto þe Cherch.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxxvii. 511 With his promocyon of popalyte the romayns were apeased.

1540 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 119 I give to Dorithe and Anne my doughters xl li, to be equallye devyded betwixte them towarde ther mariadge or other promocion.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L.3^v In whome doth the patronage, right, and gisture of these ecclesiastical promotions, and benefices consist?

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. ii. 22 The high promotion of his Grace of Canterbury, Who holds his State at dore 'mongst Purseuants, Pages, and Foot-boyes.

1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 81 Disgusted that he was not in the late promotion made a marshall of France.

1751 Earl of Orrery Remarks Swift (1752) 29 In point of power and revenue, such a deanery might be esteemed no inconsiderable promotion.

1785 G. Crabbe News-paper 19 Promotion's ladder who goes up or down.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. x. 602 In that period promotion depended solely on merit.

1896 Punch 4 Jan. 5/2 Permitted to retain his A.D.C.-ship after promotion from field-rank.

1956 ‘A. Burgess’ Time for Tiger xvi, in Malayan Trilogy 162 Promotion comes when one has proved one's ability.

2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 9 Aug. (Central ed.) b1/5 Cmdr. Sundel recently was denied promotion, effectively ending his career in the Navy's up-or-out system.

b. Chess. The exchange of a pawn for a more powerful piece when it reaches the opponent's end of the board. Cf. promote v. 1b.

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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > positions or status of pawns

pawn errantc1369

fers1474

passed pawn1777

queen1797

promotion1799

isolated pawn1842

pawn skeleton1915

hanging pawn1927

pawn chain1937

1799 P. Pratt Theory of Chess ii. 7 When a commoner has penetrated to the farthest rank on the adverse side of the board, he is rewarded with promotion to the highest vacant dignity.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 12 May 3/3 If a player..is forced..to the promotion which involves the loss of the game.

1904 H. J. R. Murray in Brit. Chess Mag. Dec. 466 [In Malay chess] a pawn may be promoted to the rank of any superior piece, but promotion takes place, not when the Pawn reaches the eighth line, but only after a further diagonal move.

1938 C. S. Kipping Chess Probl. Sci. I. 51 This was followed by six dis. checks..with a check key, and J. L. Millins showed that it could be done with a quiet key... Ua Tane, using White King diagonal battery and Pawn promotion key showed that six were possible.

1990 Littlewoods Catal. Spring–Summer 974 (caption) Grandmaster Sensory II Electronic Chess Game. Features..pawn promotion, en passant, long battery life.

c. Curling. The action of moving forward a stone by striking it with another. Cf. promote v. 1f.

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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > [noun] > actions

inwicking1823

outwicking1830

butting1831

inringing1831

guarding1897

promotion1897

takeout1927

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 261/1 A canny, or quiet, draw is expected from the lead, and it is better that his stone, when spent, should be short of the tee, where it is in the way of promotion.

1937 T. Henderson Lockerbie ix. 57 Ye're a graun' curler. That yin's in the wey o' promotion.

2003 Brockville Recorder & Times (Ont.) (Nexis) 14 Apr. b3 It just had to curl about two centimetres more and it would have been a promotion for three. But that's curling, sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't.

d. Cards (esp. Bridge). The action of enabling a relatively low card to win a trick; the securing of a trick by this means. Cf. promote v. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics

echo1862

signal1864

Vienna Coup1864

Peter1885

Bath coup1897

promotion1900

finesse1902

switch1921

false-carding1923

squeeze1926

squeeze play1926

suicide squeeze1931

pseudo-squeeze1932

throw-in1932

suit preference signal1934

underlead1934

psyching1938

ruff and discard1939

hold-up1945

upper cut1955

safety play1959

1900 Sunday Herald (Syracuse, N.Y.) 7 Jan. 19/4 The queen will be lost without any possible promotion of a card for West.

1945 ‘S. J. Simon’ Why you lose at Bridge 41 Another ‘frequently missed’ duck centres around the scientific sounding ‘Principle of Promotion’.

1959 Listener 31 Dec. 1178/2 The problem is to prevent North..from winning a second trump trick by promotion.

1964 R. L. Frey & A. F. Truscott Official Encycl. Bridge 633/2 Trump promotion, the creation of trump tricks through forcing the premature use of the trump cards of the opposition.

2005 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 11 Dec. 60 Bocchi and Greco in the East seats won with their kings and returned the suit. Ace of diamonds and a third diamond led to a trump promotion.

e. Sport (chiefly Association Football). The transfer of a team to a higher division on the basis of final position in a league table after a season's play. Opposed to relegation. Cf. promote v. 1d.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > league table > promotion or relegation

relegation1894

promotion1907

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > [noun] > league or division > promotion or relegation

relegation1894

promotion1907

1907 Times 15 Apr. 11/3 Notts Forest and Chelsea have now made themselves certain of promotion.

1965 New Statesman 30 Apr. 696/1 It would inject some urgency into the lives of those..teams who plod through the season without any real hope of promotion or fear of relegation.

1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. xix. 344 If you split the county championship into two divisions with promotion and relegation, you would immediately reintroduce the vital elements of competitiveness and challenge on which all sports and sportsmen thrive.

2006 Independent (Nexis) 27 Feb. 76 In only their fourth season in Scottish competition, they are hot favourites for promotion to the First Division.

f. Boxing. The organization or staging of a contest; a contest staged.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > bout or contest

boxing match1699

set-to1743

bruising-match1757

show-off1776

rally1805

turn-up1810

mill1812

spar1814

twista1849

wap1887

go1890

scrap1905

promotion1907

1907 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 6 Aug. Any promoter who intends to make any money on the promotion of the Gans-Britt fight and meets the Reno offer is indeed a game fellow.

1920 Times 12 Feb. 12/1 Mr. C. B. Cochran..did not confine his attention exclusively to the promotion of boxing contests.

1962 Listener 27 Sept. 466/2 The odd-looking circular building would be just the place for boxing promotions.

2006 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 7 Feb. 4 Mr De Lacy..became a regular at boxing promotions across the city.

g. Physics and Chemistry. The transfer of an electron from one orbital to another of higher energy within the same atom or molecule. Frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1928 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 32 194 Promotion of electrons. When a molecule..is formed from its atoms, some of the electrons of the separated atoms must evidently suffer an increase in their n values, in order to satisfy the demands of the Pauli principle.

1928 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 32 198 The higher energy of the 3s^p as compared with the 2s^s electrons, we shall define as the ‘energy of promotion’ of these electrons.

1965 J. R. Dyer Applic. Absorption Spectroscopy Org. Compounds ii. 5 The absorption of light energy by organic compounds in the visible and ultraviolet region involves promotion of electrons in σ, π, and n-orbitals from the ground state to higher-energy states.

