单词 | prevent |
释义 | preventn. American Football. = prevent defence n. at prevent v. Compounds. ΚΠ 1967 Britannica Bk. of Year 1966 804/1 Prevent, a football defense in which linebackers and backs play deeper than usual in order to prevent the completion of a long pass. 1978 Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois) 8 Dec. iii. 11/1 The Wisconsin quarterback..had completed 33 of 48 passes, most of them in the last 10 minutes against the everloving prevent. 1995 San Diego Union-Tribune (Electronic ed.) 20 Apr. d2 Don't ask me my opinion of the prevent... They don't prevent anything. Every quarterback in the league loves to play the last two minutes of a game when they're behind, because it's easy pickin's. 2003 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 25 Nov. 66 Facing the Jaguars' ridiculously soft coverage—they used a prevent for the first seven plays—Pennington threw underneath on his first six completions. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). preventv. I. To anticipate or act in advance. a. transitive. To act before or more quickly than (a person or agent); to anticipate in action; to act in advance of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > anticipate or forestall before-takea1382 preventc1425 devance1485 prevenea1500 lurch1530 to take before the bounda1556 to be aforehand with1570 to be beforehand with1574 to meet halfwaya1586 preoccupate1588 forestall1589 fore-run1591 surprise1591 antedate1595 foreprise1597 preoccupy1607 preoccupy1638 pre-act1655 anticipatea1682 obviate1712 to head off1841 beat1847 to beat out1893 pre-empt1957 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 25 (MED) From that tyme they began to be more prompte to yeue ther almes, And also feruent in deuocioun and stryuyd who myght preuent anothir yn yeuynge. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 9714 (MED) Of swych feruoure She was þat hyr madynnys she dede preuente In goyng to cherche ful many an oure. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 428 So I am preuentid of my brethern tweyne In rendrynge to you thankkis meritory. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Aiiv I shoulde preuente, and take from hym the flower and grace of the noueltie. 1630 G. Hakewill Apologie (ed. 2) sig. Bbb2v (advt.) I finde my selfe for the maine matter prevented by Stephanus Pannonius in that booke of his. 1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xv. 146 Whil what to answer he was taking care, Helen prevented him. 1716 A. Pope Corr. 20 Mar. (1956) I. 336 I know you have prevented me in this thought, as you always will in any thing that is good. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. vi. 154 The fortunate soil assisted, and even prevented, the hand of cultivation. 1808 ‘H. St. Victor’ Ruins of Rigonda I. 6 Foventi wished..to ask the father's consent to address his daughter, when he was prevented by the baron's asking his advice in point of providing a husband. 1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights x. 216 I meditated this plan:—just to have one glimpse of your Face..afterwards settle my score with Hindley; and then prevent the law by doing execution on myself. b. transitive. Ecclesiastical Law. To take precedence over (an inferior) in the execution of an official duty. Cf. prevene v. 1c, and prevention n. 4a. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1886 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. ii. 651/3 Prevent, to transact or undertake any affair before an inferior, by right of position. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > hasten the occurrence of or make earlier advance1481 acceleratec1522 prevent1548 antedate1604 roll on ——1885 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 248 And tilyng, whenne hit tyme is hit to do, Is not to rathe yf dayis thryis fyue Hit be preuent. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 397 (MED) The lecches seide the deformite of the childe to be causede in that the dewe tyme of childenge was prevente [a1387 J. Trevisa þe childe was i-bore to fore his tyme; L. debita tempora prævenisset]. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xxvi. 116 As preuentyng the honour of his burial. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. viii. f. 168v Whyche count it the most glorious thyng to preuent their owne deathes. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 230 Such as are of this nature, prevent the Worlds Doome, and their own, not staying for the general Conflagration, but beginning it. a1683 J. Oldham Remains in Verse & Prose 34 in Wks. & Remains (1684) Fear is like to prevent and do the Work of my Distemper. 