becomev.

Brit.

/bᵻˈkʌm/, U.S.

/bəˈkəm/,

/biˈkəm/

Forms: Past tense became; Past participle become. Forms as in come n.¹: also in 16–17th c. past tense and past participle often becomed, esp. in senses 5 – 8: see next word. Prefix in Middle English also bi-, by-.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English becuman to arrive, attain, happen, corresponding to Old High German biqueman , modern German bekommen , Dutch bekomen , Gothic biquiman , < bi- be- prefix 1 + quiman , in Old English cuman , to come v. With the development of senses 5, 6, compare French devenir; with that of 7 compare Latin convenīre, Greek προσήκειν.

I. To come, come about.

†1.

a. intransitive. To come (to a place), to arrive; passing in later use into ‘betake oneself, go.’ Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]

nimeOE

becomec885

teec888

goeOE

i-goc900

lithec900

wendeOE

i-farec950

yongc950

to wend one's streetOE

fare971

i-wende971

shakeOE

winda1000

meteOE

wendOE

strikec1175

seekc1200

wevec1200

drawa1225

stira1225

glidea1275

kenc1275

movec1275

teemc1275

tightc1275

till1297

chevec1300

strake13..

travelc1300

choosec1320

to choose one's gatea1325

journeyc1330

reachc1330

repairc1330

wisec1330

cairc1340

covera1375

dressa1375

passa1375

tenda1375

puta1382

proceedc1392

doa1400

fanda1400

haunta1400

snya1400

take?a1400

thrilla1400

trace?a1400

trinea1400

fangc1400

to make (also have) resortc1425

to make one's repair (to)c1425

resort1429

ayrec1440

havea1450

speer?c1450

rokec1475

wina1500

hent1508

persevere?1521

pursuec1540

rechec1540

yede1563

bing1567

march1568

to go one's ways1581

groyl1582

yode1587

sally1590

track1590

way1596

frame1609

trickle1629

recur1654

wag1684

fadge1694

haul1802

hike1809

to get around1849

riddle1856

bat1867

biff1923

truck1925

c885 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. viii. §3 Hannibal to þam lande becom.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 129 Hwer bicomen heo þa?

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1744 To ðe munt galaad he bi-cam.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13748 Wommon he seide where beþ bicomen Þine enemyes.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 124 Where may I become for to haue good conceyll.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) v. 450 Thay war becumin oure the said montanis.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xvii. B Where so euer he becommeth, he prospereth.

1554 T. Mountain in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. i. xxiv. 198 Knew not where to become that night.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xlv. 263 Houses, so full of Glasse, that one cannot tell, where to become, to be out of the Sunne.

†b. where became it, is it become, etc. (= ‘where went it, has it gone’) are now expressed by what became of it, has become of it: see 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [phrase] > what's happened to it?

becomec1275

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10935 Wær scullen we bicumen [c1300 Otho bi-come].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8998 Quar be-com al his in-sight?

c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1652 No man wist whor he bycome.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 22 He asked his wiff wher the ele was become.

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. (1557) 274/1 Where were become al good ordre among men.

1546 Wycklyffes Wycket sig. A.ix^v Where then becommeth your ministrations.

1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer 24 Why should the wicked..say, Where is their God become?

1636 tr. J. Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin Ariana i. vii. 130 Where is become of this honour, and this vertue?

†2.

a. transferred. To come, in reference to time or state. Obsolete, or (with infinitive) archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become > get into specified condition

becomec888

fallOE

turnc1540

change1583

to get into ——1657

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §11 Oft becymþ se ánweald þisse worulde to swiþe godum monnum.

OE Beowulf 115 Syþðan niht becom.

a1230 Juliana 21 Ich schal bliðe bicumen to endelese blissen.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 431/1 Thenne the sayd Saynt..became to al maner perfeccion of lyf.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 112^v Why Diogenes first became to bee a philosophier.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 75 The said arch-bischope..become in the Quenis will.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. ii. 265 The whole World was now become to be held by three Princes.

1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 345 The Senatorian Order..became to have Seats in the Amphitheatre.

1806 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) 369 It becomes to be loved on its own account.

