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单词 proboscis
释义

proboscisn.

Brit. /prəˈbɒsɪs/, U.S. /proʊˈbɑsəs/, /proʊˈbɑskəs/
Inflections: Plural proboscides, proboscises; (irregular) probosces Brit. /prəˈbɒsiːz/, U.S. /proʊˈbɑˌsiz/, /proʊˈbɑˌskiz/.
Forms: 1600s probossis, 1600s– proboscis, 1700s proboses.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin proboscid-, proboscis.
Etymology: < classical Latin proboscid-, proboscis snout of an animal, elephant's trunk (Pliny) < ancient Greek προβοσκιδ- , προβοσκίς elephant's trunk, fly's proboscis, (plural) tentacles of the decapod cephalopoda, lit. ‘means of providing food’ < προ- pro- prefix2 + βόσκειν to feed (probably < the same Indo-European base as Lithuanian guotas , gauja group, herd) + -ίς -id suffix2. Compare Middle French, French proboscide (1544), Spanish proboscide (1589), Italian proboscide (a1525). Compare slightly earlier promuscis n.
1. An elephant's trunk; the elongated mobile snout of some other mammals, such as tapirs and elephant seals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > parts of > (parts of) nose
promuscis1600
muffle1601
proboscis1607
proboss1659
rhinarium1838
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Proboscidea (elephants) > [noun] > elephant > parts of > trunk
snoutc1220
nosea1398
hand1572
trunk1589
promuscis1600
proboscis1607
trump1648
proboss1659
1577 R. Eden tr. Vertomannus Nauigation & Voy. iv. ix, in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde (rev. ed.) f. 385 The trunke or snoute of the Elephant (which of the Latines is called Promuscis or Proboscis).]
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 195 His truncke called Proboscis and Promuscis, is a large hollow thing hanging from his nose.
a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 20 Like an unbent bow, carelesly His sinewy Proboscis did remisly lie.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 347 Th'unwieldy Elephant To make them mirth us'd all his might, & wreathd His Lithe Proboscis . View more context for this quotation
1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 328 At last he lifted up his Proboses, and made a horrid noise.
1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding v. iv. 61 Shall the lofty elephant wield his proboscis against a mite?
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xvi. 293 The short, unbending neck of the elephant, is compensated by the length and flexibility of his proboscis.
1872 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. (1873) xi. 435 The upper lip may unite with the nose to form an elongated proboscis, as in the Elephant.
1923 Harper's Mag. May 769/1 With proboscides inordinately sharpened for the purpose, the hogs probed for succulent roots in a rank undergrowth.
1989 National Geographic Mar. 364/1 (caption) Named for their size and the trunk-like proboscis of the adult male, elephant seals are the largest of the world's pinnipeds.
2. humorous. A person's nose. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [noun]
noseeOE
naseeOE
nebeOE
billa1000
nesec1175
grunyie?a1513
gnomon1582
nib1585
proboscis1631
handle to (also of, on) one's face1675
snot-gall1685
nozzle1689
bowsprit1690
smeller1699
snitch1699
trunk1699
vessel1813
index1817
conk1819
sneezer1820
scent box1826
snorter1829
snuff-box1829
bugle1847
beak1854
nasal1854
sniffer1858
boko1859
snoot1861
snorer1891
horn1893
spectacles-seat1895
razzo1899
beezer1915
schnozzle1926
schnozzola1929
schnozz1930
snozzle1930
honker1942
hooter1958
1631 B. Jonson New Inne ii. vi. 37 No flattery for't: No lick-foote, paine of loosing your proboscis.
1679 T. Kirke Mod. Acct. Scotl. 2 So Scotland, whose Proboscis joyns too close to England, has sukt away the nutriment from Northumberland.
1705 Dyet of Poland 1 The World's Proboscis near the Globe's Extreme.
1778 G. Huddesford Warley 14 My lady, indeed, wears a decent Proboscis, Yet some folks there are cannot smell with their Noses.
1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. i. 26 A fair enough proboscis as noses go.
1859 J. D. Burn Autobiogr. Beggar Boy (ed. 4) 17 The highflyer turns up his genteel proboscis at the common cadger.
1871 J. W. De Forest Overland xiii. 72 ‘An' my nose’, suggested Glover, turning up his lacerated proboscis.
1925 G. J. Nathan in Amer. Mercury Aug. 474/1 Nose-straighteners that are put on at bedtime and convert a proboscis that resembles half a doughnut into a retroussé snout by Saturday night.
1967 D. L. Thomas Plungers & Peacocks v. 94 It was a hugely inflamed proboscis that marred his otherwise handsome features.
1993 Heartbalm (Melbourne) 13 Nov. 19/1 Cyrano, the hero of this 17th Century French classic spoof, has a naughty nose, a penile proboscis.
3.
a. Entomology. Any of various elongated, tubular, and usually flexible mouthparts of insects, used for sucking liquids and sometimes for piercing, as in bees, flies, mosquitoes, bugs, and butterflies and moths (in which it is coiled when not in use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > head > mouth-parts or trophi > proboscis
nib1585
beak1658
promuscis1658
proboscisa1660
trunk1661
probe1664
trump1752
antlia1826
siphuncle1826
spiritrompe1831
a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 305 Three jettos of Water gushing out of the mouthes or proboscis of Bees (the Armes of the Late Pope).
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B8 Some have a proboscis like flies.
1737 H. Baker tr. Virgil Medulla Poetarum Romanorum I. 116 Then trembling they unite, and shake their Wings, And with their sharp Proboscis whet their Darts.
1792 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 82 173 The male of the humble bee, which collects its own food, has as long a proboscis, or tongue, as the female.
1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. II. §615 Amongst..the Bugs..the mouth is armed with a tubular and cylindrical proboscis, directed downwards and backwards.
1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons I. vii. 291 Their habit is to attach themselves to the skin by plunging their proboscides into it.
1927 F. Balfour-Browne Insects i. 26 The long proboscis of the butterfly and moth is formed in exactly the same way, by the lengthening out of the maxillæ.
1982 W. L. Heat Moon Blue Highways vii. xi. 282 The dark timber still sounded with their whine, their proboscises were still alarmingly large and powerful.
b. Zoology. Any of various extensible structures at the anterior end of the body in certain other invertebrates; esp. (a) an eversible or protrusible organ in various worms and wormlike animals, as polychaetes and nemerteans (in which it is used for feeding), and priapulids and hemichordates (in which it is the introversible anterior part of the body); (b) a tubular, elongated, retractable or introversible snout in predatory gastropods, used for catching prey.In quot. 1698: the siphon of a mollusc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > bodies or parts > [noun] > equivalent of the mouth > proboscis or tongue
proboscis1698
tongue1753
1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 168 I have examined the Clam, he hath a Plain Pipe or Proboscis, from whence he ejects water, if compressed.
1796 A. Bell in R. Southey Life A. Bell (1844) II. 27 These spawns..dart about in all directions... Some of the largest have proboscises.
1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 381 Entozoa..the head furnished with fossulæ, suckers, and one or more naked or armed proboscides.
1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 119 The aperture of the anus..is usually placed excentrically in one of the spaces between the arms, and..generally..carried at the end of a longer or shorter tubular eminence or process..called the ‘proboscis’.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. ii. 26 In some of the bristle-footed marine worms [the head]..bears feelers of various kinds and eyes, besides, it may be, hard jaw-like structures in the mouth and a protrusible proboscis.
1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs v. 92 In some families [of prosobranchs] the extruded proboscis may reach four or five times the length of the rest of the animal.
1987 R. D. Barnes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 5) ix. 254/1 The cylindrical body of priapulids..is divided into an anterior proboscis region, or introvert, and a posterior trunk region, or abdomen.
1995 E. W. Knight-Jones et al. in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe vi. 165/2 The anterior part of the gut [in bristle worms] can often be everted through the mouth as a proboscis.
4. = proboscis monkey n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > subfamily Colobinae > genus Nasalis (proboscis-monkey)
proboscis monkey1793
kahau1840
proboscisa1849
nose monkey1883
a1849 B. Barton Nat. Hist. Holy Land (1856) 155 Proboscis! Horned Monkey too! I've look'd quite long enough at you.
1882 H. de Windt On Equator 105 Excitement as to whether the ‘moniet’ was but a common proboscis or wa-wa.
1987 D. Gersi Explorer vi. 125 We spotted groups of big beige monkeys... As skillful in water..as he is in jumping from tree to tree, he is named proboscis for his long pink nose.

