| 释义 |
prizen.1adj. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: price n. Etymology: Originally a variant of price n., now usually distinguished in form in the senses below, perhaps by association with prize v.1 Compare prize n.3 A. n.1 1. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > prize α. a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 139 in A. S. M. Clark (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 145 So he wile þat uue don and soþen hauen ur pris. c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) l. 830 Who so winneþ þe turnament..þe priis have schal, Þe gerfauk & þe gode stede. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. ix. 24 Thei that rennen in a furlong, alle forsoth rennen, but oon takith the priys [L. bravium]. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 25364 (MED) Oft þe men þat er rightwis, Thoru faanding win þai to þair pris [so Gött.; a1400 Fairf. prise]. a1450 (?1420) J. Lydgate (Tanner) (1891) 621 (MED) No man may in your werre him vaunte To gete a pris but oonli bi mekenes. c1450 (?a1400) T. Chestre (1930) 487 (MED) Þe prys of þat turnay Was delyuered to Launfal. 1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 241, in (1931) I. 152 In euerilk play he wan the pryse. 1617 F. Moryson iii. 196 Shooting for wagers..and for like rewards and prises. a1656 R. Gordon (1813) 261 And ther gave thrie rich pryses vnto thrie of the best deserving assailliers. society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > teaching aids > reward for good work 1752 11 Dec. Mr. Finch and..Mr. Townsend having proposed..to give Two Prizes of Fifteen Guineas each to two Senior Batchelors of Arts..who shall compose the best Exercises in Latin Prose. 1768 M. Howard Pref. Honoured with the Prize given by the..Chancellor of the University of Oxford, for the best English Verses on this Subject. 1791 Præmia. Names of the Young Ladies and Gentlemen to whom the Annual Prizes were publicly adjudged. 1800 9 University Prizes. Two gold medals, value 15 guineas each, are given annually by the Chancellor of this University. 1847 Ld. Tennyson iii. 61 You love The metaphysics! read and earn our prize, A golden broach. 1899 E. Phillpotts 120 He was swatting like anything in play-hours for a special Old Testament history prize. 1950 E. H. W. Meyerstein 6 Jan. (1959) 369 You must remember that it is much more important socially for a boy to play for his public school in cricket..than to win a prize. 1990 S. Miller i. x. 195 The school head, Mr. Karmel, rose to begin awarding the prizes and handing out diplomas. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > prize > for products or work exhibited 1762 27 July No Catch, Canon, or Glee, whose Author is known, will be entitled to either of these Prizes. 1793 The Prize of Industry. Taken from a Fete given in Oxfordshire for the encouragement of industry amongst the Villagers. 1845 6 209 The first prize for 12 Ranunculuses (amateurs' class) was awarded [etc.]. 1895 17 Oct. 5/4 Prizes are to be given to tradesmen for the best display of what is called window dressing. 1923 Apr. 429/1 Groups of boys and girls..are encouraged to compete for prizes in raising the biggest ears of corn, the fattest calves, or the finest-looking chickens. 1942 25 Apr. 475/1 The following awards of Stalin prizes for outstanding scientific work in 1941 have been made. 1958 9 May 22/8 Donald Dussard..won two prizes at the Child Welfare Association Baby Show... Donald took 1st Prize in the 6 months-to-one year Class. 1999 4 Oct. 111 ‘Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha’, the only Irish novel to win the Booker Prize. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > lottery or raffle > [noun] > prize 1567 Particular Declar. Prices Great Lottery in H. Dyson (1618) 99 A very rich Lotterie generall, without any Blanckes, contayning a great number of good Prices. 1658 R. Brathwait 75 I Pull, God send me fortune in my thank, Either a Prize worth having, or a Blank. 1695 J. Collier 105 The Case is like a Lottery with one Prize, a single Ticket is only enrich'd, and the rest are all Blanks. 1711 R. Steele No. 242. ⁋2 A Ticket in the Lottery, and..'tis come up this Morning a Five hundred Pound Prize. 1725 E. Young 14 A beauteous sister, or convenient wife, Are prizes in the lottery of life. 1766 O. Goldsmith I. v. 46 I protested I could see no reason for it neither, nor why one got the ten thousand pound prize in the lottery. 1842 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange (1870) III. ix. 153 A twenty thousand prize in the lottery. 1883 W. C. Smith in XV. 11/1 The word lottery..may be applied to any process of determining prizes by lot. 1933 H. Allen xix. 239 The Governor of Livorno, in order to repair the defences of the city, announced by proclamation the establishment of an official lottery with several very large prizes. 1965 9 Sept. 11/8 A portable television set will be the first prize in a raffle highlighting an outdoor dance at LaFollette Park. 1997 18 July 21/5 This is a huge, ferociously enjoyable book, like a lucky dip in which there's a prize for everybody. 2006 (Nexis) 6 Jan. 11 There's an estimated jackpot of £58m on offer in tonight's EuroMillions, followed by a £15m top prize in tomorrow's Lotto Superdraw. 