primingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈprʌɪmɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpraɪmɪŋ/

Forms: late Middle English primyng, 1500s priminge, 1500s prymyng, 1500s– priming, 1800s– primin (English regional (Northumberland)), 1900s– primin'; Scottish pre-1700 prymeing, 1700s– priming.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: prime v.², -ing suffix¹; Latin prīmus , -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: Either < prime v.² (although this is first attested later) + -ing suffix¹, or independently < classical Latin prīmus first (see prime adj.) + -ing suffix¹: see further discussion at prime v.²

I. The action of prime v.²

1. The coating of wood, canvas, metal, etc., with primer, in preparation for painting.In quot. 1426-7 perhaps: the fabrication or repair of something.

ΚΠ

1426–7 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 67 (MED) Also, for primyng of þe haly water stop, viij d.

1561–2 in R. Adam Edinb. Rec. (1899) II. 159 Item to Adame Purves, wrycht, for making of this brandreth, prymeing and rasing of the haill rufe and [etc.].

1676 C. Hatton in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 139 Y^e priming of y^e cloath is very good.

a1677 T. Manton Serm. Mark x in 150 Serm. (1693) 330 It [sc. moral virtue] is some advantage to Grace; it is like the Priming the Post, that maketh it receptive of better Colours.

1737 C. Leadbetter Mechanick Dialling xxvi. 176 It [sc. Spanish Brown] is of itself of a Horse-flesh Colour, and (besides its Usefulness in priming), it is a natural shadow for Vermillion.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 410 Ruddle, or a red earth..used as a ground colour for priming, instead of Spanish brown.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 641 There can be no better mode adopted for priming, or laying on the first coat on stucco.

1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 97 Priming has also the advantage of preventing the knots from being seen through the paint.

1903 P. N. Hasluck House Decoration viii. 117 Priming must be done before stopping the work... When dry, the work is rubbed down..and all nail-holes are stopped with putty.

1944 J. B. Parry in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder viii. 286/2 Only surface glass-papering is necessary to make the work ready for priming.

2005 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 9 Dec. c3 To finish the wainscot, plan to sand it lightly before priming and applying two coats of paint.

a. The placing of gunpowder in the pan of a firearm; (hence gen.) the preparation of a gun for firing. Also figurative and in extended use.

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society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > loading, etc.

charging1569

priming1578

loading1663

reloading1751

capping1847

breech-loading1866

1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 262 The peece went of, without any more prymyng or touche.

1629 F. Malthus Treat. Artific. Fire-works v. 21 For the priming of these arrowes, dip cotten weeke into gunpowder, wet with water, but let the cotton be wel dried again before it be applied to the arrow head.

1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §58 To make a Pistol discharge a dozen times with one loading, and without so much as once new Priming requisite.

1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer ii.i. 23 This was but a shallow artifice, unworthy of my Matchiavilian Aunt: There must be more behind, this is but the first flash, the priming of her Engine.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Powder-flasks, in artillery, are most commonly made of horn, of any convenient size and figure, to carry powder for priming of cannon.

1795 tr. Flareau Ocean Spectre v. i. 61 Drinking is somehow like the priming of a gun.

1816 Sporting Mag. 48 174 Any of the compounds or matters to be used in priming.

1849 A. H. Layard Nineveh & Remains I. i. x. 363 This..led to the drawing of sabres and priming of matchlocks.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 874/2 The mechanism of the flint-lock musket, in which the pan was covered by the furrowed steel struck by the flint, rendered this method of priming unnecessary.

1966 ‘M. Hunter’ Ghosts of Glencoe xiii. 149 My hands shook over the priming and I cursed both my guards and my own lassitude in the past two weeks.

1990 Guns & Ammo 112/2 Whether you're loading a longarm or a handgun, the capping of a percussion or the priming of a flintlock should be the last step.

b. figurative. A drink of alcohol as a preparation for something; the drinking of alcohol for the purpose of motivation. Now rare.

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1764 K. O'Hara Midas iii. 53 I always chuck a priming at the tap, or A cogue of Nantzy, just to oil my clapper.

1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (Dublin ed.) III. xv. 104 Do..saunter here a few Minutes; while, in order to open the Hearts of your Guests, I go and give them a Priming before Dinner.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xvi. 273 ‘Well, Mr. Simple, so I will; but I require a little priming, or I shall never go off.’ ‘Will you have your glass of grog before or after?’ ‘Before, by all means.’

1942 F. Clune Last of Austral. Explorers 133 After..a priming of ‘Squareface’ (gin) the tourists farewelled their navvy friends.

3. Engineering. The passage of water in the form of spray into the cylinder of an engine boiler, along with the steam.

ΚΠ

1832 Edinb. Rev. 56 139 The steam..is charged with water suspended in it in minute subdivision—an effect called by engineers priming.

1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. i. 17 Salt water is sometimes mixed with it [sc. distilled water] from the priming of the boilers.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xxii. 612 Most of the methods of softening..result in the formation of sodium sulphate, sodium chloride and similar soluble salts. These are often considered to cause priming and foaming.

2000 P. W. B. Semmens & A. J. Goldfinch How Steam Locomotives really Work i. 16 It is possible for ‘priming’ to occur, when the sudden evolution of steam forms so many bubbles that liquid is carried over into the cylinders.

4. Preparation or equipping for a particular purpose or task.

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society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > cramming

cramming1819

cram1828

priming1832

1832 T. J. Serle Merchant of London iii. ii. 68 Bloodmore 'Twill cost some twenty more—risk is run there, too. Edward I'll pay it. Bloodmore One half down by way of priming.

1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel II. xi. 219 Tom..also received his priming.

1894 E. C. Selwyn in Westm. Gaz. 23 July 2/3 He was primed for the occasion, and such priming deserves the name of pot-hunting.

1926 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Republican 16 Aug. 6/ Burt mustn't get it into his head that they are not doing some priming at Urbana for the event.

1954 Bennington (Vermont) Evening Banner 5 Mar. 7/5 With a little priming..perhaps Hugh will fall victim to some other student of the dictionary in the next battle of the alphabet.

1995 B. Bryson Notes from Small Island (1996) xxii. 276 With a little priming and a thoughtful long-term plan, I am sure you could attract the sort of people who would want to open bookshops, little restaurants, [etc.].

a. The preparation of a pump for operation by pouring liquid into it, e.g. to make the piston airtight or to expel air.

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the world > matter > liquid > action or process of extracting > [noun] > by means of a siphon > action of beginning siphon flow

priming1856

1856 Sci. Amer. 25 Oct. 50/1 We claim, first, the employment of the priming reservoir, U,..which is connected to the pump, T, and fills it with water.

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 266 Priming,..(2) the priming of a force pump is the expulsion of the air from the water space, in order that the water shall enter into the partial vacuum thus produced... (3) The fetching of a lift pump by pouring liquid into the bucket in order to produce sufficient vacuum to enable it to draw.

1969 W. T. Ingram et al. Gloss. Water & Wastewater Control Engin. 247 Priming,..the action of starting the flow in a pump or siphon.

