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单词 privy
释义

privyadj.n.adv.

Brit. /ˈprɪvi/, U.S. /ˈprɪvi/
Forms:

α. Middle English priuay, Middle English priuee, Middle English priuei, Middle English priueþ (transmission error), Middle English priueye, Middle English priva, Middle English privay, Middle English privee, Middle English privei, Middle English pryfe, Middle English pryuay, Middle English pryuee, Middle English pryuei, Middle English pryueie, Middle English pryve, Middle English pryvee, Middle English prywey, Middle English (in a late copy) 1500s–1600s priuie, Middle English–1500s pryue, Middle English–1500s pryuey, Middle English–1500s pryueye, Middle English–1500s pryuye, Middle English–1500s pryvye, Middle English–1600s priue, Middle English–1600s priuey, Middle English–1600s priuy, Middle English–1600s priuye, Middle English–1600s prive, Middle English–1600s privey, Middle English–1600s privi, Middle English–1600s privie, Middle English–1600s privye, Middle English–1600s pryuy, Middle English–1600s pryvay, Middle English–1600s pryvey, Middle English–1600s pryvie, Middle English–1600s pryvy, Middle English– privy, 1900s– privvy; Scottish pre-1700 prif (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 priuay, pre-1700 priue, pre-1700 priuee, pre-1700 priuey, pre-1700 priuie, pre-1700 privay, pre-1700 prive, pre-1700 privee, pre-1700 privey, pre-1700 privye, pre-1700 priwa, pre-1700 priway, pre-1700 priwe, pre-1700 priwie, pre-1700 pryue, pre-1700 pryvay, pre-1700 pryve, pre-1700 pryvee, pre-1700 pryvei, pre-1700 pryvie, pre-1700 prywe, pre-1700 prywie, pre-1700 prywy, pre-1700 1700s privie, pre-1700 1700s– privy.

β. Middle English preuay, Middle English preue, Middle English preuee, Middle English preuei, Middle English preueyȝe, Middle English preui, Middle English prevee, Middle English previ, Middle English prewey, Middle English–1500s preuey, Middle English–1500s prevay, Middle English–1500s preve, Middle English–1500s prevey, Middle English–1500s prevye, Middle English–1600s preuy, Middle English–1600s preuye, Middle English–1600s previe, Middle English–1600s prevy, 1500s preuie; Scottish pre-1700 preavie, pre-1700 preivie, pre-1700 preue, pre-1700 preuey, pre-1700 preuie, pre-1700 preva, pre-1700 prevay, pre-1700 prevaye, pre-1700 preve, pre-1700 prevey, pre-1700 previe, pre-1700 prevy, pre-1700 prewa, pre-1700 prewae, pre-1700 preway, pre-1700 prewaye, pre-1700 prewe, pre-1700 prewey, pre-1700 prewy, pre-1700 prievie, 1800s preevy.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French prevé, privé.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman prevé (also privié ) and Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French privé (French privé ) (adjective) intimate or familiar (c1140 in Old French), belonging to or reserved for the exclusive use of a particular person or group of people (c1140), (of an animal) tame (c1160), secret, confidential (1174), having or sharing in knowledge of (something secret and private) (a1321 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (of a place) isolated (c1341), (noun) intimate, confidential, or trusted friend (c1140), latrine (13th cent. as privee (feminine), 1538 as privé (masculine)), (in legal use) one of two or more people having shared interests through a blood relationship (c1290 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (in legal use) one of two or more people who are parties to and have shared interests in an action, contract, conveyance, etc. (a1321 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), fellow citizen (first half of the 13th cent.), denizen, inhabitant (c1300 or earlier) < classical Latin privātus private adj.1 Compare later private adj.1 and the Romance parallels cited at that entry. With use as noun compare privity n.In in privy at sense B. 2 after Anglo-Norman en privé (second half of the 13th cent. or earlier).
A. adj.
I. Private, personal; familiar, acquainted.
†1.
a. Of a person: intimate or familiar (with someone; cf. private adj.1 7b); trusted; belonging to one's close circle of friends or companions. Obsolete.Sometimes (esp. in later quots.) with admixture of sense A. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [adjective] > intimate or familiar > privately intimate
privy?c1225
secret1470
private1574
confidential1759
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 130 Ȝehabbeð þe world iflowen..tobeo priuee wið ure lauerd.
c1300 St. Katherine (Laud) 180 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 97 Sire porfirie, þat was hire priue knyȝt.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2074 (MED) Mileuedy me sent þe tille, For icham priue.
c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 48 (MED) Þe deuel..for þat he is pryue, þe more he may greue.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 4417 Euery lordyng..ȝyf his stuwarde hym oght wynne..Hym wyl holde most pryue.
1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 179/1 He..coude remeve fro the seid Frenssh Kyng the pryvyest man of his Counseill.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 4 Hyr damoysel & preuy felowe.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 227 Sum of his preue men.
1535 T. Cranmer Let. 18 Nov. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) II. 66 Servant unto the Cardinall..& more privy with him of all Secrets than any other about him.
c1565 Bugbears iii. iii. 137 Be you sure we ar as privy wth divels and wth sprites as the brethern of syent paull hear in Italie.
1644 J. Milton tr. M. Bucer Ivdgem. conc. Divorce 15 If she be privie with those that plot against the State.
a1645 D. Featley in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus (1651) 305 Zuinglius, Peter Martyr,..Lavater, Geznar, and other privy Pastours of the reformed Churches beyond the Seas.
1673 W. Lloyd Late Apol. in Behalf of Papists Reprinted & Answered 29 (side note) Baldwin, Hammond, Tesmund, and Gerard, were named by the Conspirators, as privy with them.
b. Relating to sexual activity or procreation. (In quot. a1425: sexually intimate.) Obsolete.Recorded earliest in privy member n. at Compounds 1b. In later use this, and other compounds denoting the sexual organs (see Compounds 1b), privy is more likely to be interpreted as ‘private’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sex organs > [adjective]
privyc1325
pudendal1772
pudical1787
pudic1795
sexual1825
copulatory1836
copulative1855
primary1871
perigenital1953
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [adjective] > sexually intimate
privyc1325
familiara1500
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11731 Hii ne bileuede nouȝt þis, Þat is priue membres hii ne corue of.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 5964 So dyverse and so many ther be That with my modir [sc. Venus] have be prive.
a1450 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson Eng. Mediaeval Lapidaries (1933) 37 (MED) Corneal..staunchith blode..specially of a woman that hath the priue maladye [i.e. menstruation].
a1475 Sir Gawain & Carl Carlisle (1951) 466 (MED) For softnis of þat ladys syde..Gawen wolde haue doun þe prevey far.
a1500 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 3 (MED) Lordes wille is londes law..lechery callyd pryve solace.
c. Of an animal: domesticated or tame. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective]
tamec888
mildOE
meekc1175
privy1340
unwilda1400
familiar1483
gentle?1531
domestical1562
inward1575
inwards1575
housal1611
domestic1620
cicurated1646
domesticated1802
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 230 Þe priue [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues tame] cat bezengþ ofte his scin.
