| 释义 |
preteriteadj.n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French preterit; Latin praeteritus. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French preterit, pretert (French prétérit , †preterit ; now only as a grammatical term) (noun) past tense (end of the 12th cent. in Old French), past time, the past (late 13th cent.), (adjective) bygone, past (early 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (in grammar) expressing past action or a past state (late 14th cent. or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin praeteritus past, bygone, former, expressing past action, use as adjective of past participle of praeterīre to go past < praeter- preter- prefix + īre to go (see exit v.1). Compare Old Occitan preterit (early 13th cent. as noun in grammar; early 14th cent. as noun in sense ‘past time’; 14th cent. as adjective), Catalan pretèrit (c1272 as adjective; 1560 as noun in grammar), Spanish pretérito (end of the 14th cent. as adjective; early 15th cent. as noun in grammar), Portuguese pretérito (15th cent.), Italian preterito (c1260 as adjective; also as noun). With use as noun compare classical Latin praeteritum (neuter, also praeterita, neuter plural) past time, the past, past tense.In sense A. 2, with preterite temps compare classical Latin praeteritum tempus (Quintilian); with preterite participle compare post-classical Latin praeteritum participium (5th cent.). In sense B. 3 after preterition n. The Older Scots form pret'red apparently arose by confusion with Older Scots past participles and past tense forms in -it . Compare the following early use of classical Latin praeteritum tempus and praeteritum , noun (both in sense B. 2) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 123 praesens tempvs ys andwerd tid: sto ic stande; praeteritvm tempus ys forðgewiten tid: steti ic stod.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 205 Sume word habbað gelice praesens, þæt is andweard, and praeteritvm: odi ic hatige and odi ic hatede. With preterite imperfect adj. and n. and preterite perfect adj. and n. at Compounds compare the following early use of post-classical Latin praeteritum imperfectum and praeteritum perfectum in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 124 Ac swa ðeah wise lareowas todældon þone praeteritvm tempvs, þæt is, ðone forðgewitenan timan, on þreo: on praeteritvm inperfectvm, þæt is unfulfremed forðgewiten, swilce þæt ðing beo ongunnen and ne beo fuldon: stabam ic stod. praeteritvm perfectvm ys forðgewiten fulfremed: steti ic stod fullice. praeteritvm plvsqvamperfectvm is forðgewiten mare, þonne fulfremed, forðan ðe hit wæs gefyrn gedon: steteram ic stod gefyrn.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 203 Ferio ic slea næfð nænne praeteritvm perfectvm, butan hit nime of oþrum worde ðæs ylcan andgites: percutio ic slea, percussi ic sloh. A. adj.the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective] 1340 (1866) 59 (MED) Þet byeþ vif manere of yelpinges: On is preterit, þe [read þet] is to zigge, of þinge ypased. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius v. pr. vi. 119 The science of hym..embraceth and considereth alle the infynit spaces of tymes preteritz [L. praeteriti; Fr. du temps preterit] and futures. 1490 W. Caxton tr. vi. 26 The swete mayntene and semblaunce of the sayd Sychee, her preteryte husbonde. c1500 W. Kennedy (Schipper) ii. 12 Þroch ignorance and foly youþ My preterit tyme I wald nevir spair. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in iii. f. ccclviiiv That is nothyng preterit ne passed there is nothyng future ne commyng, but al thynges togider in that place ben present euerlastyng. 1657 M. Hawke 25 Compare the store and cheapnesse of our present Commodities, with the Scarcenesse and dearnesse of the preterit times. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais xiii. 102 What is preterit, and gone. a1796 J. Macpherson (1805) II. 449 Memory, Officious recorder! brings to view The pleasing phantom of preterite joy. 1811 L.-M. Hawkins I. xxx. 266 To return to the preterite gala-days of Lady Luxmore. 1854 J. R. Lowell Cambr. 30 Years Ago in (1890) I. 52 You shall go back with me thirty years, which will bring you among things and persons as thoroughly preterite as Romulus or Numa. 1973 T. Pynchon i. 166 A thousand different molecules waited in the preterite dung. 1979 A. Hecht (1980) i. 31 Are these apparitions Of enemies or friends? Loved ones from whom I once withheld Kindnesses or amends On preterite occasions Now lost beyond repeal? the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > tense > [adjective] > past a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. in (Cambr. Mm.2.15) (1850) xv. 57 A participle of a present tens either preterit, of actif vois eithir passif, mai be resoluid into a verbe of the same tens. c1505–8 1 The pretert tyme of participil in ii maneris. 