3. figurative. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [noun] > thing that is highly valued the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > aspiration or ambition > [noun] > object of aspiration 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau 49 So making hir poyson mounte all along the lyne and the rode, [she] so tormenteth the arme of the fisher, that often times he is constrained to abandon his prize. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 455 But this swift busines I must vneasie make, least too light winning Make the prize light. View more context for this quotation 1638 Walton in L. Roberts Commend. Verses 11 If thou would'st be a Merchant, buy this Booke: For 'tis a prize worth gold. 1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke ii, in 373 The Locke..In ev'ry place is sought, but sought in vain: With such a Prize no Mortal must be blest. 1766 R. Rogers ii. ii. 42 This will give full Success to both our Wishes: Thoul't gain the Prize of Love, and I of Wrath, In favour to our Family and State. 1825 L. S. Costello 60 We bring the prize of glory, Our country, Spain, to thee! 1857 L. H. Grindon (ed. 2) xxii. 270 Life has a prize for every one who will open his heart to receive it. 1890 M. Oliphant II. xii. 214 Far from running away in horror of his suit, which is a thing to pique the pride of any man, Mary was unfeignedly proud of having won the prize. 1922 29 July 19/5 The highest grade obtainable by the staff workers..has been fixed at £1,000... I hope that you will agree that it is a right and proper recognition of efficiency, and is a prize worth striving for. 1952 A. Bevan iii. 44 Material success, in this philosophy, is the prize awarded by society to the individual who has served it best. 1994 July 6/1 He had allowed the American people to see what could become of their democracy in the hands of a thoroughly corrupt politician bent upon seizing the prize of absolute power. the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > an advantage, benefit, or favourable circumstance 1595 W. Shakespeare i. iv. 60 Tis warres prise to take all aduantages. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. i. 20 Me thinkes 'tis prize [1595 pride] enough to be his Sonne. View more context for this quotation 1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in 35 Ladies, whose bright eies Rain influence, and judge the prise Of Wit, or Arms. 1738 tr. C. Rollin (ed. 2) II. 370 He disputed for, and carried, the prize of poetry. 1819 W. Scott II. xii. 143 The points of Maurice de Bracy's [shoes] might have challenged the prize of extravagance with the gayest. 1965 5 Feb. 157/3 The prize for tear-jerking seemed..destined for..the Daily Mail. 1995 21 Nov. 22/1 The prize for the most obscure medical syndrome of the week goes to Micturation Syncope. the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [noun] > one who or that which > that which 1713 R. Bentley II. xl. 16 A few glittering Prizes..among an infinity of Blanks, drew troops of Adventurers. 1792 C. Smith (ed. 6) lviii. 58 The brilliant Glow-worm..collects ‘the moisten'd’ flower, And bids soft leaves his glittering prize enfold. 1811 M. Holford Poet's Fate in 9 Where never toil uptore the verdant sod To seek man's glittering prize, his earth-extracted god! 1875 F. Arnold I. v. 286 There are certain glittering prizes which are the great attractions to these. 1923 Ld. Birkenhead in 8 Nov. 7/4 The world continues to offer glittering prizes to those who have stout hearts and sharp swords. 1976 F. Raphael (title) Glittering prizes. 1977 A. Clarke ix. 104 Just keep your trap shut..and remember the glittering prizes. 1990 Oct. 114/2 He went..then to Oxford where he took most of the glittering prizes. 1947 10 Aug. g8 There is no prize offered for guessing what happened next. 1952 14 Oct. 2/6 (advt.) No prizes for spotting the cause of this monkey business! 1981 L. R. Banks vi. 51 No prizes for guessing how I felt about getting up for school. 1994 (Nexis) 22 July 6 b No one will win any prizes for guessing that what hurt the funds' performance most was the sharp fall in the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. 2004 (Internat. ed.) June 115 Just when you think that the name has exhausted its star power, yet another wannashine emerges and there are no prizes for guessing the name he goes by. B. adj.the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > surpassing excellence > [adjective] 1739 M. Browne 391 (heading) Prize poems. I. To her Majesty on her Grotto. Adjudg'd to the Literary Reward proposed to the Writers on that Subject. 1773 (title) Musæ Seatonianæ. A complete collection of the Cambridge prize poems, from their first institution..to the present time. 1803 D. Wilson (title) Common Sense: A Prize Essay, recited in the Theatre, Oxford, June 15, 1803. 1824 Ld. Byron lx. 94 There was a prize ox, a prize pig, and ploughman, For Henry was a sort of Sabine showman. 1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides I. 15 My history is an everlasting possession, not a prize composition which is heard and forgotten. 1933 E. Blunden 21 George Richards, whose Oxford prize-poem delighted Byron. 