preventionn.

Brit.

/prᵻˈvɛnʃn/, U.S.

/priˈvɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n/,

/prəˈvɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English preuencion, 1500s preuension, 1500s–1600s preuention, 1500s– prevention, 1600s preventyon; Scottish pre-1700 praeuention, pre-1700 preuentioun, pre-1700 prevension, pre-1700 preventioun, pre-1700 1700s– prevention.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prevention; Latin praevention-, praeventio.

Etymology: < Middle French prevention, prevencion, French prévention (13th cent. in Old French in astrology in sense ‘(planetary) opposition’) action of coming first (1374), legal privilege of an overlord over other courts (1461), action of forestalling someone in a course of action (1530), precaution (1580), preconception (1637) and its etymon post-classical Latin praevention-, praeventio action of anticipating and forestalling (late 4th cent.), act of going before or preceding (so as to show the way) (12th cent. in a British source), act of anticipating the occurrence or arrival of (1255 in a British source) < classical Latin praevent- , past participial stem of praevenīre prevene v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan prevention (1314), Spanish prevención (1424 as prevençion), Portuguese prevenção (1582), Italian prevenzione (14th cent. as †prevencione, †preventione).

I. Senses related to precluding or hindering something.

1. The action of keeping from happening or making impossible an anticipated event or intended act.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun]

withsetting1340

arrestc1400

stanchingc1400

prevention1447

forbarringc1449

stop1544

preventing1563

stopple1578

cohibition1586

intercepting1598

stonda1604

attachment1609

preclusion1616

antevertinga1656

aversion1664

interpellation1814

suppression1859

stemming1914

1447 T. Bekington Let. in G. Williams Mem. Reign Henry VI (1872) II. 341 (MED) I verrely trow..ye wold..stur al tho to whom sholde longe the preuencion and redresse in that behalue, to do and execute thes same truly.

1566 N. Sanders Supper of Our Lord (new ed.) iii. f. 105 ^v Christ..vowed him self to be born again (although by preuention of death he were not really so borne).

c1598 King James VI & I Basilicon Doron (1944) I. ii. 159 Argumentum a simili maye iustlie breid præuention be foresicht.

1618 T. Adams Happines of Church 146 Preuention is so much better then healing, because it saues the labour of being sicke.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xii. 110 For the prevention of such inconveniences in meditation, we choose recess and solitude.

c1710 M. Prior Own Monument 1 Doctors give physic by way of prevention.

1751 N. Cotton Health in Visions in Verse 31 Prevention is the better Cure, So says the Proverb, and 'tis sure.

1813 Gentleman's Mag. 83 i. 53/2 Lord Erskine's Bill for the Prevention of Cruelty towards Animals.

1842 Act 5 & 6 Victoria c. 102 (title) An Act for the better Discovery and Prevention of Bribery and Treating at the Election of Members of Parliament.

1861 M. Oliphant Last of Mortimers vi ‘Ah! but prevention is better than cure,’ said the wicked little creature.

1921 Glasgow Herald 22 Feb. 7 Medicine, surgery, and prevention of infectious diseases had been utterly revolutionised.

1952 P. Mann Systematics Flowering Plants iii. 268 Most plants have some sort of mechanism for the prevention of self-pollination.

2003 N. W. Warren Lexis of Evil 20 Humanitarian war,..war avowedly waged for a humanitarian purpose, such as the defence of human rights, prevention of genocide, or installation of democracy.

†2. The action of forestalling or frustrating a person in the execution of an action or plan; the action of gaining advantage over a person by previous action. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] > thwarting or being thwarted

confoundinga1450

frustrationa1575

prevention1582

frustrating1640

baffling1689

thwarting1825

discomfiting1826

bafflement1841

derailment1896

snookering1935

1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. vii. 18 b Appointing also there shoulde be great watch, for preuention of the Moores, least that they should by anye deuice set on fire the ships.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 19 Caska be sodaine, for we feare preuention .

