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单词 privily
释义

privilyadv.

Brit. /ˈprɪvᵻli/, U.S. /ˈprɪvᵻli/
Forms:

α. Middle English priuale, Middle English priuali, Middle English priueiliche, Middle English priueli, Middle English priuelich, Middle English priueliche, Middle English priuelik, Middle English priuelike, Middle English priueyliche, Middle English priuileche, Middle English priuili, Middle English priuiliche, Middle English priuyli, Middle English priuylich, Middle English priuyliche, Middle English privalie, Middle English priveiliche, Middle English privele, Middle English priveley, Middle English priveli, Middle English priveliche, Middle English privyly, Middle English pruvyly, Middle English pryueileche, Middle English pryueily, Middle English pryueli, Middle English pryuelich, Middle English pryueliche, Middle English pryuelik, Middle English pryuelyche, Middle English pryuylich, Middle English pryuyliche, Middle English pryvaly, Middle English pryvely, Middle English pryvelye, Middle English pryvyly, Middle English 1600s privelye, Middle English–1500s priuelie, Middle English–1500s priuelye, Middle English–1500s priuyly, Middle English–1500s pryuely, Middle English–1500s pryuyly, Middle English–1600s priuely, Middle English–1600s priuily, Middle English–1600s prively, Middle English– privily, 1500s pryuelye, 1500s pryvylye, 1500s–1600s priuilie, 1500s–1600s priuly, 1500s–1600s (1700s–1800s archaic) privilie, 1600s privally; Scottish pre-1700 priuale, pre-1700 priualie, pre-1700 priualy, pre-1700 priuelie, pre-1700 priuely, pre-1700 priuelye, pre-1700 priuily, pre-1700 priuly, pre-1700 privalie, pre-1700 privallie, pre-1700 privaly, pre-1700 prively, pre-1700 privelye, pre-1700 privilie, pre-1700 priwale, pre-1700 priwaly, pre-1700 priwalye, pre-1700 priwellie, pre-1700 priwely, pre-1700 pryvaly, pre-1700 pryvely, pre-1700 prywaly, pre-1700 1700s– privily.