1959 12 Oct. 10/2 (heading) Archbishop bans a prize painting. 1991 13 Nov. d9/1 Through artificial insemination, a prize bull can father thousands of cows, passing along his superior genes to herds around the world. the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > utter or absolute > of something bad or reprobated 1835 May 367 Here are prize-vessels for sale—no French nor Spanish merchantmen, whose wealth is the birthright of British subjects, but hulls of British oak..laden with the King's own stores. 1888 A. Lang in Apr. 234/2 Little Dombey is a prize example of his pathos. Little Nell is another. 1903 W. M. Bickley 13 He's the prize chump of the outfit. 1925 Jan. 6/2 Probably the prize example of what can be done in this respect is the story told by a man..of $4,000 paid for a marching song composed in honor of a certain presidential candidate. 1976 13 Nov. (Suppl.) 5/3 The final episode finds Katy..accused of writing to a young man regarded as a prize flirt. 1992 A. V. Roberts xiv. 233 I'd look a prize twit, saying all that and not a scratch on me. Compounds Objective genitive. C1. 1760 J. Mair 13 Athlŏthĕtes, the judge or prize-giver in games of wrestling. 1874 31 Oct. 10/4 A new prize-giver appears on the list this year in the person of Mr. Francis Bennoch, who offers rewards for the best foreground in oil, and for the best illustrations. 1992 G. Will i. 18 Jeffersonians may have been dreamers, but their nightmare is today's normality—government as prize and prize-giver, politics as an endless auction. 1795 12 Feb. 1/2 (advt.) The present Lottery contains only 40,000 tickets, and there is the same sum..to be divided among the prize-holders. 1864 J. H. Burton I. i. 54 They were naturally the prizeholders. 2005 (Nexis) 20 Apr. c1 The talented prize holders received not only a ribbon from the county, but several awards from other sources as well. 1906 21 Apr. 12/4 Of course, prize winners were highly pleased, and the prize-losers were not. 1981 (Nexis) 8 Dec. c2/1 Doctors have also been Nobel literature prize losers. Sigmund Freud was nominated for the 1936 literary prize. 1865 5 Dec. 7/1 Zealous and more determined prize-givers and prize-seekers overruled Mr. Wright and his supporters. 1925 12 Apr. (Mag.) 15/4 Along the column were prize seekers walking on their hands. 1995 (Nexis) 28 May b1 Prize seekers tossed rings over bottles, fun seekers had their faces painted and thrill seekers got their insides stirred on the Gravitron. 1854 28 Dec. 205 All the pupils..were to dress in white on that grand occasion, with blue sashes and trimmings. Especially was this uniform considered indispensable to the prize takers. 1900 10 Feb. 8/2 Mr. Barnet, of Fakenham, takes the first prize with a fine specimen, Mr. Hardy, of Wood-green, being also a prize-taker. 1989 (Nexis) 4 June 55 The two top prize-takers in the annual Zachary Society National Vocal Competition..were soprano Rosa Vento of New York City and bass Peter Loehle of Ridgewood, N.J. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > prize > prize-winner the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > one who or that which is successful > one who > one who wins > one who wins a prize a1849 H. Colman (1851) 320 Mr. Bates, one of the most distinguished breeders of short horns in the kingdom, and a successful prize winner for his stock. 1884 Aug. 130 The second prize-winner is leggy..with straight shoulders and is undershot. 1989 Dec. 12/3 Both of the prize-winners are holders of many other patents. 1822 J. Wilson Metricum Symposium Ambrosianum in July 83 The prize-winning poets of Isis and Cam. 1904 7 May 20/2 No one will know who are the authors of the prize-winning stories until the judges have selected the three best manuscripts. 1998 9 Jan. 25/1 Piles of prizewinning literary biographies lie around the bookshops like so many breezeblocks. C2. society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > books intended as gifts or prizes 1798 539 It is particularly Recommended to Masters of Schools, Teachers, &c. as a most excellent Prize Book for Scholars who are in the Higher Classes. 1839 C. Sinclair xii. 274 Being the best scholar there [i.e. at school], he might..receive a whole library of prize-books. 1998 A. Fadiman (2000) 42 My scores wouldn't have earned me a prize book from the Sisters of the Holy Cross, but I confess to a small, retrograde flush of pride at not having utterly flunked. 1880 10 July 8/5 First those whom he compendiously called prize Fellows, limited to a tenure of seven years; and secondly those who were called tutorial Fellows, who would hold office for 15 years. 1900 G. C. Brodrick 170 ‘Prize fellows’ as they are ungracefully called, elected for seven years only. 1997 25 192 Stephen Mulhall is a former Prize Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. 1868 (Columbia Univ.) 158 (heading) Prize fellowships and scholarships. The following resolutions were presented by the president in the board of trustees, October 9, 1865. 1909 29 June 2/1 How entirely indefensible the existing prize-fellowship system is when judged from any but the narrowest point of view. 1982 2 Feb. 12/5 He showed brilliant intellectual promise as a scholar of Eton and of New College, Oxford, and in 1924 he won a Prize Fellowship at All Souls. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > prize > prize-giving 1789 T. Warton Let. 12 June in (1995) iv. 622 I..have been mu[ch hur]ried by sitting in judgement on prize-[givings and] college elections.] 1846 30 Sept. 2/1 Mr. Walter's annual rural fête..presents a most pleasant contrast to the agricultural meetings... There was no prize-giving nonsense. 1905 E. M. Forster v. 124 Fortunately the school prize-giving was at hand. 1955 E. Blishen ii. 100 Prize-giving..didn't flow naturally out of what had gone before, as it does in a grammar school. 1992 9 May 70/3 President Cristiani, wearing a peace jacket for the prize-giving, said beamingly: ‘Sport has got us together like nothing else.’ 1779 4 Aug. 4/1 The Drawing of the Second Class of the United States Lottery being finished, the Managers are getting the Prize Lists printed with all possible expedition. 1895 19 June Davenport..[is]possessed of considerable local pride, and there will be a great effort made to keep the watches and other valuables at the head of the prize list right here in the city. 1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock ii. 20 This success has been continued in recent years but the prize lists now usually include Charolais × Aberdeen-Angus crosses. 1733 E. Budgell III. 1676 We shall give orders to have a Dye cut for our Prize-Medals, after the Design above-mentioned. 1829 24 Nov. 2/3 Sir Gilbert Blane..has founded a prize medal for the best journal kept by the surgeons of His Majesty's navy. 1908 T. A. Cook i. 16 For all these gold, silver, and bronze prize medals have been allotted. 2005 (Nexis) 13 May 18 The first team to open the correct trunk was the winner and received prize medals to wear. 1870 28 Dec. 4/2 These prize packages were said by him to contain sums of money. 1873 13 Feb. 5/1 Even the church..is sometimes found doing the work of the devil. Gift concerts, gift enterprises and raffles,..lotteries, prize-packages, etc., are all devices to obtain money without value received. 1881 T. H. Sayre iii. 69 It is too much to be slapped on the back, called old boy, and then told to keep it up. All by a pert chamber maid. She and Splinters are choice prize packages. 1952 9 May 20/4 Mr. Golden won the prize package. 2001 R. Yates 117 ‘Okay.’ He looked hurt. ‘Okay; I know I'm no prize package.’ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > prize-winning or inferior 1791 E. Nairne 91 Hold a prize pig with soap on's tail! 1812 40 270 Jemmy Hill claimed his prize-pig, but his competitors disputed his right. 1923 9 Nov. 18/2 Three valuable van horses were burned to death. Fourteen pedigree prize pigs were saved. 1993 Apr. 231/3 You don't know anything about this organization! Of course he's happy. He's their prize pig! 2005 (Nexis) 16 June 8 Five hundred prize pigs and sheep, 400 cows and 1,000 horses vied for award-winning positions in the many competitions. 1713 1 A new Prize-Question to be determined by Lots..to be drawn next Candlemas-day, that every one may have time to prepare and send their Answers. 1808 Jan. 268 The subject of the tides was proposed as the prize-question by the Academy of Sciences in the year 1740. 1882 12 Feb. 1/6 As this is a simple question in permutation and every good arithmetic has the answer to it, I do not think it a good prize question. 2005 (Nexis) 15 Oct. 20 Announcing the week's £10,000 prize question, he quipped: ‘You'll be able to buy yourself a TV licence.’ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > one who or that which is successful > one who > one who wins > one who wins a prize > roll or list of prize winners 1827 27 Sept. 3/2 This was chiefly the fault of the officers commanding regiments, who had delayed sending home the prize rolls. 1912 May 329/1 A medal can be verified occasionally if the prize-roll or some other collateral document is extant. 1960 11 Aug. 4/1 Pie, canned fruits, berries, vegetables from beans to dandelion and beet tops, all kinds of relishes, preserves—all are listed in the prize roll. Derivatives 1602 W. Segar iii. lii. 194 It was euer held honorable and prizeworthy to appeare within Listes most gallant and fairest armed. 1859 15 Dec. 6/3 He has also acquired a sure title to Staff employment in the widest and most prizeworthy sense. 1959 8 Jan. 76/3 One could hardly wait for the climax; when this one came it was exciting and certainly prizeworthy. 2002 (Nexis) 16 Dec. 31 Pruning would intensify the flavor of the remaining grapes and help transform the family's table wine into prizeworthy vintages. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). prizen.2Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: prise n.2; French prise. Etymology: Either a sense development of prise n.2, or directly < its etymon French prise the action of taking, capture, especially the capture of a ship, the booty taken, a captured ship or cargo; subsequently (compare β forms) identified with prize n.1 1. society > armed hostility > warrior > defeated or conquered > [noun] > prisoner of war the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid > article of α. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) 5707 (MED) Þai..þat priis ladde at aise Toward þe cite of Caroaise. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vi. 406 The heiere hond he [sc. Bacchus] hadde And victoire of his enemys, And torneth homward with his pris. c1450 in F. J. Furnivall (1867) 53 I haue brouȝt hidir manye a greet price Hidir into helle of al kinde of man. a1500 (?c1450) 240 Thei hadden gete the richest prise that euer was sein in her comynge. a1578 R. Lindsay (1899) II. 72 Returnit hame againe witht great pryce of men and goodis. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer i. 135 Woulst thou maintaine in sure abode Thine owne prise, and sleight me of mine? 1693 tr. J. Le Clerc i. 40 To shelter the Prises which the Croats had taken from the Turks. a1734 R. North (1740) i. iii. §154. 222 His Neighbour's Pigs and Hens used to be his Prise, when he could catch them. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > administration and ceremonial > [noun] > ship or property captured at sea α. 1493 in (1839) I. 291/1 Ane actioun..tuiching þe half of þe thrid parte of a schip callit a pris. 1512 in T. Rymer (1712) XIII. 328/2 One Shippe Royall..with the Ordinance and Apparell of every such Prise that shall fortune to be taken by theym. 1588 R. Greene sig. C Carrying away, both vessell and marriners as a pryse. 1594 W. Shakespeare sig. C3v Desire my Pilot is, Beautie my prise . View more context for this quotation 1634 T. Herbert 188 Calicut, a great Citie ten leagues whence we tooke our price [(1638) 302 prize]. 1672 C. Manners in (1890) App. v. 24 Wee take every day some considerable pryses, which may pay for the warr. the mind > possession > taking > seizing > [noun] > with violence or forcibly α. 1481 W. Caxton tr. (1893) clxxxv. 271 (heading) Of the pryse and takynge of Iherusalem. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer iv. 332 Age, that all men overcomes, hath made his prise on thee. 1648 J. Raymond 77 Opposite to this is the Arch of Titus Vespasian, erected to him for his prise of Jerusalem. 3. As a mass noun. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid 1522 in J. Stuart (1844) I. 100 Quhill thai get a souer certification of the lordis quhidder gif the said schip was lauchtfull price or nocht. 1550 in J. H. Burton (1877) 1st Ser. I. 102 The samin schip and gudis..in caise scho wer nocht fund just prise. 1561 in J. H. Burton (1877) 1st Ser. I. 162 Decernyng the schippis and gudis..to be lauchfull pryse. 1634 T. Herbert 185 [The junk] was good prize and worth the keeping. a1680 S. Butler (1759) I. 168 Plagiary Privateers, That all Mens Sense and Fancy seize, And make free Prize of what they please? 1748 T. Gray Ode Death Favourite Cat vii, in R. Dodsley II. 269 Not all that tempts your..heedless hearts, is lawful prize. 1755 N. Magens I. 496 Prize or not Prize, must be determined by Courts of Admiralty, belonging to the Power whose Subjects make the Capture. 1793 T. Jefferson (1859) IV. 25 Enemy goods are lawful prize. 1842 H. J. Stephen II. 80 In order fully to vest the property of a captured vessel in the captors..it is also necessary that it should have been condemned as prize, by legal sentence. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott (1855) I. xxii. 353 If the command was unheeded, a broadside followed, and the peaceful merchantman became lawful prize. 1885 29 286 On matters of prize the judgment could be looked to. 1910 I. 207/1 The goods of a Portuguese subject..were awarded by the admiral as good prize to the English captors. 1987 44 84 British officials had learned of Napoleon's Berlin Decree, which..declared all British-made products lawful prize even when owned by neutrals. 2000 94 74 The circumstances under which captured enemy vessels may be destroyed, in lieu of being subject to adjudication as prize following capture, or diversion, have been controversial. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (transitive)] > capture or seize as prize 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. vii. 177 A beauty-waining and distressed widow..Made prise and purchase of his lustfull eye. View more context for this quotation 1601 J. Wheeler 68 Diuerse ships..had beene taken at sea, and the goods therein made prize, and confiscate. a1657 J. Balfour (1825) IV. 273 In respecte they had takin a shipe of his and made her pryce. 1725 D. Defoe i. 10 We resolv'd to make Prize of it, as in a time of War. 1798 J. Ferriar vi. 182 He made prize of all the good thoughts that came in his way. 1827 S. B. H. Judah I. i. 43 The numerous inlets..afforded these desperadoes convenient concealment..while watching the departure of some outward bound trader, who, from its rich cargo, was worthy of making prize. 1934 G. N. Clark 160 More than once squadrons of considerable force cruised in the Atlantic to make prize of merchant vessels. 1997 R. Silverberg 416 A day later he [sc. O. van Noort] made prize of a Chinese sampan bound for Manila with a cargo of rice and lead. Compounds In historical contexts, with the sense ‘of or relating to booty, plunder, etc.; that has been seized or confiscated as a prize of war’. C1. 1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant ii. 18 This is prize-Brandy, we steal Custom, and it costs nothing. 