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 129 Half way he met His daring foe, at this prevention more Incens't, and thus securely him defi'd.

1714 Acct. Samaritans 98 The Samaritans..endeavoured to salve the Matter, and by way of Prevention told him, that indeed those ‘Words were not now to be found there [sc. the Book of Law] as they formerly had been’.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. viii. 72 While we were in Tai-o-hae a thief was under prevention.

a. A means of preventing something; a safeguard; a hindrance, an obstruction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence

hornc825

shieldc1200

warranta1272

bergha1325

armour1340

hedge1340

defencec1350

bucklerc1380

protectiona1382

safety1399

targea1400

suretyc1405

wall1412

pavise?a1439

fencec1440

safeguard?c1500

pale?a1525

waretack1542

muniment1546

shrouda1561

bulwark1577

countermure1581

ward1582

prevention1584

armourya1586

fortificationa1586

securitya1586

penthouse1589

palladium1600

guard1609

subtectacle1609

tutament1609

umbrella1609

bastion1615

screena1616

amulet1621

alexikakon1635

breastwork1643

security1643

protectionary1653

sepiment1660

back1680

shadower1691

aegis1760

inoculation1761

buoya1770

propugnaculum1773

panoply1789

armament1793

fascine1793

protective1827

beaver1838

face shield1842

vaccine1861

zariba1885

wolf-platform1906

firebreak1959

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] > that which

lockeOE

floodgatec1230

stopc1508

staya1533

snub1581

prevention1584

embarment1606

allay1607

spar1614

counterchecka1616

gag1618

preventivea1639

check1661

preventative1691

embargo1692

closed door1934

policeman1951

block-

1584 E. Paget tr. J. Calvin Harmonie vpon Three Euangelists 293 But this is a preuention wherewith hee shieldeth vs against offences [L. occupatio, qua..praemunit].

1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. C No preuention [prevails] to diuert the decree of the Fates.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxv. 161 A kinde of barre or preuention to keepe them euen from apostasie.

1641 J. Milton Animadversions 20 A better prevention then these Councells have left us against heresie.

1699 J. Bellers Ess. about Poor 17 Next to the Love of God, and of Vertue, Interest and Rewards are the best Preventions of Vice.

a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) X. 349 Those, who, not being hampered with such early preventions, break forth into the most open, and flagitious practices.

1782 G. Carleton Let. 7 May in New Ann. Reg. (1783) 158 Acts of retaliation, which, without proper preventions, may have an extent equally calamitous and dishonourable to both parties.

a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. x. 156 Till the usual moment of going to the Pump-room, she felt some alarm from the dread of a second prevention .

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing viii. 440 They furnish preventions for that lassitude which so often arises..from want of employment.

1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet I. 232 Gallows—A cure without being a prevention of crime.

1878 Harper's Mag. July 272/2 The ‘philosophers’..are negatively responsible for its crimes by failing to provide the necessary moral preventions.

1922 G. S. Hall Senescence vi. 317 Far more..deaths and preventions and postponements of death than we know are amenable to mind cure because they are mindmade.

1966 Times 16 Feb. 7/7 President Eisenhower's physician recommended it as a prevention against heart illness.

2002 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 25 May b1/4 Vaccinating domestic animals against rabies is one of the best preventions.

†b. Action intended to provide against an anticipated problem or danger; a defensive measure. Obsolete.In later use perhaps influenced by or passing into sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > precaution

provention1548

premunitiona1592

wariment1596

precaution1599

prevention1600

guard1609

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > precaution > a precaution

cautel1541

caveata1599

prevention1600

precaution1603

guard1609

cautiona1616

precautionary1748

1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 93 This preuention was done like a valiant and wise Prince.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. iii. §3. 250 The same preuention Herod long after practised.

1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity Estates xxxiii. 973 And questionlesse the people, without this preuention, might easily haue many times reuolted.

1640 T. Carew Poems 144 Where our prevention ends, danger begins.

a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) iii. ii. 92 I took the liberty, by way of prevention, to get him secured for the money.

