prosneusisn.

Brit.

/prɒsˈnjuːsɪs/, U.S.

/prɑsˈn(j)usəs/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek πρόσνευσις.

Etymology: < Hellenistic Greek πρόσνευσις inclination towards, in Ptolemy in senses 1 ( Almagest 5. 5) and 2 ( Almagest 6. 10) < προσνεύειν to incline towards ( < ancient Greek προς to (see prosody n.) + νεύειν to nod: see neume n.) + ancient Greek -σις -sis suffix.

Astronomy.

1. In Ptolemy's third lunar model: the angle between the true apogee of an epicycle (as used in the second lunar model) and a point on the epicycle designated the mean apogee (introduced by Ptolemy in order to correct a discrepancy observed at the octants). historical.

ΚΠ

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. iii. iv. 228 In an Almagest of Aboul Wefa.., after describing the two inequalities of the moon, he has a Section ix., ‘Of the Third Anomaly of the moon called Muhazal or Prosneusis’.

1906 J. L. E. Dreyer Hist. Planetary Syst. ix. 196 The principle of rigorously uniform motion had been violated both by introducing a point outside the centre of the deferent, with regard to which the angular motion was uniform, and by the prosneusis.

1984 N. M. Swerdlow & O. Neugebauer Math. Astron. in Copernicus's de Revolutionibus I. iv. i. 194 The second effect, the prosneusis or inclination of the mean apogee of the lunar epicycle, is equivalent to a bimonthly variation in the direction of the apsidal line of the moon's orbit.

1996 R. Rashed & R. Morelon Encycl. Hist. Arabic Sci. I. iii. 59 The most outstanding problems in the Ptolemaic astronomy as expounded in the Almagest and the Planetary Hypotheses were seen to be (1) the problem of prosneusis, (2) the problem of inclination and deviation of the spheres of Mercury and Venus, [etc.].

2. The angle between the ecliptic and the great circle joining the centres of the moon and of the earth's shadow in a lunar eclipse, which indicates the position of the part of the moon that is first eclipsed. rare.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Prosneusis, the position-angle of the part of the moon first eclipsed.

1908 J. L. E. Dreyer Let. to Editor 20 Aug. (O.E.D. Archive) This is the prosneusis of the eclipsed part [of the moon].

1975 O. Neugebauer Hist. Anc. Math. Astron. II. v. 999 This completes the prosneusis theory in antiquity. It is no great loss that it was not transmitted into Islamic tables and consequently disappeared from mediaeval astronomy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prosneusis
释义	prosneusisn. Brit. /prɒsˈnjuːsɪs/, U.S. /prɑsˈn(j)usəs/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek πρόσνευσις. Etymology: < Hellenistic Greek πρόσνευσις inclination towards, in Ptolemy in senses 1 ( Almagest 5. 5) and 2 ( Almagest 6. 10) < προσνεύειν to incline towards ( < ancient Greek προς to (see prosody n.) + νεύειν to nod: see neume n.) + ancient Greek -σις -sis suffix. Astronomy. 1. In Ptolemy's third lunar model: the angle between the true apogee of an epicycle (as used in the second lunar model) and a point on the epicycle designated the mean apogee (introduced by Ptolemy in order to correct a discrepancy observed at the octants). historical. ΚΠ 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. iii. iv. 228 In an Almagest of Aboul Wefa.., after describing the two inequalities of the moon, he has a Section ix., ‘Of the Third Anomaly of the moon called Muhazal or Prosneusis’. 1906 J. L. E. Dreyer Hist. Planetary Syst. ix. 196 The principle of rigorously uniform motion had been violated both by introducing a point outside the centre of the deferent, with regard to which the angular motion was uniform, and by the prosneusis. 1984 N. M. Swerdlow & O. Neugebauer Math. Astron. in Copernicus's de Revolutionibus I. iv. i. 194 The second effect, the prosneusis or inclination of the mean apogee of the lunar epicycle, is equivalent to a bimonthly variation in the direction of the apsidal line of the moon's orbit. 1996 R. Rashed & R. Morelon Encycl. Hist. Arabic Sci. I. iii. 59 The most outstanding problems in the Ptolemaic astronomy as expounded in the Almagest and the Planetary Hypotheses were seen to be (1) the problem of prosneusis, (2) the problem of inclination and deviation of the spheres of Mercury and Venus, [etc.]. 2. The angle between the ecliptic and the great circle joining the centres of the moon and of the earth's shadow in a lunar eclipse, which indicates the position of the part of the moon that is first eclipsed. rare. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Prosneusis, the position-angle of the part of the moon first eclipsed. 1908 J. L. E. Dreyer Let. to Editor 20 Aug. (O.E.D. Archive) This is the prosneusis of the eclipsed part [of the moon]. 1975 O. Neugebauer Hist. Anc. Math. Astron. II. v. 999 This completes the prosneusis theory in antiquity. It is no great loss that it was not transmitted into Islamic tables and consequently disappeared from mediaeval astronomy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1837
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