prolongationn.

Brit.

/ˌprəʊlɒŋˈɡeɪʃn/,

/ˌprɒlɒŋˈɡeɪʃn/, U.S.

/proʊˌlɔŋˈ(ɡ)eɪʃ(ə)n/,

/prəˌlɔŋˈ(ɡ)eɪʃ(ə)n/,

/proʊˌlɑŋˈ(ɡ)eɪʃ(ə)n/,

/prəˌlɑŋˈ(ɡ)eɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English prolongacioun, late Middle English–1500s prolongacion, 1500s prolongacione, 1500s prolongacyone, 1500s prolonggation, 1500s– prolongation; Scottish pre-1700 prolongacioune, pre-1700 prolongatione, 1700s– prolongation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prolongacion, prolongation; Latin prolongation-, prolongatio.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman prolongacione and Middle French prolongacion, prolongation (French prolongation ) lengthening or extension in time (c1265 in Old French), linear extension in space (1314; rare in this sense), deferment, postponement (a1399 or earlier in Anglo-Norman) and its etymon post-classical Latin prolongation-, prolongatio lengthening or extension in time, removal, absence, distance (4th or 5th cent.), postponement, delay (from early 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < prolongat- , past participial stem of prolongare prolong v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹; compare -ation suffix. Compare Italian prolungazione (a1375; rare). Compare later prolongate v.

a. Linear extension in space; increase of length. Also: an instance of this; an addition which increases the length of something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer

prolongation?a1425

lengthingc1480

longation1598

extendure1610

production1658

elongation1676

lengthening1748

extension1796

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer > that by which length is increased

allongation1666

prolongation1802

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Hunterian) f. 65 (MED) Þer ben þre vtilites off þe prolongacioun and þe involucioun of þe guttes.

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 39 (MED) In þe inuolicioun & prolongacioun of þis gutt, þou schalt fynden þre propirtees.

1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. iii. 67 The Lignous Body..being nothing else but the prolongation of the Inner Body.

1731 T. Dale tr. N. Regnault Philos. Conversat. II. xiv. 271 The Dimensions of the Mouth are always proportioned to the Notes formed in the Glottis, low Notes being constantly accompanied with a Prolongation..of its Cavity.

1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 439 The old town of Damietta, anciently situated near the sea, is now by the prolongation of the land, 2 leagues from it.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. viii. 123 Two remarkable processes or prolongations of the bones of the leg.

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1021/2 Prolongatio, a lengthening; applied to any extended object, as the medullary prolongation of the nerves.

1894 R. L. Stevenson Pacific Capitals 149 The indefinite prolongation of its streets, up hill and down dale, makes San Francisco a place apart.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xvii. 461 A reproductive hormone..induces in the mature male salmon a prolongation of the snout and lower jaw.

1999 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 11 May 10 An organ chamber has been provided on the north side of the chancel, forming a prolongation of the north aisle.

†b. In plural. humorous. Trousers. Cf. continuation n. 10. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > types of > other

whites1582

trouse1612

pantaloon1661

trousers1676

sherryvallies1778

Wellington trousers1809

panties1845

prolongations1849

pettiloons1851

overtrousers1852

churidar1880

continuation1883

high water1898

sponge bag trousers1900

sponge bag1911

pettibockers1917

hip-hugger1939

pink1942

suntan1943

samfu trousers1955

hipsters1958

low riders1966

Mao trousers1967

bumsters1993

1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. II. 230 Blue, dungaree trowsers were substituted for white prolongations.

2. Lengthening in time; the extension of the duration of something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time > lengthening in duration or prolonging

continuancec1374

prorogationc1400

prolongation?a1425

training1440

lengthingc1480

enlonging1509

prolonging1528

protraction1535

protract of time1536

productionc1540

trait1545

lengthening1574

continuation1587

prolongment1593

conserving1610

extensiona1631

wire-drawing1640

continuing1643

spinning1644

permansion1646

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 41 (MED) Signez of colleccioun [of quinsy] beþ liȝtnez & prolongacioun, i. lengthyng, ou[e]r þe 4a. day.

c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 196 (MED) Lette þi stabylnes be in prolongacion of prosperyte and vertuus lyfe.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) v. 25 Oure cupidite constrenȝeis vs to desire prolongatione of oure dais.