1995 D. M. P. Mingos Essent. Inorg. Chem. 1 (1997) 16 Those [orbitals] which are empty but are accessible by electron promotion processes.

h. Prosody. The process through which a normally unstressed syllable assumes a beat to conform to the prevailing metrical pattern; an instance of this.

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the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > specific

rhetorical accent1728

suppression1751

recession1855

thought accent1897

stress maximum1908

fall-rise1921

promotion1956

paroxytonization1973

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > lowering or raising of normal stress

suppression1751

promotion1956

1956 S. Chatman in Kenyon Rev. 18 424 What I have called ‘metrical tension’ can conveniently be described as ‘promotions’ or ‘suppressions’ of the stress levels of normal non-verse speech under the pressures of the abstract metrical pattern.

1973 Word 1970 26 55 These examples, from Prator, illustrate suppression and promotion respectively.

1995 D. Attridge Poetic Rhythm 74 Promotion happens easily when the syllable in question is the middle one of three successive unstressed syllables.

i. Linguistics. In transformational grammar: the movement or raising of material from a lower to a higher position within a syntactical hierarchy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > change of word order or position > specific types of movement or transformation

cleft construction1937

wh-transformation1957

rank shift1961

rankshifting1965

fronting1966

pseudo-cleft1967

promotion1968

pseudo-clefting1970

tough movement1971

slifting1973

extraposing1976

1968 R. W. Langacker Lang. & its Struct. ii. v. 128 A permutation rule that we will call Not Promotion is an interesting example that accounts for a subtle type of ambiguity in negative sentences.

1973 P. Schachter in Language 49 19 The derivation of both constructions involves the promotion of material from an embedded into a matrix sentence.

1991 R. M. W. Dixon New Approach to Eng. Gram. x. 326 The most common tense choice for promotion to subject is ‘present’, with generic time reference, e.g. ‘That type of garment wears well’.

2005 Jrnl. Compar. Germanic Linguistics 8 229 Steinbach observes that the existence and the properties of impersonal middle constructions..pose a significant problem for raising analyses because the transitivity of impersonal middle constructions, which have been formed from intransitive verbs, does not follow from the two syntactic processes—argument suppression and argument promotion—assumed by raising analyses.

a. The action of helping forward; the fact or state of being helped forward; furtherance, advancement, encouragement. With of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > [noun]

furtheringc1000

advancementc1325

nourishingc1325

speedingc1400

promotion1425

vauncingc1426

furtherancec1440

expedition1445

preferment1454

further1526

profection1533

towardliness1553

maturation1584

comforting1605

forwarding1635

advance1642

promotement1661

forwardness1741

fosterage1816

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > promotion or help forward > [noun]

filsteOE

promotion1425

furtherancec1440

further1526

speeding1530

forwardness1591

lift1622

push1655

fartherance1785

leg up1871

1425 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 177 (MED) Ye shal no yift, meede..receyve nor admitte for promocioun, favoryng..or hynderyng of eny matere..to be treted.

1483 St. Albans Chron. sig. nviii^v To the quyete state of the chyrche: & to the promocion of the fayth.

a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 44 (MED) Of promocion of studies and of scoles.

1584 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 702 To the promotioun and furtherance of the gospell.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. Concl. 188 An Authentick discouragement to the promotion of the Arts and Sciences.

1725 T. Thomas in Portland Papers VI. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 100 There is a navigable river..which is a great promotion of the trade of the town.

1795 Family Lect. p. ix Sermons on Fast Days..might be very proper, as serving the temporary purposes of the state; but they were not particularly calculated for the promotion of faith and practice.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany III. 60 Institutions for the promotion of learning.

1862 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. vii. 233 The great agent in the promotion of civilization is the advancement of knowledge.

1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat p. xi Science may be defined as ‘the promotion of natural knowledge’..and its claim to be regarded as such is based largely on the method by which it searches for knowledge.

1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 161/1 La Leche literally means ‘the milk’ and the principal concern of LLLI is good mothering through the promotion of breast-feeding the world over.

2003 Tai Chi & Alternative Health 37 64/2 Here he gives us a rare insight into the world of Taoism and the Doin method for the promotion of physical and mental health.

b. The formation or setting-up of a joint-stock company or corporation. Cf. promoter n. 1c.Recorded earliest in promotion money n. at Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > specific operations or arrangements > promoting joint-stock company

promoting1465

joint-stockism1856

promotion1857

flotation1889

1857 Times 8 July 4/4 I repeat that I was not a promoter and that I did not participate in the promotion money.

1886 Law Times 80 310/1 The plaintiff..was interested in the promotion of the Georgia Gold Mines Company Limited.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 8 June 7/1 He had not personally reaped the benefit of some of his promotions.

1907 J. H. Clapham Woollen & Worsted Industries 152 After the outbreak of company promotion in the late nineties the number of spinning and manufacturing companies whose shares were quoted on the West Riding Stock Exchanges is comparatively small.

1954 Oxf. Econ. Papers 6 9 The violent outbursts of joint-stock company promotion in 1792, 1807, 1825, 1836, and 1845 cannot be explained entirely with reference to objective calculations of profit in the enterprises proposed.

c. The publicizing of a product, organization, or venture so as to increase sales or public awareness. Also: a publicity campaign; the activity of organizing publicity campaigns.

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society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > [noun]

advertisement1600

advertising1717

puffery1731

sandwiching1877

promotion1914

eye1924

promo1955

hidden persuasion1957

metamessage1960

shout line1990

1914 Wichita Daily Times (Wichita Falls, Texas) 18 Feb. 5 Local agents for the Magnolia Petroleum Co..were guests at a dinner Friday night. Besides helpful discussions and suggestions of sales promotions..those participating were pleasantly entertained.

1929 Frederick (Maryland) Post 18 Nov. 6/1 Mr. Rowland has been with the Chrysler organization for the past two years as Director of Sales Promotion.

1946 Liberty 25 May 24/3 Thus sugar syrup, a dash of flavoring, a bit of color, a squirt of carbonated water, and some adroit promotion is the formula for one of the truly big businesses of this hemisphere.

1969 Morning Star 20 Nov. 5 Heather..had to show a good knowledge of BEA as well as poise and charm. She will represent the airline in promotions and conferences.

1988 Indian Bookworm's Jrnl. Summer 3 Multi-sourcing is basically a sales promotion technique by which an ambitious sales director spreads his, or her, wares through more than one distribution point.

1996 This Month in Taiwan June 123 (advt.) Live Band Daily Around the Week Promotions! Darts, Pool Table.

2006 Guardian (Prince Edward Island) (Nexis) 21 Feb. c8 Stephen Colyer, author, artist manager and former head of promotion for CBS Records in the UK.

d. Chemistry. The action of promoting a catalytic reaction. Cf. promote v. 2e.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > processes or substances affecting reactions > promotion

promotion1923

1920 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 24 263 Such an example of auto-catalysis..is to be distinguished from simple auto-catalysis, in which a reactant or product has a direct catalytic effect on the reaction. Here the specific effect of the product is on the catalyst... From the point of view of promoter action such a term as ‘auto-activation’ or ‘auto-promotion’ would be more appropriate.]