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 35 Neuere shal he be so prive..þat he ne shal loke..ȝif he may do eny harme.
a1475 Dis. Hawk (Harl. 2340) f. 23v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Prive Whan þi hawke hath knowyng of þe and is preuy I now, than lett hir to reclayme on þis wyse.
a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 80 Prive and tame [Cf. c1484 J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. homely and socyal; L. priuatus & domesticus] as a colver.
2.
a. Belonging to or reserved for the exclusive use of a particular person or group of people; that is one's own; = private adj.1 5a. Formerly also: †(of an attendant) personal (obsolete). Now chiefly historical.Surviving mainly in compounds where the sense of privy is more or less unanalysed, as privy chamber n., privy council n., privy counsellor n., privy purse n., privy seal n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > own > own private
privyc1300
private1442
appropriate1628
separate1673
c1300 St. Dunstan (Harl.) 60 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 36 For he nolde..idel beo A priuei smyþþe bi his celle: he gan him biseo.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10432 (MED) Sco had a maiden hight vtaine, Þat was hir priue [v.r. preue] chaumbur-laine.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 4490 For Archelaus and Salome And for his oþer pryue meignee.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 182 (MED) Prestre Iohn..rideth with a pryuy meynee.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 54 (MED) Ye woll vyolently vsurpe to exercise the divine office, and turne it vnto pryve glorye.
1558–9 Act 1 Eliz. c. 2 (Act of Uniformity) Either in Common Churches or pryvye Chappelles or Oratories.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. x. 90 Ordained for the priuy kitchin of the great Lord, & the other for the common sort.
1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. cxv. 561 Neither very much augmenting his prive fortune, or..diminishing his Patrimony.
1670 L. Stuckley Gospel-glasse x. 86 We would count it a favour, if a Prince would give us a privy Key, to come to him when we please.
1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. lxiii. 260 The King..took him into his Privy-garden.
1701 G. G. Lansdowne Jew of Venice iv. i. 37 The party against whom he shall contrive, Shall seize on half his Goods: The other half Comes to the privy Coffers of the State.
1738 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant 280 Another Door..opens immediately from a Privy-Stair down into the Porch or Street, without giving the least Disturbance to the House.
1823 Times 7 Apr. 4/4 Sales by auction... Valuable building materials of a mansion, in privy garden.
1871 Littell's Living Age 16 Dec. 700 The ‘King's Privy Kitchen’ and the ‘Household Kitchen’ are no longer distinct.
1923 E. K. Chambers Elizabethan Stage I. iv. 141 At the south end was a gallery for spectators, communicating by another across the highway with the privy apartments.
1978 M. Girouard Life Eng. Country House iii. 57 A private dining and reception room, with a suite of private chambers beyond it, all collectively known as the privy lodgings.
1993 Guardian 25 Sept. (Weekend Suppl.) 53/2 Here is the privy stair up which Darnley and his associates came murderously lurking.
b. Peculiar to or characteristic of a particular individual, people, etc.; distinguishing, distinctive. Chiefly in privy mark: (spec. in Numismatics) a distinctive mark made in the manufacture of a coin (in later use frequently interpreted in sense A. 6).When applied to marks on the body sometimes hard to distinguish from sense A. 6a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adjective] > belonging to a particular thing or person
specialc1230
proper1340
peculiara1475
specifical?a1475
singular?a1513
private1526
privy1560
personed1565
individual1570
particular1582
idiotical1655
specific1665
sacred1667
specific1667
specifiala1670
idiomatic1771
idiomatical1774
appropriate1796
exclusive1804
propriate1820
especial1854
dedicated1969
1560 Summarie Certaine Reasons sig. A.ivv At the coynage of ye same base Testons..there were set therto certayn markes, as a Lion, a rose, a floure deluce, or a harp, called the priuie markes of such as weare then masters of the mint.
1611 W. Vaughan Spirit of Detraction iv. xii. 160 For proofe whereof, hee offered to disclose certaine priuie markes on her body.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. vii. 128 What art their Priests did use, to keep up the breed, and preserve succession of cattell with such γνωρίσματα, or privy marks, I list not to enquire.
1663–4 G. Fox Short Jrnl. 391 Goulde of the standard of 23 carrotts 3 graynes and a halfe taken out of the pixe, the privie marke being the feathers.
1780 W. Woods Twins: alt. from Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors ii. 35 [He] told me what privy Signs [a1616 Shakespeare priuie markes] I had about me; as the marks on my Shoulder, the Mole in my Neck, [etc.].
1929 F. Hackett Henry VIII vi. 362 That Manox knew a privy mark on the Queen's body, and that Francis Derham had slept with her, was clearly something of which Katheryn's husband ought to be informed.
1962 Hesperia 31 148 The problem [of mint attribution] is less difficult than that of dating coins. The privy-marks have been recorded.
1984 Coin Monthly Jan. 43/1 Joly chose an owl as his privy mark, and this appeared on the 2 franc coins issued in 1958 and on the 1 and 2 francs of 1959.
†3. Of or relating to a person in his or her private or unofficial capacity; personal; = private adj.1 4a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [adjective] > in a non-official capacity
privya1387
private1421
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 91 (MED) Þey gooþ to priue [?a1475 anon. tr. priuate; L. privata] offis and to comyn feestes.
1468 in H. J. Smit Bronnen tot de Geschiedenis van den Handel (1928) I. ii. 1019 And there be my gud racorde maid off ȝow and other gud priwa laboris thai haff proclamyt that [etc.].
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) iii. 328 Before the preface the preste sayeth preuy prayers by hymselfe.
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Aaiv Her grace beynge with a priuy family in the parke of Theukesbery.
1567 in Cal. Scottish Papers (1900) I. 398 Hir previe lettrez writtin and subscrivit with hir awin hand and sent be hir to James erll Boithvile.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xii. 211 Ethelred..sent priuy letters into euery place of note, where the Danes by truce peaceably resided, to the English, commanding them..suddainly to put them, as respectiue occasion best fitted, to fire or sword.
1617 in Act Bk. Kirkwall Sheriff Ct. (1939) f. 9v That nane buy martis fishe oill..to sell again for thair privie gain.
4. In predicative use. Chiefly with to (formerly also with †of, or †with clause as complement).
a. Having or sharing in knowledge of (something secret or private); privately cognizant of; intimately acquainted with or accessory to. Cf. private adj.1 12.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adjective] > entrusted with secrets
privya1393
derna1400
secret1470
secre?1553
private1601
conscious1609
confident of1659
fellow-knowing1662
confidant1816
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 4631 Which art prive to tho doinges.
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 1862 (MED) A monke..was hym þo nyȝe & also..preueyȝe of his conselle.
1484 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 42 Ne noon of theim wer nevere prevey to ye sealing of ye forsaid forged and untrue testimonyall.
1537 T. Starkey Let. in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxxxi. 194 Few among al your lovers and friends, which are privy of your judgment.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxv The Maior makynge his frendes priuie what he would doe.