1990 A. Maidment I remember, I Remember (BNC) 113 In front of the pump was a tub, in reality half of an old beer barrel. This was kept filled to provide the can of water needed for priming.

1996 Brew your Own July 15/1 The only compounds you want for priming are the wort fermentables, and these do not precipitate (clump and sink) during boiling.

b. Aeronautics and Engineering. The injection of fuel into the cylinder or carburettor of an internal combustion engine, esp. that of an aircraft, to facilitate starting.Recorded earliest in priming pump n. at Compounds 2.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > fuel injector > injection of fluid

injection1842

fuel injection1900

priming1911

direct injection1935

petrol injection1940

1911 Daily Rev. (Decatur, Illinois) 8 Jan. A priming pump on the dash board, which does away with the filling of the valves in cold weather.

1927 V. W. Pagé Mod. Aircraft (1928) xiv. 571 Prime engine by injecting a small quantity..of gasoline through each priming cock.

1928 A. L. Dyke Aircraft Engine Instructor 217 The idling system also contains an air bleed which serves the..purpose of..contributing to the operation of the priming device.

1931 M. M. Farleigh Princ. & Probl. Aircraft Engines x. 166 When..continued priming of the cylinders fails to bring about any combustion, the ignition should be checked carefully both for quality of spark and the time of its occurrence.

2005 U.S. Patent 6,866,019 2 The priming system is operable at engine cranking speeds to prime the carburetor of the engine.

6. The addition of sugar to beer to produce a second fermentation. Cf. sense 11.

ΚΠ

1896 Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 3/2 In addition to permitting ‘priming’ we have specially allowed the use of adjuncts for the preparation of water for brewing purposes, and for fining and colouring the beer.

1908 Daily Chron. 3 Nov. 4/4 Priming consists in the addition of a solution of sugar to finished beer.

1978 Sunday Sun (Brisbane) 1 Oct. 95/2–3 Priming—Adding a small amount of sugar to the finished beer to cause a secondary fermentation in the bottles to produce gas.

2001 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 17 Apr. (Food & Drink section) 44 The beer is kept for two weeks to re-ferment (the priming triggers a secondary fermentation) at room temperature.

7. Biology and Medicine. Treatment used to induce a particular physiological state (usually prior to another treatment or procedure).

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the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > others

inoculation1802

plethysmography1890

auxanography1905

subpassage1907

ultrafiltration1908

enucleation1909

turbidimetry1920

microinjection1921

post-treatment1923

microincineration1924

plasmal reaction1925

bursectomy1928

priming1943

superinfection1947

bioengineering1950

superfusion1953

hybridization1961

sham operation1963

transfection1964

transdetermination1965

perifusion1969

zeugmatography1973

1943 Jrnl. Endocrinol. 3 270 Pituitary extracts were administered by a series of subcutaneous injections for the purpose of stimulating the follicles (‘priming’).

1967 Science 17 Nov. 939/2 Acoustic priming appears to be ineffective before the age of 14 days, corresponding to the normal onset of hearing in mice.

1978 Nature 5 Jan. 10/1 Production of interferon can also be modulated in other ways; pretreatment of cells with small amounts of homologous interferon before addition of an interferon inducer often increases the yield, a phenomenon termed ‘priming’.

1993 Brit. Med. Jrnl. (BNC) 6 Mar. 651 There is also evidence that previous ‘low level’ noxious stimulation may have a priming effect, allowing further minor noxious stimulation to cause dramatic c-fos induction.

8. Psychology. The induction of an unconscious form of memory through an encounter with a particular stimulus, which acts to influence the performance of an apparently unrelated task.

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1974 Child Devel. 45 817/1 The incorporation of a treatment to induce or ‘prime’ the aquisition of conceptual cues represented an attempt to determine whether the effects of priming were maintained when children were transferred to new tasks.

1990 N.Y. Times 7/3 This effect, known as priming, is widely accepted among cognitive psychologists as strong evidence that the mind registers information outside awareness.

2005 Brain & Cognition 57 107 Both groups of women exhibited a priming effect, in that primed objects were identified faster and at greater fragmentation than unprimed objects.

II. A thing which primes something; a primer.

9. A substance or mixture used to coat wood, canvas, metal, etc., before painting; an undercoat or layer of this. Also figurative.

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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > preparing of surface

priminga1625

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > preparing of surface > substance used for

sizec1440

priminga1625

primera1650

prime1658

gesso1851

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > preparing of surface > substance used for > coat or layer of

priminga1625

prime1658

a1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. 2301) at Pryming The first grounde or cullor w^ch is laid on for others to come over it in Painting the Shippe is called Priming.

1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 2nd Cent. lix. 310 Prayer..T'is the priming of the Soul, that laying us in the oyl of Grace preserves us from the Worm and Wether.

1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) 28 A Mixture of Pitch, Mastick, and Varnish, boyled together, and applyed with a great Brush, till it make a Couch, fit to receive your priming, and afterwards your Colours.

1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) iii. 524 Grind your Red-Lead with Linseed Oil, and use it very thin for the first Colouring or Priming.

?1787 Artist's Repository & Drawing Mag. 3 64 Priming is a colour laid on the cloth, &c. previous to those which are to form the picture, and should be in its tint rather light than dark.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 722 When the priming is quite dry, a thin coat of gold-size must be laid on.

1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 76/1 The priming or undercoat makes a saving in the quantity of varnish used.

1939 H. Hubbard Materia Pictoria 231 The chief causes of sinking-in are: (A) The porousness of the Painting-ground or Priming, [etc.].

1944 J. B. Parry in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder viii. 284/2 Stopping or filling up nail holes, etc., may be proceeded with when the priming is dry.

2002 Nature 18 July 278/3 Infrared reflectography, which can disclose carbon-based underdrawing on the white gesso priming.

10.

a. Gunpowder placed in the pan of a firearm to ignite a charge after itself being ignited by friction, a spark, etc.; a train of powder connecting a fuse with a charge in blasting, etc. Also figurative. Now historical.

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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > primer > priming-powder

touch-powder1497

toucha1500

priming powder1606

priminga1625

prime1663

amorce1779

a1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. 2301) at Pryming The Gunner hath it [sc. powder] in a greate horne at his girdle in fighte w^ch horne he calls his priming horne.

1629 F. Malthus Treat. Artific. Fire-works vi. 25 It shall be needfull to note..that the priming of your granad be firme, not spoyled with dust or dyrtie moistnes, or other like thing, that it bee not also too dry.

1690 R. Anderson To hit Mark 31 Use for the Priming the same Composition as for Fusees of Granadoes, with quick Match moderately droven into the Holes.

1740 G. Smith tr. Laboratory (rev. ed.) App. p. xliv Make a little receptacle for the priming.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. civ. 136 He..drew the trigger, but happily the priming flashed in the pan, without communicating with the charge; so that his furious purpose did not take effect.

1782 Philos. Trans. 1781 (Royal Soc.) 71 260 The sailors bruise the priming after they have put it to their guns, as they find it very difficult, without this precaution, to fire them off with a match.

1806 R. Cumberland Hint to Husbands ii. i. 22 Come, Pliant, Pliant, you have got your charge; Keep your pan down, nor let your priming flash.

