presuppositionn.

Brit.

/ˌpriːsʌpəˈzɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpriˌsəpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1500s– presupposition, 1700s praesupposition.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin presupposition-, presuppositio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin presupposition-, presuppositio (13th cent., c1365 in British sources) < praesupposit- , past participial stem of praesupponere presuppone v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French présupposition preliminary assumption (1306 in Old French as presupposition in an apparently isolated attestation in uncertain sense; subsequently from the 16th cent.), Spanish presuposición action of presupposing (first half of the 15th cent. or earlier as †presuposiçion ; also in sense ‘thing which is presupposed’; apparently rare before the 20th cent.), Italian presupposizione thing which is presupposed (14th cent.). Compare earlier presuppose v., supposition n.

1. The action or an act of presupposing something; the assumption of the existence or truth of something, as a preliminary to action, argument, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [noun]

presumptiona1250

presuppositiona1533

sumption1572

assuming1602

supposition1603

postulation1648

assumption1656

positing1854

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [noun] > instance of

presumptionc1390

presuppositiona1533

presupposal1573

sumption1656

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xxx. f. 50 To my iugement, these princis are not chosen, that they shulde eate more mete than all other,..but with presupposition, y^t they ought to knowe more than all other.

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 4 That cannot..be conceiued..otherwise than with a presupposition of a Democracie, out of which, as is related, a Monarchie might haue originall.

1629 J. Reynolds tr. L. de Marandé Iudgm. Humane Actions ii. iv. 44 All contrary presupposition hath no lesse authority one then the other, If reason make not the difference.

1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. v. 238 That which Suaver calls a priority of præsupposition.

?1781 T. Pentycross Serm. Speculative, Pract., & Exper. 192 But the foundation of such difficulty would not exist, except upon the presupposition of sins, guilts, neglects,..and a thousand other evils.

1859 D. Masson in Brit. Novelists & their Styles 181 We can conceive women conveying most easily through it [sc. prose fiction] those views and perceptions which, by presupposition, they were best qualified to contribute.

1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue viii. 322 The verb and adjective alike have their very nature based upon the pre-supposition of the substantive.

1929 W. U. Marshall Intelligible World ii. 50 It is in connection with the presupposition of a world, in this metaphysical sense, that all the distinctively philosophical ‘prejudices’ appear.

1961 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 6 July d16/7 If there ever was a subject where it would be wisdom to err on the side of suspicion and presupposition..this is it.

1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 99/1 The Kiparskys stated that presupposition obtains as equally in negation (and questioning) as in the positive counterparts of negation.

a. A thing which is presupposed, assumed beforehand, or taken for granted; an antecedent supposition; a preliminary assumption; an idea assumed as a basis of action, argument, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [noun] > that which is presumed

presupposal1573

presupposition1579

expectation1585

presuppose1592

positum1605

assumpsita1628

assumptiona1628

prolepsis1637

reception1646

hypothesis1655

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 495 As in a mathematicall proposition there were many great coniectures and presuppositions [Fr. presuppositions], & many long circumstances to bring it to conclusion.

1625 H. King Two Sermons 1 You must take along with you, some Praecognita, some presuppositions.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. ii. ii. 325 I will not now examine whether they certainly follow from their premises and presuppositions.

1753 J. Gambold tr. N. L. G. von Zinzendorf Peremtorisches Bedencken 42 They would be pleased to bear in Mind certain general Presuppositions, which we indeed often repeat.

1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers xxvii. 168 It seems to originate in a pre-supposition that the people will be disinclined to the exercise of federal authority in any matter of an internal nature.

1849 Times 18 Aug. 6/2 The construction put upon the treaty was founded on erroneous presuppositions.

1882 W. Wallace in Academy 1 Apr. 231/3 There are a few presuppositions still unanswered and apparently unanswerable by scientific methods.

1909 W. M. Urban Valuation iii. 72 How such presuppositions arise is..a problem of genetic psychology.

1956 Sc. Jrnl. Theol. 9 399 A dualistic schematisation points to a presupposition other than the relativism of merely human squabbles.

1982 A. S. Dale Outl. Sanity vii. 86 Both men shared certain ethical presuppositions about the universe.

2005 New Scientist (Nexis) 10 Sept. 48 Unfortunately, this theoretical framework is held together by two false presuppositions.

b. Linguistics. A fact or condition implied by a sentence and assumed to be understood by the addressee, but not stated explicitly.For example, a statement containing the phrase ‘my uncle’ would imply that the speaker has an uncle.

ΚΠ

1970 C. J. Fillmore in F. Kiefer Stud. in Syntax & Semantics 121 We may identify the presuppositions of a sentence as those conditions which must be satisfied before the sentence can be used in any of the functions..mentioned.

1976 F. R. Palmer Semantics viii. 147 It has been claimed..that what is presupposed can be identified by the fact that presuppositions are ‘preserved under negation’... Presupposition holds, it is argued, for a variety of types.

1989 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 502 The understanding of ‘sequence’, ‘events’ and ‘occur’ depends on a prior acceptance of certain temporal presuppositions which are deeply embedded in language.

1997 P. H. Matthews Conc. Oxf. Dict. Linguistics 294 In Generative Semantics the presuppositions of sentences were an important part of their semantic representations.

Compounds

presupposition-free adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [adjective] > free from presupposition

presuppositionless1871

presupposition-free1942

1942 D. D. Runes Dict. Philos. 190 If mathematics is to be in this sense presupposition-free, then there remains for it no other source than an intuition which presents mathematical concepts and inferences to us as immediately clear.