3. transitive. Theology. Of God, God's grace, etc.: to go before (a person) with spiritual guidance and help; (a) so as to anticipate a person's actions or needs; (b) so as to predispose (a person) to repentance, faith, and good works. Cf. prevenient adj. 1. archaic in later use.Now used chiefly in quoting or alluding to older biblical translations, or the Book of Common Prayer (see quots. 15492, 15493). ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (transitive)] > exercise grace preventc1450 prevenea1513 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (transitive)] > exercise grace > predispose to repentance (of grace) preventc1450 prevenea1513 c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies i. v, in Anglia (1885) 8 137 (MED) She, preuent & inspirid of þe, considerid þe beenfetz þat þou mercyfulle schewdist..to mankynde. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 49 But if þou be preuent and norisshid wiþ his grace. 1531 W. Tyndale Expos. Fyrste Epist. St. Jhon sig. C.vii In all that we do or thinke wel, he preventyth vs with his grace. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Celebr. Holye Communion f. lviiiv As by thy speciall grace, preuentyng vs, thou doest put in our mindes good desires. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Celebr. Holye Communion f. lxxxixv That thy grace maye alwayes preuente and folowe vs. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxxiiv Preuent vs, O lorde, in all our doinges, with thy most gracious fauour. 1597 J. Tanner Serm. Paules Crosse (new ed.) 65 The benignitie of God did alwaies prevent me, from many dangers freed me. 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 45 The Spirit of Truth and Wisdom, that doth really and truly but secretly prevent and direct them. 1678 A. Seller Devout Communicant (ed. 4) 182 If thy grace prevented us before repentance, that we might return, shall it not much more prevent repenting sinners that we may not perish? a1711 T. Ken Divine Love in Wks. (1838) 303 O let thy grace..ever prevent, accompany, and follow me. 1794 W. Sweeting Remarkable Narr. 10 If I had not been by grace prevented, they [sc. my sins] would have led me to death. 1841 R. C. Trench Parables: Lost Sheep (1860) 371 It is in fact only the same truth..that grace must prevent as well as follow us. 1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness ii. 12 God in it prevents us (in the old sense of the word ‘prevents’), anticipates us with His Grace. 1950 Church Hist. 19 201 What one misses in Evagrius..is ‘grace’, preventing and accompanying the soul in its progress towards purity. a. transitive. To act in anticipation of, or in preparation for (a future event or point of time, esp. a time fixed for some action); to act as if (the event or time) had already come. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > anticipate or forestall > a time prevent1467 to run before ——1513 1467–8 Rolls of Parl. V. 623/1 Better it were to prevente the tyme and occupie the seid Adversary at home, than to suffre hym to entre this Londe. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 37 The peple prevente [L. prævenitur] that feste by the abstinence of a monethe. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxix. 148 Myne eyes preuente ye night watches, yt I might be occupied in thy wordes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. i. 104 But I do finde it Cowardly, and vile, For feare of what might fall, so to preuent The time of life. View more context for this quotation 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 165 Thus we prevent the last great day, And judge our selves. 1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer iv. ii. 59 Who does not prevent the Hour of Love; outstays the Time. 1712 Dutch Generosity 13 It obliged him to prevent the Hour he had appointed for his Reception. 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 150 Cælia,..preventing the appointed hour,..chides my tardy steps. 1813 W. Scott Rokeby ii. 59 Bertram..from the towers, preventing day, With Wilfrid took his early way. b. transitive. To anticipate or meet beforehand (a want, desire, objection, question, command, etc.). Obsolete (in later use archaic). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)] > prepare to meet devance1485 preventa1533 affronta1616 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (transitive)] to cast dangerc1449 forecasta1513 preventa1533 foredeem1542 premeditate1566 foretake1588 fore-run1591 foreprise1597 to lay one's account with (also on, for)1606 foreguess1640 prospect1652 precalculate1840 pre-empt1928 second-guess1941 a1533 J. Frith Against Rastel (?1535–6) sig. Aviii To this twoo poyntes I answere preventinge theyr objeccion that they shuld not despyse it, because of my youthe. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 100 Anticipacion, is when we preuent those wordes, that another would saie, and disproue theim as vntrue, or at least wise, answere vnto them. 1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 1v So that I preuented his desire, and in some sort to satis-fie him, said I was neuer till nowe in this Countrey. 1633 in F. P. Verney et al. Mem. Verney Family Civil War (1892) I. 124 My hopes are that your religious care hath prevented these admonitions. 1668 J. Dryden Secret-love ii. v. 17 Your goodness still prevents my wishes. 1700 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 597 I am glad wee have prevented their Commands in doing it before they came. 1788 Disinterested Love I. 5 Thus he prevented all my wants. 1835 W. Wordsworth Russ. Fugitive i. v, in Yarrow Revisited 124 She led the Lady to a seat..Prevented each desire. 1850 F. E. Smedley Frank Fairlegh xliv. 385 It will be the study of my life to prevent your every wish——..‘Prevent’ means to forestall in that sense. 1878 A. Trollope Lady of Launay in Light I. 4 May 269 Bessy, who for so many years had prevented all her wishes. c. intransitive. To come, appear, or act before the expected time, or in anticipation of some event. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > occur earlier or go before [verb (intransitive)] precede?a1425 prevent1542 to go before1585 anticipate1588 1542 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) IX. 190 ThEmperour..fearing the comming of the Turques power this next yere, entendeth to prevente, and also to goo Hym self befor into Italie. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. 1 Macc. x. 4 Let us prevent to make peace with him, before he make with Alexander against us. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §403 Strawberries watered now and then..with water wherein hath been steeped Sheeps-dung..will prevent and come early. a. transitive. To come, arrive, or appear before; to precede; to outrun, outstrip. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > go in front of [verb (transitive)] foregoc900 precedec1475 preventa1500 fore-ride1570 fore-run1570 usher1599 huisher1606 the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake > outstrip to leave behinda1393 overgoc1425 preventa1500 outgo1530 out-trot1555 outstrip1567 stripa1592 outpacea1596 out-swift1606 to have (also get) the speed ofa1616 outstretcha1642 to give (a person or thing) the go-by1642 to gain bounds of1653 outrace1657 outspeed1661 to cast behind1681 distance1691 belag1721 repass1728 outfoot1740 outdistance1789 fore-reach1803 to have the foot of1832 to run away1843 slip1856 short-head1863 tine1871 forespeed1872 outrate1873 a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 146 (MED) I it am þat made all seintes and graunted grace..I preuentyd hem in blessinges of swetnes; I predestinate hem before worldes. 1538 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 138 I have..sent it vnto hym after the departure of the said Muriell, to thentent he myght prevente thambassadours poste and you have leasure to consulte and advise vpon the same. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. x. sig. F7v The Sunne..could neuer preuent him with earlinesse. a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 84 I went from Lions to Geneva where I found also my Fame had prevented my Cominge. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 8 To prove our Old stile before the New (which prevents our Computation by ten dayes..). a1766 F. Sheridan Concl. Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph (1770) V. 6 I am an early riser, yet my lord V——prevented me the next morning, for I found him in the parlour when I came down stairs. b. transitive. To outdo, surpass, excel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] overstyeOE overshinec1175 overgoc1225 passc1225 surmountc1369 forpassc1374 overmatcha1375 overpassa1382 to pass overa1393 overcomec1400 outpass?a1425 exceedc1425 precedec1425 superexcelc1429 transcendc1430 precel?a1439 outcut1447 overgrowc1475 to come over ——a1479 excel1493 overleapa1500 vanquish1533 outweigh1534 prevent1540 better1548 preferc1550 outgo1553 surpassa1555 exsuperate1559 cote1566 overtop1567 outrun1575 outstrip1579 outsail1580 overruna1586 pre-excel1587 outbid1589 outbrave1589 out-cote1589 top1590 outmatch1593 outvie1594 superate1595 surbravec1600 oversile1608 over-height1611 overstride1614 outdoa1616 outlustrea1616 outpeera1616 outstrikea1616 outrival1622 antecede1624 out-top1624 antecell1625 out-pitch1627 over-merit1629 outblazea1634 surmatch1636 overdoa1640 overact1643 outact1644 worst1646 overspana1657 outsoar1674 outdazzle1691 to cut down1713 ding1724 to cut out1738 cap1821 by-pass1848 overtower1850 pretergress1851 outray1876 outreach1879 cut1884 outperform1937 outrate1955 one-up1963 1540 R. Morison tr. J. L. Vives Introd. Wysedome (new ed.) I iv b Be not onely euen with them that honour the, but..preuente them whan thou mayste. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. ii. 26 Preuenting the Iewes, which were thought to be next vnto God. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 52 Had Vulcan and his Cyclopes beene working there, there noise had beene preuented. 1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. ii. viii. 270 To prevent and go beyond all the world in respect. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)] > meet with succour prevent1535 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack (of hostile agency) besetOE infighta1300 saila1300 seeka1300 visitc1340 beclipc1380 entainc1380 seizec1381 offendc1385 affectc1425 rehetea1450 take1483 attaintc1534 prevent1535 attach1541 attempt1546 affront1579 buffeta1593 to get at ——1650 assault1667 insult1697 to lay at1899 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xvii[i]. 18 They preuented me [R.V. came upon me; L. praevenerunt me] in the tyme of my trouble, but ye Lorde was my defence. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Job iii. 12 Why did the knees preuent me? and why did I sucke the breastes? 1611 Bible (King James) Amos ix. 10 All the sinners of my people shall die by the sword, which say: The euill shall not ouertake nor preuent vs [L. veniet super nos] . View more context for this quotation a. transitive. To occupy beforehand, prejudice (a person's mind). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > judge with prejudice [verb (transitive)] > cause prejudice in prevent1551 forestall?1571 bias1581 preoccupate1582 prejudicate1602 prejudice1610 pre-engage1646 prepossess1647 preoccupya1658 tamper1687 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Fv Whose myndes be all reddye preuented with cleane contrarye persuasyons. 1654 tr. M. Martini Bellum Tartaricum 56 Rather..[not to] accuse the least default in his Sovereign's judgement, though prevented, by very unjust impressions. 1698 A. Boyer & J. Savage tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont in T. Hearne Ductor Historicus I. ii. vi. 207 Without labouring to prevent the Minds of People by a studied excuse. 1718 J. Chamberlayne in tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher I. Ded. p. vi Endeavouring to prevent your Lordship in favour of my Author. 1731 J. Constable Refl. Accuracy Style 34 For though one may be prejudiced as much against, as in favour of an Author, yet, methinks, it is far more natural, to be prevented in favour of one who has the commendation of a surprizing novelty. b. transitive. To take possession of or occupy beforehand; (figurative) to employ before another person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > beforehand prevent1563 lurchc1565 preoccupate1586 anticipate1594 1563 R. Reynolds Foundacion of Rhetorike f. 31 Leonides the kynge hearde that the place and hill of the battel was preventid of xx. thousande enemies. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 104/2 in Chron. I Preuenting euery conuenient place where the barbarous people myghte lye in wayte to doe mischiefe. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 216/2 in Chron. I Thus lyke a worthie Prince and politike gouernour, he preuented eche way foorth to resist his enimies, and to sauegarde his subiects. II. To preclude, stop, or hinder. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. > specifically by previous action prevent1560 preclude1584 1442–3 in J. Raine Corr., Inventories, Acct. Rolls, & Law Proc. Priory of Coldingham (1841) 148 Als mykil as hym wes he preventit all ȝwr gift giffin to me. 1482 Monk of Evesham 46 Ye remembre how a certen..cytson of this place was hastly preuent of dethe and sodenly dyed. 1521 in H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge 2nd balade sig. s.iii With deth preuent, he myght nothyng replique. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Wisd. iv. 7 Thogh the righteous be preuented with death, yet shal he be in rest. 1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau v. iv. sig. F.iv Thy brother Iacob came to me by subtiltee, And brought me venison, and so preuented thee. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 128 The King was preuented by vntimely and sudden death before he could bring his purpose to effect. 1706 J. Potter Archæologia Græca (ed. 2) I. ii. xiv. 315 Unlucky Omens were,..Especially if the Beast prevented the Knife, and dy'd suddenly. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews ii. x, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 55 Moses prevented the enemies, and..led his army before those enemies were apprized. 