†b. To come, in reference to origin. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > originate, derive, or arise [verb (intransitive)]

arisec950

syeOE

comeOE

riselOE

springc1175

buildc1340

derivec1386

sourdc1386

proceedc1390

becomea1400

to be descended (from, of)1399

bursta1400

to take roota1400

resolve?c1400

sourdre14..

springc1405

descenda1413

sprayc1425

well?a1475

depart1477

issue1481

provene1505

surmount1522

sprout1567

accrue?1576

source1599

dimane1610

move1615

drill1638

emane1656

emanate1756

originate1758

to hail from1841

deduce1866

inherita1890

stem1932

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > emerge or present itself

to come in (also to, on, etc.) placec1225

astart1393

becomea1400

emerge1570

bubble1578

to flower off1644

steal1798

to gust up1813

to crop up1844

outcrop1856

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 10936 Þis Zachari..Be-comen was of leuy side.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9354 His moder..was be-comen al o þair kin.

1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 137 a A country..wherof became the Ryuer so called.

†3. To come about, come to pass, happen; to fall to one's lot, befall.

a. with dative or to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)]

becomec888

i-tidec888

falleOE

ywortheOE

i-limp975

belimpOE

i-timeOE

worthOE

tidea1131

goa1200

arearc1275

syec1275

betide1297

fere1297

risea1350

to come aboutc1350

overcomea1382

passa1393

comea1400

to come in (also to, on, etc.) placea1400

eschew?a1400

chevec1400

shapec1400

hold1462

to come (also go) to pass1481

proceed?1518

occura1522

bechance1527

overpass1530

sorta1535

succeed1537

adventurec1540

to fall toc1540

success1545

to fall forth1569

fadge1573

beword?1577

to fall in1578

happen1580

event1590

arrive1600

offer1601

grow1614

fudge1615

incur1626

evene1654

obvene1654

to take place1770

transpire1775

to go on1873

to show up1879

materialize1885

break1914

cook1932

to go down1946

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix §9 Swa hit hwilum gewyrþ þæt þæm godum becymþ anfeald yfel.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2227 Wel michil sorge is me bi-cumen.

1556 W. Lauder Compend. Tractate Dewtie of Kyngis sig. A^v And quhat sall becum to Kyngis, that contynewis in Iniquitie.

1655 J. Jennings tr. J.-P. Camus Elise 147 What became this woman, when she heard this news?

†b. without construction; often impersonally.

ΚΠ

c1210 Leg. Kath. 1563 Bicom [to] þat te king maxence moste fearen.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1577 Quad esau, ‘grot sal bi-cumen’.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxii. 89 It becam ones that the good man made semblaunt to goo oute.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 445/2 It becometh, it happeneth, it chaunseth.

4. become of (after ‘what’) was used formerly in sense of ‘come out of, result from,’ but has also taken the place of ‘where is it become,’ etc., in 1b, in reference to the later locality, position, or fate of a person or thing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > become of

betidea1400

worthc1400

befall1470

become of1535

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > consequently or as a result [phrase] > result from

become of1535

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. xxxii. 1 We can not tell what is become [1382 Wyclif, what is befallyn; 1388 what befelde] of this man Moses.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxxvii. 20 We shall see what will become of his dreames.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. ii. 36 What will become of this?.. My state is desperate.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 183 Nor do I know what is become Of him, more then the Pope.

1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 211 It is no Matter what becomes of the Town.

1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ ii. 18 [St. Paul] is telling what was become of his companions.

1875 H. Spencer First Princ. (ed. 3) ii. v. §56. 183 What becomes of this element at either extreme of the oscillation?

II. To come to be. (Closely related to sense 2)

5. To come to be (something or in some state).

†a. with to, into. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become

yworthOE

worthOE

goOE

becomec1175

come?a1200

waxc1220

charea1225

aworthc1275

makea1300

fallc1300

breedc1325

grow1340

strikea1375

yern1377

entera1382

turna1400

smitec1400

raxa1500

resolvea1500

to get into ——?1510

waxen1540

get1558

prove1560

proceed1578

befall1592

drop1654

evade1677

emerge1699

to turn out1740

to gain into1756

permute1864

slip1864

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 215 To lure hit bi-kumeð of hwuche half so hit falleð.

a1250 Prov. Alfred 383 in Old Eng. Misc. 126 Werldes welþe schulle bi-cumen to nouhte.

c1305 St. Kenelm 129 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 51 To a litel foȝel he bicom.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxxxv. 116 The..myrthe was soone falle doune, and..become in to grete trystesse.