1923 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 45 2513 In an attempt to outline..the mechanism of promotion, this paper will be devoted to a discussion of the factors involved in the accelerating effect of copper salts upon the iron-salt catalysis of hydrogen peroxide in acid solution.

1940 S. Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. xiii. 1128 1 per cent. of ceria gives the optimum promotion for the catalytic action of thoria on the combination of oxygen and hydrogen.

1968 E. K. Rideal Concepts in Catalysis v. 97 The V–O stretching frequency ν = 1025 cm⁻¹ is shifted to longer wavelengths by promoters such as alkaline sulphates, where the order of activity in promotion is Cs > Rb > K > Na.

1992 Biochemistry 31 429/1 The thermodynamics of factor XIII binding to fibrin II alone do not determine the potential for promotion of factor XIII activation.

e. Medicine. Stimulation of tumour growth; spec. stimulation of the proliferation of latent neoplastic cells as a stage of carcinogenesis that follows initiation by a carcinogen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > furtherance of

promotion1944

1944 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 80 121 Non-Specific Promotion.—It seems certain that many agents and influences which have no actual carcinogenicity will be found to stimulate the multiplication of latent neoplastic cells.

1964 Progress Exper. Tumor Res. 4 209 Cocarcinogenesis is not synonymous with tumor promotion, since promotion inherently denotes a specific step in the sequence of events leading to skin tumor formation.

1976 Brit. Jrnl. Cancer 34 660/1 The events related to tumor promotion are understood better since the isolation and chemical characterization of active promoting agents.

2004 Differentiation 72 381 The early events in the pathway leading from the first exposure to carcinogenic or mutagenic agents to a frank tumor are thought to involve a two-step process of tumor initiation and tumor promotion.

†3. Perhaps: a provocation; stirring of the mind. Cf. promove v. 3. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. AAAiiii^v Passions of ire, enuy, sclaunderous wordes or other promocions.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) iv. 134/1 They held..That nothing judgeth but by interior promotion, and the judgment of true and false consists of inward touch.

†4. The accusing or denouncing of offenders against the law. Cf. promote v. 6. Obsolete. N.E.D. (1908) comments that this quot. perhaps belongs at sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun]

wrayingc1000

information1387

promotion?1533

talebearing1571

delation1578

sycophancy1622

peachery1654

blowing the gap1821

nosing1827

peaching1859

rounding1862

squeal1872

scream1915

singing1937

snouting1937

dobbing1968

whistle-blowing1971

?1533 W. Tyndale Expos. Mathew vi. f. lxxxij Couetousnesse and promocion and soche like,..are that right hande and right eye that must be cut of and plucked out, that the hoale man peryshe not.

†5. An advance; progress made. Cf. promove v. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [noun]

progressionc1385

proceeding?c1425

progressc1443

proceedc1450

procession1585

gate1604

procedure1640

foreholda1642

process1642

promotion1649

sailing1827

sledding1839

on-go1870

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar i. 108 Whether it were truly or in appearance, in habit or in exercise of act.., it is certain the promotions of the holy Childe [Luke 2:52] were great, admirable, and as full of wonder as of sanctity.

Phrases

P1. to be on one's promotion: to conduct oneself with a view to promotion. Also colloquial: to conduct oneself with a view to marriage. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1833 F. Biddulph Let. 21 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (1985) I. 341 Emma is now a young Lady on her promotion, Matty Cotton is also turn'd loose a blazing meteor.

1836 Lett. from Madras (1843) i. 4 Several Irish girls apparently on their promotion.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xliv. 399 ‘I remember when you liked 'em though,’..‘That was when I was on my promotion, Goosey,’ she said.

1871 R. H. Horne in Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 473 At his house were met artists and artistes of various kinds, all ‘on their promotion’ and students in literature, poetry, and science.

1902 E. P. Thompson in Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 583 When the canonised saints have been worked out, he has recourse to those, as it were, ‘on their promotion’.

1929 Times 20 June 8/5 Hacks not exceeding 15 hands 2 in. make a good class. Mrs. Evelyn Rich's Black Mount, who was third at Bungay, is on her promotion.

P2. on promotion: †(a) on the way to promotion, on probation; (also colloquial) on trial as a prospective bride (obsolete); (b) at a reduced price or on special offer as part of a campaign to promote sales; cf. sense 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > on trial [phrase]

on (also upon) likinga1594

on promotion1852

on trial1888

1852 Littell's Living Age 18 Dec. 541/2 Let your bishops do nothing without hearing the counsel, not of their own palace spies and eaves droppers on promotion, but of the whole body of priests in their dioceses.

1886 H. Smart Outsider I. ii. 28 Accustomed to be welcomed with smiles, and even hawked at by young ladies on promotion.

1888 W. E. Henley Bk. Verses 4 A square, squat room (a cellar on promotion).

1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. ix. 177 Nesta knew she was on promotion, by her being led about and introduced to ladies.

1961 Chicago Daily Defender 21 Nov. 15/3 Beef prices are firm and are rising at retail, except on promotion.

1998 Grocer 1 Aug. 50/2 He said they will perceive it in two ways—quality brands.., and also-ran products which consumers feel have had their day and always seem to be on promotion.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.

promotion allowance n.

ΚΠ

1898 Engin. Mag. 16 32 The Edinburgh arbitrator took the actual cost of promotion as the test of the promotion allowance.

1935 Jrnl. of Business (Univ. Chicago) 8 200 No member of an industry or trade shall designate as an ‘advertising allowance’, ‘promotion allowance’ or similar term, any price reduction..given by him to any customer.

2002 Food Rev. (Nexis) 22 Mar. 24 Promotion allowances are concessions offered by manufacturers to entice retailers to stock specific branded products.

promotion campaign n.

ΚΠ

1925 Port Arthur (Texas) News 8 Oct. 2/1 Prominent speakers..will appear on the promotion campaign program at the First Congregational church tomorrow.

1992 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 128/1 An early promotion campaign offered a free roach clip with every paid subscription.

promotion-challenging adj.

ΚΠ

1972 Oxf. Mail 15 Feb. 12/6 Carlisle are in their customary promotion-challenging position.

2004 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 16 Nov. 46 We are performing like a promotion-challenging team both on and off the field.

promotion-chasing adj.

ΚΠ

1966 Times 7 Apr. 4/6 Portsmouth gave promotion-chasing Huddersfield Town an unpleasant shock.

2001 Sun 27 Jan. (Football section) 6/2 Promotion-chasing Reading are likely to name the same line-up which beat Bristol Rovers 1–0 at home a week ago.

promotion contender n.