1530 J. Palsgrave 86 The participle preterit after the tenses of je ay remayneth for the most part unchanged. 1562 Bp. J. Pilkington 42 Al the prophets use to speake by the preterit temps. 1729 A. Pope (new ed.) iii. 337 (note) In the style of other Prophets, [he] hath used the future tense for the preterit. 1755 S. Johnson (1765) Gram. M ij The passive is formed by the addition of the participle preterite, to the different tenses of the verb to be. 1816 W. Scott III. ix. 194 ‘But,’ said Oldbuck, ‘I am shocked to hear you talk of him in the preterite tense.’ 1865 T. Carlyle V. xix. iii. 442 Friedrich finds that Loudon was there last night,—preterite tense, alas. 1928 H. Poutsma (ed. 2) I. i. i. 43 Should, as a modal verb, is a preterite conditional. 1993 38 93 Penny's discussion of the preterit endings of -er and -ir verbs pays no heed to Craddock. B. n.the world > time > relative time > the past > [noun] a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) 5011 She wepeth the tyme that she hath wasted, Compleynyng of the preterit [Fr. preterit]. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius v. pr. vi. 21 It..procedith fro preteritz [L. praeteritis; Fr. preteriz] into futures (that is to seyn, fro tyme passed into tyme comynge). 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in iii. f. cccliiiv Right as I haue sayd of present and of future tymes, the same sentence in sothnesse is of the preterit, yt is to say tyme passed. the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > tense > [noun] > past 1530 J. Palsgrave Introd. 37 The preterites and supines of suche verbes. 1669 J. Milton 18 The Preterit speaketh of the time past, and is distinguisht by three degrees: the Preterimperfect, the Preterperfect, and the Preterpluperfect. 1691 O. Walker 24 It signifies a thing done before the other preterits. 1714 T. Ruddiman 50 It is to be Noted that the Preterites and Supines..end commonly in avi and atum. a1800 S. Pegge (1814) at Snew Snew, the Preterit of snow. York. 1875 W. D. Whitney ii. 13 It is an era in his education when he first begins to employ preterits and plurals and their like. 1903 W. D. Howells xi. 65 We were (forgive the aoristic preterite; it is crueler for me than it is for you!) immensely, intensely, personal. 1992 J. Orešnik & F. Trobevšek-Drobnak in C. Blank I. 156 Here our working hypothesis predicts a greater probability of occurrence of the preterite in the sample of expanded tenses than in the sample of non-expanded tenses. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > reprobation > [noun] > person affected by 1864 May 533/2 The reprobates who are damned because they were always meant to be damned, and the preterites who are damned because they were never meant to be saved. 2006 www.adequacy.org 5 Dec. (O.E.D. Archive) Weren't the Elect who interbred with Preterites committing bestiality? Are they not therefore condemned to Hell? Compounds the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > tense > [adjective] > past > with specific aspect c1450 in D. Thomson (1984) 42 Of what party of the ‘Donet’ schall the participle endyng in -ens or -ans be formed? Of the furst person of the pretert inperfyt tens, indicatyf mode and singuler noumbre, as amabam. 1652 F. Lodowyck 7 The Past Tense is commonly distinguished in three parts; Preterit. imperfect, Perfect, Plus perfect. 1771 W. Jones 37 Preterite... Preterite imperfect... Compound Preterite... Preterpluperfect. 1845 1 235 I came preaching, nitemachtilihuallaya, huallaya being the preterite imperfect of the verb huallauh, to come. 1995 30 152 Page upon page of the conjugation of different categories of verbs in the present, preterite perfect, preterite imperfect, and future tenses. the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > tense > [adjective] > past > with specific aspect 1522 J. Vaus i. sig. bbijv Preteriti perfecti et plusque perfecti temporis..ane of the preterit perfect tyme, and preterit plusque perfect tyme. 1530 J. Palsgrave Introd. 42 The preterit parfyte tens of the infynityve mode. 1788 J. Beattie (new ed.) ii. iii. 226 The tense is called..the complete past, or the preterite perfect. 1924 H. E. Palmer 148 The Preterite Perfect is used: a) To express an action already completed before a moment or period expressed by an adverbial of past time. 1991 (Nexis) Nov. 658 Happily, some tenses, such as the imperfect subjunctive, preterite perfect, and pluperfect subjunctive, are relegated to ‘literary use’, so you can dismiss them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  adj.n.1340 |
