preliminaryadj.n.adv.

Brit.

/prᵻˈlɪmᵻn(ə)ri/, U.S.

/prəˈlɪməˌnɛri/,

/priˈlɪməˌnɛri/

Forms: 1600s praeliminary, 1600s preliminarie, 1600s– preliminary.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praeliminaris, praeliminare.

Etymology: Originally (as adjective) < post-classical Latin praeliminaris introductory (a1535) < classical Latin prae- pre- prefix + līmin- , līmen threshold (see limen n.) + -āris -ary suffix²; compare classical Latin līmināris liminary adj. As noun, apparently < post-classical Latin praeliminare, usually in plural, praeliminaria introductory measures (1648 in a work title, with reference to the Treaties of Westphalia), preliminary matters (1724 in a work title; earlier (1685 in a work title) with reference to examinations), use as noun of neuter of praeliminaris . Compare French préliminaire , adjective and noun (1671), Spanish preliminar , adjective (1524), noun (1608), Portuguese preliminar , adjective (a1697; also used as noun), Italian preliminare , adjective (1637), noun (1650). Compare earlier liminary adj.

A. adj.

Preceding and leading up to the main subject or business; introductory; preparatory.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective]

preparatory1442

preparative1530

preparing1606

provisional1619

preliminary1650

parasceuological1671

parasceuastic1672

prep1839

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > preliminary or introductory

preparatory1442

proemial1447

isagogicala1529

liminary1603

inducing1605

prelusive1605

preambling1608

prefatory?c1622

ushering1628

preambulary1630

inductory1632

introductive1638

prelusory1638

preambulous1646

preambular1647

preludial1647

preliminary1650

prefacive1651

preludious1651

introitory1652

prodromous1652

introductory1660

superliminary1675

exordiala1682

prodrome1682

prodromal1716

premisory1844

prefatiala1848

inductive1868

prolusory1868

inleading1889

prodromic1891

1650 Briefe Relat. Some Affaires & Transact. No. 24. 308 Windram had no authority from the Parliament of Scotland to tender the Prince a Treaty, unlesse he had first granted those the preliminary demands.

1678 J. Brown Quakerisme Path-way to Paganisme i. 1 We have his prologue, or preliminary discourse, to those, unto whom he addresseth himself.

1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 20. ⁋8 The Articles Preliminary to a general Peace were settled.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. iii. 269 After these preliminary steps, Mary ventured to call a meeting of Parliament.

1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. iv. 89 The restoration of the Palatinate was insisted on as a preliminary article of the treaty.

1890 A. R. Wallace Darwinism (new ed.) 1 It is for want of this preliminary knowledge.

1948 J. Rosenberg Rembrandt ii. 32 This is obviously a preliminary study for a larger life-sized portrait.

1995 Common Ground Jan. 18/3 A preliminary inquiry is a hearing where a judge decides whether there is enough evidence to send the case to trial.

B. n.

1. An action, measure, statement, etc., that precedes another to which it is introductory or preparatory; (in plural) preparatory measures or arrangements.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > a) preparation(s) > a preliminary action or step

introductionc1386

deductiona1535

induction?1544

preamble1548

flourish1552

preludium1563

primordium1577

preparativec1580

exordium1581

introit1583

foregoinga1586

prologuea1586

preface1589

prelusion1597

proem1598

prolusion1601

introductory1646

preliminary1656

prelimination1667

flourishing1687

little go1842

preluding1858

foreword1888

prelim1891

prelimen1898

run-in1900

opening gambit1911

prolegomenon1926

lead-in1928

pipe-openera1936

lead-up1953

intro1964

1656 O. Cromwell Let. 6 May in Writings & Speeches (1947) (modernized text) IV. 154 There were some preliminaries to be performed by him before we would enter upon the whole body of a Treaty.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing Pref. B j b Sensible of the tædium of long præliminaries.

1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 24 The lords were taken up in adjusting the preliminaries for the lord Mohuns tryall.

1762 R. Symmer in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 449 This is not the Ratification of Preliminaries simply as such, but indeed of the Treaty of Peace.

1792 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 3 The petition to the king I hold an essential preliminary.