1836 J. Mayne Siller Gun (new ed.) iii. 89 Some clapp'd their guns to the wrang shou'der, Where, frae the priming, Their cheeks and whiskers gat a scowder.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Tubes, for guns, a kind of portable priming, for insertion into the vent,—of various patterns.

1946 T. H. White Mistress Masham's Repose i. 15 She laid her matchlocks handy on the thwart, first blowing on the priming so that the rum in her breath nearly caught fire.

1972 R. Akehurst World of Guns 8 As the cock moved downwards the pan cover slid clear to expose the priming to the sparks.

1992 A. W. Eckert Sorrow in our Heart v. 306 Sinnatha checked the priming of his gun and Tecumseh emptied his quiver.

b. U.S. colloquial. not a priming to (also not of a priming to, no part of a priming to): no comparison with, not a patch on. Also to make the priming to: to begin to compare with. Now rare.

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1828 Eastern Argus (Portland, Maine) 19 Dec. 1/3 He would admit that Napoleon was a great genius; but insisted that he was ‘not of a priming’ to Henry Clay.

1831 Spirit of Times (N.Y.) 10 Dec. 2/4 He was a pretty hard colt, but no part of a priming to such a feller as me.

1839 D. P. Thompson Green Mountain Boys I. i. 19 Two Alexanders, with half a dozen Turks thrown in,..would be used up in making the priming to Ethan Allen!

1848 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer 55 It held about thirty hogsheads but it was not a ‘priming’, and several of the companies were obliged to..proceed on to town, in and about which..they found water.

1870 Harper's Mag. Nov. 952/2 Those fellows in St. Matthew's days were not a priming to us!

1904 C. E. Carr Illini viii. 48 He replied: ‘I ain't a primin' to a curis young feller who used to keep a grocery down whar I live. He kin make a cat laugh. I've seen the hull neighborhood turn out to hear him tell stories.’

11. Also more fully priming sugar. A preparation of sugar (or occasionally honey) added to beer to produce a second fermentation. Cf. sense 6.

ΚΠ

1896 Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 3/2 The use of ‘priming’—which is a preparation of sugar, added after brewing, to give the beer ‘body’ and make it more palatable.

1969 Times 10 Mar. (Special Report section section) p. I/1 (advt.) We can supply all your requirements in brewing sugars—we've a full range of copper sugars and primings that'll suit you down to the ground.

1995 Independent (Nexis) 11 Feb. (Food & Drink section) 33 An earlier revivalist of honey beer,[he]..adds the magic ingredient as a priming during the maturation of the beer.

2000 Which? Oct. 20/3 To give the yeast plenty of sugars to work on, and so ensure adequate natural carbonation, priming sugars are sometimes added.

Compounds

C1.

priming coat n.

ΚΠ

1850 Sci. Amer. 1 June 293/2 When dry they must be rubbed perfectly smooth with pumice stone, and the work is ready to receive the priming coat.

1926 M. Smith Bk. Play Production i. 129 The first step is to prepare the surface for painting, by a priming coat, which will give a smooth, sized surface on which to paint the colors.

2003 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 22 June 5 Until quite recently, some radiators arrived from the manufacturers with only a grey or yellow priming coat, and had to be given an undercoat and top coat.

priming colour n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours

tincturec1400

popping?c1450

ceruse1519

fard1540

parget1593

fucus1600

paint1600

blanch1601

complexion1601

priming colour1616

complexion-maker1619

whitewash1649

blanc1764

blusher1965

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne ii. vi, in Wks. I. 551 One o' their faces has not the priming color laid on yet, nor the other her smocke sleek'd.

1735 J. Barrow Dict. Polygraphicum I. at Dial Spanish brown for the first or priming colour.

1871 Manufacturer & Builder Mar. 63/2 Neither workman nor employer shall feel afraid to have it examined before it gets even one coat of priming color.

1903 Radford Amer. Homes 240 One gallon of priming color will cover 50 yards.

2000 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 1 Nov. 25 It is of the essence of the Impressionist technique that the artists opened up their brush stroke to let the priming colour show through.

priming position n.

ΚΠ

1758 App. Abridgem. Eng. & Prussian Exercise on Foot 8 Immediately after firing the Men are to bring their Firelocks to a priming Position, loading and marching regularly together.

1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. iii. 103 Place the carbine in the priming position.

1937 Jrnl. Amer. Mil. Hist. Found. 1 26 Pull the trigger briskly, and immediately after bringing up the right foot, come to the priming position.

C2.

priming box n. now historical a box of priming for cannon, etc., worn or carried at the waist.

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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-box

touch box?a1549

priming horna1625

priming box1642

1642 H. Hexham Duties Horseman 6 in Princ. Art Milit. (ed. 2) i Holding the pistoll in the bridle-hand..he is to take his priming boxe into his right-hand, and pressing the spring with his fore finger, puts poudre into the pann.

1785 G. Blane Observ. Dis. Seamen 498 The circumstances which tend to prevent explosions, are, 1st, The wetting of the wads... 2dly, The use of goose-quill tubes and small priming boxes made of tin, instead of the large horns formerly in use.

1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer I. iii. 84 The captains of guns, with their priming boxes buckled round their waists.

1985 Guns & Ammo (Nexis) Feb. 46 As the wheel travels through the priming box, a cap is pulled off of the fingers by the priming box lip.

priming horn n. (a) a horn containing priming powder carried by gunners (now historical); (b) a powder horn carried by miners and quarrymen (rare).

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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-box

touch box?a1549

priming horna1625

priming box1642

a1625Priming horne [see sense 10a].

1759 W. Windham Plan Discipline Norfolk Militia Introd. p. xv They had..a priming horn hanging by their side.

1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 94 To turn to marching matters:—I've my..Crossbelts, priming-horn, stock, bay'net, [etc.].

1908 N.E.D. at Priming vbl. n.¹ Priming-horn,..the powder-horn carried by miners and quarry-men.

1941 Lima (Ohio) News 16 Feb. 1/3 A small flint-lock priming horn used for pouring the powder into the flash pan of flintlock pistols.

1984 Guns & Ammo (Nexis) May 48 I took the opportunity to order a priming horn, sans any decoration, but with an attractive, mellow antique finish.

priming-iron n. now historical = priming wire n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-wire

primer1497

priming-iron?1592

priming wire1598

pricker1611

picker1710

?1592 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons f. 8^v This Harquebuzier muste yet haue a tuch boxe, a purse for his Bullets, steele and flint, and a priminge Iron for the clearinge of the tuch hole.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 34 To be prouided of a priming iron or wyer.

1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre i. ix. 34 His priming-yron, being a small artificiall wiar, with which he shall clense and keepe open the touch~hole of his peece.

1702 F. Povey Sea-gunners Compan. 52 You must be careful in supplying your self with good large Powder-Horns, with good Priming-Irons, and Drifts to clear the Vents of your Guns.