1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 51 The rest of the ground is become into smal tenements.

a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) II. ix. 28 The Church of God, being now become, from a private family..to a great and numerous nation.

b. with substantive or adj. complement.

ΚΠ

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 47 Þa bicom his licome swiðe feble.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 21 And þus bicam ure lafdi mid childe.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 881 He cast al his colour and bi-com pale.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lxii. 178 Goddis sone bycame man and dwellyd among vs.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 135/4 So wyse a man is such a fole becomen.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 1 The vniuersal pepil ar be cum distitute of iustice.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xix. 26 His wife looked backe..she became a pillar of salt.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xxix. 175 Their Boughs were becommen too great.

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 397 The asmak, or Turkish vail, is become..agreeable to me.

1774 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. to Son I. 11 Unfortunately for her, she became in love with him.

1831 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (U.S. ed. 11) II. 699 When..more largely diluted with water, it becomes hot.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 4 When first they became known to the Tyrian mariners.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §4. 298 Florence..became the home of an intellectual Revival.

6. To come into being or existence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (intransitive)] > come into existence

awakenc885

waxc888

arisec950

beOE

comeOE

aspringc1000

atspringOE

growOE

to come upOE

inrisea1300

breedc1385

upspringc1386

takec1391

to come in?c1430

engender?1440

uprise1471

braird?a1500

risea1513

insurde1521

insurge1523

spring1538

to start up1568

exsurge1578

upstart1580

become1605

born1609

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 2 In the instant when Time first became.

1876 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life ii. ii. 56 The powers given us by Nature are little more than a power to become.

III. To agree or accord with; suit, befit, grace.

7. transitive. To accord with, agree with, be suitable to; to befit (object originally dative).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > suit or be suitable for [verb (transitive)] > be fitting or proper for

riseeOE

i-riseOE

seemc1175

becomea1230

i-semec1275

comec1325

beseema1425

besitc1449

befitc1460

betidea1555

beset1567

due?1606

a1230 Juliana 7 He wes freo boren, and hem walde bicumen a freo boren burde.

1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. xviii. sig. E.vii^v They shulde do suche thynges as becommed theyr shape.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice v. i. 57 Soft stilnes, and the night become the tutches of sweet harmonie.

1611 Bible (King James) Heb. vii. 26 Such an high Priest became vs.

1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xvii. 7 Excellent speech becommeth not a foole.

1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 201 A Book would become his Hands better than a Hoe.

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) III. 29 A tone of modesty..would become them better.

1810 W. Wordsworth Sonn. to Liberty ii. xxv A garland..Becomes not one whose father is a slave.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. ii. 177 He had that public spirit which became his station.

8. impersonal (now usually with it).

†a. (absol., with to, for, or clause.) To be congruous, appropriate, fitting. Obsolete, replaced by ‘it is becoming’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > be suitable, appropriate, or suit [verb (intransitive)] > be fitting or proper

i-burec1000

shallc1000

belongOE

becomec1175

fallc1175

beliea1225

ferea1300

longc1350

beseemc1384

pertainc1384

it is worthy thata1398

accordc1400

foldc1400

affeir1415

fit1574

suit?1591

sort1595

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 45 Nu bi-comeð hit..to uwilchen cristene monne..to haliȝen þenne dei.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 36 Doþ hem alle wel an horse, as a kyng bi comeþ to.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 266 Hyt by-cometh for a kyng..To ȝeve men mede.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. xii. 14 Speakynge soch wordes as it becommeth not.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. iv. 6 It became that the high mysteries of the gods should be reuealed & taught.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. v. 126 Set this Diamond safe..as it becomes .

b. with object (originally dative). To befit; to be proper to or for.

ΚΠ

a1230 Juliana 55 Wel bisemeð þe to beon and bikimeð [v.r. bicumeð] to beo streon of a swuch strunde.

c1300 Beket 1179 Uvele Bicom him to gon afote.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliv. 295 To play with tenys balles become hym better.

1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 192 It had becommed them a great deale better, to haue punished their seruant.

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1776/2 We haue begonne as becommed vs.

1645 Directory Publique Worship 35 Gravely, as becometh the Word of God.

1661 A. Marvell Let. 1 June in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 28 These are nakednesses w^ch it becomes us to cover.

1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xxxvi. 276 It becomes men..to make provision for rectifying their mistakes.