1857 C. Dickens Let. 13 July (1995) VIII. 377 The General Manager..will arrange all the preliminaries for me.

1885 Law Times 79 159/1 The value of systematic teaching as a preliminary to professional work.

1930 D. Hammett Maltese Falcon vii. 74 Spade sat down..and without any preliminary, without an introductory remark of any sort, began to tell the girl.

1973 B. Magee Popper iii. 49 We can never get to the discussion at all, because we can never complete the necessary preliminaries.

2005 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 11 Oct. 18 Well-informed public debate is an important preliminary.

†a. A preliminary examination. Cf. prelim n. 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > preliminary, final, etc.

final1880

preliminary1882

prelim1891

1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan xxiv He passed his preliminary successfully.

b. Sport. A trial or contest used to select the best competitors for a more important event; a preliminary round. Also: a boxing match staged before the main match. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > game or definite spell of play > specific one of series

heata1663

rubber game1793

round1837

rubber match1843

tie-match1864

final1880

postseason1882

semi-final1884

preliminary1886

cup-tie1895

play-off1895

tie1895

leg1899

repechage1899

qualifier1908

quarter-final1916

playdown1918

rounder1918

go-around1933

quick death1938

semi1942

pretrial1946

quarter1950

barrage1955

tie-breaker1961

semi-main1968

tie-break1970

breaker1979

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > bout or contest > types of

catchweight1723

prizefight1724

defence1855

preliminary1886

rounder1887

title fight1901

title bout1907

eliminator1911

weight1914

slug-fest1916

undercard1926

box-off1967

1886 Athletic News 20 July 8/1 Proceedings commenced with the preliminaries of the 120 Yards Handicap, in the first heat of which Ritchie figured on the programme.

1913 Boxing 1 Feb. 365/2 (heading) Red-hot preliminaries. Harry Brooks' good win.

1955 Times 22 Feb. 3/3 Preliminaries in the track events will be held on the first day with finals on the Saturday.

1982 S. B. Flexner Listening to Amer. 105 A ‘by battle’ wasn't called a preliminary in boxing until the 19th century, sometimes shortened to prelim by 1906.

1992 Rugby World & Post Mar. 73 It is expected that the 1992 Asian tournament..will also be used to find the two qualifiers from Asia who will play in the Asia Pacific Zone 1995 World Cup preliminaries.

2004 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 20 Sept. d3 With the preliminaries behind, Coach Pete Carroll said Sunday he was glad to turn his focus to the start of USC's Pacific 10 Conference schedule.

3. The preliminary matter of a book, preceding the main text. Now usually in plural. Cf. prelim n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > matter of book > [noun] > matter preceding text > preface

forespeechc1000

prefacec1380

prefationc1390

entrya1425

prelude1548

prescript1651

preliminary1888

prelims1921

1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 103 Preliminary, any matter coming before the main text of a work—title, preface, contents, etc.

1903 A. E. Housman Let. 12 Feb. (1971) 64 I don't quite know the meaning of ‘the preliminary’, but I enclose the dedication which is to follow the title page.

1977 Notes & Queries Somerset & Dorset Sept. 301 The list of abbreviations on p. 70 would have been more usefully placed in the preliminaries.

1999 SLAM Rev. 41 171 In the preliminaries, the topics are treated so briefly that the reader who does not already know them will not be able to grasp them.

C. adv.

By way of introduction, in advance; = preliminarily adv. Frequently with to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adverb] > as a preliminary or introduction

preludiately1593

preludiously1662

preliminary1676

prodromatically1716

preliminarily1721

prefatorily1740

prelusively1833

introductorily1846

proemially1898

preludingly1932

1676 Earl of Monmouth & W. Brent tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. France i. 26 Preliminary to the general Treaty, Signor Salvio..gave his consent thereunto.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. 292 But that you had preliminarily bound me under a solemn vow.

1833 C. Williams Fall River 144 Preliminary to the facts we are about to state, we will just make a short extract from that work.

1897 Outing 29 438/1 [He] gathered the leashed hounds about him preliminary to a start.

1946 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Dec. 1/3 A spot check..which he had been authorized to undertake preliminary to a general committee investigation.

1985 T. Ferguson Onyx John ii. 20 Scanned the sports news preliminary to glimpsing naked ladies resplendent on the magazine racks.