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xli. f. 122 I doe not desire prolongacion of my miserable life.

1633 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 165 Prolongation [of life] is no pleasure, but so long as it goes well with vs.

1682 London Mercury 15–18 Aug. 2/2 The Earl..hath obtained a Prolongation of the Truce for Five Years.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xi. 256 This prolongation of our cruise was a very prudent measure.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 541 The first general mortgage or fund, consisting of a prolongation to the first of August, 1706, of several different taxes, which would have expired within a shorter term.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. viii. 367 The escape of Apa Saheb occasioned the prolongation of military operations.

1862 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iv. 109 The advancement of knowledge..tends to the prolongation of the average duration of human life.

1954 C. S. Lewis Eng. Lit. in 16th Cent. 7 The prolongation of a movement whose impulse was derived from the medieval past.

1989 A. Storr Freud iii. 28 Many common human problems can justifiably be related to the prolongation of immaturity and dependence on parents.

†3. Extension of a period of time in order to defer action; delay, postponement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun]

longingeOE

bideOE

abodec1225

bodea1300

demura1300

dwella1300

litinga1300

delayc1300

delayingc1300

demurrancec1300

but honec1325

without ensoignec1325

abidec1330

dretchingc1330

dwellingc1330

essoinc1330

tarrying1340

litea1350

delaymenta1393

respitea1393

oversettinga1398

delayancea1400

delitea1400

lingeringa1400

stounding?a1400

sunyiea1400

targea1400

train?a1400

deferring14..

dilation14..

dayc1405

prolongingc1425

spacec1430

adjourningc1436

retardationc1437

prolongation?a1439

training1440

adjournment1445

sleuthingc1450

tarry1451

tarriance1460

prorogation1476

oversetc1485

tarriage1488

debaid1489

supersedement1492

superseding1494

off-putting1496

postponing1496

tract1503

dilating1509

sparinga1513

hafting1519

sufferance1523

tracking1524

sticking1525

stay1530

pause1532

protraction1535

tracting1535

protract of time1536

protracting1540

postposition1546

staying1546

procrastination1548

difference1559

surceasing1560

tardation1568

detract1570

detracting1572

tarryment1575

rejourning1578

detraction1579

longness1579

rejournment1579

holding1581

reprieving1583

cunctation1585

retarding1585

retardance1586

temporizing1587

by and by1591

suspensea1592

procrastinatinga1594

tardance1595

linger1597

forslacking1600

morrowing1602

recess1603

deferment1612

attendance1614

put-off1623

adjournal1627

fristing1637

hanging-up1638

retardment1640

dilatoriness1642

suspension1645

stickagea1647

tardidation1647

transtemporation1651

demurragea1656

prolatation1656

prolation1656

moration1658

perendination1658

offput1730

retardure1751

postponement1757

retard1781

traverse1799

tarrowing1832

mañana1845

temporization1888

procrastinativeness1893

deferral1895

traa dy liooar1897

stalling1927

heel-tapping1949

off-put1970

society > trade and finance > payment > payment of debt > [noun] > appointment of term for payment > postponement of payment

prolongation1552

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 179 (MED) Samuel made no prolongacioun But shadde the hooli sacred vnccioun.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxiii. 85 Attones wythoute prolongacion ne taryeng.

1552 T. Gresham in J. W. Burgon Life & Times Sir T. Gresham (1839) I. ii. App. C 146 I offeryd them a bargayne..for the prolongacione of xxv m li. and to have taken v m li. in fustians.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 470 That they shall not require (without iust cause) any time of prolongation.

1793 W. Carmichael & W. Short Let. 6 June in J. Catanzariti Papers T. Jefferson (1995) XXVI. 207 The present system of prolongation [in negotiations with Spain]..does not proceed from a desire to exercise our own will—but to leave time for being more unquestionably informed of that of the President.

4. The lengthening of a syllable, note, or other sound; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > unit of duration of speech sound > lengthening or shortening

lengthening1574

prolongation1589

protraction1671

contraction1706

correption1871

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 86 The licence of the Greeks and Latines, who made not their sharpe accent any necessary prolongation of their times, but vsed such sillable sometimes long sometimes short at their pleasure.