1791 Times 7 Sept. 3/1 The German Commander has found every other means of prevention ineffectual but the withdrawing them [sc. his regiments] totally from the borders.

†II. Senses related to preceding or anticipating something.

a. Ecclesiastical Law. The privilege possessed or claimed by a superior of taking precedence over an inferior in the execution of an official duty normally belonging to the latter. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > law > canon law > [noun] > privilege of superior

prevention1528

provention1548

1528 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 311 Hys..desier is, Your sayd Grace, by verteu off your Legantine prerogative and prevention, conferr to hys chapleyn, Mr. Wilson, the vicarege off Thackstedd.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxiiij^v [Wolsey was] called on for an answere..to the premunire, for geuyng benefices by preuension, in disturbance of mennes inheritaunce.

1562 tr. J. Jewel Apol. Church Eng. vi. xxi, in Wks. (1579) 726 Peradventure they will saie That Peter..solde Iubilees, Graces, Liberties, Aduousons, Preuentions.

1706 tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. II. iv. xx. 346 (note) Preventions are Privileges that a Superior claims over an Inferior; that when he comes first, the Inferior loses his Right for that Time.

b. Scots Law. The privilege exercised by a superior judge or civil magistrate of assuming jurisdiction over a case commenced by an inferior, or of presiding over a case which would normally fall to an inferior. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 361 Prevention is, when one Judge interposes his authority, or when a tryal is entered upon by one Judge, before another Judge do exerce any action of Jurisdiction about that subject.

1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. ii. ¶62 Jurisdiction and courts are comprehended in barony... But all jurisdiction is cumulative with, and not exclusive of the superior's jurisdiction, so that there is place of prevention.

1752 A. McDouall Inst. Law Scotland iv. ¶27 Jurisdiction is either cumulative, in which prevention takes place, or privative.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon Prevention, the right which a superior person or officer has to lay hold of, claim, or transact, an affair prior to an inferior one, to whom otherwise it more immediately belongs, as when the Judges prevent subaltern ones.

5. The coming, action, or occurrence of one person or thing before another, or before the due time; previous occurrence. Also Theology: the action of prevenient grace; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun]

priority?a1475

prevention1544

earliness1575

foregoinga1586

foreness1587

formerness1587

antecedency1598

anteriority1599

precedence1605

pregression1623

antecedencea1626

antecession1629

precedency1634

beforeness1635

earlierness1674

previousness1677

precursorship1856

anteriornessa1866

precession1898

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > graciousness or grace > preceding repentance or conversion > fact or action of

prevention1651

prevenience1872

1544 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) X. 179 The prevention of the tyme of the French Quenes retourne.

1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 18 His gracious preuention that giueth to each worke a happy period.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §210 The greater the distance, the greater is the prevention: as we see in thunder which is far off, where the lightning precedeth the crack a good space.

1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 213 Workes, which none can attaine unto without the prevention of Gods mercy.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (1661) II. iv. 127 Oh gracious prevention of mercy, both had and given ere it can be asked.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. III. 577 That those Preventions might furnish an opportunity for rendering both his Humility and his Faith exemplary and publick.

1708 Abstr. Remarkable Passages in Life Private Gentleman i. 27 We have no reason to expect such merciful preventions in our Rambles.

6. Action or occurrence before or in anticipation of the expected, appointed, or normal time; an anticipatory action, statement, etc. Also Rhetoric: prolepsis; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [noun] > (untimely) earliness > occurrence earlier than expected

anticipation1556

prevention1571

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > anticipation > of opponent's objections

preoccupation1552

prevention1571

procatalepsis1577

prolepsis1580

presumptuous1589

preventer1589

propounder1589

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lx. 12) In the way of preuention he proceedeth further, and sayth that he looked for the residew at Gods hand.

1583 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 619 The effect of the law wes fulfullit be preventioun of the terme.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xiv. 251 Hee answereth that obiection by a preuention (so to terme it) calling him Lord of all.