1867 Sci. Amer. 19 Oct. 245/1 The red-hot priming irons were not at once got rid of.

1970 P. O'Brian Master & Commander (new ed.) ii. 46 A wonderful amount of stores:..puncheons..priming-irons..langrage, grape or plain round.

priming machine n. now historical a machine for putting the priming powder in cartridges or percussion caps.

ΚΠ

1832 Times 21 May 3/5 The above-named female was employed in working the priming-machine; when, by some unknown cause, the percussion-powder exploded, and she was dreadfully wounded.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 720/2 Priming machine, a machine to put the fulminate in the cap, which is to be attached to the cartridge shell.

1908 Edwardsville (Illinois) Intelligencer 18 May The following patents have been granted to Illinois inventors:..F. W. Olin, East Alton, cartridge priming machine.

1934 G. Hutchins Women who Work viii. 166 Fulminate of mercury is used in a number of processes in the munition industry, especially in the priming machine department.

priming pan n. now chiefly historical a small plate in a firearm (esp. a matchlock or flintlock gun) designed to hold the priming powder; = pan n.¹ 8a.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > lock > priming-pan

pan1590

touch pan1599

fire pan1613

priming pan1650

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico ix. 56 With the flash firing the priming pans of the muskets that lay on heaps.

1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery ii. xiv.105 The Powder..would all tumble down at once into the Barrel, and meet with some Difficulty in its Descent, particularly if the Priming-pan was shut close.

1866 Times 5 Oct. 7/7 An explosion took place at a percussion cap manufactory...It is supposed to have been caused while one of them was putting the priming pan into the frame.

1994 Countryman's Weekly 3 June 13/1 Elephant sporting powder..is available in grades Fg, FFg, FFFg and FFFFg, which covers everything from punt guns to the priming pan of the flintlock.

priming powder n. now historical = sense 10a.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > primer > priming-powder

touch-powder1497

toucha1500

priming powder1606

priminga1625

prime1663

amorce1779

1606 B. Barnes Foure Bks. Offices iv. 206 Priming powder, with pinnes, rests, wormes, wyers, ramming staues.

1708 Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) Priming-Iron, is a small sharp Iron which they thrust in at the Touch-hole of a Gun, to make Way through the Cartridge for the Priming-Powder to meet with the Charge.

1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour xi. 246 By this contrivance fire is conveyed to the priming-powder by a gun-cock, which holds in its grasp the flint.

1992 Women & Guns July 9/1 In the case of a flintlock gun (which predates the percussion system of ignition), flint striking a steel ‘frizzen’ ignites priming powder, which in turn, ignites the main charge, causing the gun to fire.

priming pump n. Aeronautics and Engineering = primer n.² 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > pumps

turbo-pump1903

priming pump1911

primer1916

1911 [see sense 5b].

1932 R. Mahachek Airplane Pilot's Man. vi. 49 On large engines the choke is replaced by a priming pump which injects fuel directly into the intake system.

2003 Aftermarket Business (Nexis) 1 Nov. 156 [A diesel engine.] It is drawn through a heater-equipped filter/separator, which has a priming pump and a bleed screw, before reaching the two-stage fuel pump.

priming tube n. a tube containing priming powder, used to ignite the charge of a cannon, shell, etc.

ΚΠ

1849 N. C. Brooks Hist. Mexican War xi 141 Before the cannoneers fled, they had set fire to the priming-tube, and the match was about to ignite the powder.

1898 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 30 June 6/5 This shell is the shape of a rocket head and is exploded by a percussion cap on a priming tube fixed in the shell's point.

1989 Summary World Broadcasts Pt. 4: Middle East, Afr. & Latin Amer. (B.B.C.) (Nexis) 26 Sept. ME/0571/p. iii The two, who were carrying bombs and priming tubes,..claimed they had been contracted by the Colombian army.

priming valve n. Engineering †(a) a valve in the cylinder of a steam engine which allows water carried over by priming to escape (obsolete); (b) a valve that operates in connection with the priming of a pump.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1788/2 Priming-valve, a spring valve fitted to the end of a cylinder, to permit the escape of water without danger to the machinery from the shock of the piston against the incompressible fluid.

1920 Times 16 Oct. 6/3 On arrival at the gulley, the pump is put into gear... The engine is then accelerated, the priming valve closed, and the suction at once begins.

1998 Public Works (Nexis) Jan. 62 Two vacuum priming valves are located..inside the valve vault. These valves work in combination with the vacuum priming system to remove any entrapped air from the pipeline.

priming wire n. now historical a sharp wire used to ascertain whether the touch hole of a gun is unobstructed and to pierce the cartridge.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-wire

primer1497

priming-iron?1592

priming wire1598

pricker1611

picker1710

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 34 To be prouided of a priming iron or wyer.

1709 in Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1890) XV. 565 With a good fire lock, a cartouch box, priming-wire and horn, worm, 3 flints.

1797 Syst. Naval Tactics i. 131 If the cartridge is to be pierced with the priming ware, and the vent filled with powder, the pan also is to be filled.

c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 4 What is the use of a priming wire? To ascertain if the vent is clear, and the cartridge home.