2003 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 97 824 This seems to have been envisaged as a sort of protogovernment, preliminary to a constitutional process.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	preliminary
释义	preliminaryadj.n.adv. Brit. /prᵻˈlɪmᵻn(ə)ri/, U.S. /prəˈlɪməˌnɛri/, /priˈlɪməˌnɛri/ Forms: 1600s praeliminary, 1600s preliminarie, 1600s– preliminary. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praeliminaris, praeliminare. Etymology: Originally (as adjective) < post-classical Latin praeliminaris introductory (a1535) < classical Latin prae- pre- prefix + līmin- , līmen threshold (see limen n.) + -āris -ary suffix²; compare classical Latin līmināris liminary adj. As noun, apparently < post-classical Latin praeliminare, usually in plural, praeliminaria introductory measures (1648 in a work title, with reference to the Treaties of Westphalia), preliminary matters (1724 in a work title; earlier (1685 in a work title) with reference to examinations), use as noun of neuter of praeliminaris . Compare French préliminaire , adjective and noun (1671), Spanish preliminar , adjective (1524), noun (1608), Portuguese preliminar , adjective (a1697; also used as noun), Italian preliminare , adjective (1637), noun (1650). Compare earlier liminary adj. A. adj. Preceding and leading up to the main subject or business; introductory; preparatory. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] preparatory1442 preparative1530 preparing1606 provisional1619 preliminary1650 parasceuological1671 parasceuastic1672 prep1839 the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > preliminary or introductory preparatory1442 proemial1447 isagogicala1529 liminary1603 inducing1605 prelusive1605 preambling1608 prefatory?c1622 ushering1628 preambulary1630 inductory1632 introductive1638 prelusory1638 preambulous1646 preambular1647 preludial1647 preliminary1650 prefacive1651 preludious1651 introitory1652 prodromous1652 introductory1660 superliminary1675 exordiala1682 prodrome1682 prodromal1716 premisory1844 prefatiala1848 inductive1868 prolusory1868 inleading1889 prodromic1891 1650 Briefe Relat. Some Affaires & Transact. No. 24. 308 Windram had no authority from the Parliament of Scotland to tender the Prince a Treaty, unlesse he had first granted those the preliminary demands. 1678 J. Brown Quakerisme Path-way to Paganisme i. 1 We have his prologue, or preliminary discourse, to those, unto whom he addresseth himself. 1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 20. ⁋8 The Articles Preliminary to a general Peace were settled. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. iii. 269 After these preliminary steps, Mary ventured to call a meeting of Parliament. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. iv. 89 The restoration of the Palatinate was insisted on as a preliminary article of the treaty. 1890 A. R. Wallace Darwinism (new ed.) 1 It is for want of this preliminary knowledge. 1948 J. Rosenberg Rembrandt ii. 32 This is obviously a preliminary study for a larger life-sized portrait. 1995 Common Ground Jan. 18/3 A preliminary inquiry is a hearing where a judge decides whether there is enough evidence to send the case to trial. B. n. 1. An action, measure, statement, etc., that precedes another to which it is introductory or preparatory; (in plural) preparatory measures or arrangements. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > a) preparation(s) > a preliminary action or step introductionc1386 deductiona1535 induction?1544 preamble1548 flourish1552 preludium1563 primordium1577 preparativec1580 exordium1581 introit1583 foregoinga1586 prologuea1586 preface1589 prelusion1597 proem1598 prolusion1601 introductory1646 preliminary1656 prelimination1667 flourishing1687 little go1842 preluding1858 foreword1888 prelim1891 prelimen1898 run-in1900 opening gambit1911 prolegomenon1926 lead-in1928 pipe-openera1936 lead-up1953 intro1964 1656 O. Cromwell Let. 6 May in Writings & Speeches (1947) (modernized text) IV. 154 There were some preliminaries to be performed by him before we would enter upon the whole body of a Treaty. 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing Pref. B j b Sensible of the tædium of long præliminaries. 1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 24 The lords were taken up in adjusting the preliminaries for the lord Mohuns tryall. 1762 R. Symmer in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 449 This is not the Ratification of Preliminaries simply as such, but indeed of the Treaty of Peace. 1792 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 3 The petition to the king I hold an essential preliminary. 