1573 J. Stow Annales (1605) 776 It is necessarie to consider what persons we shall first make priuy of this politike conclusion.
a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1677) v. 226 A number of presumptuous likelihoods and conjectures, to make it appear she was privy to the Murther.
1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 77 To the end that his Highness might be confident of their Proceedings, and privy to all their Passages.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. vii. 127 He would rather lose half his Kingdom than be privy to such a Secret.
1787 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 154 Those who may have supposed me privy to this proposition.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxv. 387 [Prince Bladud escaped] considerately leaving his dinner knife in the heart of his gaoler, lest the poor fellow..should be considered privy to his flight.
a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. iv. 211 The clergy believed that they alone were privy to the counsels of the Almighty.
1892 Times 1 Feb. 7/6 The master of a foreign ship, and the owner if he is privy to the offence, is liable to a penalty not exceeding £5 for every hundred cubic feet of wood goods carried upon deck in contravention of the section.
1935 W. Faulkner Pylon 153 The schedule of these events can be neither information nor surprise to us, since we were privy to the arranging of them.
1994 Bottom Line 15 Sept. 8/2 Do not allow your agent to be privy to every facet of your bidding plans.
†b. Possessing esoteric knowledge of; versed or skilled in (a given subject). Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 121 (MED) To this science [sc. theology] ben prive The clerkes of divinite.
1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 449/2 Brocours aliens..been nowe so prive and expert of Merchandises.
II. Hidden, secret.
5. Acting or carried out in secret or by stealth; clandestine, furtive, surreptitious. Now archaic. N.E.D. (1908) describes this sense as ‘Often opposed to apert, pert’, but this is not borne out by the evidence. Cf. sense A. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adjective]
privyc1230
thiefly1395
stalkinga1400
slyc1440
insidious1545
clanculary1563
hedge-creeping1579
thievish1587
sneaking1590
tiptoe1593
peaking1595
underworking1605
stealthya1616
subtlea1616
surreptitious?1615
clancular1621
stealthful?1624
insidiary1625
worming1631
subterranean1643
clancularious1656
hugger-mugger1692
slink1792
slinking1841
instealing1844
thief-like1847
furtive1859
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 102 Nunnen..gað..to herie godd wið loftsong. oðer biddeð him priuee bonen.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11573 (MED) Priue parlement bituene hom hii nome.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. v. 16 Be þou not clepid a twisel tunge or a preue bacbiter.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 7234 (MED) Als traitur dern and priue theif.
?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. pr. iii. 122 If he be a pryve awaytour yhid..thou schalt seyn hym lik to the fox whelpes.
1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 447/1 Diverse persones..by..prive roberyes..have sodenly comyn to grett rychesse.
a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 100 (MED) He thynketh gile, and to prive manaces he attendith.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxix The Turke..by priuie espiall, knewe the determination of the Senate longe before.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xviii. 159 When ye giue a mocke vnder smooth and lowly wordes..the Greeks call it (charientismus) we may call it the priuy nippe, or a myld and appeasing mockery.
1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 23 in Justa Edouardo King Besides what the grimme wolf with privy paw Daily devoures apace.
1661 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) Reptitious, that creeps; or, by privy means, gets to high estate.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 48 Here I gave myself up to the old insipid privy shifts of self-viewing, self-touching, self-enjoying.
1864 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta 1636 Fallen by war Or by the nets and knives of privy death.
1904 M. Hewlett Queen's Quair i. iv. 50 After some purparley, at a privy audience, he came to what he called ‘close quarters’.
1993 P. O'Brian Wine-dark Sea iii. 61 To avoid the tedium of self-sacrifice, protests against the sacrifice, and privy maundering afterwards it had long been agreed that they should share accordingly.
6.
a. Of a material object: withdrawn or kept from public sight; concealed, hidden. Of a location: secluded, not public or much frequented. Now rare (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [adjective] > hidden
dighela1000
dernc1000
wriena1250
privyc1300
unshewedc1386
wrapped1398
quatc1425
tectc1440
blinda1522
coucheda1522
dark1532
lurkingc1540
velated1542
hiddena1547
inclusive1554
concealed1558
secret1559
occult1567
disguised1594
occulted1598
derned1600
shrouded1600
latent1605
abstrused1608
supposed1608
unshown1614
enshielda1616
retruse1623
dissembled1631
researched1636
recondite1649
delitescent1653
larved1654
tected1657
bedilt1660
bosomed1667
inhidden1674
underground1677
abditive1727
secreted1756
unextruded1808
unprotruded1812
undisplayed1822
larvated1832
dissimulated1838
latescent1852
squat1956
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adjective]
sundereOE
privyc1300
close1393
private1472
soleinc1475
secret1528
retired1595
implicit1610
cabinet1611
underhanda1616
closet1639
umbratile1640
closeteda1649
curtain1661
recluse1673
snug1710
pocket1804
entre nous1806
underground1820
sub rosa1824
esoterical1850
esoteric1876
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adjective] > innermost
inmostc897
innerc900
privyc1300
intrinsic1490
interior1548
intrinsical1548
inward1548
secret1548
retired1596
in-pent1613
bosom1640
sneaking1748
interior1775
inside1888
c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) 23 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 220 To wende into a priue stude and stille, Þare he miȝte beo al one.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 142 (MED) He uelþ þe greate zuetnesse of confort þet god yefþ ine priue stedes.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 836 (MED) Stille, with a prive lyht..he hath his weie take Into the chambre.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 4608 (MED) Whan he wendyþ to þe tournament, She sendyþ hym sum pryuy present.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 27 I wolde kynge Ban and Bors..were put in a woode here besyde in an inbusshemente and kept them prevy.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 257 Departed he by a pryvy posterne.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cxxxiii. 373 Go thou the moost preuyest wayes thou canste (thou knowest all the preuy wayes of the countrey).
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 128 Round about the ditch there should be another like vault or priuie way.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 194 He goeth to stoole in some priuie place.
1628 R. Le Grys tr. J. Barclay Argenis 15 Those which built this house, digged a priuy way under ground, which, besides my selfe, is knowne to no one liuing.
1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth IV. 140 The Place did begin to grow privy.
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1855) II. i. 2 A poet must retire to privy places and meditate his rhymes in secret.
1886 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. VI. dlxv. 74 He laid it in bags and setting them in a privy place, locked them up with an iron padlock.
1998 Re: ‘Massively Heavy Marriage Tackle’ in nz.soc.queer (Usenet newsgroup) 28 June They would say ‘Have you done your duty by Mistress Relict's shins?’ and if both had, they would retire to a privy place and relieve the tensions so generated.
