before–afteradj.

Brit.

/bᵻˌfɔːˈɑːftə/,

/bᵻˌfɔːˈaftə/, U.S.

/bəˌfɔrˈæftər/,

/biˌfɔrˈæftər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: before adv., after adv.

Etymology: < before adv. + after adv. Compare earlier before and after adj., and also before...after at before adv., prep., conj., and n. Phrases 1.

Of or relating to a situation which exists before a particular event or process occurs, and that which exists afterwards; esp. designating differences between data obtained before and after an experiment, procedure, etc., is carried out.

ΚΠ

1936 L. S. Lyon & V. Abramson Economics Open Price Systems iv. 58 What may be called a ‘before-after’ comparison..offers a greater possibility of isolating the effects of open prices.

1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. (Detroit Suppl.) 11/3 The before-after differences are startling.

1997 A. D. Edwards et al. Separate but Equal? 130 The novice is presented with an unfamiliar task,..and then performance is measured on successive attempts before recording the before-after changes in performance.

2008 M. L. Morrison et al. Wildlife Study Design (ed. 2) iii. 85 The classic ‘before–after’ paired comparison where density [of deer population] is estimated before..gas development..and then compared to density estimates after development.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	before–after
释义	before–afteradj. Brit. /bᵻˌfɔːˈɑːftə/, /bᵻˌfɔːˈaftə/, U.S. /bəˌfɔrˈæftər/, /biˌfɔrˈæftər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: before adv., after adv. Etymology: < before adv. + after adv. Compare earlier before and after adj., and also before...after at before adv., prep., conj., and n. Phrases 1. Of or relating to a situation which exists before a particular event or process occurs, and that which exists afterwards; esp. designating differences between data obtained before and after an experiment, procedure, etc., is carried out. ΚΠ 1936 L. S. Lyon & V. Abramson Economics Open Price Systems iv. 58 What may be called a ‘before-after’ comparison..offers a greater possibility of isolating the effects of open prices. 1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. (Detroit Suppl.) 11/3 The before-after differences are startling. 1997 A. D. Edwards et al. Separate but Equal? 130 The novice is presented with an unfamiliar task,..and then performance is measured on successive attempts before recording the before-after changes in performance. 2008 M. L. Morrison et al. Wildlife Study Design (ed. 2) iii. 85 The classic ‘before–after’ paired comparison where density [of deer population] is estimated before..gas development..and then compared to density estimates after development. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1936
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