1998 P. O'Brian Hundred Days (1999) ii. 38 The neat arrangement of the sponge, handspike, powder-horn, priming-wire, bed, quoin, train-tackle, shot and all the rest told a knowing eye a great deal about the gun-crew.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	priming
释义	primingn.¹ Brit. /ˈprʌɪmɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpraɪmɪŋ/ Forms: late Middle English primyng, 1500s priminge, 1500s prymyng, 1500s– priming, 1800s– primin (English regional (Northumberland)), 1900s– primin'; Scottish pre-1700 prymeing, 1700s– priming. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: prime v.², -ing suffix¹; Latin prīmus , -ing suffix¹. Etymology: Either < prime v.² (although this is first attested later) + -ing suffix¹, or independently < classical Latin prīmus first (see prime adj.) + -ing suffix¹: see further discussion at prime v.² I. The action of prime v.² 1. The coating of wood, canvas, metal, etc., with primer, in preparation for painting.In quot. 1426-7 perhaps: the fabrication or repair of something. ΚΠ 1426–7 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 67 (MED) Also, for primyng of þe haly water stop, viij d. 1561–2 in R. Adam Edinb. Rec. (1899) II. 159 Item to Adame Purves, wrycht, for making of this brandreth, prymeing and rasing of the haill rufe and [etc.]. 1676 C. Hatton in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 139 Y^e priming of y^e cloath is very good. a1677 T. Manton Serm. Mark x in 150 Serm. (1693) 330 It [sc. moral virtue] is some advantage to Grace; it is like the Priming the Post, that maketh it receptive of better Colours. 1737 C. Leadbetter Mechanick Dialling xxvi. 176 It [sc. Spanish Brown] is of itself of a Horse-flesh Colour, and (besides its Usefulness in priming), it is a natural shadow for Vermillion. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 410 Ruddle, or a red earth..used as a ground colour for priming, instead of Spanish brown. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 641 There can be no better mode adopted for priming, or laying on the first coat on stucco. 1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 97 Priming has also the advantage of preventing the knots from being seen through the paint. 1903 P. N. Hasluck House Decoration viii. 117 Priming must be done before stopping the work... When dry, the work is rubbed down..and all nail-holes are stopped with putty. 1944 J. B. Parry in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder viii. 286/2 Only surface glass-papering is necessary to make the work ready for priming. 2005 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 9 Dec. c3 To finish the wainscot, plan to sand it lightly before priming and applying two coats of paint. 2. a. The placing of gunpowder in the pan of a firearm; (hence gen.) the preparation of a gun for firing. Also figurative and in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > loading, etc. charging1569 priming1578 loading1663 reloading1751 capping1847 breech-loading1866 1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 262 The peece went of, without any more prymyng or touche. 1629 F. Malthus Treat. Artific. Fire-works v. 21 For the priming of these arrowes, dip cotten weeke into gunpowder, wet with water, but let the cotton be wel dried again before it be applied to the arrow head. 1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §58 To make a Pistol discharge a dozen times with one loading, and without so much as once new Priming requisite. 1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer ii.i. 23 This was but a shallow artifice, unworthy of my Matchiavilian Aunt: There must be more behind, this is but the first flash, the priming of her Engine. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Powder-flasks, in artillery, are most commonly made of horn, of any convenient size and figure, to carry powder for priming of cannon. 1795 tr. Flareau Ocean Spectre v. i. 61 Drinking is somehow like the priming of a gun. 1816 Sporting Mag. 48 174 Any of the compounds or matters to be used in priming. 1849 A. H. Layard Nineveh & Remains I. i. x. 363 This..led to the drawing of sabres and priming of matchlocks. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 874/2 The mechanism of the flint-lock musket, in which the pan was covered by the furrowed steel struck by the flint, rendered this method of priming unnecessary. 1966 ‘M. Hunter’ Ghosts of Glencoe xiii. 149 My hands shook over the priming and I cursed both my guards and my own lassitude in the past two weeks. 1990 Guns & Ammo 112/2 Whether you're loading a longarm or a handgun, the capping of a percussion or the priming of a flintlock should be the last step. b. figurative. A drink of alcohol as a preparation for something; the drinking of alcohol for the purpose of motivation. Now rare. ΚΠ 1764 K. O'Hara Midas iii. 53 I always chuck a priming at the tap, or A cogue of Nantzy, just to oil my clapper. 1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (Dublin ed.) III. xv. 104 Do..saunter here a few Minutes; while, in order to open the Hearts of your Guests, I go and give them a Priming before Dinner. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xvi. 273 ‘Well, Mr. Simple, so I will; but I require a little priming, or I shall never go off.’ ‘Will you have your glass of grog before or after?’ ‘Before, by all means.’ 1942 F. Clune Last of Austral. Explorers 133 After..a priming of ‘Squareface’ (gin) the tourists farewelled their navvy friends. 3. Engineering. The passage of water in the form of spray into the cylinder of an engine boiler, along with the steam. ΚΠ 1832 Edinb. Rev. 56 139 The steam..is charged with water suspended in it in minute subdivision—an effect called by engineers priming. 1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. i. 17 Salt water is sometimes mixed with it [sc. distilled water] from the priming of the boilers. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xxii. 612 Most of the methods of softening..result in the formation of sodium sulphate, sodium chloride and similar soluble salts. These are often considered to cause priming and foaming. 2000 P. W. B. Semmens & A. J. Goldfinch How Steam Locomotives really Work i. 16 It is possible for ‘priming’ to occur, when the sudden evolution of steam forms so many bubbles that liquid is carried over into the cylinders. 4. Preparation or equipping for a particular purpose or task. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > cramming cramming1819 cram1828 priming1832 1832 T. J. Serle Merchant of London iii. ii. 68 Bloodmore 'Twill cost some twenty more—risk is run there, too. Edward I'll pay it. Bloodmore One half down by way of priming. 1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel II. xi. 219 Tom..also received his priming. 1894 E. C. Selwyn in Westm. Gaz. 23 July 2/3 He was primed for the occasion, and such priming deserves the name of pot-hunting. 1926 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Republican 16 Aug. 6/ Burt mustn't get it into his head that they are not doing some priming at Urbana for the event. 1954 Bennington (Vermont) Evening Banner 5 Mar. 7/5 With a little priming..perhaps Hugh will fall victim to some other student of the dictionary in the next battle of the alphabet. 1995 B. Bryson Notes from Small Island (1996) xxii. 276 With a little priming and a thoughtful long-term plan, I am sure you could attract the sort of people who would want to open bookshops, little restaurants, [etc.]. 5. a. The preparation of a pump for operation by pouring liquid into it, e.g. to make the piston airtight or to expel air. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > action or process of extracting > [noun] > by means of a siphon > action of beginning siphon flow priming1856 1856 Sci. Amer. 25 Oct. 50/1 We claim, first, the employment of the priming reservoir, U,..which is connected to the pump, T, and fills it with water. 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 266 Priming,..(2) the priming of a force pump is the expulsion of the air from the water space, in order that the water shall enter into the partial vacuum thus produced... (3) The fetching of a lift pump by pouring liquid into the bucket in order to produce sufficient vacuum to enable it to draw. 1969 W. T. Ingram et al. Gloss. Water & Wastewater Control Engin. 247 Priming,..the action of starting the flow in a pump or siphon. 1990 A. Maidment I remember, I Remember (BNC) 113 In front of the pump was a tub, in reality half of an old beer barrel. This was kept filled to provide the can of water needed for priming. 