2006 www.dunx.org 22 Mar. (O.E.D. Archive) And the prophet took him to Bank, but gave him the slip and took a privy passage to Monument.
b. Of an action, fact, circumstance, etc.: secret, confidential; kept from public knowledge. Now rare (archaic in later use).In formal contexts sometimes opposed to apert adj. 1 or pert adj. 1a. See also sense C.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > [adjective] > knowing about, familiar with
craftyOE
slyc1175
coutha1225
well acquainteda1250
privyc1300
cunningc1325
well-groundeda1438
acquainted?a1439
familiar1509
at home1531
overseen1533
intelligent1546
long-experienced1567
conversant1573
skilful1596
accomplished1603
frequent1609
well (better, best) verseda1610
understanding1612
sound1615
studieda1616
technical1617
versed1622
conversing1724
versant1787
on intimate habits1809
special1830
inquainted1849
pre-acquainted1907
sophisticated1952
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [adjective]
privyc1300
personal1748
c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) 290 And to al his privei consail [c1300 Laud priueitez] Seint Thomas he nom.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xlvii. 18 It is not preue [a1425 L.V. hid; L. clam] fro þe þat wiþ outen bodys & lond we han nouȝt.
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 135 (MED) To a trewe frend and a trewe louer, my pryuye secretis ben maad opyn.
c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross Middle Eng. Serm. (1940) 192 (MED) It longeþ not only to God to deme of synnes þat been prevy, but also of opone.
?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Harl. 6579) i. vi. f. 4v (MED) Þis felynge..comeþ and gooþ as he wile þat ȝifiþ hit; and þerfore ho so haue hit..kep hit priue.
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 20 Preamble John Tayler..having pryve knowlege of the commyng of your seid Beseecher.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 269 b Nor ever obliged themselves by any promise privy or aperte, that they would accomplishe the same.
1707 Coles's Dict. Eng.-Lat. (ed. 6) A Privy matter, Arcanum.
1767–77 Rolls of Parliament VII. p. xliii The said John Taylor, Cristofore, and Gerard Tayler, and their Adherents, having privy Knowledge of the coming of Your said Beseecher, [etc.].
1879 A. W. Ward Chaucer i. 41 Our national life in this period..in its ‘apert’, if not in its ‘privy’ sides..lacks the seriousness belonging to men and to generations.
1903 H. Pyle Story King Arthur & His Knights i. i. 17 Tell no man of this but keep it privy in thine own heart.
1982 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 102 21/2 Shall secrets be uncovered thus, the privy matters of the chambers be sought out?
†c. Of which the presence or existence is not known or recognized; of which no indication is visible or discernible; not outwardly evident. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > [adjective]
privya1398
palliate?a1425
beguiled1561
masked1567
covert1574
retired1596
remote1601
palliated1612
unsuspected1620
lapped1637
sopited1646
veiled1651
perdua1734
ulterior1735
screened1844
marzipanned1979
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 157v Passynge of þe see is perilouse for priue rokkes, þat ben y-hidde vndir watir.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcijv Whether it wer for a priuie sickenes, or an open impediment,..this mocion vanished.
1563 A. Neville in B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. F.iiii To shun, The priuy lurkyng hookes.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 20 The Marriner is more endaungered by priuye shelues, then knowen rockes.
1654 J. Trapp Comm. Psalms xi. 2 The privie armour of proof, that the Saints have about their breasts.
†d. Of words: difficult, recondite. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > depth, obscurity > [adjective]
higheOE
dighela1000
deepc1000
darkOE
starkOE
dusk?c1225
subtle1340
dimc1350
subtilea1393
covert1393
mystica1398
murka1400
cloudyc1400
hard?c1400
mistyc1400
unclearc1400
diffuse1430
abstractc1450
diffused?1456
exquisitec1460
obnubilous?a1475
obscure?a1475
covered1484
intricate?a1500
nice?a1500
perplexeda1500
difficilea1513
difficult1530
privy1532
smoky1533
secret1535
abstruse?1549
difficul1552
entangled1561
confounded1572
darksome1574
obnubilate1575
enigmatical1576
confuse1577
mysteriousa1586
Delphic1598
obfuscatea1600
enfumed1601
Delphicala1603
obstruse1604
abstracted1605
confused1611
questionable1611
inevident1614
recondite1619
cryptic1620
obfuscated1620
transcendent1624
Delphian1625
oraculous1625
enigmatic1628
recluse1629
abdite1635
undilucidated1635
clouded1641
benighted1647
oblite1650
researched1653
obnubilated1658
obscurative1664
tenebrose1677
hyperbyssal1691
condite1695
diffusive1709
profound1710
tenebricose1730
oracular1749
opaque1761
unenlightening1768
darkling1795
offuscating1798
unrecognizable1817
tough1820
abstrusive1848
obscurant1878
out-of-focus1891
unplumbable1895
inenubilable1903
non-transparent1939
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer Prol. f. cccxxv The vnderstandyng of englysshmen wol not stretche to the priuy termes in frenche.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxliiii I canne it not otherwyse nempne, for wantynge of priuy wordes.
B. n.
I. Denoting a thing, place, etc.
1. A room or small building set aside for people to urinate and defecate in; (in later use) esp. one situated outside a dwelling or without plumbing (as contrasted with an indoor plumbed toilet), a latrine. Cf. sense A. 6a. Also figurative.Recorded earliest in privy thirl n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]
gongOE
privy?c1225
room-housec1275
chamber foreignc1300
wardrobea1325
privy chamberc1325
foreignc1390
siegec1400
stool1410
jakes1432
house of easementa1438
kocayc1440
siege-hole1440
siege-house1440
privy house1463
withdraught1493
draught1530
shield1535
bench-hole1542
common house1542
stool1542
jakes house1547
boggard1552
house of office?1560
purging place1577
little house1579
issue1588
Ajax1596
draught-house1597
private1600
necessary house1612
vault1617
longhouse1622
latrine1623
necessary1633
commonsa1641
gingerbread officea1643
boghouse1644
cloaca1645
passage-house1646
retreat1653
shithouse1659
closet of ease1662
garderobe1680
backside1704
office1727
bog?1731
house of ease1734
cuz-john1735
easing-chair1771
backhouse1800
outhouse1819
netty1825
petty1848
seat of ease1850
closet1869
bathroom1883
crapper1927
lat1927
shouse1941
biffy1942
shitholec1947
toot1965
shitter1967
woodshed1974
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 202 A mid þe menske of þi neb þet is þe feȝereste del bitwene muðes smech & nases smel ne berest þu as twa priuees þurles.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 87 Tarquinus Priscus..made walles and vices and oþere strong places and priueþ [read priuey; v.r. pryvey; ?a1475 anon. tr. necessary thynges; L. cloacas].
c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale C. 527 A foul thyng is it..That of his throte he maketh his pryuee.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 273 (MED) Whanne he sittiþ at priuy he schal not streyne him-silf to harde.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 556 The king had in custum ay For to ris airly euirilk day, And pas weill fer fra his menȝe, Quhen he vald pas to the preue.
1530 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 364 A prevye comyng out of the Kynges Jayle in to the hie-wey, vnto the grett noysance of alle the inhabytantes.
1594 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 533 For making passage to the preveis in the ministeris clos.
1615 W. Goddard Neaste of Waspes 10 A godlie Father of the romishe sect A privie and ahogstie would erect.
1659 J. Howell Prov. Eng. Toung 18/2 in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) A true friend should be like a Privie, open in time of necessity.