1722 I. 31 If the Brandies were Prize Brandies, the Part thereof is contained in the first Breach for selling seventy Tons, which had come to his hands in the joint Account. 1811 9 Sept. 4/5 About 200 casks of prize brandy. 1998 L. M. Cullen vii. 201 Only the Guernsey houses, with an extensive business in prize wine and brandy from their successful privateering..maintained an interest in French wine and brandy. 1747 (title) Observations on the course of proceeding in Admiralty Courts in prize causes. 1818 14 Mar. 2/3 The sort of payment for which he contended was recognized in one case, that of prize causes. 1988 45 428 Jay consulted eminent counsel about procedure in prize causes in general..and about the condemnations at Martinique in particular. 1606 E. Scott sig. M Two Dutch ships set saile for Holland, the one beeing a small ship, which had laden Pepper at Bantan, the other had taken in some Cloues at Tarnata, the rest of her lading was of prize goods, which was taken out of the ships which came from Cambaia. 1791 W. Fox (ed. 6) 12 Thus, considering war as unlawful, they consider goods obtained through that medium, as criminally obtained, and will not suffer any of their members to purchase prize-goods. 1826 J. Kent I. xvii. 334 I know of no other definition of prize goods..than that they are goods taken on high seas jure belli, out of the hands of the enemy. 1980 95 901 Langley's part in the disposal of the prize goods from the captured Portuguese carrack Madre de Dios in 1592. 1782 426 The said marshal finds it impossible..to comply with the directions of the said act, enjoining him to make a division of the prize property among the captors. 1829 J. Shipp II. 183 I took the liberty of taking the rut and horse to camp as prize property. 1988 45 433 Powerful West India merchants..had learned from their correspondents about proceedings with regard to prize property in the conquered islands. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid > maritime 1522–3 in J. D. Marwick (1869) I. 213 The pris schip and gudis now laitlie taken be the Franchemen and brocht in the havyn..of Leith. 1673 in J. D. Marwick (1950) X. 144 The pryze shipp takine be Capitan Winster. 1710 26 June 2/2 On the said day arrived Her Majesties Ship the Feversham..with Col. Hunter, our Governour, and with him a Prize ship of 300 Tons. 1804 16 Nov. 3/4 On the 13th of August last, John Morgan was appointed watch at midnight, on board a prize ship, called the Jacobina. 1997 Feb. 58 Of 254 prize ships captured between 1589 and 1591, only 16 included gold and sliver as major items of cargo. 1712 (title) Reasons humbly offer'd for the relief of several merchants, importers of prize sugars, indico, and cotton, from America. 1804 21 Dec. 3/3 If you prefer to have them coopered by your own agents, take them away; you are at perfect liberty to do so. To this it might be answered, that prize sugars cannot be removed. 1997 40 83 The refiners threatened to break the West Indian monopoly of the British sugar market when they sought permission to refine foreign ‘prize sugars’. C2. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > naval officials > [noun] > agents > function of 1779 T. Baillie 130/1 I was a Prize-agent in the beginning of the last war, and in the war preceding that; but as soon as I had the honour of being appointed one of the Secretaries of the Admiralty, I declined all Prize agency. 1802 23 Dec. 2/3 When the clause relative to prize agency was read, the Duke of Clarence said, he thought a short bill on this subject would be better, and more effectual. 1995 110 1083 T. Gutridge examines the introduction of central inspection of naval prize agency, 1793–1815. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > naval officials > [noun] > agents 1766 88/1 The bill for obliging prize agents to account for unclaimed monies. 1802 Ld. Nelson Parl. Speech 21 Dec. in A. Duncan (1806) 213 Transactions..with any of the boards or prize agents. 2000 (Nexis) 15 May 22 Nelson, for whom patriotic pride came second only to the lure of the gold doubloon, never sailed without his personal prize agent. society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts dealing with maritime or river matters 1775 4 In 1704, a draught of a commission for prize-courts in the West Indies, dated 1 April, was sent to Sir Charles Hedges. 1915 9 Dec. 4/2 The first Prize Court held in this country since the Crimean war sat on September 4th, 1914. 1989 43 122 Admiralties acted as prize-courts too. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > squad or crew for special duty > on captured ship 1808 10 Aug. A valuable British merchant ship, taken by a French privateer, was sent with a prize crew into Algeziras. 1916 3 Feb. 2/4 A small boat put out with a boarding party and in a short time a prize crew was in possession of the ship. 1992 Apr. 32/2 When HMS Truant ordered the Tropic Sea to stop, the ship was scuttled by the German prize crew. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > administration and ceremonial > [noun] > list of officers or sailors 1782 in (Brit. Mus.) (1883) V. 558 Prize Lists. 1794 Ld. Nelson in (1845) I. 417 You want a Prize-List for one vessel taken by Tartar and myself. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Prize-list, a return of all the persons on board..at the time a capture is made; those who may be absent on duty are included. 2004 (Nexis) 6 Mar. d5 Another of the former slaves, Daniel Brooks, coal heaver, later served on the Britannia, earning $20 a month, according to its ‘prize list’, when the ship helped capture the Blenheim, an English steamer, on Jan. 25, 1865. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > master > commanding captured ship 1653 17 May 849 The Governor of Tinmouth Castle,..having received no Orders how to dispose of them, nor allowance to give them, advised with the Prize-master about it. 1760 in (1911) XLVII. 125 He put a Prize Master (as he called him) and three more of his Hands on board the Sloop. 1893 XXXIV. 152/1 Louis was appointed prize-master of the Phœnix. 1997 (Nexis) Apr. 120 Most of the action he encountered was off the Pacific coast of South America, where at one point he was appointed prize master of a captured vessel. 1653 R. Blake 7 A List of 56 prizes are already brought into the Prize-Office. 1706 (new ed.) Prize-Office, an Office appointed for the Sale of Ships taken from an Enemy as lawful Prize. 1840 28 Mar. 7/3 He knew the prisoner, and had frequently seen him at the prize-office, when applications for prize-money were made there. 1984 99 832 This is admittedly a dusky area, since we lack adequate studies of the High Court and of the Prize Office. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † prizen.3Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item.. Etymon: prize n.1 Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps a transferred use of prize n.1With the possible sense development compare ancient Greek ἄθλον ‘the prize of a contest, a prize’, also ‘a contest’ (see athlete n.). Obsolete. society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > [noun] > prize-fight α. 1565 J. Calfhill f. 16v When ye masters of defence, came to play their prises, he [sc. Nero] would beholde them in his ring. ?1577 J. Northbrooke 78 I meane not to condemne such publike games or prices as are appoynted by the Magistrate. 1596 E. Spenser vi. viii. sig. Ff6v His leg through his late luckelesse prise, Was crackt in twaine. View more context for this quotation 1597 T. Beard ii. xvi. 299 The people being gathered togither to behold the fencers prises, were fiftie thousand of them hurt and maimed..by the Amphitheatre that fell vpon them. 2. society > leisure > sport > match or competition > take part in match or competition [verb (intransitive)] > engage in match or competition the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > be occupied or busy (in or at something) [verb (intransitive)] > be involved in or have to do with something > play one's part α. 1565 [see sense 1α. ]. 1592 R. Greene sig. B3v Ieatting vp and downe like the Usher of a Fense-schoole about to playe his Pryse. 1607 B. Jonson v. ii. sig. L2 Thou 'hast playd thy prise, my precious Mosca. View more context for this quotation 1642 D. Rogers 197 This base carnality plaies her prises one way or other, and dares act her part upon Gods stage. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy viii. xx. 295 That yeare were erected in the great race called Circus, the Barriers, from whence the horses and their chariots are let forth, when they run their prices. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fight [verb (intransitive)] > prize-fight 1662 M. W. 5 Goodwit What wilt thou say thy Master fought a prize? Dick I mean that to the field he challeng'd him At twenty weapons, came off clear at all. 1680 M. Stevenson 22 When all your Friends lay strong Devices, And get a fame by fighting Prizes, This for your honour we'll intrench, That you betray'd a silly Wench. 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn vii. 8 A Circus or Amphitheatre, wherein Prizes were anciently Fought. 1712 J. Arbuthnot iv. 9 He..went about through all the Country Fairs challenging People to fight Prizes, Wrestling and Cudgel-Play. 1764 I. 66 He had made it his business to fight prizes, an exercise which the pride of his heart carried him to, and which he now looked upon as heathenish and barbarous. Compounds 1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal 36 Our nointed clowne prize-playing ornaments Or a poore basket-scrambling gown contents [L. Rusticus ille tuus sumit trechedipna, Quirine, Et ceromatico fert niceteria collo]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2021). prizev.1Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French prisier. Etymology: < Middle French prisier, priser to value, to make a valuation of, to esteem, to praise (see praise v. ). In early use there is no clear semantic distinction between this verb and praise v. (see discussion at that entry). Subsequently, a further differentiation occurred between this verb and price v. (see discussion at that entry).In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). I. Senses relating to valuing or estimating. 1. society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > attach a price to [verb (transitive)] > set or fix price (of) α. a1325 (2011) v. 7 Þe godes sullen bileue to þe king, ant sullen ben iprised bi þe schirreue. c1400 (Bute) c. 29 The skathys aucht to be prysyt and partyt betwx the twa schyppis. (Harl. 221) 414 Prysyn, or settyn a pryce, taxo, metaxo. 