1996 Brew your Own July 15/1 The only compounds you want for priming are the wort fermentables, and these do not precipitate (clump and sink) during boiling. b. Aeronautics and Engineering. The injection of fuel into the cylinder or carburettor of an internal combustion engine, esp. that of an aircraft, to facilitate starting.Recorded earliest in priming pump n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > fuel injector > injection of fluid injection1842 fuel injection1900 priming1911 direct injection1935 petrol injection1940 1911 Daily Rev. (Decatur, Illinois) 8 Jan. A priming pump on the dash board, which does away with the filling of the valves in cold weather. 1927 V. W. Pagé Mod. Aircraft (1928) xiv. 571 Prime engine by injecting a small quantity..of gasoline through each priming cock. 1928 A. L. Dyke Aircraft Engine Instructor 217 The idling system also contains an air bleed which serves the..purpose of..contributing to the operation of the priming device. 1931 M. M. Farleigh Princ. & Probl. Aircraft Engines x. 166 When..continued priming of the cylinders fails to bring about any combustion, the ignition should be checked carefully both for quality of spark and the time of its occurrence. 2005 U.S. Patent 6,866,019 2 The priming system is operable at engine cranking speeds to prime the carburetor of the engine. 6. The addition of sugar to beer to produce a second fermentation. Cf. sense 11. ΚΠ 1896 Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 3/2 In addition to permitting ‘priming’ we have specially allowed the use of adjuncts for the preparation of water for brewing purposes, and for fining and colouring the beer. 1908 Daily Chron. 3 Nov. 4/4 Priming consists in the addition of a solution of sugar to finished beer. 1978 Sunday Sun (Brisbane) 1 Oct. 95/2–3 Priming—Adding a small amount of sugar to the finished beer to cause a secondary fermentation in the bottles to produce gas. 2001 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 17 Apr. (Food & Drink section) 44 The beer is kept for two weeks to re-ferment (the priming triggers a secondary fermentation) at room temperature. 7. Biology and Medicine. Treatment used to induce a particular physiological state (usually prior to another treatment or procedure). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > others inoculation1802 plethysmography1890 auxanography1905 subpassage1907 ultrafiltration1908 enucleation1909 turbidimetry1920 microinjection1921 post-treatment1923 microincineration1924 plasmal reaction1925 bursectomy1928 priming1943 superinfection1947 bioengineering1950 superfusion1953 hybridization1961 sham operation1963 transfection1964 transdetermination1965 perifusion1969 zeugmatography1973 1943 Jrnl. Endocrinol. 3 270 Pituitary extracts were administered by a series of subcutaneous injections for the purpose of stimulating the follicles (‘priming’). 1967 Science 17 Nov. 939/2 Acoustic priming appears to be ineffective before the age of 14 days, corresponding to the normal onset of hearing in mice. 1978 Nature 5 Jan. 10/1 Production of interferon can also be modulated in other ways; pretreatment of cells with small amounts of homologous interferon before addition of an interferon inducer often increases the yield, a phenomenon termed ‘priming’. 1993 Brit. Med. Jrnl. (BNC) 6 Mar. 651 There is also evidence that previous ‘low level’ noxious stimulation may have a priming effect, allowing further minor noxious stimulation to cause dramatic c-fos induction. 8. Psychology. The induction of an unconscious form of memory through an encounter with a particular stimulus, which acts to influence the performance of an apparently unrelated task. ΚΠ 1974 Child Devel. 45 817/1 The incorporation of a treatment to induce or ‘prime’ the aquisition of conceptual cues represented an attempt to determine whether the effects of priming were maintained when children were transferred to new tasks. 1990 N.Y. Times 7/3 This effect, known as priming, is widely accepted among cognitive psychologists as strong evidence that the mind registers information outside awareness. 2005 Brain & Cognition 57 107 Both groups of women exhibited a priming effect, in that primed objects were identified faster and at greater fragmentation than unprimed objects. II. A thing which primes something; a primer. 9. A substance or mixture used to coat wood, canvas, metal, etc., before painting; an undercoat or layer of this. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > preparing of surface priminga1625 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > preparing of surface > substance used for sizec1440 priminga1625 primera1650 prime1658 gesso1851 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > surface for painting or drawing > preparing of surface > substance used for > coat or layer of priminga1625 prime1658 a1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. 2301) at Pryming The first grounde or cullor w^ch is laid on for others to come over it in Painting the Shippe is called Priming. 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 2nd Cent. lix. 310 Prayer..T'is the priming of the Soul, that laying us in the oyl of Grace preserves us from the Worm and Wether. 1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) 28 A Mixture of Pitch, Mastick, and Varnish, boyled together, and applyed with a great Brush, till it make a Couch, fit to receive your priming, and afterwards your Colours. 1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) iii. 524 Grind your Red-Lead with Linseed Oil, and use it very thin for the first Colouring or Priming. ?1787 Artist's Repository & Drawing Mag. 3 64 Priming is a colour laid on the cloth, &c. previous to those which are to form the picture, and should be in its tint rather light than dark. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 722 When the priming is quite dry, a thin coat of gold-size must be laid on. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 76/1 The priming or undercoat makes a saving in the quantity of varnish used. 1939 H. Hubbard Materia Pictoria 231 The chief causes of sinking-in are: (A) The porousness of the Painting-ground or Priming, [etc.]. 1944 J. B. Parry in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder viii. 284/2 Stopping or filling up nail holes, etc., may be proceeded with when the priming is dry. 2002 Nature 18 July 278/3 Infrared reflectography, which can disclose carbon-based underdrawing on the white gesso priming. 10. a. Gunpowder placed in the pan of a firearm to ignite a charge after itself being ignited by friction, a spark, etc.; a train of powder connecting a fuse with a charge in blasting, etc. Also figurative. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > primer > priming-powder touch-powder1497 toucha1500 priming powder1606 priminga1625 prime1663 amorce1779 a1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. 2301) at Pryming The Gunner hath it [sc. powder] in a greate horne at his girdle in fighte w^ch horne he calls his priming horne. 1629 F. Malthus Treat. Artific. Fire-works vi. 25 It shall be needfull to note..that the priming of your granad be firme, not spoyled with dust or dyrtie moistnes, or other like thing, that it bee not also too dry. 1690 R. Anderson To hit Mark 31 Use for the Priming the same Composition as for Fusees of Granadoes, with quick Match moderately droven into the Holes. 1740 G. Smith tr. Laboratory (rev. ed.) App. p. xliv Make a little receptacle for the priming. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. civ. 136 He..drew the trigger, but happily the priming flashed in the pan, without communicating with the charge; so that his furious purpose did not take effect. 1782 Philos. Trans. 1781 (Royal Soc.) 71 260 The sailors bruise the priming after they have put it to their guns, as they find it very difficult, without this precaution, to fire them off with a match. 1806 R. Cumberland Hint to Husbands ii. i. 22 Come, Pliant, Pliant, you have got your charge; Keep your pan down, nor let your priming flash. 1836 J. Mayne Siller Gun (new ed.) iii. 89 Some clapp'd their guns to the wrang shou'der, Where, frae the priming, Their cheeks and whiskers gat a scowder. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Tubes, for guns, a kind of portable priming, for insertion into the vent,—of various patterns. 1946 T. H. White Mistress Masham's Repose i. 15 She laid her matchlocks handy on the thwart, first blowing on the priming so that the rum in her breath nearly caught fire. 1972 R. Akehurst World of Guns 8 As the cock moved downwards the pan cover slid clear to expose the priming to the sparks. 