ΚΠ

1978 Rugby World Apr. 19/1 At the time of writing they still had three matches left to play, including games against fellow promotion contenders Jedforest and Selkirk.

2005 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 14 Jan. 99 A slump which has seen Stourbridge fall from promotion contenders to also-rans notching up five losses and two draws in nine games.

promotion examination n.

ΚΠ

1877 Weekly Nevada State Jrnl. 30 June 5/4 There will be promotion examination of the following pupils, nearly all of whom are nine years old.

1897 Atlantic Monthly June 750/2 The promotion examination has been abolished, and its abandonment is a necessary first step to any more pliant plan of grading.

2004 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 2 July 37 The commission's recommendations for increased high-rise training, physical fitness standards and competitive promotion examinations make sense.

promotion expense n.

ΚΠ

1863 Times 15 Apr. 4/1 (advt.) No bonus is paid in any way for promotion expenses, and the sum to be paid for the estate includes all preliminary expenses.

1897 Bristol (Gloucestershire) Times & Mirror 29 May 8/6 Out of the purchase consideration the Vendor will pay the promotion expenses of the Company.

1914 Lima (Ohio) Daily News 14 Sept. 8/4 Latest European War Map Given by the Daily News to every reader presenting this coupon and 10 cents to cover promotion expenses.

1928 Lincoln (Nebraska) State Jrnl. 15 Nov. 11/1 No promotion expenses are involved in the sale of the new stock.

1999 Marketing Sci. 18 291 With lower promotion expenses and comparable sales, it appears likely that profitability improved.

promotion kit n.

ΚΠ

1955 Oshkosh (Wisconsin) Daily Northwestern 7 May 15/5 The fine promotion kit which has been lined up..for use in June will also be discussed.

2000 Advertising Age (Nexis) 20 Nov. 26 For those purveyors who purchase their lobster from a Maine supplier, the council provides a free promotion kit. It includes a full-color poster of Maine lobster.

promotion man n.

ΚΠ

1911 Los Angeles Times 9 Apr. i. 5/1 I am to be advanced to the positon [sic] of promotion man for the society.

1958 Spectator 25 July 138/1 Given a really good labour-saving idea, the British are not so reluctant to try it as many high-powered promotion men would have us believe.

2004 N.Y. Observer (Nexis) 19 July 21 The money was used for e-mail blasts, advertising, new artwork, direct mail and a new marketing and promotion man.

promotion money n.

ΚΠ

1857Promotion money [see sense 2b].

1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 July 6/1 The General Hydraulic Power Company... No promotion money is to be paid.

1923 Amer. Econ. Rev. 13 309 In many lines of merchandise, chain store executives feel it is better to spend promotion money on good locations than on advertising.

1931 Daily Gleaner (Kingston) 8 Apr. 6/6 No promoters' shares, promotion money or underwriting fees have been or will be paid to any persons.

1990 F. Dannen Hit Men (1991) i. 15 ‘Jesse’ is legendary as one of the most expensive singles of all time in the amount of indie promotion money spent on it.

promotion rival n.

ΚΠ

1927 Times 4 Feb. 7/4 The outstanding match in the Southern Section of the Third Division will be that between the promotion rivals, Swindon and Brighton and Hove Albion.

2005 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 16 Jan. 17 Swansea's hopes of catching their promotion rivals were hit after lowly Wycombe snatched a late draw.

promotion scheme n.

ΚΠ

1870 Littell's Living Age 11 June 669/2 Sell! with the shares rising steadily every day, and premiums on fresh promotion schemes coming in every month.

1958 New Statesman 26 Apr. 548/1 Some people seem to think that there is something bogus about these promotion schemes and that their cost would be better applied in making a permanent price reduction.

1992 Farmers Guardian 7 Aug. 2/8 Welsh companies often fight shy of dealing with the big multiples... But some of these organisations have regional sales promotion schemes, which can accommodate smaller scale supplies.

promotion-seeking adj.

ΚΠ

1854 Times 31 Oct. 8/5 The demands and importunities of the place-hunting, promotion-seeking, greedy, unpatriotic gang that besieged them the very instant they assumed office.

1969 Times 27 Mar. 2/7 Oxford..held the promotion-seeking London Second Division side to a surprise 1—1 draw.

1974 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 79 1037 How do class attitudes differ at various job levels, and how do such attitudes govern promotion-seeking activity?

2005 Times 11 Jan. 71 The new Brechin manager..will bring his second division promotion-seeking team to Edinburgh.

promotion stunt n.

ΚΠ

1924 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 20 Feb. 10/6 It is reported that the Michiganders are behind the promotion stunt.

1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. ii. 372 It was all fixed up about this guy who jumped out a window... It's something for a TV promotion stunt.

2002 Guardian (Nexis) 19 Sept. 2 The lucky reader in the magazine's promotion stunt will..have his or her body cryonically frozen.

C2.

promotion bar n. a notional barrier imposed to restrict a person's promotion above a certain level unless certain specified requirements are met.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading > notional barrier restricting

promotion bar1930

1930 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 93 267 If officials were to be psycho-analysed before their appointments and before reaching a promotion bar, life would not be worth living.

1973 C. Mullard Black Brit. ii. iv. 43 Besides overt racism employers operated a promotion bar.

2003 Miami Herald (Nexis) 18 Nov. 3 Removing math as a promotion bar means a student can move to the fourth grade without being able to tell time or solve many simple math problems.

promotion sheet n. now rare a record of an employee's service showing his or her claim to promotion or increased pay.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading > record of claim to