1749 A. Hill Gideon (rev. ed.) 55 It was a Custom to give drawling Prolongation to their Syllables, and open all the Diphthongs.

1798 J. Walker Key to Classical Pronunc. 147 The long quantity of the ancients must arise..from a prolongation of the sound of the vowel.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. x. 181 ‘Wh—ew!’ whistled the lawyer, with a long prolongation of the note.

1877 F. Sibson in J. R. Reynolds Syst. Med. IV. 473 Prolongation of the first sound is the absence of silence and the presence of the wavering.., feeble sound during the interval between the first and second sounds.

1900 H. W. Smyth Greek Melic Poets 389 A feature of great importance, [which] points..to an extensive use of the principle of prolongation (τονή).

1949 S. J. Youree Watson in N. S. J. Weyand Immortal Diamond x. 322 The second ‘beat’ of syllables marked ‘2’ is really a pause before going on, rather than a prolongation of the sound.

1994 Times (Nexis) 19 Feb. The Fermata refers to the musical notation which looks like half a breast and indicates the unspecified prolongation of a note.

5. Extension of scope or range; continuation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [noun] > immaterial or incorporeal thing > scope or range of > continuous stretch of

reach1827

prolongation1848

1848 R. I. Wilberforce Doctr. Incarnation v. 157 The ascending line of Christian truth was only the prolongation of that first principle of the Gospel, that Christ was perfect God and perfect man.

1880 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 13 Feb. The principal legislative measures announced in the speech are bills for..new military law, prolongation of law against socialists, [etc.].