1478 in J. Dalyell & J. Beveridge (1938) 7 That all the housis..to be prisit now be lele trew men. 1530 J. Palsgrave 666/2 I prise ware, I sette a price of a thyng what it is worthe, je aprise. 1572 (a1500) (1882) 254 Thair may thow sell..als deir as thow will prys. 1611 Zech. xi. 13 A goodly price, that I was prised at. View more context for this quotation 1625 S. Purchas ii. x. iv. 1709 (margin) There Pearles are prised according to the Caracts which they weigh. 1713 S. Sewall 2 June (1973) II. 717 Owen took a Cow of Veisy pris'd at £4.0-0. 1888 F. T. Elworthy at Praise I do praise thick yeffer in vourteen poun', and I wid'n zill 'n vor no less. 1890 J. D. Robertson 118 Prise, to appraise. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > gamble at a game [verb (transitive)] > stake something in game a1592 R. Greene (1594) sig. Hv Th'art worthie of the title of a squire: That durst for proofe of thy affection, And for thy mistresse fauour prize thy bloud. society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (transitive)] > bid for or offer to buy 1592 Countess of Pembroke tr. R. Garnier ii. sig. G2v But terror here and horror, nought is seene: And present death prizing our life each hower [Fr. Et la presente mort nous marchande à tous coups]. 2. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)] α. c1400 (?c1380) 1131 (MED) Best watz he, blyþest, moste to pryse, Þat euer I herde of speche spent. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) 4960 Eelde can ageyn restreyne From sich foly..But yvell she spendith hir servise, For no man wole hir love neither prise. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) i. 239 And suld think fredome mar to prys Than all the gold in warld that is. a1500 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson (1933) 101 (MED) Ðis ston is most Iprysed in þe lapidary. 1508 (Chepman & Myllar) sig. diiv I aught as prynce him to prise for his prouese. c1550 (1979) xvii. 122 Ignorance is prisit, prudens is scornit. c1615 W. Mure ix In bewty, (loue's sueit object), ravischt sight Doth some peculiar perfectioun pryse [rhyme lyes]. 1665 R. Boyle vi. iii. sig. Nn4v That we..prise many [customs] of our own onely because we never consider'd them. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [verb (transitive)] the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > place value on α. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 505 He wald nocht pris his liff a stra, With-thi he vengeans on hym mycht ta. a1513 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 88 A prodigall man I am so prysit. a1574 Earl of Glencairn in J. Knox (1846) I. 73 Our stait hypocrisie they prysse,..Sayand, That we are heretikes. 1596 sig. C3 Yf on my beauty take yt if thou canst, Though litle I do prise it ten tymes lesse. 1600 W. Shakespeare iii. i. 90 Hauing so swift and excellent a wit, As she is prisde to haue. View more context for this quotation ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer vii. 38 I am thy brother, and thy life, with mine is euenly prisde. 1724 A. Ramsay Vision in I. vii Devysing, and prysing, Freidom at ony rate. 1596 E. Spenser Hymne Heauenly Loue in 175 How can we thee requite for all this good? Or what can prize that thy most precious blood? †II. Senses relating to praise or commendation. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)] c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 9 Ilke man did sum thing, yat was mekle to lowe, and to pris. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) x. 776 Of this deid,..The Erll wes prisit gretumly. a1513 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 239 Sic ladyis wyis Thay ar to pryis. 1567 in J. Cranstoun (1991) I. v. 16 Gif him all thankis..And pryse his name with all ȝour micht. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). prizev.2 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: prize n.2 the mind > possession > taking > seizing > seize [verb (transitive)] > by (public) authority society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (transitive)] > capture or seize as prize α. a1500 (?c1450) 670 (MED) Pharien of Trebes and leonce of Paierne com that wey for to prise [Fr. prendre] the Castell. 1535 Dan. iii. F All people..which speake eny blasphemy agaynst the God of Sydrac, Misac and Abdenago, shal dye, and their houses shalbe prysed. 1581 W. Lambarde i. xviii. 166 If any bee afterward found offending,..their armour and weapon shall be prised,..to the use of the Queene. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer xi. 385 To kill the five Hippasides And prise their arms. α. 1568 C. Watson tr. Polybius f. 60v The Romans being both more in number and valianter men, prised her [sc. the Rhodians' ship] without labour and toke the Rhodian. 1591 T. James Let. 14 Sept. in R. Hakluyt (1600) III. 191 The one [ship]..being prised near Silley, by a ship of which I am part owner. 1622 G. de Malynes 145 If it happen a Ship to be prised for debt or otherwise to bee forfeited, yet the Mariners hire is to be payed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1adj.a1275n.2c1330 n.31565v.1a1325 v.2a1500 |