1757 J. Dyer Fleece i. 35 With tar Prevent the wingy swarm and scorching heat. 9. a. transitive. To preclude the occurrence of (an anticipated event, state, etc.); to render (an intended, possible, or likely action or event) impractical or impossible by anticipatory action; to put a stop to.In early use a sense of anticipating or acting in advance is often prominent; later, the emphasis is usually on the sense of hindering, thwarting, or stopping. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] forbidc1000 forrunc1275 forbar1303 before-comec1384 withstanda1400 withholdc1400 prevenec1485 supprime1490 interrupt1497 resist?a1513 prevent1522 discourage1528 prohibit1531 stop1534 forleta1555 bar1559 to bar by and main1567 disbar1567 to cut off1576 embar1577 forestall1579 obvent1588 cancel1594 waylay1625 suppress1651 antevene1655 arceate1657 exarceate1657 interpel1722 stump1858 estop1876 plug1887 pre-empt1957 deter1961 1522 in Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1649) 127 To prevent ambiguities and quarrels, each Prince before May 1524, shall declare his pretences. 1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Præcidere causam belli, to preuent and take awaie cleane the occasion of warre. 1624 W. Laud Diary 13 Dec. in Hist. Troubles (1695) 14 He prevented his punishment by death. 1669 S. Sturmy Summary of Penalties & Forfeitures in Mariners Mag. n ij b If all concerned had..knowledge of what they should know, they might prevent this loss and damage. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. ii. v. 197 Persons may do a great deal themselves towards preventing the bad Consequences of their Follies. 1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. IV. 79 Some of the under actors, seized with fear or remorse, resolved to prevent the execution by a timely discovery. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) I. 489 To place the legal estate in trustees, on purpose to prevent dower. 1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 213 Should any thing occur..to prevent his return. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. viii. 84 He..had produced the very impression he had sought to prevent. 1936 H. A. L. Fisher Europe 181 By their control of the Western Isles and the Irish Sea a barrier was interposed between Ireland and Scotland, preventing migration. 1991 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Aug. 108/1 The idea is to prevent a crime, rather than wait for it to happen, by looking out for people who fit a suspicious ‘profile’. b. transitive. With clause as object. Usually with possessive and gerund, or with verbal noun; occasionally with that-clause. ΚΠ 1657 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia 45 in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) He built a house without his Camp for all strangers that arrived,..whereby he prevented their sneaking into his Camp. 1697 J. Vanbrugh Relapse iii. 54 I'll let you know enough to prevent any wise Woman's dying of the Pip. 1704 N. N. tr. T. Boccalini Advts. from Parnassus II. 174 All the Monarchies in the World..consult in a General Diet how to prevent being Oppress'd by'em. 1744 J. Philips Jrnl. Exped. Anson 179 He had provided a Netting-deck to prevent our boarding him. 1780 J. Barr in Orderly Bks. Fourth New York Regiment (1932) 230 The order Issued on the 29th of Last Month..to the officers to Prevent that the Inhabitants in the Vicinity of the Camp are absolutily a Pray to the Plundring and Licentious Sperit of the Soldierly [etc.]. 1818 Sporting Mag. (N.S.) 2 23 Spring held his opponent's hand..to prevent being weaved. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. vii. 154 I shall not prevent your going. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 135 What, forsooth, prevents That..I fulfill of her intents One she had the most at heart? 1933 Sun (Baltimore) 16 Aug. 4/2 The animals would be marketed..under a system of ‘stagger’ shipments to prevent swamping market and packing facilities. 1935 Discovery May 148/1 Two pairs of flannels were insufficient to prevent their [sc. mosquitoes'] drawing blood. 1995 Guardian 13 Dec. i. 7/1 EU free trade rules prevent their banning the export of calves to be reared in continental veal crates. 2002 J. Pottier Re-imagining Rwanda 1. 28 The population of the zone of Walikale has elected me to prevent that the zone be invaded by Tutsi. 10. transitive. To cut off beforehand, debar, or preclude (a person or other agent) from something; to deprive of a purpose, expectation, etc. Now rare. The sense with from is now usually expressed with a gerundial clause rather than a simple noun; see sense 14. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. warnc888 withseta1330 defendc1330 conclude1382 privea1387 retainc1415 refrain1442 prohibit1483 repel1483 stop1488 sever?1507 discourage1528 seclude?1531 prevent1533 foreclose1536 lock1560 stay1560 disallow1568 intercept1576 to put bya1586 crossa1616 stave1616 prevent1620 secure1623 stave1630 riot1777 tent1781 footer1813 to stop off1891 mozz1941 1533 tr. Erasmus Enchiridion Militis Christiani vi. sig. Eijv Jacob preuented him agayn of his fathers blessing [L. Iacob præripuit benedictionem]. 1549 H. Latimer 1st Serm. before Kynges Grace sig. Ciiiiv How did wycked Iesabell preuente kynge Hachabs herte from god and al godlines, and finally vnto destruction. 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 1st Pt. sig. E7v As the gods to end the Troyans toile, Preuented Turnus of Lauinia. 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον vi. 273 The Consull was prevented of his purpose. 1673 J. Dryden Assignation Ep. Ded. sig. A2 I have declar'd thus much before-hand, to prevent you from suspicion, that I intend to Interest either your judgment or your kindness. 1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sci. xv. i. 101 I should scarce regret Death so much on any worldly Account as preventing me of so desirable a Sight. 1813 L. Hunt in Examiner 15 Feb. 97/2 A wall prevents me from this sight. 1882 W. E. Forster Let. 23 Apr. in 19th Cent. Oct. (1888) 615 To prevent men from the fulfilment of their contracts, or in any way, by boycotting or otherwise, to intimidate them from the full enjoyment of their rights. 1923 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Aug. 541/2 His [sc. Cotton's] convivial wit prevents him from the highest aims in verse. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > thwart or foil false?c1225 confoundc1315 blenk?a1400 matea1400 interrupt1464 blench1485 fruster?a1513 frustrate?a1513 infatuate1533 disappoint1545 prevent1555 foila1564 blank1566 thwart1581 confute1589 dispurpose1607 shorten1608 foola1616 vain1628 balk1635 throwa1650 scotch1654 bafflea1674 crossbar1680 transverse1770 tomahawk1773 throttle1825 wreck1855 stultify1865 derail1889 to pull the plug1923 rank1924 1555 R. Braham in Lydgate's Auncient Hist. Warres betwixte Grecians & Troyans To Rdr. To preuent the malice of suche, as shal happlye accompte my trauayle herein rather rashe presumpcyon. 1616 Sir C. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 248 The putting off of the arraignments spent much money and prevented most men's expectations. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 4 Which if it had beene true, had preuented the Title of the Lady Elizabeth. a1652 R. Brome Queenes Exchange (1657) iv. i. sig. E 4/2 All our art, And the Kings policy will be prevented. 12. intransitive. To take or use preventative measures. Formerly frequently with clause of purpose. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (intransitive)] prevent1579 to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1768 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 171 Pericles nowe to preuent that the people should not be glutted with seeing him to ofte..reserued him selfe..for matters of great importaunce. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 303 Doth it not stand her in hand to preuent that the number of catholiks do not increase? a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 28 So Cæsar may; Then least he may, preuent . View more context for this quotation 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xiv. 25 It was impossible to prevent, but that a pair of shooes..should in process of time become torne. 1723 Pres. State Russia II. 122 The Design..was, to prevent that no body might be sent to meet me. 1987 ‘E. Peters’ Hermit of Eyton Forest (1988) v. 74 But they should not have him, not if Richard could prevent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade fleec1175 shunc1275 forgoc1305 passc1330 escapea1340 beglidea1350 voidc1380 shuntc1400 missa1522 evade1535 delude1536 to dally out1548 illude1553 prevent1598 outruna1616 to fail of1624 elude1634 subterfugea1643 shoot1685 shift1724 to get out of ——a1817 win by…1816 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. xciii. 168/1 The cloud came with a most horrible storme, and fell vppon them before they coulde preuent it. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 169 Th'hast not only lent Prudence to man, the Perils to preuent, Whearwith these foes threaten his feeble life. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 439 To conclude this Epitome of France, three things I wish the way-faring man to preuent there. ?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. i. 10 Fox..had the Wit to keep his own Fingers out of the Fire, and prevent the Honour of dying a Martyr. 