promotion sheet1909

1909 Daily Chron. 23 Mar. 1/4 The manipulation of their promotion sheets, with the object of postponing the payment of justly earned increased salaries, was one of the grievances of the strikers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	promotion
释义	promotionn. Brit. /prəˈməʊʃn/, U.S. /prəˈmoʊʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English promocione, late Middle English promocioun, late Middle English promocon, late Middle English promocyone, late Middle English promotioun, late Middle English–1500s promocyon, late Middle English–1600s promocion, late Middle English– promotion; Scottish pre-1700 premocione, pre-1700 premotioun, pre-1700 promocion, pre-1700 promocione, pre-1700 promocioun, pre-1700 promocioune, pre-1700 promotione, pre-1700 promotioun, pre-1700 promotioune, pre-1700 promotyon, pre-1700 1700s– promotion. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French promocione, promotion; Latin prōmōtiōn-, prōmōtiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman promocione, promociouon, promosion, promossion, Anglo-Norman and Middle French promocion, promotion (French promotion ) allegation (a1327 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), advancement in rank or position (c1350), influence, support (a1412 or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin prōmōtiōn-, prōmōtiō advancement to office, in post-classical Latin also ecclesiastical preferment (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian; frequently c1125–1559 in British sources), action of proceeding, progress (4th cent.), furtherance (frequently c1210–1422 in British sources), advancement to a university degree (1473 in a British source) < prōmōt- , past participial stem of prōmovēre promote v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan promotio (1368), Spanish promoción (16th cent.), Italian promozione (a1342). 1. a. Advancement in rank or position; preferment. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading advancementc1325 promotion?a1425 promoving1496 motion1641 lift1711 upgrading1920 bump1949 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > rise in prosperity, power, or rank > advancement or promotion of a person furtheringc1000 vancement1303 advancementc1325 promotion?a1425 vauncingc1426 advance1440 furtherancec1440 preference1456 prefermentc1465 forwardness1591 preferency1602 motion1641 promoval1653 ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 107 (MED) Seeknes..or pouert or ony promocioun of staat in þe world..ben ful scharpe þornes. 1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 344/2 Item, that none of the seide Lordes..shal receyve..any yeft..for promotion or fortheryng of any persone to Office or Benefice. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 112 He, aftir his promocion, was ful onkind onto þe Cherch. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxxvii. 511 With his promocyon of popalyte the romayns were apeased. 1540 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 119 I give to Dorithe and Anne my doughters xl li, to be equallye devyded betwixte them towarde ther mariadge or other promocion. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L.3^v In whome doth the patronage, right, and gisture of these ecclesiastical promotions, and benefices consist? 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. ii. 22 The high promotion of his Grace of Canterbury, Who holds his State at dore 'mongst Purseuants, Pages, and Foot-boyes. View more context for this quotation 1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 81 Disgusted that he was not in the late promotion made a marshall of France. 1751 Earl of Orrery Remarks Swift (1752) 29 In point of power and revenue, such a deanery might be esteemed no inconsiderable promotion. 1785 G. Crabbe News-paper 19 Promotion's ladder who goes up or down. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. x. 602 In that period promotion depended solely on merit. 1896 Punch 4 Jan. 5/2 Permitted to retain his A.D.C.-ship after promotion from field-rank. 1956 ‘A. Burgess’ Time for Tiger xvi, in Malayan Trilogy 162 Promotion comes when one has proved one's ability. 2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 9 Aug. (Central ed.) b1/5 Cmdr. Sundel recently was denied promotion, effectively ending his career in the Navy's up-or-out system. b. Chess. The exchange of a pawn for a more powerful piece when it reaches the opponent's end of the board. Cf. promote v. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > positions or status of pawns pawn errantc1369 fers1474 passed pawn1777 queen1797 promotion1799 isolated pawn1842 pawn skeleton1915 hanging pawn1927 pawn chain1937 1799 P. Pratt Theory of Chess ii. 7 When a commoner has penetrated to the farthest rank on the adverse side of the board, he is rewarded with promotion to the highest vacant dignity. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 12 May 3/3 If a player..is forced..to the promotion which involves the loss of the game. 1904 H. J. R. Murray in Brit. Chess Mag. Dec. 466 [In Malay chess] a pawn may be promoted to the rank of any superior piece, but promotion takes place, not when the Pawn reaches the eighth line, but only after a further diagonal move. 1938 C. S. Kipping Chess Probl. Sci. I. 51 This was followed by six dis. checks..with a check key, and J. L. Millins showed that it could be done with a quiet key... Ua Tane, using White King diagonal battery and Pawn promotion key showed that six were possible. 1990 Littlewoods Catal. Spring–Summer 974 (caption) Grandmaster Sensory II Electronic Chess Game. Features..pawn promotion, en passant, long battery life. c. Curling. The action of moving forward a stone by striking it with another. Cf. promote v. 1f. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > [noun] > actions inwicking1823 outwicking1830 butting1831 inringing1831 guarding1897 promotion1897 takeout1927 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 261/1 A canny, or quiet, draw is expected from the lead, and it is better that his stone, when spent, should be short of the tee, where it is in the way of promotion. 1937 T. Henderson Lockerbie ix. 57 Ye're a graun' curler. That yin's in the wey o' promotion. 2003 Brockville Recorder & Times (Ont.) (Nexis) 14 Apr. b3 It just had to curl about two centimetres more and it would have been a promotion for three. But that's curling, sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't. d. Cards (esp. Bridge). The action of enabling a relatively low card to win a trick; the securing of a trick by this means. Cf. promote v. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics echo1862 signal1864 Vienna Coup1864 Peter1885 Bath coup1897 promotion1900 finesse1902 switch1921 false-carding1923 squeeze1926 squeeze play1926 suicide squeeze1931 pseudo-squeeze1932 throw-in1932 suit preference signal1934 underlead1934 psyching1938 ruff and discard1939 hold-up1945 upper cut1955 safety play1959 1900 Sunday Herald (Syracuse, N.Y.) 7 Jan. 19/4 The queen will be lost without any possible promotion of a card for West. 1945 ‘S. J. Simon’ Why you lose at Bridge 41 Another ‘frequently missed’ duck centres around the scientific sounding ‘Principle of Promotion’. 1959 Listener 31 Dec. 1178/2 The problem is to prevent North..from winning a second trump trick by promotion. 1964 R. L. Frey & A. F. Truscott Official Encycl. Bridge 633/2 Trump promotion, the creation of trump tricks through forcing the premature use of the trump cards of the opposition. 2005 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 11 Dec. 60 Bocchi and Greco in the East seats won with their kings and returned the suit. Ace of diamonds and a third diamond led to a trump promotion. e. Sport (chiefly Association Football). The transfer of a team to a higher division on the basis of final position in a league table after a season's play. Opposed to relegation. Cf. promote v. 1d. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > league table > promotion or relegation relegation1894 promotion1907 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > [noun] > league or division > promotion or relegation relegation1894 promotion1907 1907 Times 15 Apr. 11/3 Notts Forest and Chelsea have now made themselves certain of promotion. 