1826 W. Scott Diary 12 May in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) VI. 230 I thought it became me to make public how far I was concerned.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest III. xii. 95 He was fonder of hunting than became an Archbishop.

9. Hence, To look well (on or with), to set out.

†a. absol. To look well (i.e. in its place); to be comely or becoming. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > have pleasing appearance [verb (intransitive)]

becomec1300

smile1594

to look nice1793

c1300 Beket 2351 Wel bicom the brighte gold, upon the rede blod.

b. Said, esp. of an accessory, property, attribute, quality, or action, suiting or gracing its owner or subject. At first with an adverb (well, etc.), but afterwards also without one.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off

becomec1314

commend1535

advancea1555

comely1573

outseta1578

countenance?1578

to set out1586

to stick off1613

to set offa1616

suit1655

to put off1700

advantage1748

approve1849

flatter1904

c1314 Guy Warw. 4 The kirtel bicom him swithe wel.

c1400 A. Davy Five Dreams 11 A Coroune of gold Bicom hym wel.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxiv. 244 Nothing in the world could worse haue becomen them.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iv. 8 Nothing in his Life became him, Like the leauing it.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. i. 240 Bluntnesse of speech hath becom'd some, and made them more acceptable.

1716 J. Addison Drummer ii. 16 Her Widow's Weeds..became her.

1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 53 So anxious to have their Dress become them.

c. Of a person: To grace or adorn his surroundings, place, or position, to occupy or wear with fitting grace.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > suit or be suitable for [verb (transitive)] > be suited to his or its environment, etc. > well

becomea1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 253 Did euer Dian so become a Groue As Kate this chamber?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 105 She will become thy bed.

1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vi. 162 Which place he became well.

1713 R. Steele in Guardian 4 Apr. 2/1 A graceful Man..who became the Dignity of his Function.

d. Hence, To look well in (a dress, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > look well in [verb (transitive)]

become1660

1660 A. Marvell Let. 17 Nov. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 19 The youth of your own town..become their arms much better then any soldiers.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 75. ⁋9 The splendour which I became so well.

