procreationn.

Brit.

/ˌprəʊkrɪˈeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌproʊkriˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English procreacioun, Middle English–1500s procreacion, Middle English– procreation; Scottish pre-1700 procreacion, pre-1700 procreacoun, pre-1700 procreatione, pre-1700 procreatioun, pre-1700 1700s– procreation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French procreation; Latin prōcreātiōn-, prōcreātiō.

Etymology: < Middle French procreacion, procreation (French procréation ) action of procreating (c1213 in Old French) and its etymon classical Latin prōcreātiōn-, prōcreātiō action of procreating, action of generation, in post-classical Latin also offspring, fruits (Vetus Latina) < prōcreāt- , past participial stem of prōcreāre procreate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan procreatio, Spanish procreación (15th cent.), Italian procreazione (a1470).

1. The action of procreating; reproduction, generation, propagation of species; the fact of being begotten.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun]

i-streonc893

strainc950

akennessOE

spreadingOE

upspringc1000

akenningOE

akennednessOE

strainc1175

streningc1230

begetc1330

begettingc1330

engendrurec1350

generationa1382

gettinga1382

genderingc1384

multiplicationa1387

increase1390

prolificationa1393

procreationc1395

engenderinga1400

gendrure?a1400

engendure?a1425

progeniturec1429

propagation?1440

teemingc1450

breeda1500

geniturea1500

engenderment1507

progeneration1548

fathering1549

engender1556

race1561

multiplying1599

pullulation1641

progermination1648

reproduction1713

face-making1785

baby-making1827

begettal1864

fertility1866

c1395 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 1448 Take hym a wyf..By cause of leueful procreacioun Of children.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1576 (MED) Whi þou schalt with hire dele..Þe firste cause, procreacioun Of children is.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccvii. f. cxxviii Of this Wyllyams procreacion it is wytnessed of Uyncent Hystoryall & other.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Matrimonie f. xiii* The causes for the whiche matrimonie was ordeined. One cause was the procreacion of children.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 4 Twin'd Brothers..Whose procreation, residence, and birth, Scarse is diuidant.

1682 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies 22 The parts..minister either to nutrition, for the conservation of the Individual; or to Procreation, for the conservation of the Species.

1730 H. Fielding Author's Farce Epil. Gallants, you seem to think this Transformation As strange as was the Rabit's Procreation.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. vii. 114 As the word heirs is necessary to create a fee, so..the word body, or some other words of procreation, are necessary to make it a fee-tail.

1833 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 34 236 Slavery is inimicable to the procreation of children.

a1869 G. Suckley in E. Coues Birds of Northwest (1874) 11 The indispensable union of a pair for the purpose of procreation.

1923 M. C. Stopes Contraception iii. 39 The type of woman who..has acquired the view that all sex union after the procreation of the desired number of children has been accomplished, is wrong.

1959 A. Yarmolinsky Turgenev v. 37 Her maternal absorption in Ivan leads her to a flat denial of any intrusive paternity as far as his procreation was concerned.

2003 Daily Tel. 16 Apr. 5/7 Britain's leading pearl mussel experts met yesterday to discuss how to improve the mollusc's chances of procreation.

2. That which is procreated; offspring, progeny. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] > offspring

seedOE

offspringOE

begottena1325

birtha1325

issuea1325

burgeoninga1340

fruit of the loinsa1340

young onec1384

increasement1389

geta1400

gendera1425

procreation1461

progeniturec1487

engendera1500

propagation1536

feture1537

increase1552

breed1574

spawn1590

bowela1593

teeming1599

pullulation1641

prolifications1646

educt1677

produce1823

1461 in W. A. Littledale Coll. Misc. Grants & Exempl. Arms (1926) ii. 192 (MED) The whiche signe and armes to have, use, & hold unto the said Wm Swayne & to the issue & procreation of his boddy.

1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 12 To the intente that his maiestie..might haue issue and procreation for the..suretie of this his realme.

1563 R. Reynolds Foundacion of Rhetorike f. 54^v The posteritee of men, in their offspring and procreacion, doe aboundantlie commonstrate thesame.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xxvii. 183 No lesse monstrous then those deformed procreations, and naturally deformed Animals.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 131 The Procreation, or Children of a Common~wealth, are those we call Plantations, or Colonies.

1998 Connecticut Law Tribune (Nexis) 23 Mar. Now serving my incarceration, I'll get to know my procreation, I didn't meet his daily need, but mine he'll meet, he is my seed.

3. figurative and in extended use: origination, production, natural formation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production

generationa1382

engenderinga1400

outbearinga1425

productionc1450

produce1562

prolation1577

procreation1578

generating1579

edition1605

producement1613

elaboration1617

flowering1634

pullulation1641

factory1664

development1794

output1841

output1887

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 6^v For the procreation of Sutures.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe (title page) The Description and first Procreation and Increase of the towne of Great Yarmouth in Norffolke.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xix. 127 The procreation of peace..is the end of warre.