1965 New Statesman 30 Apr. 696/1 It would inject some urgency into the lives of those..teams who plod through the season without any real hope of promotion or fear of relegation. 1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. xix. 344 If you split the county championship into two divisions with promotion and relegation, you would immediately reintroduce the vital elements of competitiveness and challenge on which all sports and sportsmen thrive. 2006 Independent (Nexis) 27 Feb. 76 In only their fourth season in Scottish competition, they are hot favourites for promotion to the First Division. f. Boxing. The organization or staging of a contest; a contest staged. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > bout or contest boxing match1699 set-to1743 bruising-match1757 show-off1776 rally1805 turn-up1810 mill1812 spar1814 twista1849 wap1887 go1890 scrap1905 promotion1907 1907 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 6 Aug. Any promoter who intends to make any money on the promotion of the Gans-Britt fight and meets the Reno offer is indeed a game fellow. 1920 Times 12 Feb. 12/1 Mr. C. B. Cochran..did not confine his attention exclusively to the promotion of boxing contests. 1962 Listener 27 Sept. 466/2 The odd-looking circular building would be just the place for boxing promotions. 2006 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 7 Feb. 4 Mr De Lacy..became a regular at boxing promotions across the city. g. Physics and Chemistry. The transfer of an electron from one orbital to another of higher energy within the same atom or molecule. Frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1928 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 32 194 Promotion of electrons. When a molecule..is formed from its atoms, some of the electrons of the separated atoms must evidently suffer an increase in their n values, in order to satisfy the demands of the Pauli principle. 1928 R. S. Mulliken in Physical Rev. 32 198 The higher energy of the 3s^p as compared with the 2s^s electrons, we shall define as the ‘energy of promotion’ of these electrons. 1965 J. R. Dyer Applic. Absorption Spectroscopy Org. Compounds ii. 5 The absorption of light energy by organic compounds in the visible and ultraviolet region involves promotion of electrons in σ, π, and n-orbitals from the ground state to higher-energy states. 1995 D. M. P. Mingos Essent. Inorg. Chem. 1 (1997) 16 Those [orbitals] which are empty but are accessible by electron promotion processes. h. Prosody. The process through which a normally unstressed syllable assumes a beat to conform to the prevailing metrical pattern; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > specific rhetorical accent1728 suppression1751 recession1855 thought accent1897 stress maximum1908 fall-rise1921 promotion1956 paroxytonization1973 society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > lowering or raising of normal stress suppression1751 promotion1956 1956 S. Chatman in Kenyon Rev. 18 424 What I have called ‘metrical tension’ can conveniently be described as ‘promotions’ or ‘suppressions’ of the stress levels of normal non-verse speech under the pressures of the abstract metrical pattern. 1973 Word 1970 26 55 These examples, from Prator, illustrate suppression and promotion respectively. 1995 D. Attridge Poetic Rhythm 74 Promotion happens easily when the syllable in question is the middle one of three successive unstressed syllables. i. Linguistics. In transformational grammar: the movement or raising of material from a lower to a higher position within a syntactical hierarchy. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > change of word order or position > specific types of movement or transformation cleft construction1937 wh-transformation1957 rank shift1961 rankshifting1965 fronting1966 pseudo-cleft1967 promotion1968 pseudo-clefting1970 tough movement1971 slifting1973 extraposing1976 1968 R. W. Langacker Lang. & its Struct. ii. v. 128 A permutation rule that we will call Not Promotion is an interesting example that accounts for a subtle type of ambiguity in negative sentences. 1973 P. Schachter in Language 49 19 The derivation of both constructions involves the promotion of material from an embedded into a matrix sentence. 1991 R. M. W. Dixon New Approach to Eng. Gram. x. 326 The most common tense choice for promotion to subject is ‘present’, with generic time reference, e.g. ‘That type of garment wears well’. 2005 Jrnl. Compar. Germanic Linguistics 8 229 Steinbach observes that the existence and the properties of impersonal middle constructions..pose a significant problem for raising analyses because the transitivity of impersonal middle constructions, which have been formed from intransitive verbs, does not follow from the two syntactic processes—argument suppression and argument promotion—assumed by raising analyses. 2. a. The action of helping forward; the fact or state of being helped forward; furtherance, advancement, encouragement. With of. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > [noun] furtheringc1000 advancementc1325 nourishingc1325 speedingc1400 promotion1425 vauncingc1426 furtherancec1440 expedition1445 preferment1454 further1526 profection1533 towardliness1553 maturation1584 comforting1605 forwarding1635 advance1642 promotement1661 forwardness1741 fosterage1816 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > promotion or help forward > [noun] filsteOE promotion1425 furtherancec1440 further1526 speeding1530 forwardness1591 lift1622 push1655 fartherance1785 leg up1871 1425 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 177 (MED) Ye shal no yift, meede..receyve nor admitte for promocioun, favoryng..or hynderyng of eny matere..to be treted. 1483 St. Albans Chron. sig. nviii^v To the quyete state of the chyrche: & to the promocion of the fayth. a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 44 (MED) Of promocion of studies and of scoles. 1584 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 702 To the promotioun and furtherance of the gospell. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. Concl. 188 An Authentick discouragement to the promotion of the Arts and Sciences. 1725 T. Thomas in Portland Papers VI. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 100 There is a navigable river..which is a great promotion of the trade of the town. 1795 Family Lect. p. ix Sermons on Fast Days..might be very proper, as serving the temporary purposes of the state; but they were not particularly calculated for the promotion of faith and practice. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany III. 60 Institutions for the promotion of learning. 1862 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. vii. 233 The great agent in the promotion of civilization is the advancement of knowledge. 1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat p. xi Science may be defined as ‘the promotion of natural knowledge’..and its claim to be regarded as such is based largely on the method by which it searches for knowledge. 1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 161/1 La Leche literally means ‘the milk’ and the principal concern of LLLI is good mothering through the promotion of breast-feeding the world over. 2003 Tai Chi & Alternative Health 37 64/2 Here he gives us a rare insight into the world of Taoism and the Doin method for the promotion of physical and mental health. b. The formation or setting-up of a joint-stock company or corporation. Cf. promoter n. 1c.Recorded earliest in promotion money n. at Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > specific operations or arrangements > promoting joint-stock company promoting1465 joint-stockism1856 promotion1857 flotation1889 1857 Times 8 July 4/4 I repeat that I was not a promoter and that I did not participate in the promotion money. 1886 Law Times 80 310/1 The plaintiff..was interested in the promotion of the Georgia Gold Mines Company Limited. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 8 June 7/1 He had not personally reaped the benefit of some of his promotions. 