1907 Athenæum 19 Jan. 70/3 After the prolongation of similar stuff to the point of satiety, the book abruptly ends.

1990 Times (Nexis) 10 Sept. Doing the big Romantic works so soon after joining the Concertgebouw is just a prolongation of experience for me.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	prolongation
释义	prolongationn. Brit. /ˌprəʊlɒŋˈɡeɪʃn/, /ˌprɒlɒŋˈɡeɪʃn/, U.S. /proʊˌlɔŋˈ(ɡ)eɪʃ(ə)n/, /prəˌlɔŋˈ(ɡ)eɪʃ(ə)n/, /proʊˌlɑŋˈ(ɡ)eɪʃ(ə)n/, /prəˌlɑŋˈ(ɡ)eɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English prolongacioun, late Middle English–1500s prolongacion, 1500s prolongacione, 1500s prolongacyone, 1500s prolonggation, 1500s– prolongation; Scottish pre-1700 prolongacioune, pre-1700 prolongatione, 1700s– prolongation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prolongacion, prolongation; Latin prolongation-, prolongatio. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman prolongacione and Middle French prolongacion, prolongation (French prolongation ) lengthening or extension in time (c1265 in Old French), linear extension in space (1314; rare in this sense), deferment, postponement (a1399 or earlier in Anglo-Norman) and its etymon post-classical Latin prolongation-, prolongatio lengthening or extension in time, removal, absence, distance (4th or 5th cent.), postponement, delay (from early 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < prolongat- , past participial stem of prolongare prolong v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹; compare -ation suffix. Compare Italian prolungazione (a1375; rare). Compare later prolongate v. 1. a. Linear extension in space; increase of length. Also: an instance of this; an addition which increases the length of something. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer prolongation?a1425 lengthingc1480 longation1598 extendure1610 production1658 elongation1676 lengthening1748 extension1796 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer > that by which length is increased allongation1666 prolongation1802 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Hunterian) f. 65 (MED) Þer ben þre vtilites off þe prolongacioun and þe involucioun of þe guttes. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 39 (MED) In þe inuolicioun & prolongacioun of þis gutt, þou schalt fynden þre propirtees. 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. iii. 67 The Lignous Body..being nothing else but the prolongation of the Inner Body. 1731 T. Dale tr. N. Regnault Philos. Conversat. II. xiv. 271 The Dimensions of the Mouth are always proportioned to the Notes formed in the Glottis, low Notes being constantly accompanied with a Prolongation..of its Cavity. 1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 439 The old town of Damietta, anciently situated near the sea, is now by the prolongation of the land, 2 leagues from it. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. viii. 123 Two remarkable processes or prolongations of the bones of the leg. 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1021/2 Prolongatio, a lengthening; applied to any extended object, as the medullary prolongation of the nerves. 1894 R. L. Stevenson Pacific Capitals 149 The indefinite prolongation of its streets, up hill and down dale, makes San Francisco a place apart. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xvii. 461 A reproductive hormone..induces in the mature male salmon a prolongation of the snout and lower jaw. 1999 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 11 May 10 An organ chamber has been provided on the north side of the chancel, forming a prolongation of the north aisle. †b. In plural. humorous. Trousers. Cf. continuation n. 10. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > types of > other whites1582 trouse1612 pantaloon1661 trousers1676 sherryvallies1778 Wellington trousers1809 panties1845 prolongations1849 pettiloons1851 overtrousers1852 churidar1880 continuation1883 high water1898 sponge bag trousers1900 sponge bag1911 pettibockers1917 hip-hugger1939 pink1942 suntan1943 samfu trousers1955 hipsters1958 low riders1966 Mao trousers1967 bumsters1993 1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. II. 230 Blue, dungaree trowsers were substituted for white prolongations. 2. Lengthening in time; the extension of the duration of something. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time > lengthening in duration or prolonging continuancec1374 prorogationc1400 prolongation?a1425 training1440 lengthingc1480 enlonging1509 prolonging1528 protraction1535 protract of time1536 productionc1540 trait1545 lengthening1574 continuation1587 prolongment1593 conserving1610 extensiona1631 wire-drawing1640 continuing1643 spinning1644 permansion1646 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 41 (MED) Signez of colleccioun [of quinsy] beþ liȝtnez & prolongacioun, i. lengthyng, ou[e]r þe 4a. day. c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 196 (MED) Lette þi stabylnes be in prolongacion of prosperyte and vertuus lyfe. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) v. 25 Oure cupidite constrenȝeis vs to desire prolongatione of oure dais. 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xli. f. 122 I doe not desire prolongacion of my miserable life. 1633 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 165 Prolongation [of life] is no pleasure, but so long as it goes well with vs. 1682 London Mercury 15–18 Aug. 2/2 The Earl..hath obtained a Prolongation of the Truce for Five Years. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xi. 256 This prolongation of our cruise was a very prudent measure. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 541 The first general mortgage or fund, consisting of a prolongation to the first of August, 1706, of several different taxes, which would have expired within a shorter term. View more context for this quotation 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. viii. 367 The escape of Apa Saheb occasioned the prolongation of military operations. 