1992 A. W. Eckert Sorrow in our Heart v. 306 Sinnatha checked the priming of his gun and Tecumseh emptied his quiver. b. U.S. colloquial. not a priming to (also not of a priming to, no part of a priming to): no comparison with, not a patch on. Also to make the priming to: to begin to compare with. Now rare. ΚΠ 1828 Eastern Argus (Portland, Maine) 19 Dec. 1/3 He would admit that Napoleon was a great genius; but insisted that he was ‘not of a priming’ to Henry Clay. 1831 Spirit of Times (N.Y.) 10 Dec. 2/4 He was a pretty hard colt, but no part of a priming to such a feller as me. 1839 D. P. Thompson Green Mountain Boys I. i. 19 Two Alexanders, with half a dozen Turks thrown in,..would be used up in making the priming to Ethan Allen! 1848 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer 55 It held about thirty hogsheads but it was not a ‘priming’, and several of the companies were obliged to..proceed on to town, in and about which..they found water. 1870 Harper's Mag. Nov. 952/2 Those fellows in St. Matthew's days were not a priming to us! 1904 C. E. Carr Illini viii. 48 He replied: ‘I ain't a primin' to a curis young feller who used to keep a grocery down whar I live. He kin make a cat laugh. I've seen the hull neighborhood turn out to hear him tell stories.’ 11. Also more fully priming sugar. A preparation of sugar (or occasionally honey) added to beer to produce a second fermentation. Cf. sense 6. ΚΠ 1896 Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 3/2 The use of ‘priming’—which is a preparation of sugar, added after brewing, to give the beer ‘body’ and make it more palatable. 1969 Times 10 Mar. (Special Report section section) p. I/1 (advt.) We can supply all your requirements in brewing sugars—we've a full range of copper sugars and primings that'll suit you down to the ground. 1995 Independent (Nexis) 11 Feb. (Food & Drink section) 33 An earlier revivalist of honey beer,[he]..adds the magic ingredient as a priming during the maturation of the beer. 2000 Which? Oct. 20/3 To give the yeast plenty of sugars to work on, and so ensure adequate natural carbonation, priming sugars are sometimes added. Compounds C1. priming coat n. ΚΠ 1850 Sci. Amer. 1 June 293/2 When dry they must be rubbed perfectly smooth with pumice stone, and the work is ready to receive the priming coat. 1926 M. Smith Bk. Play Production i. 129 The first step is to prepare the surface for painting, by a priming coat, which will give a smooth, sized surface on which to paint the colors. 2003 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 22 June 5 Until quite recently, some radiators arrived from the manufacturers with only a grey or yellow priming coat, and had to be given an undercoat and top coat. priming colour n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours tincturec1400 popping?c1450 ceruse1519 fard1540 parget1593 fucus1600 paint1600 blanch1601 complexion1601 priming colour1616 complexion-maker1619 whitewash1649 blanc1764 blusher1965 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne ii. vi, in Wks. I. 551 One o' their faces has not the priming color laid on yet, nor the other her smocke sleek'd. View more context for this quotation 1735 J. Barrow Dict. Polygraphicum I. at Dial Spanish brown for the first or priming colour. 1871 Manufacturer & Builder Mar. 63/2 Neither workman nor employer shall feel afraid to have it examined before it gets even one coat of priming color. 1903 Radford Amer. Homes 240 One gallon of priming color will cover 50 yards. 2000 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 1 Nov. 25 It is of the essence of the Impressionist technique that the artists opened up their brush stroke to let the priming colour show through. priming position n. ΚΠ 1758 App. Abridgem. Eng. & Prussian Exercise on Foot 8 Immediately after firing the Men are to bring their Firelocks to a priming Position, loading and marching regularly together. 1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. iii. 103 Place the carbine in the priming position. 1937 Jrnl. Amer. Mil. Hist. Found. 1 26 Pull the trigger briskly, and immediately after bringing up the right foot, come to the priming position. C2. priming box n. now historical a box of priming for cannon, etc., worn or carried at the waist. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-box touch box?a1549 priming horna1625 priming box1642 1642 H. Hexham Duties Horseman 6 in Princ. Art Milit. (ed. 2) i Holding the pistoll in the bridle-hand..he is to take his priming boxe into his right-hand, and pressing the spring with his fore finger, puts poudre into the pann. 1785 G. Blane Observ. Dis. Seamen 498 The circumstances which tend to prevent explosions, are, 1st, The wetting of the wads... 2dly, The use of goose-quill tubes and small priming boxes made of tin, instead of the large horns formerly in use. 1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer I. iii. 84 The captains of guns, with their priming boxes buckled round their waists. 1985 Guns & Ammo (Nexis) Feb. 46 As the wheel travels through the priming box, a cap is pulled off of the fingers by the priming box lip. priming horn n. (a) a horn containing priming powder carried by gunners (now historical); (b) a powder horn carried by miners and quarrymen (rare). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-box touch box?a1549 priming horna1625 priming box1642 a1625Priming horne [see sense 10a]. 1759 W. Windham Plan Discipline Norfolk Militia Introd. p. xv They had..a priming horn hanging by their side. 1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 94 To turn to marching matters:—I've my..Crossbelts, priming-horn, stock, bay'net, [etc.]. 1908 N.E.D. at Priming vbl. n.¹ Priming-horn,..the powder-horn carried by miners and quarry-men. 1941 Lima (Ohio) News 16 Feb. 1/3 A small flint-lock priming horn used for pouring the powder into the flash pan of flintlock pistols. 1984 Guns & Ammo (Nexis) May 48 I took the opportunity to order a priming horn, sans any decoration, but with an attractive, mellow antique finish. priming-iron n. now historical = priming wire n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-wire primer1497 priming-iron?1592 priming wire1598 pricker1611 picker1710 ?1592 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons f. 8^v This Harquebuzier muste yet haue a tuch boxe, a purse for his Bullets, steele and flint, and a priminge Iron for the clearinge of the tuch hole. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 34 To be prouided of a priming iron or wyer. 1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre i. ix. 34 His priming-yron, being a small artificiall wiar, with which he shall clense and keepe open the touch~hole of his peece. 1702 F. Povey Sea-gunners Compan. 52 You must be careful in supplying your self with good large Powder-Horns, with good Priming-Irons, and Drifts to clear the Vents of your Guns. 1867 Sci. Amer. 19 Oct. 245/1 The red-hot priming irons were not at once got rid of. 1970 P. O'Brian Master & Commander (new ed.) ii. 46 A wonderful amount of stores:..puncheons..priming-irons..langrage, grape or plain round. priming machine n. now historical a machine for putting the priming powder in cartridges or percussion caps. ΚΠ 1832 Times 21 May 3/5 The above-named female was employed in working the priming-machine; when, by some unknown cause, the percussion-powder exploded, and she was dreadfully wounded. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 720/2 Priming machine, a machine to put the fulminate in the cap, which is to be attached to the cartridge shell. 1908 Edwardsville (Illinois) Intelligencer 18 May The following patents have been granted to Illinois inventors:..F. W. Olin, East Alton, cartridge priming machine. 1934 G. Hutchins Women who Work viii. 166 Fulminate of mercury is used in a number of processes in the munition industry, especially in the priming machine department. priming pan n. now chiefly historical a small plate in a firearm (esp. a matchlock or flintlock gun) designed to hold the priming powder; = pan n.¹ 8a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > lock > priming-pan pan1590 touch pan1599 fire pan1613 priming pan1650 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico ix. 56 With the flash firing the priming pans of the muskets that lay on heaps. 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery ii. xiv.105 The Powder..would all tumble down at once into the Barrel, and meet with some Difficulty in its Descent, particularly if the Priming-pan was shut close. 1866 Times 5 Oct. 7/7 An explosion took place at a percussion cap manufactory...It is supposed to have been caused while one of them was putting the priming pan into the frame. 1994 Countryman's Weekly 3 June 13/1 Elephant sporting powder..is available in grades Fg, FFg, FFFg and FFFFg, which covers everything from punt guns to the priming pan of the flintlock. priming powder n. now historical = sense 10a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > primer > priming-powder touch-powder1497 toucha1500 priming powder1606 priminga1625 prime1663 amorce1779 1606 B. Barnes Foure Bks. Offices iv. 206 Priming powder, with pinnes, rests, wormes, wyers, ramming staues. 