1907 J. H. Clapham Woollen & Worsted Industries 152 After the outbreak of company promotion in the late nineties the number of spinning and manufacturing companies whose shares were quoted on the West Riding Stock Exchanges is comparatively small. 1954 Oxf. Econ. Papers 6 9 The violent outbursts of joint-stock company promotion in 1792, 1807, 1825, 1836, and 1845 cannot be explained entirely with reference to objective calculations of profit in the enterprises proposed. c. The publicizing of a product, organization, or venture so as to increase sales or public awareness. Also: a publicity campaign; the activity of organizing publicity campaigns. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > [noun] advertisement1600 advertising1717 puffery1731 sandwiching1877 promotion1914 eye1924 promo1955 hidden persuasion1957 metamessage1960 shout line1990 1914 Wichita Daily Times (Wichita Falls, Texas) 18 Feb. 5 Local agents for the Magnolia Petroleum Co..were guests at a dinner Friday night. Besides helpful discussions and suggestions of sales promotions..those participating were pleasantly entertained. 1929 Frederick (Maryland) Post 18 Nov. 6/1 Mr. Rowland has been with the Chrysler organization for the past two years as Director of Sales Promotion. 1946 Liberty 25 May 24/3 Thus sugar syrup, a dash of flavoring, a bit of color, a squirt of carbonated water, and some adroit promotion is the formula for one of the truly big businesses of this hemisphere. 1969 Morning Star 20 Nov. 5 Heather..had to show a good knowledge of BEA as well as poise and charm. She will represent the airline in promotions and conferences. 1988 Indian Bookworm's Jrnl. Summer 3 Multi-sourcing is basically a sales promotion technique by which an ambitious sales director spreads his, or her, wares through more than one distribution point. 1996 This Month in Taiwan June 123 (advt.) Live Band Daily Around the Week Promotions! Darts, Pool Table. 2006 Guardian (Prince Edward Island) (Nexis) 21 Feb. c8 Stephen Colyer, author, artist manager and former head of promotion for CBS Records in the UK. d. Chemistry. The action of promoting a catalytic reaction. Cf. promote v. 2e. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > processes or substances affecting reactions > promotion promotion1923 1920 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 24 263 Such an example of auto-catalysis..is to be distinguished from simple auto-catalysis, in which a reactant or product has a direct catalytic effect on the reaction. Here the specific effect of the product is on the catalyst... From the point of view of promoter action such a term as ‘auto-activation’ or ‘auto-promotion’ would be more appropriate.] 1923 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 45 2513 In an attempt to outline..the mechanism of promotion, this paper will be devoted to a discussion of the factors involved in the accelerating effect of copper salts upon the iron-salt catalysis of hydrogen peroxide in acid solution. 1940 S. Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. xiii. 1128 1 per cent. of ceria gives the optimum promotion for the catalytic action of thoria on the combination of oxygen and hydrogen. 1968 E. K. Rideal Concepts in Catalysis v. 97 The V–O stretching frequency ν = 1025 cm⁻¹ is shifted to longer wavelengths by promoters such as alkaline sulphates, where the order of activity in promotion is Cs > Rb > K > Na. 1992 Biochemistry 31 429/1 The thermodynamics of factor XIII binding to fibrin II alone do not determine the potential for promotion of factor XIII activation. e. Medicine. Stimulation of tumour growth; spec. stimulation of the proliferation of latent neoplastic cells as a stage of carcinogenesis that follows initiation by a carcinogen. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > furtherance of promotion1944 1944 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 80 121 Non-Specific Promotion.—It seems certain that many agents and influences which have no actual carcinogenicity will be found to stimulate the multiplication of latent neoplastic cells. 1964 Progress Exper. Tumor Res. 4 209 Cocarcinogenesis is not synonymous with tumor promotion, since promotion inherently denotes a specific step in the sequence of events leading to skin tumor formation. 1976 Brit. Jrnl. Cancer 34 660/1 The events related to tumor promotion are understood better since the isolation and chemical characterization of active promoting agents. 2004 Differentiation 72 381 The early events in the pathway leading from the first exposure to carcinogenic or mutagenic agents to a frank tumor are thought to involve a two-step process of tumor initiation and tumor promotion. †3. Perhaps: a provocation; stirring of the mind. Cf. promove v. 3. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. AAAiiii^v Passions of ire, enuy, sclaunderous wordes or other promocions. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) iv. 134/1 They held..That nothing judgeth but by interior promotion, and the judgment of true and false consists of inward touch. †4. The accusing or denouncing of offenders against the law. Cf. promote v. 6. Obsolete. N.E.D. (1908) comments that this quot. perhaps belongs at sense 1. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] wrayingc1000 information1387 promotion?1533 talebearing1571 delation1578 sycophancy1622 peachery1654 blowing the gap1821 nosing1827 peaching1859 rounding1862 squeal1872 scream1915 singing1937 snouting1937 dobbing1968 whistle-blowing1971 ?1533 W. Tyndale Expos. Mathew vi. f. lxxxij Couetousnesse and promocion and soche like,..are that right hande and right eye that must be cut of and plucked out, that the hoale man peryshe not. †5. An advance; progress made. Cf. promove v. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [noun] progressionc1385 proceeding?c1425 progressc1443 proceedc1450 procession1585 gate1604 procedure1640 foreholda1642 process1642 promotion1649 sailing1827 sledding1839 on-go1870 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar i. 108 Whether it were truly or in appearance, in habit or in exercise of act.., it is certain the promotions of the holy Childe [Luke 2:52] were great, admirable, and as full of wonder as of sanctity. Phrases P1. to be on one's promotion: to conduct oneself with a view to promotion. Also colloquial: to conduct oneself with a view to marriage. Now rare. ΚΠ 1833 F. Biddulph Let. 21 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (1985) I. 341 Emma is now a young Lady on her promotion, Matty Cotton is also turn'd loose a blazing meteor. 1836 Lett. from Madras (1843) i. 4 Several Irish girls apparently on their promotion. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xliv. 399 ‘I remember when you liked 'em though,’..‘That was when I was on my promotion, Goosey,’ she said. 1871 R. H. Horne in Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 473 At his house were met artists and artistes of various kinds, all ‘on their promotion’ and students in literature, poetry, and science. 1902 E. P. Thompson in Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 583 When the canonised saints have been worked out, he has recourse to those, as it were, ‘on their promotion’. 1929 Times 20 June 8/5 Hacks not exceeding 15 hands 2 in. make a good class. Mrs. Evelyn Rich's Black Mount, who was third at Bungay, is on her promotion. P2. on promotion: †(a) on the way to promotion, on probation; (also colloquial) on trial as a prospective bride (obsolete); (b) at a reduced price or on special offer as part of a campaign to promote sales; cf. sense 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > on trial [phrase] on (also upon) likinga1594 on promotion1852 on trial1888 1852 Littell's Living Age 18 Dec. 541/2 Let your bishops do nothing without hearing the counsel, not of their own palace spies and eaves droppers on promotion, but of the whole body of priests in their dioceses. 1886 H. Smart Outsider I. ii. 28 Accustomed to be welcomed with smiles, and even hawked at by young ladies on promotion. 1888 W. E. Henley Bk. Verses 4 A square, squat room (a cellar on promotion). 1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. ix. 177 Nesta knew she was on promotion, by her being led about and introduced to ladies. 