1658 E. Reynolds Rich Mans Charge 4 This Duty is pressed by a very elegant reason,..as a prolepsis or prevention of what might be objected.

1713 Ld. Shaftesbury Notion Hist. Draught Judgm. Hercules v. 32 How particularly our philosophical Historian affects to speak, by way of prevention, of the solitary place where Hercules was retir'd.

1765 W. Gordon Every young Man's Compan. (ed. 4) 36 Prolepsis or Prevention, starts Objections and answers them.

7. A presentiment, a premonition. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > premonition, presentiment > [noun] > instance of

boding1297

pricking of (also in) one's thumbsa1398

sense1549

presagition?c1550

forefeeling1551

aboding1579

bode1587

foresignification1592

presage1597

prevention1601

bodement1642

presentiment1663

forebodea1680

forebodement1755

omening1796

bodeword1832

forefeel1839

hunch1904

1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. A3 I could burst At the coniectures feares, preuentions And restles tumbling of our tossed braines.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar i. 53 These [delights] are the antepasts and preventions of the full feasts..of Eternity.

1708 tr. P. Bayle Misc. Reflections Comet I. §xcv. 195 Strange Prevention! If there be Kings whose Lives are more particularly struck at by Comets denouncing the greatest Woes, [etc.]

1801 C. Smith Lett. Solitary Wanderer I. 247 Which I had a strange prevention would be fatal to one of us.

8. A prejudice, bias, or prepossession. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > [noun]

forejudging1571

preoccupation1572

prejudicateness1603

prejudicacy1608

forestalment1611

prepossession1638

anticipation1640

prejudice1643

biasedness1667

prevention1671

engagement1689

prejudgement1799

strabismus1844

parti pris1860

1671 T. Gumble Life Gen. Monck 144 [He] brought an assurance from the Lord Fairfax, that he would not fail to be asistant to him, which was kept very private, lest it might be published to his prevention.

1688 Bp. G. Burnet Three Lett. State of Italy 16 A man that sees the exteriour of another,..and is much taken with his face,..and mien, and thus has a blind prevention in his favour.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. ii. iii. 108 'Tis a known Prevention against the Gentlemen of this Character; ‘That they are generally ill-humour'd’.

1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 179 Much assisted by his natural prevention in favour of himself.