1862 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iv. 109 The advancement of knowledge..tends to the prolongation of the average duration of human life. 1954 C. S. Lewis Eng. Lit. in 16th Cent. 7 The prolongation of a movement whose impulse was derived from the medieval past. 1989 A. Storr Freud iii. 28 Many common human problems can justifiably be related to the prolongation of immaturity and dependence on parents. †3. Extension of a period of time in order to defer action; delay, postponement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun] longingeOE bideOE abodec1225 bodea1300 demura1300 dwella1300 litinga1300 delayc1300 delayingc1300 demurrancec1300 but honec1325 without ensoignec1325 abidec1330 dretchingc1330 dwellingc1330 essoinc1330 tarrying1340 litea1350 delaymenta1393 respitea1393 oversettinga1398 delayancea1400 delitea1400 lingeringa1400 stounding?a1400 sunyiea1400 targea1400 train?a1400 deferring14.. dilation14.. dayc1405 prolongingc1425 spacec1430 adjourningc1436 retardationc1437 prolongation?a1439 training1440 adjournment1445 sleuthingc1450 tarry1451 tarriance1460 prorogation1476 oversetc1485 tarriage1488 debaid1489 supersedement1492 superseding1494 off-putting1496 postponing1496 tract1503 dilating1509 sparinga1513 hafting1519 sufferance1523 tracking1524 sticking1525 stay1530 pause1532 protraction1535 tracting1535 protract of time1536 protracting1540 postposition1546 staying1546 procrastination1548 difference1559 surceasing1560 tardation1568 detract1570 detracting1572 tarryment1575 rejourning1578 detraction1579 longness1579 rejournment1579 holding1581 reprieving1583 cunctation1585 retarding1585 retardance1586 temporizing1587 by and by1591 suspensea1592 procrastinatinga1594 tardance1595 linger1597 forslacking1600 morrowing1602 recess1603 deferment1612 attendance1614 put-off1623 adjournal1627 fristing1637 hanging-up1638 retardment1640 dilatoriness1642 suspension1645 stickagea1647 tardidation1647 transtemporation1651 demurragea1656 prolatation1656 prolation1656 moration1658 perendination1658 offput1730 retardure1751 postponement1757 retard1781 traverse1799 tarrowing1832 mañana1845 temporization1888 procrastinativeness1893 deferral1895 traa dy liooar1897 stalling1927 heel-tapping1949 off-put1970 society > trade and finance > payment > payment of debt > [noun] > appointment of term for payment > postponement of payment prolongation1552 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 179 (MED) Samuel made no prolongacioun But shadde the hooli sacred vnccioun. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxiii. 85 Attones wythoute prolongacion ne taryeng. 1552 T. Gresham in J. W. Burgon Life & Times Sir T. Gresham (1839) I. ii. App. C 146 I offeryd them a bargayne..for the prolongacione of xxv m li. and to have taken v m li. in fustians. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 470 That they shall not require (without iust cause) any time of prolongation. 1793 W. Carmichael & W. Short Let. 6 June in J. Catanzariti Papers T. Jefferson (1995) XXVI. 207 The present system of prolongation [in negotiations with Spain]..does not proceed from a desire to exercise our own will—but to leave time for being more unquestionably informed of that of the President. 4. The lengthening of a syllable, note, or other sound; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > unit of duration of speech sound > lengthening or shortening lengthening1574 prolongation1589 protraction1671 contraction1706 correption1871 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 86 The licence of the Greeks and Latines, who made not their sharpe accent any necessary prolongation of their times, but vsed such sillable sometimes long sometimes short at their pleasure. 1749 A. Hill Gideon (rev. ed.) 55 It was a Custom to give drawling Prolongation to their Syllables, and open all the Diphthongs. 1798 J. Walker Key to Classical Pronunc. 147 The long quantity of the ancients must arise..from a prolongation of the sound of the vowel. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. x. 181 ‘Wh—ew!’ whistled the lawyer, with a long prolongation of the note. 1877 F. Sibson in J. R. Reynolds Syst. Med. IV. 473 Prolongation of the first sound is the absence of silence and the presence of the wavering.., feeble sound during the interval between the first and second sounds. 1900 H. W. Smyth Greek Melic Poets 389 A feature of great importance, [which] points..to an extensive use of the principle of prolongation (τονή). 1949 S. J. Youree Watson in N. S. J. Weyand Immortal Diamond x. 322 The second ‘beat’ of syllables marked ‘2’ is really a pause before going on, rather than a prolongation of the sound. 1994 Times (Nexis) 19 Feb. The Fermata refers to the musical notation which looks like half a breast and indicates the unspecified prolongation of a note. 5. Extension of scope or range; continuation. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [noun] > immaterial or incorporeal thing > scope or range of > continuous stretch of reach1827 prolongation1848 1848 R. I. Wilberforce Doctr. Incarnation v. 157 The ascending line of Christian truth was only the prolongation of that first principle of the Gospel, that Christ was perfect God and perfect man. 1880 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 13 Feb. The principal legislative measures announced in the speech are bills for..new military law, prolongation of law against socialists, [etc.]. 1907 Athenæum 19 Jan. 70/3 After the prolongation of similar stuff to the point of satiety, the book abruptly ends. 1990 Times (Nexis) 10 Sept. Doing the big Romantic works so soon after joining the Concertgebouw is just a prolongation of experience for me. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
随便看	avalanched avalanchelike avalanches avalanchetheory avalanchine avalanching avalanchy avale avaling avalite avancers avania avanious avant avant- avant-brace avant-courier avant-couriers avant-darter avant-fossé avant-garde avant-gardism avant-gardist avant-lay avant-mure