1857 C. Dickens Let. 13 July (1995) VIII. 377 The General Manager..will arrange all the preliminaries for me. 1885 Law Times 79 159/1 The value of systematic teaching as a preliminary to professional work. 1930 D. Hammett Maltese Falcon vii. 74 Spade sat down..and without any preliminary, without an introductory remark of any sort, began to tell the girl. 1973 B. Magee Popper iii. 49 We can never get to the discussion at all, because we can never complete the necessary preliminaries. 2005 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 11 Oct. 18 Well-informed public debate is an important preliminary. 2. †a. A preliminary examination. Cf. prelim n. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > preliminary, final, etc. final1880 preliminary1882 prelim1891 1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan xxiv He passed his preliminary successfully. b. Sport. A trial or contest used to select the best competitors for a more important event; a preliminary round. Also: a boxing match staged before the main match. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > game or definite spell of play > specific one of series heata1663 rubber game1793 round1837 rubber match1843 tie-match1864 final1880 postseason1882 semi-final1884 preliminary1886 cup-tie1895 play-off1895 tie1895 leg1899 repechage1899 qualifier1908 quarter-final1916 playdown1918 rounder1918 go-around1933 quick death1938 semi1942 pretrial1946 quarter1950 barrage1955 tie-breaker1961 semi-main1968 tie-break1970 breaker1979 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > bout or contest > types of catchweight1723 prizefight1724 defence1855 preliminary1886 rounder1887 title fight1901 title bout1907 eliminator1911 weight1914 slug-fest1916 undercard1926 box-off1967 1886 Athletic News 20 July 8/1 Proceedings commenced with the preliminaries of the 120 Yards Handicap, in the first heat of which Ritchie figured on the programme. 1913 Boxing 1 Feb. 365/2 (heading) Red-hot preliminaries. Harry Brooks' good win. 1955 Times 22 Feb. 3/3 Preliminaries in the track events will be held on the first day with finals on the Saturday. 1982 S. B. Flexner Listening to Amer. 105 A ‘by battle’ wasn't called a preliminary in boxing until the 19th century, sometimes shortened to prelim by 1906. 1992 Rugby World & Post Mar. 73 It is expected that the 1992 Asian tournament..will also be used to find the two qualifiers from Asia who will play in the Asia Pacific Zone 1995 World Cup preliminaries. 2004 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 20 Sept. d3 With the preliminaries behind, Coach Pete Carroll said Sunday he was glad to turn his focus to the start of USC's Pacific 10 Conference schedule. 3. The preliminary matter of a book, preceding the main text. Now usually in plural. Cf. prelim n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > matter of book > [noun] > matter preceding text > preface forespeechc1000 prefacec1380 prefationc1390 entrya1425 prelude1548 prescript1651 preliminary1888 prelims1921 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 103 Preliminary, any matter coming before the main text of a work—title, preface, contents, etc. 1903 A. E. Housman Let. 12 Feb. (1971) 64 I don't quite know the meaning of ‘the preliminary’, but I enclose the dedication which is to follow the title page. 1977 Notes & Queries Somerset & Dorset Sept. 301 The list of abbreviations on p. 70 would have been more usefully placed in the preliminaries. 1999 SLAM Rev. 41 171 In the preliminaries, the topics are treated so briefly that the reader who does not already know them will not be able to grasp them. C. adv. By way of introduction, in advance; = preliminarily adv. Frequently with to. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adverb] > as a preliminary or introduction preludiately1593 preludiously1662 preliminary1676 prodromatically1716 preliminarily1721 prefatorily1740 prelusively1833 introductorily1846 proemially1898 preludingly1932 1676 Earl of Monmouth & W. Brent tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. France i. 26 Preliminary to the general Treaty, Signor Salvio..gave his consent thereunto. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. 292 But that you had preliminarily bound me under a solemn vow. 1833 C. Williams Fall River 144 Preliminary to the facts we are about to state, we will just make a short extract from that work. 1897 Outing 29 438/1 [He] gathered the leashed hounds about him preliminary to a start. 1946 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Dec. 1/3 A spot check..which he had been authorized to undertake preliminary to a general committee investigation. 1985 T. Ferguson Onyx John ii. 20 Scanned the sports news preliminary to glimpsing naked ladies resplendent on the magazine racks. 2003 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 97 824 This seems to have been envisaged as a sort of protogovernment, preliminary to a constitutional process. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.adv.1650
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