1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. in Wks. I. 403/2 My prevention, in regard to the country about Rome, was almost as great, and almost as unjust to Nature.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prevention
释义	preventionn. Brit. /prᵻˈvɛnʃn/, U.S. /priˈvɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n/, /prəˈvɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English preuencion, 1500s preuension, 1500s–1600s preuention, 1500s– prevention, 1600s preventyon; Scottish pre-1700 praeuention, pre-1700 preuentioun, pre-1700 prevension, pre-1700 preventioun, pre-1700 1700s– prevention. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prevention; Latin praevention-, praeventio. Etymology: < Middle French prevention, prevencion, French prévention (13th cent. in Old French in astrology in sense ‘(planetary) opposition’) action of coming first (1374), legal privilege of an overlord over other courts (1461), action of forestalling someone in a course of action (1530), precaution (1580), preconception (1637) and its etymon post-classical Latin praevention-, praeventio action of anticipating and forestalling (late 4th cent.), act of going before or preceding (so as to show the way) (12th cent. in a British source), act of anticipating the occurrence or arrival of (1255 in a British source) < classical Latin praevent- , past participial stem of praevenīre prevene v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan prevention (1314), Spanish prevención (1424 as prevençion), Portuguese prevenção (1582), Italian prevenzione (14th cent. as †prevencione, †preventione). I. Senses related to precluding or hindering something. 1. The action of keeping from happening or making impossible an anticipated event or intended act. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] withsetting1340 arrestc1400 stanchingc1400 prevention1447 forbarringc1449 stop1544 preventing1563 stopple1578 cohibition1586 intercepting1598 stonda1604 attachment1609 preclusion1616 antevertinga1656 aversion1664 interpellation1814 suppression1859 stemming1914 1447 T. Bekington Let. in G. Williams Mem. Reign Henry VI (1872) II. 341 (MED) I verrely trow..ye wold..stur al tho to whom sholde longe the preuencion and redresse in that behalue, to do and execute thes same truly. 1566 N. Sanders Supper of Our Lord (new ed.) iii. f. 105 ^v Christ..vowed him self to be born again (although by preuention of death he were not really so borne). c1598 King James VI & I Basilicon Doron (1944) I. ii. 159 Argumentum a simili maye iustlie breid præuention be foresicht. 1618 T. Adams Happines of Church 146 Preuention is so much better then healing, because it saues the labour of being sicke. 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xii. 110 For the prevention of such inconveniences in meditation, we choose recess and solitude. c1710 M. Prior Own Monument 1 Doctors give physic by way of prevention. 1751 N. Cotton Health in Visions in Verse 31 Prevention is the better Cure, So says the Proverb, and 'tis sure. 1813 Gentleman's Mag. 83 i. 53/2 Lord Erskine's Bill for the Prevention of Cruelty towards Animals. 1842 Act 5 & 6 Victoria c. 102 (title) An Act for the better Discovery and Prevention of Bribery and Treating at the Election of Members of Parliament. 1861 M. Oliphant Last of Mortimers vi ‘Ah! but prevention is better than cure,’ said the wicked little creature. 1921 Glasgow Herald 22 Feb. 7 Medicine, surgery, and prevention of infectious diseases had been utterly revolutionised. 1952 P. Mann Systematics Flowering Plants iii. 268 Most plants have some sort of mechanism for the prevention of self-pollination. 2003 N. W. Warren Lexis of Evil 20 Humanitarian war,..war avowedly waged for a humanitarian purpose, such as the defence of human rights, prevention of genocide, or installation of democracy. †2. The action of forestalling or frustrating a person in the execution of an action or plan; the action of gaining advantage over a person by previous action. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] > thwarting or being thwarted confoundinga1450 frustrationa1575 prevention1582 frustrating1640 baffling1689 thwarting1825 discomfiting1826 bafflement1841 derailment1896 snookering1935 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. vii. 18 b Appointing also there shoulde be great watch, for preuention of the Moores, least that they should by anye deuice set on fire the ships. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 19 Caska be sodaine, for we feare preuention . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 129 Half way he met His daring foe, at this prevention more Incens't, and thus securely him defi'd. View more context for this quotation 1714 Acct. Samaritans 98 The Samaritans..endeavoured to salve the Matter, and by way of Prevention told him, that indeed those ‘Words were not now to be found there [sc. the Book of Law] as they formerly had been’. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. viii. 72 While we were in Tai-o-hae a thief was under prevention. 3. a. A means of preventing something; a safeguard; a hindrance, an obstruction. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] > that which lockeOE floodgatec1230 stopc1508 staya1533 snub1581 prevention1584 embarment1606 allay1607 spar1614 counterchecka1616 gag1618 preventivea1639 check1661 preventative1691 embargo1692 closed door1934 policeman1951 block- 1584 E. Paget tr. J. Calvin Harmonie vpon Three Euangelists 293 But this is a preuention wherewith hee shieldeth vs against offences [L. occupatio, qua..praemunit]. 