1961 Chicago Daily Defender 21 Nov. 15/3 Beef prices are firm and are rising at retail, except on promotion. 1998 Grocer 1 Aug. 50/2 He said they will perceive it in two ways—quality brands.., and also-ran products which consumers feel have had their day and always seem to be on promotion. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective. promotion allowance n. ΚΠ 1898 Engin. Mag. 16 32 The Edinburgh arbitrator took the actual cost of promotion as the test of the promotion allowance. 1935 Jrnl. of Business (Univ. Chicago) 8 200 No member of an industry or trade shall designate as an ‘advertising allowance’, ‘promotion allowance’ or similar term, any price reduction..given by him to any customer. 2002 Food Rev. (Nexis) 22 Mar. 24 Promotion allowances are concessions offered by manufacturers to entice retailers to stock specific branded products. promotion campaign n. ΚΠ 1925 Port Arthur (Texas) News 8 Oct. 2/1 Prominent speakers..will appear on the promotion campaign program at the First Congregational church tomorrow. 1992 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 128/1 An early promotion campaign offered a free roach clip with every paid subscription. promotion-challenging adj. ΚΠ 1972 Oxf. Mail 15 Feb. 12/6 Carlisle are in their customary promotion-challenging position. 2004 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 16 Nov. 46 We are performing like a promotion-challenging team both on and off the field. promotion-chasing adj. ΚΠ 1966 Times 7 Apr. 4/6 Portsmouth gave promotion-chasing Huddersfield Town an unpleasant shock. 2001 Sun 27 Jan. (Football section) 6/2 Promotion-chasing Reading are likely to name the same line-up which beat Bristol Rovers 1–0 at home a week ago. promotion contender n. ΚΠ 1978 Rugby World Apr. 19/1 At the time of writing they still had three matches left to play, including games against fellow promotion contenders Jedforest and Selkirk. 2005 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 14 Jan. 99 A slump which has seen Stourbridge fall from promotion contenders to also-rans notching up five losses and two draws in nine games. promotion examination n. ΚΠ 1877 Weekly Nevada State Jrnl. 30 June 5/4 There will be promotion examination of the following pupils, nearly all of whom are nine years old. 1897 Atlantic Monthly June 750/2 The promotion examination has been abolished, and its abandonment is a necessary first step to any more pliant plan of grading. 2004 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 2 July 37 The commission's recommendations for increased high-rise training, physical fitness standards and competitive promotion examinations make sense. promotion expense n. ΚΠ 1863 Times 15 Apr. 4/1 (advt.) No bonus is paid in any way for promotion expenses, and the sum to be paid for the estate includes all preliminary expenses. 1897 Bristol (Gloucestershire) Times & Mirror 29 May 8/6 Out of the purchase consideration the Vendor will pay the promotion expenses of the Company. 1914 Lima (Ohio) Daily News 14 Sept. 8/4 Latest European War Map Given by the Daily News to every reader presenting this coupon and 10 cents to cover promotion expenses. 1928 Lincoln (Nebraska) State Jrnl. 15 Nov. 11/1 No promotion expenses are involved in the sale of the new stock. 1999 Marketing Sci. 18 291 With lower promotion expenses and comparable sales, it appears likely that profitability improved. promotion kit n. ΚΠ 1955 Oshkosh (Wisconsin) Daily Northwestern 7 May 15/5 The fine promotion kit which has been lined up..for use in June will also be discussed. 2000 Advertising Age (Nexis) 20 Nov. 26 For those purveyors who purchase their lobster from a Maine supplier, the council provides a free promotion kit. It includes a full-color poster of Maine lobster. promotion man n. ΚΠ 1911 Los Angeles Times 9 Apr. i. 5/1 I am to be advanced to the positon [sic] of promotion man for the society. 1958 Spectator 25 July 138/1 Given a really good labour-saving idea, the British are not so reluctant to try it as many high-powered promotion men would have us believe. 2004 N.Y. Observer (Nexis) 19 July 21 The money was used for e-mail blasts, advertising, new artwork, direct mail and a new marketing and promotion man. promotion money n. ΚΠ 1857Promotion money [see sense 2b]. 1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 July 6/1 The General Hydraulic Power Company... No promotion money is to be paid. 1923 Amer. Econ. Rev. 13 309 In many lines of merchandise, chain store executives feel it is better to spend promotion money on good locations than on advertising. 1931 Daily Gleaner (Kingston) 8 Apr. 6/6 No promoters' shares, promotion money or underwriting fees have been or will be paid to any persons. 1990 F. Dannen Hit Men (1991) i. 15 ‘Jesse’ is legendary as one of the most expensive singles of all time in the amount of indie promotion money spent on it. promotion rival n. ΚΠ 1927 Times 4 Feb. 7/4 The outstanding match in the Southern Section of the Third Division will be that between the promotion rivals, Swindon and Brighton and Hove Albion. 2005 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 16 Jan. 17 Swansea's hopes of catching their promotion rivals were hit after lowly Wycombe snatched a late draw. promotion scheme n. ΚΠ 1870 Littell's Living Age 11 June 669/2 Sell! with the shares rising steadily every day, and premiums on fresh promotion schemes coming in every month. 1958 New Statesman 26 Apr. 548/1 Some people seem to think that there is something bogus about these promotion schemes and that their cost would be better applied in making a permanent price reduction. 1992 Farmers Guardian 7 Aug. 2/8 Welsh companies often fight shy of dealing with the big multiples... But some of these organisations have regional sales promotion schemes, which can accommodate smaller scale supplies. promotion-seeking adj. ΚΠ 1854 Times 31 Oct. 8/5 The demands and importunities of the place-hunting, promotion-seeking, greedy, unpatriotic gang that besieged them the very instant they assumed office. 1969 Times 27 Mar. 2/7 Oxford..held the promotion-seeking London Second Division side to a surprise 1—1 draw. 1974 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 79 1037 How do class attitudes differ at various job levels, and how do such attitudes govern promotion-seeking activity? 2005 Times 11 Jan. 71 The new Brechin manager..will bring his second division promotion-seeking team to Edinburgh. promotion stunt n. ΚΠ 1924 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 20 Feb. 10/6 It is reported that the Michiganders are behind the promotion stunt. 1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. ii. 372 It was all fixed up about this guy who jumped out a window... It's something for a TV promotion stunt. 2002 Guardian (Nexis) 19 Sept. 2 The lucky reader in the magazine's promotion stunt will..have his or her body cryonically frozen. C2. promotion bar n. a notional barrier imposed to restrict a person's promotion above a certain level unless certain specified requirements are met. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading > notional barrier restricting promotion bar1930 1930 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 93 267 If officials were to be psycho-analysed before their appointments and before reaching a promotion bar, life would not be worth living. 1973 C. Mullard Black Brit. ii. iv. 43 Besides overt racism employers operated a promotion bar. 2003 Miami Herald (Nexis) 18 Nov. 3 Removing math as a promotion bar means a student can move to the fourth grade without being able to tell time or solve many simple math problems. promotion sheet n. now rare a record of an employee's service showing his or her claim to promotion or increased pay. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading > record of claim to promotion sheet1909 1909 Daily Chron. 23 Mar. 1/4 The manipulation of their promotion sheets, with the object of postponing the payment of justly earned increased salaries, was one of the grievances of the strikers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
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