1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 315 As if a Traveller should go about to describe a Palace, when he had seen nothing but the Privy.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxi. 263 His bowels suddenly burst out in a privy.
1812 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 33 228 A privy is called a little house.
1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. ii. 93 The clearing out a privy produced in twenty-three children violent vomiting.
1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover iv. 34 No one thinks of enquiring of another person at what hour he retires to the privy.
1972 R. Davies Manticore (1987) ii. i. 85 Farm people understandably dreaded their draughty privies in winter.
2004 Independent 17 Nov. (Property section) 13/3 She was horrified to find widespread reliance on the outdoor privy.
†2. Secrecy, privacy. Chiefly in in privy: in secret; in private; covertly. in privy or apert (also in privy or plain): secretly or openly; in private or in public. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [noun]
dighelnessc1000
dernship?c1225
derna1250
concealmenta1325
hidnessc1330
hiddennessc1380
privy1384
secrenessc1386
secre1390
stillnessa1400
secretnessa1475
hodelnessec1475
scuggery?a1500
hugger-mugger1529
closeness1562
secrecy1563
privatenessa1586
covertness1592
hugger-mug1654
privacy1702
conspiracy of silence1865
hush-hush1973
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adverb]
stillyc1000
dernlyc1175
dernea1200
privement?c1225
hidlingsa1250
in hidela1300
in scubardisa1300
stilla1300
hidel-likea1325
privyc1330
ywryȝeliche1340
in secre wysec1374
hidinglya1382
hidlya1382
in privy1384
closea1387
secrelyc1386
stalworthlya1400
covertlyc1400
secrec1405
in hidlings1422
secretly1447
secretementc1470
in secret1474
hugger-muggera1529
in hugger-mugger1529
secret1539
underboard1548
closely1552
darkly1559
in secret wise1563
hiddenly1580
tectly1587
underwater1600
concealedly1622
underground1632
occultly1641
in petto1647
under the rosea1704
subterraneously1791
suppressedly1825
underfoot1860
1384 Proclam. Sir Nicholas Brembre in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 31 (MED) That no man make none congregaciouns..of poeple in priue nen apert.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 686 (MED) Alle tho that hadden be Or in apert or in prive Of conseil to the mariage, Sche slowh hem.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. vi. 18 Þi fadir that seeth in priuey [c1384 E.V. hidlis; L. abscondito] shal ȝelde to thee.
1460–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1460 378/2 I shall never doo..in prive or apert..any thing that may..sowne to the abriggement of the naturall lyf of Kyng Herry the sixt.
1567 R. Sempill Deeclaratioun Lordis Iust Quarrell (single sheet) Twa leirnit men in priuie I hard talk.
1569 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 652 Nor yit sall we tryist or haif intelligence with thame in previe or apart.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 173 To grant him self in Britane to remane, Quhair plesis ȝow in previe or in plane.
3. In singular and plural. The genitals. Cf. A. 6, and private n. 4. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sex organs > male sex organs > [noun] > penis
weapona1000
tarsec1000
pintleOE
cock?c1335
pillicock?c1335
yard1379
arrowa1382
looma1400
vergea1400
instrumentc1405
fidcocka1475
privya1500
virile member (or yard)?1541
prickc1555
tool1563
pillock1568
penis1578
codpiece1584
needle1592
bauble1593
dildo1597
nag1598
virility1598
ferret1599
rubigo?a1600
Jack1604
mentula1605
virge1608
prependent1610
flute1611
other thing1628
engine1634
manhood1640
cod1650
quillity1653
rammer1653
runnion1655
pego1663
sex1664
propagator1670
membrum virile1672
nervea1680
whore-pipe1684
Roger1689
pudding1693
handle?1731
machine1749
shaft1772
jock1790
poker1811
dickyc1815
Johnny?1833
organ1833
intromittent apparatus1836
root1846
Johnson1863
Peter1870
John Henry1874
dickc1890
dingusc1890
John Thomasc1890
old fellowc1890
Aaron's rod1891
dingle-dangle1893
middle leg1896
mole1896
pisser1896
micky1898
baby-maker1902
old man1902
pecker1902
pizzle1902
willy1905
ding-dong1906
mickey1909
pencil1916
dingbatc1920
plonkerc1920
Johna1922
whangera1922
knob1922
tube1922
ding1926
pee-pee1927
prong1927
pud1927
hose1928
whang1928
dong1930
putz1934
porkc1935
wiener1935
weenie1939
length1949
tadger1949
winkle1951
dinger1953
winky1954
dork1961
virilia1962
rig1964
wee-wee1964
Percy1965
meat tool1966
chopper1967
schlong1967
swipe1967
chode1968
trouser snake1968
ding-a-ling1969
dipstick1970
tonk1970
noonies1972
salami1977
monkey1978
langer1983
wanker1987
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 85 (MED) Þys ys þe þrydde medicyne; his properte ys to efforce þe pryue, and namly þe pryncypales.
1906 J. A. Robertson tr. A. Pigafetta Magellan's Voy. I. 143 He was seated on a palm mat on the ground, with only a cotton cloth before his privies.
1944 D. Bogarde Let. 15 July in Backcloth (1987) iii. 87 If you cop one in the head you're a goner anyway, but you wouldn't have much of a life without your privvies.
1998 Re: Plagiarism & Bible in alt.writing (Usenet newsgroup) 15 May Only our taboos give such words dirty meanings. Dogs certainly don't think their privies are vulgar.
II. Denoting a person.
†4. An intimate, confidential, or trusted friend or adviser; a confidant; an intimate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > adviser or counsellor > confidential
privya1325
privy counsellora1393
discreet1474
secreta1513
earworma1670
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > confidant
privya1325
secretarya1387
counsel-keeper1600
confident1619
secretara1628
trustee1641
troutc1661
confidante1709
confidant1741
a1325 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.1.1) 1630 (MED) Þer stode bi side þe rode Thȝre wimmen..And Iohan, wre lord is priuee [v.r. goddis frende full preue].
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 2480 (MED) Þe amerel..calleþ sir Bruyllant..& othre of his pryueez.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8342 (MED) For-þi hir enterd bersabe þe quen, his spuse and his priue.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. ii. 177 Paulynes pryues [c1400 A text peple], for pleyntes in þe consistorie, Shul serue my-self.
a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 7 I wil þat ȝee as my priue drynkyn here of my cuppe wiþ me.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 377 He wolde..be oon of his privees.
c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 2661 And gif thare wrath be or deray Mak him ȝour freind and ȝour preue [rhyme be].
†5. A native or inhabitant of a country or place; a citizen, a denizen. Usually contrasted with stranger n. 2a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > [noun] > opposed to foreigner or visitor
citizenc1384
privya1400
denizen14..
native1800
livyer1863
a1400 in K. W. Engeroff Untersuchung ‘Usages of Winchester’ (1914) 70 Ȝif þer is eny pryue oþer straunge þat to þe wyȝte shal, and he hit hele ouer o nyȝt, he is in þe kynges mercy vp-on þe quantite of þat mys-dede.
c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 19 (MED) The lawes and the vsages of the same toune..as wel for common profyt of straungeres as for pryvys of the toune..shulden ben apertly put in Domys day.