1708 Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) Priming-Iron, is a small sharp Iron which they thrust in at the Touch-hole of a Gun, to make Way through the Cartridge for the Priming-Powder to meet with the Charge. 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour xi. 246 By this contrivance fire is conveyed to the priming-powder by a gun-cock, which holds in its grasp the flint. 1992 Women & Guns July 9/1 In the case of a flintlock gun (which predates the percussion system of ignition), flint striking a steel ‘frizzen’ ignites priming powder, which in turn, ignites the main charge, causing the gun to fire. priming pump n. Aeronautics and Engineering = primer n.² 5. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > pumps turbo-pump1903 priming pump1911 primer1916 1911 [see sense 5b]. 1932 R. Mahachek Airplane Pilot's Man. vi. 49 On large engines the choke is replaced by a priming pump which injects fuel directly into the intake system. 2003 Aftermarket Business (Nexis) 1 Nov. 156 [A diesel engine.] It is drawn through a heater-equipped filter/separator, which has a priming pump and a bleed screw, before reaching the two-stage fuel pump. priming tube n. a tube containing priming powder, used to ignite the charge of a cannon, shell, etc. ΚΠ 1849 N. C. Brooks Hist. Mexican War xi 141 Before the cannoneers fled, they had set fire to the priming-tube, and the match was about to ignite the powder. 1898 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 30 June 6/5 This shell is the shape of a rocket head and is exploded by a percussion cap on a priming tube fixed in the shell's point. 1989 Summary World Broadcasts Pt. 4: Middle East, Afr. & Latin Amer. (B.B.C.) (Nexis) 26 Sept. ME/0571/p. iii The two, who were carrying bombs and priming tubes,..claimed they had been contracted by the Colombian army. priming valve n. Engineering †(a) a valve in the cylinder of a steam engine which allows water carried over by priming to escape (obsolete); (b) a valve that operates in connection with the priming of a pump. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1788/2 Priming-valve, a spring valve fitted to the end of a cylinder, to permit the escape of water without danger to the machinery from the shock of the piston against the incompressible fluid. 1920 Times 16 Oct. 6/3 On arrival at the gulley, the pump is put into gear... The engine is then accelerated, the priming valve closed, and the suction at once begins. 1998 Public Works (Nexis) Jan. 62 Two vacuum priming valves are located..inside the valve vault. These valves work in combination with the vacuum priming system to remove any entrapped air from the pipeline. priming wire n. now historical a sharp wire used to ascertain whether the touch hole of a gun is unobstructed and to pierce the cartridge. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > priming-wire primer1497 priming-iron?1592 priming wire1598 pricker1611 picker1710 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 34 To be prouided of a priming iron or wyer. 1709 in Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1890) XV. 565 With a good fire lock, a cartouch box, priming-wire and horn, worm, 3 flints. 1797 Syst. Naval Tactics i. 131 If the cartridge is to be pierced with the priming ware, and the vent filled with powder, the pan also is to be filled. c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 4 What is the use of a priming wire? To ascertain if the vent is clear, and the cartridge home. 1998 P. O'Brian Hundred Days (1999) ii. 38 The neat arrangement of the sponge, handspike, powder-horn, priming-wire, bed, quoin, train-tackle, shot and all the rest told a knowing eye a great deal about the gun-crew. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). primingn.² Brit. /ˈprʌɪmɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpraɪmɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: prime v.³, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < prime v.³ + -ing suffix¹. Originally and chiefly U.S. The action of pruning or trimming a tobacco plant, esp. its lowest leaves; an instance of this. Also (usually in plural): the leaves removed in this process. Cf. topping n.¹ 8a. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > removing leaves from tobacco plant priming1770 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > tobacco-picking priming1899 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with other materials > [noun] > processes in working with tobacco flue-curing1886 priming1938 1770 L. Carter Diary 6 Sept. (1965) I. 480 That way of hilling..has this low priming in view. 1827 Richmond (Va.) Enquirer 17 July 290/1 Two great errors are in general practice, in topping and priming... On such [i.e. rich] land as you generally turn out and make ten leaves to the plant, you should aim at making twelve at least, by topping to about sixteen, and not finish priming when you top, but commence again when the four top leaves get about half grown. 1859 Times 5 Dec. 9/3 Tobacco in better request. Kentucky..8c.to 10c.; Virginia primings, 2½. 1899 M. L. Floyd Cultivation of Cigar-leaf Tobacco 14 The first priming, which means the first four leaves taken from the stalk, also the last priming, which means the last four or six leaves taken from the top of the stalk, are kept separate. 1938 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 21 Oct. 5/1 Following the change from ‘stalk cutting’ to ‘priming’ (cutting of separate leaves for curing in bundles), less heat was required. 1987 Times 25 June 9 The floors are filled with ‘primings and lugs’ from the lower end of the plant and used for filler tobacco. 1995 N.Y. Times 13 Aug. i. 35/4 There are six ‘primings’ during the 18-week growing season, where the three most mature leaves are picked by hand from the tobacco plants every few weeks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). primingn.³ Brit. /ˈprʌɪmɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpraɪmɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: prime v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < prime v.¹ (although this is apparently first attested later in the relevant sense) + -ing suffix¹. The shortening of the interval between corresponding states of the tide that occurs from the neap to the spring tides. Chiefly in priming of the tides. Contrasted with lag of the tide at lag n.¹ 4b. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > acceleration from neaps to springs priming of the tides1833 1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy xi. 337 Another effect of the combination of the solar and lunar tides is what is called the priming and lagging of the tides. 1867 E. B. Denison Astron. without Math. (ed. 3) 122 The tide of any place is not regularly 49 minutes later every day, as if it obeyed the moon solely, but sometimes..an hour later and sometimes only 38 minutes. This is called the priming and lagging of the tides. 1954 Jrnl. Inst. Navigation 7 89 Priming occurs from springs to neaps. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † primingn.⁴ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: prime v.⁴, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < prime v.⁴ + -ing suffix¹. Obsolete. rare. The action of prime v.⁴ ΚΠ 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling iii. 61 When the angler notes a bubble or two..left after the priming of large fish. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2018). primingadj. Brit. /ˈprʌɪmɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpraɪmɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: prime v.², -ing suffix². Etymology: < prime v.² + -ing suffix². Biology and Medicine. That induces a particular physiological state in an animal, tissue, etc., usually prior to another treatment or procedure. Cf. prime v.² 7, priming n.¹ 7. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > [adjective] > priming or primed priming1930 primed1938 1930 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 92 129 The first test consisted of ‘priming’ injections of two rat units of purified extract into all animals. 1975 Behavior Genetics 5 324 24 hr after the priming exposure the pigmented mice show an identically large increase in audiogenic seizures, whereas the albino mice have a lesser increase. 2002 Mutation Res. 519 15 Adaptive response is a term used to describe the ability of a low, priming dose of ionizing radiation to modify the effects of a subsequent higher, challenge dose. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1426n.²1770n.³1833n.⁴1867adj.1930
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primingn.1

Compounds

primingn.2

primingn.3

† primingn.4

primingadj.

primingn.¹

primingn.²

primingn.³

† primingn.⁴