Compounds

proboscis-fish n. rare an elephant-snout fish (genus Mormyrus).
ΚΠ
1904 Nature 9 June 130/2 The proboscis-fish (Mormyrus kannume) is chiefly nocturnal, and employs its long snout in probing about among stones for animal food.
proboscis monkey n. a large leaf monkey, Nasalis larvatus, of the mangrove forests of Borneo, the male of which is twice the weight of the female and has a long, pendulous nose.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > subfamily Colobinae > genus Nasalis (proboscis-monkey)
proboscis monkey1793
kahau1840
proboscisa1849
nose monkey1883
1793 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds (ed. 3) II. 322 Proboscis Monkey..the nose projecting very far beyond the mouth..in the profile it exactly resembles a long proboscis.
1885 W. T. Hornaday Two Years in Jungle xxxiii. 395 The proboscis monkey..is found only in Borneo.
1934 Lima (Ohio) News 3 May 5/3 The age of a proboscis monkey can be told by the length of its nose.
proboscis-rat n. Obsolete rare an elephant shrew (order Macroscelidea).Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Proboscis-rat, same as elephant-shrew.
proboscis worm n. any of various wormlike invertebrates having a proboscis; esp. a nemertean.
ΚΠ
1962 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 7 77/1 The spawning period of the proboscis worm [sc. the polychaete Glycera dibranchiata] occurs over a period of more than 4 weeks.
1969 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 255 507 Hemichordata. Two proboscis worms, a Balanoglossus 6 in. or more long.., and a scarcer much larger yellow Balanoglossus.
1995 Parazitologiya St. Petersburg 29 398 General peculiarities in the structure of embryonal shells of proboscis worms of the class Palaeacanthocephala are discussed.

Derivatives

proˈboscised adj. rare having a proboscis (of a specified kind).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [adjective] > of head > relating to or forming trophi > of or relating to proboscis > having a proboscis
proboscidate1826
promuscidate1826
proboscised1883
1883 D. W. Thompson tr. H. Müller Fertilisation of Flowers 579 Long-proboscised [Ger. langrüssligern] varieties of..insects.
1977 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 20 Feb. 15/5 The Hittites..were infuriated by the taunts of their pug-proboscised neighbors.
2004 Mojo June 14/5 A special, generously-proboscis'd guest is also rumoured to be playing.
proˈboscis-like adj.
ΚΠ
1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 595 Kirby, has the mandibles dentate, and the maxillæ and labium very long and proboscis-like.
1975 G. Vevers tr. K. Paysan Aquarium Fishes 109 A secretive, hardy, nocturnal fish.., which uses its proboscis-like mouth to probe the bottom for worms.
1993 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 339 123/1 The posterior part of the feeding apparatus is a proboscis-like mouth tube.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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