1565 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 312 Right ye shall doe to every person as well to ye stranger as to ye pryvye.
1641 W. Hakewill tr. Act 2 Edw. III c. 9, in Libertie of Subj. 101 All Merchants, Strangers and Privies [Fr. touz marchantz aliens & priveez], may goe and come with their merchandizes into England after the tenure of the Great Charter.
6.
a. Law. Each of two or more people who are parties to and have shared interests in an action, contract, conveyance, etc.; each of two or more people having shared interests through a blood relationship (now historical). Also: a person who is bound or has an interest under a contract or conveyance to which he or she is not a party. Opposed to stranger n. 7b.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal concepts > [noun] > interest > one who has
privy1483
interessee1610
interessentc1677
1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 7 §3 The seid fyne to be fynall ende, and conclude aswell prives as estraunges to the same.
1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) 159 b/2 Priuie..wher a lease is made to holde at will, for yeres, for life, or a feffement in fee..because of thys that hath passed betweene these parties, they are called priuies, in respect of straungers betwene whom no such dealings, or conueiances hath ben.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Eee4v/2 Priuie..signifieth..him that is partaker, or hath an interest in any action, or thing: as, priuies of bloud..be those that be linked in consanguinitie. Euery heire in tayle is priuy to recouer the land intayled.
1662 F. Philipps Reforming Registry iv. 45 Three or four Statutes or Acts of Parliament against fraudulent assurances..and another..ordaining a forfeiture of a years value of the Land, by such as are parties or privies in the same.
1737 J. Ollive Plea 24 The Pope and Priests..assum'd to themselves a Legislature, and, by degrees imposed their Laws upon the People, to which they were neither Parties nor Privies.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xxi. 355 Privies to a fine are such as are any way related to the parties who levy the fine, and claim under them by any right of blood or other right of representation.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) IV. 308 Privies in blood, as the heir; privies in estate, as the feoffee, lessee, &c.; privies in law, as lord by escheat, tenant by the curtesy, tenants in dower, and others that come in by act of law, or in the post; shall be bound, and take advantage of estoppels.
1888 Times 11 Aug. 10/3 The prior encumbrancers have recovered from, and have been paid by, the other offices in which they were insured (under contracts to which neither the appellants nor the respondents were parties or privies).
1959 Dict. Eng. Law II. 1409/1 Privies in blood, such as the heir to his ancestor, or between coparceners.
2005 Chicago Daily Law Bull. (Nexis) 2 Sept. 1 What is relevant to the instant case is that both doctrines only apply to later actions between the same parties or their privies.
†b. A person who participates in the knowledge of something private or secret; a person who is privy to a plot or crime. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > one privy to something secret
secretarya1387
privy1548
symmyst1607
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxiiijv The citezens glad of his commynge, made not the French capitayns, which had the gouernaunce of the towne, either parties or priuies of their entent.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 151 Mainperners are not to be punished as principals, unlesse they be parties or privies to the failing of the principall.
1680 Tryal & Sentence E. Cellier 14 She Chargeth our Laws with Cruelties,..in admitting of Racks and Tortures to be used, and that for the worst purposes, thereby to extort Perjuries and false Evidence against the Innocent; to which she would make Persons of the best Quality of our Nobility, Magistracy, and Clergy, Privies and Parties.
†C. adv.
Privately or secretly; in secret; = privily adv. Obsolete. privy or (a)pert [contracted from in privy or apert at sense B. 2] : secretly or openly; in private or in public .
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adverb]
stillyc1000
dernlyc1175
dernea1200
privement?c1225
hidlingsa1250
in hidela1300
in scubardisa1300
stilla1300
hidel-likea1325
privyc1330
ywryȝeliche1340
in secre wysec1374
hidinglya1382
hidlya1382
in privy1384
closea1387
secrelyc1386
stalworthlya1400
covertlyc1400
secrec1405
in hidlings1422
secretly1447
secretementc1470
in secret1474
hugger-muggera1529
in hugger-mugger1529
secret1539
underboard1548
closely1552
darkly1559
in secret wise1563
hiddenly1580
tectly1587
underwater1600
concealedly1622
underground1632
occultly1641
in petto1647
under the rosea1704
subterraneously1791
suppressedly1825
underfoot1860
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2079 (MED) Mileuedy..praieþ..Þat þou wost hir se..Priue it schal be diȝt.
a1400 (?c1300) Lay Folks Mass Bk. (Royal) (1879) 299 (MED) Loke pater-noster þou be sayande, I-whils þo preste is priuey [v.r. preuele] prayande.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 3365 Brenne þam bad bere þam priue withouten noyse.
1485–6 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 321 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 That..will goo among them prevy or peart for his propre besynes.
?c1500 J. Blount tr. N. Upton Essent. Portions De Studio Militari (1931) 35 Nor no man to be so bolde As to take Any of theym prisoners, soo that they be not Armed or in warres ayenst vs, pryuy or perte.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 48 I hatit him like a hund, thought I it hid preue.
1556 N. Grimalde Ciceroes Thre Bokes (1990) 143 Aratus the Sicyonian..with a priuiestolne entrie, gotte possession of the citie.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the adjective.
a.
privy coat n. now historical an armoured coat (usually of chain mail) worn concealed under ordinary clothing; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > coat of mail or corselet > worn under normal dress
privy coat1532
secret1578
1532 Will of Thomas Baynham (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/24) f. 146 A pryvye coat.
1599 F. Bacon Let. in Spalding Life & Lett. (1862) II. 161 I have the privy coat of a good conscience.
1728 W. Hawkins Summary Crown-law lxiii. 158 Neither doth it seem any Offence for a Man to arm himself with a privy Coat of Mail, because it is not to the Terrour of the People.
1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth IV. ii. 16 Strike at his head,..for he weareth a privy coat of mail; and if he goes hence alive your own heads shall answer it.
1996 Hist. Today 46 1 The accounts tell us little about..his [sc. Dudley's] relations with the queen, although an entry for the measurement of a privy coat..in the winter of 1559-60 suggests he was taking seriously the rumours of threats to his life.
† privy evil n. Falconry Obsolete an intestinal disease of hawks.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > disorders of hawks
crampc1430
frouncea1450
teena1450
crayc1450
ryec1450
aggresteyne1486
agrum1486
fallera1486
filanders1486
gall1575
pantas1575
pin1575
pin gout1575
stroke1575
apoplexy1614
crock1614
formica1614
privy evil1614
back-worma1682
verol1688
croak1707
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry ii. xvii. 144 Priuie euill in Hawkes is a secret hart-sicknesse procured either by over-flying..or other disorderly keeping.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 238/1 [Diseases in Hawks.] The Privy, or hidden Evil, is a glottonous Stomack, a greediness in eating, and devouring.