1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 132 The surest Method to prevent good Sense, is to set up something in the room of it. 14. a. transitive. To stop, keep, or hinder (a person or thing) from doing something. Sometimes with from clause omitted. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. warnc888 withseta1330 defendc1330 conclude1382 privea1387 retainc1415 refrain1442 prohibit1483 repel1483 stop1488 sever?1507 discourage1528 seclude?1531 prevent1533 foreclose1536 lock1560 stay1560 disallow1568 intercept1576 to put bya1586 crossa1616 stave1616 prevent1620 secure1623 stave1630 riot1777 tent1781 footer1813 to stop off1891 mozz1941 1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. v. viii. f. 203 To preuent the like heauy doome from falling on her; she studied..how to change her hatred into kinde loue. 1663 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 480 If not prevented by raine [they] would have rode..before the corps [= corpse] up the street. 1711 J. Swift Conduct of Allies 44 So great a Number of Troops..as should be able to..prevent the Enemy from erecting their Magazines. 1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. xvii. 528 To conduct every circumstance so as to prevent the designs of Satan from taking effect. 1758 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 24 The intention is evidently this; by preventing private teachers within the walls of the city, to collect all the common lawyers into the one public university, which was newly instituted in the suburbs. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 33 Henry took due precautions to prevent the bull from getting into his dominions. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 352 There is nothing to prevent us from considering..the subject of law. 1940 Amer. Boy Feb. 4/2 He tried to speak but Harvey's measured words, like cold, dripping water, went on and prevented him. 1992 Economist 21 Nov. 77/2 After this victory, strikers picketed the newspaper's main building to prevent delivery trucks from leaving. b. transitive. With gerund but without from.The construction prevent me (you, etc.) going appears to be short for prevent me (you, etc.) from going, perhaps influenced by prevent my (your, etc.) going (see sense 9b) from which it is, in any case, indistinguishable (in the absence of a written apostrophe) when a plural noun precedes the gerund. This construction has sometimes been criticized as incorrect. ΚΠ 1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 16 They took..heretofore a very good method to prevent Sizars over-heating their Brains: Bed-making [etc.]. 1689 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 253 Any Expedient..for preventing ffurther heats arriseing vpon such occasions. 1718 J. Fox Wanderer 147 A free Confession..easily prevents a little Error growing to a great Evil. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 134 She had been prevented telling me her story. 1807 R. Southey Let. to N. Lightfoot 24 Apr. Circumstances have prevented me going to Portugal. 1867 J. Morley Burke 92 To prevent this becoming a serious affair. 1874 G. W. Dasent Half a Life II. 275 I know of no accident that ought to prevent you being in the first class. 1936 F. J. Camm Every Cyclist's Handbk. xvii. 108 The cyclist should..take great care to prevent oil entering the shell of a hub brake. 1995 Independent 20 Jan. 8/1 Carpal tunnel syndrome, a painful disorder of the hand, prevented him writing his own letters. Compounds prevent defence n. American Football a defensive strategy intended to prevent the completion of a long pass, esp. one in which an additional pass defender plays in the deep field; = prevent n. ΚΠ 1956 Los Angeles Times 29 July ii. 5/4 The Rams also have a ‘prevent defense’, used only when the opposition must throw panic passes. 1984 J. Lawton All Amer. War Game 139 A prevent defense is generally used in the final minutes of the half. 2003 N.Y. Times 3 Nov. d8/1 The score was 21-6 when the Cowboys went to a prevent defense, and the Redskins went 81 yards to score with 2 minutes 30 seconds remaining. prevent zone n. American Football a zone defence intended to prevent the completion of a long pass. ΚΠ 1984 Washington Post 23 Jan. c6/3 On this play, he was assigned man-to-man on Washington while the rest of the defense was in a prevent zone. 1988 L. Wilson Amer. Football 101/1 A prevent zone designed to stop the long bomb but at the expense of a shorter pass. 2003 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 22 Sept. e18 Boston found an open area in Baltimore's prevent zone and hauled in a 20-yard pass. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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