1875 A. Helps Social Pressure i. 3 She with her dark hair did most become that yellow gown.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	become
释义	becomev. Brit. /bᵻˈkʌm/, U.S. /bəˈkəm/, /biˈkəm/ Forms: Past tense became; Past participle become. Forms as in come n.¹: also in 16–17th c. past tense and past participle often becomed, esp. in senses 5 – 8: see next word. Prefix in Middle English also bi-, by-. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English becuman to arrive, attain, happen, corresponding to Old High German biqueman , modern German bekommen , Dutch bekomen , Gothic biquiman , < bi- be- prefix 1 + quiman , in Old English cuman , to come v. With the development of senses 5, 6, compare French devenir; with that of 7 compare Latin convenīre, Greek προσήκειν. I. To come, come about. †1. a. intransitive. To come (to a place), to arrive; passing in later use into ‘betake oneself, go.’ Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] nimeOE becomec885 teec888 goeOE i-goc900 lithec900 wendeOE i-farec950 yongc950 to wend one's streetOE fare971 i-wende971 shakeOE winda1000 meteOE wendOE strikec1175 seekc1200 wevec1200 drawa1225 stira1225 glidea1275 kenc1275 movec1275 teemc1275 tightc1275 till1297 chevec1300 strake13.. travelc1300 choosec1320 to choose one's gatea1325 journeyc1330 reachc1330 repairc1330 wisec1330 cairc1340 covera1375 dressa1375 passa1375 tenda1375 puta1382 proceedc1392 doa1400 fanda1400 haunta1400 snya1400 take?a1400 thrilla1400 trace?a1400 trinea1400 fangc1400 to make (also have) resortc1425 to make one's repair (to)c1425 resort1429 ayrec1440 havea1450 speer?c1450 rokec1475 wina1500 hent1508 persevere?1521 pursuec1540 rechec1540 yede1563 bing1567 march1568 to go one's ways1581 groyl1582 yode1587 sally1590 track1590 way1596 frame1609 trickle1629 recur1654 wag1684 fadge1694 haul1802 hike1809 to get around1849 riddle1856 bat1867 biff1923 truck1925 c885 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. viii. §3 Hannibal to þam lande becom. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 129 Hwer bicomen heo þa? a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1744 To ðe munt galaad he bi-cam. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13748 Wommon he seide where beþ bicomen Þine enemyes. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 124 Where may I become for to haue good conceyll. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) v. 450 Thay war becumin oure the said montanis. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xvii. B Where so euer he becommeth, he prospereth. 1554 T. Mountain in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. i. xxiv. 198 Knew not where to become that night. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xlv. 263 Houses, so full of Glasse, that one cannot tell, where to become, to be out of the Sunne. †b. where became it, is it become, etc. (= ‘where went it, has it gone’) are now expressed by what became of it, has become of it: see 4. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [phrase] > what's happened to it? becomec1275 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10935 Wær scullen we bicumen [c1300 Otho bi-come]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8998 Quar be-com al his in-sight? c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 1652 No man wist whor he bycome. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 22 He asked his wiff wher the ele was become. 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. (1557) 274/1 Where were become al good ordre among men. 1546 Wycklyffes Wycket sig. A.ix^v Where then becommeth your ministrations. 1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer 24 Why should the wicked..say, Where is their God become? 1636 tr. J. Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin Ariana i. vii. 130 Where is become of this honour, and this vertue? †2. a. transferred. To come, in reference to time or state. Obsolete, or (with infinitive) archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become > get into specified condition becomec888 fallOE turnc1540 change1583 to get into ——1657 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §11 Oft becymþ se ánweald þisse worulde to swiþe godum monnum. OE Beowulf 115 Syþðan niht becom. a1230 Juliana 21 Ich schal bliðe bicumen to endelese blissen. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 431/1 Thenne the sayd Saynt..became to al maner perfeccion of lyf. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 112^v Why Diogenes first became to bee a philosophier. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 75 The said arch-bischope..become in the Quenis will. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. ii. 265 The whole World was now become to be held by three Princes. 1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 345 The Senatorian Order..became to have Seats in the Amphitheatre. 1806 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) 369 It becomes to be loved on its own account. †b. To come, in reference to origin. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > originate, derive, or arise [verb (intransitive)] arisec950 syeOE comeOE riselOE springc1175 buildc1340 derivec1386 sourdc1386 proceedc1390 becomea1400 to be descended (from, of)1399 bursta1400 to take roota1400 resolve?c1400 sourdre14.. springc1405 descenda1413 sprayc1425 well?a1475 depart1477 issue1481 provene1505 surmount1522 sprout1567 accrue?1576 source1599 dimane1610 move1615 drill1638 emane1656 emanate1756 originate1758 to hail from1841 deduce1866 inherita1890 stem1932 the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > emerge or present itself to come in (also to, on, etc.) placec1225 astart1393 becomea1400 emerge1570 bubble1578 to flower off1644 steal1798 to gust up1813 to crop up1844 outcrop1856 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 10936 Þis Zachari..Be-comen was of leuy side. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9354 His moder..was be-comen al o þair kin. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 137 a A country..wherof became the Ryuer so called. †3. To come about, come to pass, happen; to fall to one's lot, befall. a. with dative or to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] becomec888 i-tidec888 falleOE ywortheOE i-limp975 belimpOE i-timeOE worthOE tidea1131 goa1200 arearc1275 syec1275 betide1297 fere1297 risea1350 to come aboutc1350 overcomea1382 passa1393 comea1400 to come in (also to, on, etc.) placea1400 eschew?a1400 chevec1400 shapec1400 hold1462 to come (also go) to pass1481 proceed?1518 occura1522 bechance1527 overpass1530 sorta1535 succeed1537 adventurec1540 to fall toc1540 success1545 to fall forth1569 fadge1573 beword?1577 to fall in1578 happen1580 event1590 arrive1600 offer1601 grow1614 fudge1615 incur1626 evene1654 obvene1654 to take place1770 transpire1775 to go on1873 to show up1879 materialize1885 break1914 cook1932 to go down1946 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix §9 Swa hit hwilum gewyrþ þæt þæm godum becymþ anfeald yfel. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2227 Wel michil sorge is me bi-cumen. 1556 W. Lauder Compend. Tractate Dewtie of Kyngis sig. A^v And quhat sall becum to Kyngis, that contynewis in Iniquitie. 1655 J. Jennings tr. J.-P. Camus Elise 147 What became this woman, when she heard this news? †b. without construction; often impersonally. ΚΠ c1210 Leg. Kath. 1563 Bicom [to] þat te king maxence moste fearen. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1577 Quad esau, ‘grot sal bi-cumen’. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxii. 89 It becam ones that the good man made semblaunt to goo oute. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 445/2 It becometh, it happeneth, it chaunseth. 4. become of (after ‘what’) was used formerly in sense of ‘come out of, result from,’ but has also taken the place of ‘where is it become,’ etc., in 1b, in reference to the later locality, position, or fate of a person or thing. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > become of betidea1400 worthc1400 befall1470 become of1535 the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > consequently or as a result [phrase] > result from become of1535 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. xxxii. 1 We can not tell what is become [1382 Wyclif, what is befallyn; 1388 what befelde] of this man Moses. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxxvii. 20 We shall see what will become of his dreames. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. ii. 36 What will become of this?.. My state is desperate. View more context for this quotation 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 183 Nor do I know what is become Of him, more then the Pope. 1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 211 It is no Matter what becomes of the Town. 1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ ii. 18 [St. Paul] is telling what was become of his companions. 1875 H. Spencer First Princ. (ed. 3) ii. v. §56. 183 What becomes of this element at either extreme of the oscillation? II. To come to be. (Closely related to sense 2) 5. To come to be (something or in some state). †a. with to, into. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become yworthOE worthOE goOE becomec1175 come?a1200 waxc1220 charea1225 aworthc1275 makea1300 fallc1300 breedc1325 grow1340 strikea1375 yern1377 entera1382 turna1400 smitec1400 raxa1500 resolvea1500 to get into ——?1510 waxen1540 get1558 prove1560 proceed1578 befall1592 drop1654 evade1677 emerge1699 to turn out1740 to gain into1756 permute1864 slip1864 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 215 To lure hit bi-kumeð of hwuche half so hit falleð. a1250 Prov. Alfred 383 in Old Eng. Misc. 126 Werldes welþe schulle bi-cumen to nouhte. c1305 St. Kenelm 129 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 51 To a litel foȝel he bicom. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxxxv. 116 The..myrthe was soone falle doune, and..become in to grete trystesse. 1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 51 The rest of the ground is become into smal tenements. a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) II. ix. 28 The Church of God, being now become, from a private family..to a great and numerous nation. b. with substantive or adj. complement. ΚΠ c1175 Lamb. Hom. 47 Þa bicom his licome swiðe feble. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 21 And þus bicam ure lafdi mid childe. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 881 He cast al his colour and bi-com pale. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lxii. 178 Goddis sone bycame man and dwellyd among vs. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 135/4 So wyse a man is such a fole becomen. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 1 The vniuersal pepil ar be cum distitute of iustice. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xix. 26 His wife looked backe..she became a pillar of salt. View more context for this quotation 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xxix. 175 Their Boughs were becommen too great. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 397 The asmak, or Turkish vail, is become..agreeable to me. 1774 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. to Son I. 11 Unfortunately for her, she became in love with him. 1831 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (U.S. ed. 11) II. 699 When..more largely diluted with water, it becomes hot. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 4 When first they became known to the Tyrian mariners. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §4. 298 Florence..became the home of an intellectual Revival. 6. To come into being or existence. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (intransitive)] > come into existence awakenc885 waxc888 arisec950 beOE comeOE aspringc1000 atspringOE growOE to come upOE inrisea1300 breedc1385 upspringc1386 takec1391 to come in?c1430 engender?1440 uprise1471 braird?a1500 risea1513 insurde1521 insurge1523 spring1538 to start up1568 exsurge1578 upstart1580 become1605 born1609 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 2 In the instant when Time first became. 1876 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life ii. ii. 56 The powers given us by Nature are little more than a power to become. III. To agree or accord with; suit, befit, grace. 7. transitive. To accord with, agree with, be suitable to; to befit (object originally dative). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > suit or be suitable for [verb (transitive)] > be fitting or proper for riseeOE i-riseOE seemc1175 becomea1230 i-semec1275 comec1325 beseema1425 besitc1449 befitc1460 betidea1555 beset1567 due?1606 a1230 Juliana 7 He wes freo boren, and hem walde bicumen a freo boren burde. 1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. xviii. sig. E.vii^v They shulde do suche thynges as becommed theyr shape. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice v. i. 57 Soft stilnes, and the night become the tutches of sweet harmonie. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Heb. vii. 26 Such an high Priest became vs. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xvii. 7 Excellent speech becommeth not a foole. View more context for this quotation 1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 201 A Book would become his Hands better than a Hoe. 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) III. 29 A tone of modesty..would become them better. 1810 W. Wordsworth Sonn. to Liberty ii. xxv A garland..Becomes not one whose father is a slave. 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. ii. 177 He had that public spirit which became his station. 8. impersonal (now usually with it). †a. (absol., with to, for, or clause.) To be congruous, appropriate, fitting. Obsolete, replaced by ‘it is becoming’. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > be suitable, appropriate, or suit [verb (intransitive)] > be fitting or proper i-burec1000 shallc1000 belongOE becomec1175 fallc1175 beliea1225 ferea1300 longc1350 beseemc1384 pertainc1384 it is worthy thata1398 accordc1400 foldc1400 affeir1415 fit1574 suit?1591 sort1595 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 45 Nu bi-comeð hit..to uwilchen cristene monne..to haliȝen þenne dei. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 36 Doþ hem alle wel an horse, as a kyng bi comeþ to. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 266 Hyt by-cometh for a kyng..To ȝeve men mede. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. xii. 14 Speakynge soch wordes as it becommeth not. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. iv. 6 It became that the high mysteries of the gods should be reuealed & taught. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. v. 126 Set this Diamond safe..as it becomes . View more context for this quotation b. with object (originally dative). To befit; to be proper to or for. ΚΠ a1230 Juliana 55 Wel bisemeð þe to beon and bikimeð [v.r. bicumeð] to beo streon of a swuch strunde. c1300 Beket 1179 Uvele Bicom him to gon afote. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliv. 295 To play with tenys balles become hym better. 1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 192 It had becommed them a great deale better, to haue punished their seruant. 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1776/2 We haue begonne as becommed vs. 1645 Directory Publique Worship 35 Gravely, as becometh the Word of God. 1661 A. Marvell Let. 1 June in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 28 These are nakednesses w^ch it becomes us to cover. 1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xxxvi. 276 It becomes men..to make provision for rectifying their mistakes. 1826 W. Scott Diary 12 May in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) VI. 230 I thought it became me to make public how far I was concerned. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest III. xii. 95 He was fonder of hunting than became an Archbishop. 9. Hence, To look well (on or with), to set out. †a. absol. To look well (i.e. in its place); to be comely or becoming. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > have pleasing appearance [verb (intransitive)] becomec1300 smile1594 to look nice1793 c1300 Beket 2351 Wel bicom the brighte gold, upon the rede blod. b. Said, esp. of an accessory, property, attribute, quality, or action, suiting or gracing its owner or subject. At first with an adverb (well, etc.), but afterwards also without one. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off becomec1314 commend1535 advancea1555 comely1573 outseta1578 countenance?1578 to set out1586 to stick off1613 to set offa1616 suit1655 to put off1700 advantage1748 approve1849 flatter1904 c1314 Guy Warw. 4 The kirtel bicom him swithe wel. c1400 A. Davy Five Dreams 11 A Coroune of gold Bicom hym wel. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxiv. 244 Nothing in the world could worse haue becomen them. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iv. 8 Nothing in his Life became him, Like the leauing it. View more context for this quotation 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. i. 240 Bluntnesse of speech hath becom'd some, and made them more acceptable. 1716 J. Addison Drummer ii. 16 Her Widow's Weeds..became her. 1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 53 So anxious to have their Dress become them. c. Of a person: To grace or adorn his surroundings, place, or position, to occupy or wear with fitting grace. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > suit or be suitable for [verb (transitive)] > be suited to his or its environment, etc. > well becomea1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 253 Did euer Dian so become a Groue As Kate this chamber? View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 105 She will become thy bed. View more context for this quotation 1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vi. 162 Which place he became well. 1713 R. Steele in Guardian 4 Apr. 2/1 A graceful Man..who became the Dignity of his Function. d. Hence, To look well in (a dress, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > look well in [verb (transitive)] become1660 1660 A. Marvell Let. 17 Nov. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 19 The youth of your own town..become their arms much better then any soldiers. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 75. ⁋9 The splendour which I became so well. 1875 A. Helps Social Pressure i. 3 She with her dark hair did most become that yellow gown. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c885
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