1753 Country Gentleman's Compan. II. 50 Hawks have divers Infirmities and Diseases, as Fevers, Palsy..privy Evil, Taint in the Feathers..Cramp, and a World of others.
privy house n. [compare post-classical Latin domus privata (1141 in a British source) and also Anglo-Norman privé hostel (1139 or earlier)] a small building or room used as a privy (sense B. 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]
gongOE
privy?c1225
room-housec1275
chamber foreignc1300
wardrobea1325
privy chamberc1325
foreignc1390
siegec1400
stool1410
jakes1432
house of easementa1438
kocayc1440
siege-hole1440
siege-house1440
privy house1463
withdraught1493
draught1530
shield1535
bench-hole1542
common house1542
stool1542
jakes house1547
boggard1552
house of office?1560
purging place1577
little house1579
issue1588
Ajax1596
draught-house1597
private1600
necessary house1612
vault1617
longhouse1622
latrine1623
necessary1633
commonsa1641
gingerbread officea1643
boghouse1644
cloaca1645
passage-house1646
retreat1653
shithouse1659
closet of ease1662
garderobe1680
backside1704
office1727
bog?1731
house of ease1734
cuz-john1735
easing-chair1771
backhouse1800
outhouse1819
netty1825
petty1848
seat of ease1850
closet1869
bathroom1883
crapper1927
lat1927
shouse1941
biffy1942
shitholec1947
toot1965
shitter1967
woodshed1974
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 20 (MED) I wil that ye newe prevy hous ovir the synkke be the dore..serve for the parlour and chambir a loffte.
1660 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 358 A common privy house belonging to Peckwater Quadrangle.
1776 Young Clerk's Compl. Guide 106 The filthiness and nasty things of the said privy house of office, flowed out..into the cellar aforesaid.
1937 Z. N. Hurston Their Eyes were watching God xix. 255 So far as he's concerned, all dem he don't know oughta be tried and sentenced tuh six months behind de United States privy house at hard smellin'.
2004 D. R. Starbuck Neither Plain nor Simple ii. 116/1 An intact, clapboarded privy house still stands within the foundation of the 1794 ministry barn.
privy signet n. = signet n. 1b; the office in which royal documents were prepared and the privy signet affixed to them; a document given under this signet.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > [noun] > seal > official or sovereign
green waxa1350
secret seal1378
privy seal1410
signet1410
Great Seal1419
private seal1440
common seal1449
cocket1451
privy signet1477
half-seal1509
targec1510
broad seal1550
1477 in Antiquary (1891) 105/1 The foresaid Mayor resceyved a prive signet by the hande of a servante of the Kyngs, the tenour whereof herafter ensueth.
a1525 (?1424) Coventry Leet Bk. (1907) I. 84 (MED) Yeven vndur our pryvy signett at London, the xxvij day of Juyn.
1662 J. Dauncey Eng. Lovers ii. 118 Captain Goodlake having got the Kings privy Signet, and the Military Word, for that night.
1735 Lives Most Remarkable Criminals I. Pref. viii Counterfeiting the Sign Manual or Privy Signet, is also made High Treason.
1854 H. Cox Brit. Commonw. xxxi. 403 Recently, many formalities respecting the privy signet and privy seal, and the offices connected with them, have been abolished.
1918 S. L. Mershon Eng. Crown Grants 203 It is then subscribed at the top, with the King's own sign manual and sealed with his privy-signet.
2007 R. Hutchinson Thomas Cromwell vi. 134 He also received a share of the profits of the Privy Signet.
privy stool n. [compare post-classical Latin sella privata (1214 in a British source)] now chiefly historical a close-stool, a commode.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] > close-stool or commode
privy stool1377
night-chair1404
close-stool1410
stool1410
chamber stool1567
night table1730
night-stool1781
commode1802
Sir John1808
chamber closet1842
chaise percée1939
thunder-box1939
1377 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/213/6) m. 2 j stole voc. Priuestole cum panno circumpendenti precii ij s.
1528 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 254 In his owne chambre..A prevey stole, iiijd.
1898 Daily Rev. (Decatur, Illinois) 27 Nov. 14/3 (advt.) Our sanitary seat cures constipation... Fits on any ordinary Privy stool—inclines the body to a natural position.
1991 Shakespeare Q. 42 186 The additional humiliation of enthroning a woman on a privy stool before riding her through town and ducking her.
privy tithe n. now historical any of the tithes not included among the great tithes (see great adj., n., adv., and int. Compounds 1e), comprising personal tithes, mixed tithes, and some predial tithes, and typically due to the vicar of a parish; = petty tithe n. at petty adj. and n. Compounds 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > benefice > other financial matters > [noun] > church dues > tithe > types of
privy tithe?1529
parsonage1568
umboth1577
agistment tithe1781
?1529 S. Fish Supplicacyon for Beggers sig. A2 Whate money pull they yn by probates of testamentes, priuy tithes, and by mennes offeringes to theyre pilgremages?
1579 in T. Phillipps Index Worcester Wills (c1830) 455 I..bequeath to Samuell my sonne,..all tythes of Hey, Woode, etc. cauled or knowen by the name of Previe tythes.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xi. 388 A particular share of the tithes..called privy, small, or vicarial, tithes.
1838 Times 15 June 6/5 The main question was, whether the terms ‘privy tithes’ were to be considered generally as synonymous with ‘small tithes’!
1956 J. W. F. Hill Tudor & Stuart Lincoln iii. 57 The many parishes..provided good and honest livings for learned incumbents and parsons, because of the privy tithes of rich merchants, clothiers and artificers.
2000 D. A. Spaeth Church in Age of Danger ii. 33 After nine years as vicar, Randall followed his predecessor's example by suing tenants for privy tithes.
privy verdict n. now historical a verdict given to the judge out of court (see quot. 2003).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > decision of jury > types of
ignoramus1583
privy verdict1628
non liquet1656
ignoring1682
open verdict1769
sealed verdict1891
majority verdict1905
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 227 b After they be agreed they may,..if the Court be risen, giue a priuie verdict before any of the Judges.
1703 J. Astry Charge to Grand Juries 23 In Criminal Cases of Life or Member, the Jury can give no privy Verdict, but they must give it openly in Court.
1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 354 The jury..cannot, in a criminal case, give a privy verdict. But an open verdict may be either general, guilty, or not guilty.
1831 Times 5 May 1/5 In cases of misdemeanour, where it was not necessary for the defendant to be present, a privy verdict might be given.
2003 J. Baker Oxf. Hist. Laws Eng. VI. xix. 370 If the jury reached agreement after the court had risen for the day, it was permissible—in civil cases only—for them to give an informal ‘privy verdict’ so that the restrictions on their comfort could be relaxed.
† privy-weaponed adj. Obsolete rare carrying a concealed weapon.
ΚΠ
c1602 C. Marlowe tr. Ovid Elegies ii. xiv. sig. Dv And their owne priuie weapon'd hands destroy them.
b. With reference to the genitals. Cf. sense A. 1b.