1996 Sociol. Theory 14 95 The idea that we work with a presupposition-free core of explanatory theories..is no longer persuasive.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	presupposition
释义	presuppositionn. Brit. /ˌpriːsʌpəˈzɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpriˌsəpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1500s– presupposition, 1700s praesupposition. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin presupposition-, presuppositio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin presupposition-, presuppositio (13th cent., c1365 in British sources) < praesupposit- , past participial stem of praesupponere presuppone v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French présupposition preliminary assumption (1306 in Old French as presupposition in an apparently isolated attestation in uncertain sense; subsequently from the 16th cent.), Spanish presuposición action of presupposing (first half of the 15th cent. or earlier as †presuposiçion ; also in sense ‘thing which is presupposed’; apparently rare before the 20th cent.), Italian presupposizione thing which is presupposed (14th cent.). Compare earlier presuppose v., supposition n. 1. The action or an act of presupposing something; the assumption of the existence or truth of something, as a preliminary to action, argument, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [noun] presumptiona1250 presuppositiona1533 sumption1572 assuming1602 supposition1603 postulation1648 assumption1656 positing1854 the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [noun] > instance of presumptionc1390 presuppositiona1533 presupposal1573 sumption1656 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) xxx. f. 50 To my iugement, these princis are not chosen, that they shulde eate more mete than all other,..but with presupposition, y^t they ought to knowe more than all other. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 4 That cannot..be conceiued..otherwise than with a presupposition of a Democracie, out of which, as is related, a Monarchie might haue originall. 1629 J. Reynolds tr. L. de Marandé Iudgm. Humane Actions ii. iv. 44 All contrary presupposition hath no lesse authority one then the other, If reason make not the difference. 1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. v. 238 That which Suaver calls a priority of præsupposition. ?1781 T. Pentycross Serm. Speculative, Pract., & Exper. 192 But the foundation of such difficulty would not exist, except upon the presupposition of sins, guilts, neglects,..and a thousand other evils. 1859 D. Masson in Brit. Novelists & their Styles 181 We can conceive women conveying most easily through it [sc. prose fiction] those views and perceptions which, by presupposition, they were best qualified to contribute. 1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue viii. 322 The verb and adjective alike have their very nature based upon the pre-supposition of the substantive. 1929 W. U. Marshall Intelligible World ii. 50 It is in connection with the presupposition of a world, in this metaphysical sense, that all the distinctively philosophical ‘prejudices’ appear. 1961 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 6 July d16/7 If there ever was a subject where it would be wisdom to err on the side of suspicion and presupposition..this is it. 1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 99/1 The Kiparskys stated that presupposition obtains as equally in negation (and questioning) as in the positive counterparts of negation. 2. a. A thing which is presupposed, assumed beforehand, or taken for granted; an antecedent supposition; a preliminary assumption; an idea assumed as a basis of action, argument, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [noun] > that which is presumed presupposal1573 presupposition1579 expectation1585 presuppose1592 positum1605 assumpsita1628 assumptiona1628 prolepsis1637 reception1646 hypothesis1655 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 495 As in a mathematicall proposition there were many great coniectures and presuppositions [Fr. presuppositions], & many long circumstances to bring it to conclusion. 1625 H. King Two Sermons 1 You must take along with you, some Praecognita, some presuppositions. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. ii. ii. 325 I will not now examine whether they certainly follow from their premises and presuppositions. 1753 J. Gambold tr. N. L. G. von Zinzendorf Peremtorisches Bedencken 42 They would be pleased to bear in Mind certain general Presuppositions, which we indeed often repeat. 1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers xxvii. 168 It seems to originate in a pre-supposition that the people will be disinclined to the exercise of federal authority in any matter of an internal nature. 1849 Times 18 Aug. 6/2 The construction put upon the treaty was founded on erroneous presuppositions. 1882 W. Wallace in Academy 1 Apr. 231/3 There are a few presuppositions still unanswered and apparently unanswerable by scientific methods. 1909 W. M. Urban Valuation iii. 72 How such presuppositions arise is..a problem of genetic psychology. 1956 Sc. Jrnl. Theol. 9 399 A dualistic schematisation points to a presupposition other than the relativism of merely human squabbles. 1982 A. S. Dale Outl. Sanity vii. 86 Both men shared certain ethical presuppositions about the universe. 2005 New Scientist (Nexis) 10 Sept. 48 Unfortunately, this theoretical framework is held together by two false presuppositions. b. Linguistics. A fact or condition implied by a sentence and assumed to be understood by the addressee, but not stated explicitly.For example, a statement containing the phrase ‘my uncle’ would imply that the speaker has an uncle. ΚΠ 1970 C. J. Fillmore in F. Kiefer Stud. in Syntax & Semantics 121 We may identify the presuppositions of a sentence as those conditions which must be satisfied before the sentence can be used in any of the functions..mentioned. 1976 F. R. Palmer Semantics viii. 147 It has been claimed..that what is presupposed can be identified by the fact that presuppositions are ‘preserved under negation’... Presupposition holds, it is argued, for a variety of types. 1989 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 502 The understanding of ‘sequence’, ‘events’ and ‘occur’ depends on a prior acceptance of certain temporal presuppositions which are deeply embedded in language. 1997 P. H. Matthews Conc. Oxf. Dict. Linguistics 294 In Generative Semantics the presuppositions of sentences were an important part of their semantic representations. Compounds presupposition-free adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [adjective] > free from presupposition presuppositionless1871 presupposition-free1942 1942 D. D. Runes Dict. Philos. 190 If mathematics is to be in this sense presupposition-free, then there remains for it no other source than an intuition which presents mathematical concepts and inferences to us as immediately clear. 1996 Sociol. Theory 14 95 The idea that we work with a presupposition-free core of explanatory theories..is no longer persuasive. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1533
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