β. Middle English preualy, Middle English preuele, Middle English preueli, Middle English preuelich, Middle English preuili, Middle English preuiliche, Middle English preuyliche, Middle English prevayly, Middle English preveli, Middle English previly, Middle English prevyly, Middle English prevylye, Middle English prewely, Middle English–1500s preuely, Middle English–1500s preuelye, Middle English–1500s preuily, Middle English–1500s preuyly, Middle English–1500s prevely, 1500s preeuelye, 1500s preeuilie, 1500s preueyly, 1500s preuilie; Scottish pre-1700 prefalie, pre-1700 preuallie, pre-1700 preually, pre-1700 preualy, pre-1700 preuelie, pre-1700 preuelly, pre-1700 preuely, pre-1700 preuelye, pre-1700 preuilie, pre-1700 prevale, pre-1700 prevallie, pre-1700 prevaly, pre-1700 prevelie, pre-1700 prevely, pre-1700 previlie, pre-1700 prevyly, pre-1700 prewale, pre-1700 prewaly, pre-1700 prewalye, pre-1700 preweillei, pre-1700 prewele, pre-1700 prewelie, pre-1700 prewely, pre-1700 prewile.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: privy adj., -ly suffix2.
Etymology: < privy adj. + -ly suffix2. Compare slightly earlier privement adv.
Now archaic and literary.
1. Not openly or publicly; secretly, in secret; stealthily, craftily; discreetly, circumspectly. In early use also: †by oneself, alone (obsolete). N.E.D. (1908) originally interpreted quot. c1450 as illustrating a sense ‘closely, so as to conceal’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adverb]
softlyc1225
by stalea1240
privilya1250
slylyc1275
thieflyc1290
stealingly13..
by stealth1390
stalworthlya1400
theftfullyc1400
theftlyc1400
theftuouslyc1400
under veilc1425
thievishly?c1450
by theft1488
quietly1488
furtively1490
by surreption1526
hugger-muggera1529
in hugger-mugger1529
underhand1538
insidiously1545
creepingly1548
surreptiously1573
underboard1582
filchingly1583
sneakingly1598
underwater1600
slipperily1603
thief-likea1625
clandestinely1632
surreptitiously1643
thievously1658
clancularly1699
stownlins1786
stealthily1806
underhandedly1806
stolen-wise1813
on (upon, under, or by) the sly1818
round-the-corner1820
underhanded1823
stealthfully1828
slinkingly1830
slippingly1830
on the sneak?1863
sneakishly1867
behind backs1874
stalkingly1891
on the side1893
under the counter1926
underground1935
under the table1938
down and dirty1959
sneakily1966
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adverb]
privement?c1225
privilya1250
asidesc1384
out of commonaltya1400
privatelyc1425
privatec1443
asidec1460
in private1469
under the rose1546
closely1552
on private1582
in particular1585
retiredly1599
sotto voce1819
in camera1826
on the quiet1856
on the (strict) q.t.1885
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > the common people of any group > [adverb] > in a private station in life
privilya1250
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [adverb] > so as to conceal
dernlyc1305
privilyc1450
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 45 Godd hise priuetez scheawes to ham þat beon priueliche [?c1225 Cleo. priuement, c1230 Corpus Cambr. priuement] ham ane.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1916 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 161 (MED) Þe kniȝtes..bi-þouȝten heom wel priueliche to paie þe kinges wille.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7347 (MED) A maide treuþe ipliȝt to do an fole dede Al one priueliche wiþoute hire frendes rede.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 156 (MED) Þe feend..gyle þouȝte, For to brynge man to noȝte Pryuelyche.
c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1116 His brother weep and wayled pryuely [v.rr. pryuyly, priuyly, prively, priuely].
a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 20 (MED) Priuelike man sal amoneste þam, þat tay amende þaim.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 150 He tuke smale pecis of ilk corprax..putt þaim in small boystis, & selid þaim privalie.
c1470 tr. R. D'Argenteuil's French Bible (Cleveland) (1977) 72 (MED) Themperoure..chargid the messangers to do his comaundement wiseli and priueli.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ii. 5 Preuelich he went hym from the kynges court.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John vii. 10 Then went he also vppe vnto the feast, nott openly: but as it were preuely [ Wyclif in pryuei, 1611 in secret].
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlv That nothing of Luthers..be taught priuely nor openly.
1596 J. Harrington Met. Ajax (1927) 43 The writer of Bassianus lyfe, telles howe hee was not onelie priuily murdered, but murdered at the priuye.
1611 Bible (King James) Prov. i. 11 Let vs lay wait for blood, let vs lurke privily for the innocent. View more context for this quotation
1624 T. Scott 2nd Pt. Vox Populi 57 I have known some under the cullour of selling Tobacco have carried Letters handsomly, privily in the balls or roules.
1713 A. Pope in Guardian 25 June 2/1 That he..hath privily conveyed any large Book, Cricket, or other Device under him, to exalt him on his Seat.
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. xi. 244 The said Witness..had privily withdrawn, without attending the Issue. View more context for this quotation
1789 F. G. Waldron King in Country i. 16 Either ye must rob the King privily, or his subjects openly, to maintain your prodigality.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. ii. vi. 135 Necker, sees good..to withdraw softly, almost privily.
1884 Ld. Tennyson Falcon i. i. 41 I left it privily At Florence, in her palace.
1926 Times 27 Jan. 15/5 [He] attended at her [sc. Catherine of Braganza's] marriage according to the Catholic rite, celebrated privily in her bedchamber before the public ceremony at St. Paul's.
1935 S. Lewis It can't happen Here ix. 86 Dr. Goebbels..is privily known throughout Germany as ‘Wotan's Mickey Mouse’.
1977 Mod. Asian Stud. 11 491 When he was privily sounded on the viability of a Greater Indonesia including Malaya, ‘he got quite angry and said the idea was rubbish’.
2003 M. Elphinstone Voyageurs 58 Before I left he took me privily into the agents' Council Chamber.
2. Simply, unaccompanied by retinue, incognito; humbly, obscurely (in respect of birth). Obsolete. N.E.D.(1908) originally interpreted quot. a1387 as illustrating a sense ‘in a private station or rank’.
ΚΠ
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 2467 (MED) Þemperour..Wille huntte..In his forest priueliche Wiþ litel folk & nouȝt wiþ miche.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 139 (MED) Þe kyng..ȝaf his douȝter to a symple knyȝt þat was priuileche i-bore [L. militi obscure nato].
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 199 I woll ryde on pylgrymage prevayly, and none but we three.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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