† privy chose n. Obsolete the vulva.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sex organs > female sex organs > [noun]
cuntc1230
quivera1382
chosec1386
privy chosea1387
quoniamc1405
naturec1470
shell1497
box1541
water gate1541
mouth1568
quiver case1568
water gap1586
cunnya1593
medlar1597
mark1598
buggle-boo1600
malkin1602
lap1607
skin coat1611
quim1613
nest1614
watermilla1626
bum1655
merkin1656
twat1656
notch1659
commodity1660
modicum1660
crinkum-crankum1670
honeypot1673
honour1688
muff1699
pussy1699
puss1707
fud1771
jock1790
cock?1833
fanny?1835
vaginac1890
rug1893
money-maker1896
Berkeley1899
Berkeley Hunt1899
twitchet1899
mingea1903
snatch1904
beaver1927
coozie1934
Sir Berkeley1937
pocketbook1942
pranny1949
zatch1950
cooch1955
bearded clam1962
noonie1966
chuff1967
coozea1968
carpet1981
pum-pum1983
front bum1985
coochie1986
punani1987
front bottom1991
va-jay-jay2000
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 475 (MED) Here body was..al i-roted..out take..here wombe wiþ þe prive chose byneþe.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 172 Of apostemes of þe ȝerde and of þe priue chose [?c1425 Paris wulue; L. vulue].
† privy limbs n. Obsolete rare the male external genitals.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 27v Hit were vnsemelich..to vnhele þe priuey lymes.
privy member n. now somewhat archaic the penis; (in plural) the genitals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sex organs > [noun]
shapea1000
shameOE
i-cundeOE
memberc1300
privy memberc1325
kindc1330
privitiesc1375
harness1382
shameful parts1382
genitoriesa1387
partc1390
tailc1390
genitalsa1393
thingc1405
genitalc1450
privy parts1533
secret1535
loin?1541
genitures1548
filthy parts1553
shamefulness1561
ware1561
meatc1564
natural places1569
secret members1577
lady ware1592
natural parts1601
lady's ware1608
gear1611
private parts1623
groin1631
pudendums1634
natural1650
privacies1656
sex1664
secrecyc1675
nudities1677
affair1749
sexual parts1753
person1824
sex organ1847
privates1940
naughty bits1972
c1325Priue membres [see sense A. 1b].
c1470 tr. R. D'Argenteuil's French Bible (Cleveland) (1977) 45 Adam..toke of the leuys and hydde his pryvee membris, and so didde Eve.
1560 tr. Albertus Magnus' Bk. Secretes 62 If thou wylt that a woman be not viciate..take the priue member of a wolfe..& geue it to her in a dryncke.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 61 They tye a cloth only to hide their privie members.
1681 Arraignm.,Tryal & Condemnation S. Colledge 140 Your Privy-members shall be cut off, and your Bowels taken out and burnt before your face.
1797 D. Hume Comm. Laws Scotl. I. vi. 399 On suspicion of unlawful intercourse with his daughter, took possession of his person, bound him hand and foot, cut off his privy member, and put hot ashes in the scrotum.
1884 Daily Kennebec Jrnl. (Augusta, Maine) 3 Mar. While laboring under an attack of delerium [sic] tremens this forenoon, [he] deliberately cut off his privy member.
1965 E. Dahlberg Reasons of Heart 97 Giants who..had the privy members of horses.
1980 E. Jong Fanny i. v. 40 Only a Rake cares more for his Privy Member than his Soul.
privy parts n. now somewhat archaic the genitals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sex organs > [noun]
shapea1000
shameOE
i-cundeOE
memberc1300
privy memberc1325
kindc1330
privitiesc1375
harness1382
shameful parts1382
genitoriesa1387
partc1390
tailc1390
genitalsa1393
thingc1405
genitalc1450
privy parts1533
secret1535
loin?1541
genitures1548
filthy parts1553
shamefulness1561
ware1561
meatc1564
natural places1569
secret members1577
lady ware1592
natural parts1601
lady's ware1608
gear1611
private parts1623
groin1631
pudendums1634
natural1650
privacies1656
sex1664
secrecyc1675
nudities1677
affair1749
sexual parts1753
person1824
sex organ1847
privates1940
naughty bits1972
1533 tr. Erasmus Enchiridion Militis Christiani sig. bv The eyen be not only membres of the body, but also the legges, the fete, and the priuy partes.
1673 B. Keach War with Devil 165 Some with sharp spears thrust through their privy parts, Whilst others stabbed were unto their hearts.
1701 W. Salmon Polygraphice (ed. 8) II. ix. iv. 672 If a Woman has the Palm of the Hand short, and the Fingers long, it is a sign that she shall bring forth with great Pain and Difficulty. The reason is, because the privy Parts are narrow, for the Fingers have Resemblance of them.
1850 H. Ruffner Father of Desert iv. 105 Another sort wear their privy parts loaded with a ring of three pounds weight, to preserve their chastity.
1962 P. M. Kendall Yorkist Age Prol. 39 Flinging the tailor to the ground, the thief leaped on him and bit his privy parts.
2005 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 7 Dec. 21 Borderline celebrities..perform pointless tasks, such as eating insect grubs and the privy parts of marsupials.
privy place n. now rare (historical in later use) the genital region; (in plural) the genitals.
ΚΠ
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 86 Fistule som is..in þe shameful or priue placez [?c1425 Paris priue membres; L. verendis].
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 255 Brasauolus..Being anointed from the nauell of wemen to priuy places and reines, it strengtheneth the matrix.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 646 Of a Dog..the gut of the priuy place sodden in oyle is a very good and soueraign remedy.
1711 Godfridus Knowl. Things Unknown 161 A Mole on the Nose..and another the like on the Privy place.
1999 Mod. Philol. 96 516 The anatomist's approach to and retreat from woman's ‘privy place’, that female ‘O’ that must be seen yet is too obscene to see.
† privy stones n. Obsolete rare the testicles.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 60v Þe preuey stones [L. testiculi] of foules ben smal aftir þe tyme þat is ordeyned to ham to gendre.
† privy yard n. Obsolete rare the penis; cf. yard n.2 11a.
ΚΠ
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 137/1 Then in his priuye yarde had a sharpe reede thruste in with horrible paine.
C2. Compounds of the noun (in sense B. 1).
privy door n.
ΚΠ
1423 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 134 (MED) Also, twey dongehilles in bothe sides þe comune priue dore in the defaute of the Chaumbre been defectif.
1682 Fortunatus xiv. 39 He resolved as formerly he had done, to come in at the privy Door and rob them.
1805 Times 26 Sept. 3/3 She..heard him shut the privy door after him, and, at the same instant she heard a pistol go off in the passage of the house.
1993 C. Storm Sign for Sacred (BNC) 156 Cleo heard him making gruff remarks through the privy door on the landing outside.
privy odour n.
ΚΠ
1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xi. 194 A peculiar mawkish, privy odour.
1995 Newsday (N.Y.) (Nexis) 18 July a24 When the air is still those who work in the information center can't avoid the privy odor.
† privy scourer n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 99v A Pryvey scowrrere..Cloacarius.
† privy thirl n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
?c1225Priuees þurles [see sense B. 1].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.adv.?c1225
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