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. C No preuention [prevails] to diuert the decree of the Fates. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxv. 161 A kinde of barre or preuention to keepe them euen from apostasie. 1641 J. Milton Animadversions 20 A better prevention then these Councells have left us against heresie. 1699 J. Bellers Ess. about Poor 17 Next to the Love of God, and of Vertue, Interest and Rewards are the best Preventions of Vice. a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) X. 349 Those, who, not being hampered with such early preventions, break forth into the most open, and flagitious practices. 1782 G. Carleton Let. 7 May in New Ann. Reg. (1783) 158 Acts of retaliation, which, without proper preventions, may have an extent equally calamitous and dishonourable to both parties. a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. x. 156 Till the usual moment of going to the Pump-room, she felt some alarm from the dread of a second prevention . View more context for this quotation 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing viii. 440 They furnish preventions for that lassitude which so often arises..from want of employment. 1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet I. 232 Gallows—A cure without being a prevention of crime. 1878 Harper's Mag. July 272/2 The ‘philosophers’..are negatively responsible for its crimes by failing to provide the necessary moral preventions. 1922 G. S. Hall Senescence vi. 317 Far more..deaths and preventions and postponements of death than we know are amenable to mind cure because they are mindmade. 1966 Times 16 Feb. 7/7 President Eisenhower's physician recommended it as a prevention against heart illness. 2002 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 25 May b1/4 Vaccinating domestic animals against rabies is one of the best preventions. †b. Action intended to provide against an anticipated problem or danger; a defensive measure. Obsolete.In later use perhaps influenced by or passing into sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > precaution provention1548 premunitiona1592 wariment1596 precaution1599 prevention1600 guard1609 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > precaution > a precaution cautel1541 caveata1599 prevention1600 precaution1603 guard1609 cautiona1616 precautionary1748 1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 93 This preuention was done like a valiant and wise Prince. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. iii. §3. 250 The same preuention Herod long after practised. 1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity Estates xxxiii. 973 And questionlesse the people, without this preuention, might easily haue many times reuolted. 1640 T. Carew Poems 144 Where our prevention ends, danger begins. a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) iii. ii. 92 I took the liberty, by way of prevention, to get him secured for the money. 1791 Times 7 Sept. 3/1 The German Commander has found every other means of prevention ineffectual but the withdrawing them [sc. his regiments] totally from the borders. †II. Senses related to preceding or anticipating something. 4. a. Ecclesiastical Law. The privilege possessed or claimed by a superior of taking precedence over an inferior in the execution of an official duty normally belonging to the latter. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > law > canon law > [noun] > privilege of superior prevention1528 provention1548 1528 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 311 Hys..desier is, Your sayd Grace, by verteu off your Legantine prerogative and prevention, conferr to hys chapleyn, Mr. Wilson, the vicarege off Thackstedd. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxiiij^v [Wolsey was] called on for an answere..to the premunire, for geuyng benefices by preuension, in disturbance of mennes inheritaunce. 1562 tr. J. Jewel Apol. Church Eng. vi. xxi, in Wks. (1579) 726 Peradventure they will saie That Peter..solde Iubilees, Graces, Liberties, Aduousons, Preuentions. 1706 tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. II. iv. xx. 346 (note) Preventions are Privileges that a Superior claims over an Inferior; that when he comes first, the Inferior loses his Right for that Time. b. Scots Law. The privilege exercised by a superior judge or civil magistrate of assuming jurisdiction over a case commenced by an inferior, or of presiding over a case which would normally fall to an inferior. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 361 Prevention is, when one Judge interposes his authority, or when a tryal is entered upon by one Judge, before another Judge do exerce any action of Jurisdiction about that subject. 1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. ii. ¶62 Jurisdiction and courts are comprehended in barony... But all jurisdiction is cumulative with, and not exclusive of the superior's jurisdiction, so that there is place of prevention. 1752 A. McDouall Inst. Law Scotland iv. ¶27 Jurisdiction is either cumulative, in which prevention takes place, or privative. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon Prevention, the right which a superior person or officer has to lay hold of, claim, or transact, an affair prior to an inferior one, to whom otherwise it more immediately belongs, as when the Judges prevent subaltern ones. 5. The coming, action, or occurrence of one person or thing before another, or before the due time; previous occurrence. Also Theology: the action of prevenient grace; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] priority?a1475 prevention1544 earliness1575 foregoinga1586 foreness1587 formerness1587 antecedency1598 anteriority1599 precedence1605 pregression1623 antecedencea1626 antecession1629 precedency1634 beforeness1635 earlierness1674 previousness1677 precursorship1856 anteriornessa1866 precession1898 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > graciousness or grace > preceding repentance or conversion > fact or action of prevention1651 prevenience1872 1544 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) X. 179 The prevention of the tyme of the French Quenes retourne. 1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 18 His gracious preuention that giueth to each worke a happy period. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §210 The greater the distance, the greater is the prevention: as we see in thunder which is far off, where the lightning precedeth the crack a good space. 1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 213 Workes, which none can attaine unto without the prevention of Gods mercy. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (1661) II. iv. 127 Oh gracious prevention of mercy, both had and given ere it can be asked. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. III. 577 That those Preventions might furnish an opportunity for rendering both his Humility and his Faith exemplary and publick. 1708 Abstr. Remarkable Passages in Life Private Gentleman i. 27 We have no reason to expect such merciful preventions in our Rambles. 6. Action or occurrence before or in anticipation of the expected, appointed, or normal time; an anticipatory action, statement, etc. Also Rhetoric: prolepsis; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [noun] > (untimely) earliness > occurrence earlier than expected anticipation1556 prevention1571 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > anticipation > of opponent's objections preoccupation1552 prevention1571 procatalepsis1577 prolepsis1580 presumptuous1589 preventer1589 propounder1589 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lx. 12) In the way of preuention he proceedeth further, and sayth that he looked for the residew at Gods hand. 1583 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 619 The effect of the law wes fulfullit be preventioun of the terme. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xiv. 251 Hee answereth that obiection by a preuention (so to terme it) calling him Lord of all. 1658 E. Reynolds Rich Mans Charge 4 This Duty is pressed by a very elegant reason,..as a prolepsis or prevention of what might be objected. 1713 Ld. Shaftesbury Notion Hist. Draught Judgm. Hercules v. 32 How particularly our philosophical Historian affects to speak, by way of prevention, of the solitary place where Hercules was retir'd. 1765 W. Gordon Every young Man's Compan. (ed. 4) 36 Prolepsis or Prevention, starts Objections and answers them. 7. A presentiment, a premonition. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > premonition, presentiment > [noun] > instance of boding1297 pricking of (also in) one's thumbsa1398 sense1549 presagition?c1550 forefeeling1551 aboding1579 bode1587 foresignification1592 presage1597 prevention1601 bodement1642 presentiment1663 forebodea1680 forebodement1755 omening1796 bodeword1832 forefeel1839 hunch1904 1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. A3 I could burst At the coniectures feares, preuentions And restles tumbling of our tossed braines. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar i. 53 These [delights] are the antepasts and preventions of the full feasts..of Eternity. 1708 tr. P. Bayle Misc. Reflections Comet I. §xcv. 195 Strange Prevention! If there be Kings whose Lives are more particularly struck at by Comets denouncing the greatest Woes, [etc.] 1801 C. Smith Lett. Solitary Wanderer I. 247 Which I had a strange prevention would be fatal to one of us. 8. A prejudice, bias, or prepossession. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > [noun] forejudging1571 preoccupation1572 prejudicateness1603 prejudicacy1608 forestalment1611 prepossession1638 anticipation1640 prejudice1643 biasedness1667 prevention1671 engagement1689 prejudgement1799 strabismus1844 parti pris1860 1671 T. Gumble Life Gen. Monck 144 [He] brought an assurance from the Lord Fairfax, that he would not fail to be asistant to him, which was kept very private, lest it might be published to his prevention. 1688 Bp. G. Burnet Three Lett. State of Italy 16 A man that sees the exteriour of another,..and is much taken with his face,..and mien, and thus has a blind prevention in his favour. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. ii. iii. 108 'Tis a known Prevention against the Gentlemen of this Character; ‘That they are generally ill-humour'd’. 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 179 Much assisted by his natural prevention in favour of himself. 1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. in Wks. I. 403/2 My prevention, in regard to the country about Rome, was almost as great, and almost as unjust to Nature. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1447
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