1671 J. Webster Metallographia iv. 74 In the procreation of Metals some Sulphureous matter doth intervene.

1747 J. Cunningham Love in Mist 11 I walk here, Sir, for the Recreation of my Legs, and the Procreation of my Appetite.

1874 Times 6 Dec. 11/1 The fact of a man being a promoter of a company—doing acts which..assisted in its procreation.

1991 Jrnl. Royal Musical Assoc. 116 294 Christianity uprooted the mythos, robbing it of its virility and rendering it incapable of procreation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	procreation
释义	procreationn. Brit. /ˌprəʊkrɪˈeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌproʊkriˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English procreacioun, Middle English–1500s procreacion, Middle English– procreation; Scottish pre-1700 procreacion, pre-1700 procreacoun, pre-1700 procreatione, pre-1700 procreatioun, pre-1700 1700s– procreation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French procreation; Latin prōcreātiōn-, prōcreātiō. Etymology: < Middle French procreacion, procreation (French procréation ) action of procreating (c1213 in Old French) and its etymon classical Latin prōcreātiōn-, prōcreātiō action of procreating, action of generation, in post-classical Latin also offspring, fruits (Vetus Latina) < prōcreāt- , past participial stem of prōcreāre procreate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan procreatio, Spanish procreación (15th cent.), Italian procreazione (a1470). 1. The action of procreating; reproduction, generation, propagation of species; the fact of being begotten. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] i-streonc893 strainc950 akennessOE spreadingOE upspringc1000 akenningOE akennednessOE strainc1175 streningc1230 begetc1330 begettingc1330 engendrurec1350 generationa1382 gettinga1382 genderingc1384 multiplicationa1387 increase1390 prolificationa1393 procreationc1395 engenderinga1400 gendrure?a1400 engendure?a1425 progeniturec1429 propagation?1440 teemingc1450 breeda1500 geniturea1500 engenderment1507 progeneration1548 fathering1549 engender1556 race1561 multiplying1599 pullulation1641 progermination1648 reproduction1713 face-making1785 baby-making1827 begettal1864 fertility1866 c1395 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 1448 Take hym a wyf..By cause of leueful procreacioun Of children. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1576 (MED) Whi þou schalt with hire dele..Þe firste cause, procreacioun Of children is. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccvii. f. cxxviii Of this Wyllyams procreacion it is wytnessed of Uyncent Hystoryall & other. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Matrimonie f. xiii* The causes for the whiche matrimonie was ordeined. One cause was the procreacion of children. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 4 Twin'd Brothers..Whose procreation, residence, and birth, Scarse is diuidant. View more context for this quotation 1682 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies 22 The parts..minister either to nutrition, for the conservation of the Individual; or to Procreation, for the conservation of the Species. 1730 H. Fielding Author's Farce Epil. Gallants, you seem to think this Transformation As strange as was the Rabit's Procreation. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. vii. 114 As the word heirs is necessary to create a fee, so..the word body, or some other words of procreation, are necessary to make it a fee-tail. 1833 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 34 236 Slavery is inimicable to the procreation of children. a1869 G. Suckley in E. Coues Birds of Northwest (1874) 11 The indispensable union of a pair for the purpose of procreation. 1923 M. C. Stopes Contraception iii. 39 The type of woman who..has acquired the view that all sex union after the procreation of the desired number of children has been accomplished, is wrong. 1959 A. Yarmolinsky Turgenev v. 37 Her maternal absorption in Ivan leads her to a flat denial of any intrusive paternity as far as his procreation was concerned. 2003 Daily Tel. 16 Apr. 5/7 Britain's leading pearl mussel experts met yesterday to discuss how to improve the mollusc's chances of procreation. 2. That which is procreated; offspring, progeny. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] > offspring seedOE offspringOE begottena1325 birtha1325 issuea1325 burgeoninga1340 fruit of the loinsa1340 young onec1384 increasement1389 geta1400 gendera1425 procreation1461 progeniturec1487 engendera1500 propagation1536 feture1537 increase1552 breed1574 spawn1590 bowela1593 teeming1599 pullulation1641 prolifications1646 educt1677 produce1823 1461 in W. A. Littledale Coll. Misc. Grants & Exempl. Arms (1926) ii. 192 (MED) The whiche signe and armes to have, use, & hold unto the said Wm Swayne & to the issue & procreation of his boddy. 1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 12 To the intente that his maiestie..might haue issue and procreation for the..suretie of this his realme. 1563 R. Reynolds Foundacion of Rhetorike f. 54^v The posteritee of men, in their offspring and procreacion, doe aboundantlie commonstrate thesame. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xxvii. 183 No lesse monstrous then those deformed procreations, and naturally deformed Animals. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 131 The Procreation, or Children of a Common~wealth, are those we call Plantations, or Colonies. 1998 Connecticut Law Tribune (Nexis) 23 Mar. Now serving my incarceration, I'll get to know my procreation, I didn't meet his daily need, but mine he'll meet, he is my seed. 3. figurative and in extended use: origination, production, natural formation. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production generationa1382 engenderinga1400 outbearinga1425 productionc1450 produce1562 prolation1577 procreation1578 generating1579 edition1605 producement1613 elaboration1617 flowering1634 pullulation1641 factory1664 development1794 output1841 output1887 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 6^v For the procreation of Sutures. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe (title page) The Description and first Procreation and Increase of the towne of Great Yarmouth in Norffolke. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xix. 127 The procreation of peace..is the end of warre. 1671 J. Webster Metallographia iv. 74 In the procreation of Metals some Sulphureous matter doth intervene. 1747 J. Cunningham Love in Mist 11 I walk here, Sir, for the Recreation of my Legs, and the Procreation of my Appetite. 1874 Times 6 Dec. 11/1 The fact of a man being a promoter of a company—doing acts which..assisted in its procreation. 1991 Jrnl. Royal Musical Assoc. 116 294 Christianity uprooted the mythos, robbing it of its virility and rendering it incapable of procreation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1395
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